Iruvar Ullam (1963 film): Difference between revisions

Iruvar Ullam
Iruvar Ullam
	Theatrical release poster
Directed by	L. V. Prasad
Screenplay by	M. Karunanidhi
Based on	Pen Manam; by Lakshmi
Produced by	Anand
Starring	Sivaji Ganesan; B. Saroja Devi
Cinematography	K. S. Prasad
Edited by	A. Sanjeevi
Music by	K. V. Mahadevan
Production; company	Prasad Movies
Distributed by	Sivaji Films
Release date	29 March 1963;
Running time	165 minutes
Country	India
Language	Tamil

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Iruvar Ullam (transl. Two Hearts) is a 1963 Indian Tamil-language romance film, directed by L. V. Prasad and written by M. Karunanidhi. Based on Lakshmi's novel Pen Manam, the film stars Sivaji Ganesan and B. Saroja Devi, while M. R. Radha, S. V. Ranga Rao, T. R. Ramachandran, T. P. Muthulakshmi, Sandhya and Padmini Priyadarshini play supporting roles.

The music was composed by K. V. Mahadevan, while the lyrics were written by Kannadasan. K. S. Prasad and A. Sanjeevi handled cinematography and editing respectively. The filming was held in places like Kodaikanal, Kanyakumari and Bangalore.

Iruvar Ullam was released on 29 March 1963 and became a box office success. Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Ganesan and Saroja in the 1997 film Once More, which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to Iruvar Ullam.

Plot

Selvam, the younger son of a prosecutor Neethimanickam, is a medical student studying in Bangalore. Unlike his righteous father, he is a playboy. Vasanthi, a scheming woman, tries to blackmail Selvam into marriage. On his refusal, she writes to his father. Selvam's uncle Gnanasigamani, another lawyer, arrives in Bangalore and pays ₹10,000 to Vasanthi to silence her.

Selvam stops studying and arrives in Madras. He takes over the responsibility of managing his uncle's company. He eventually sees Shanta, a teacher, on the road and pursues her. Shanta dislikes Selvam's continuing old habits, but he eventually transforms and wants to live prosperously with her, yet she continues disliking him.

Shanta is eventually forced by her parents to marry Selvam. When Vasanthi is murdered by her other lover Paramathma, Selvam is wrongfully convicted; this brings the couple closer. Shantha later exposes Paramathma, and Selvam is released.

Cast

Sivaji Ganesan as Selvam^[1]
B. Saroja Devi as Shanta^[1]
M. R. Radha as Gnanasigamani^[2]
S. V. Ranga Rao as Neethimanickam^[3]
T. R. Ramachandran as Sri Paramathma^[4]
T. P. Muthulakshmi as Kannamma^[5]
Sandhya as Nagammal^[4]
Padmini Priyadarshini as Vasanthi^[1]
K. Balaji as Minor Manickam^[4]
S. Rama Rao as Gurusamy, Shanta's father
A. Karunanidhi as Soda Subbaiah, Gurusamy's father-in-law
R. Balasubramanian as Nagamma's brother
Lakshmi Rajyam as Gurusamy's second wife
Radha Bai as School Headmistress

Production

Iruvar Ullam was directed by L. V. Prasad and produced by A. Anand under Prasad Movies.^[1] The film is based on Lakshmi's novel Pen Manam, which was previously adapted into the Telugu film Bharya Bhartalu (1961).^[6] However Lakshmi's name was not credited in the opening titles.^[7] The screenplay was written by M. Karunanidhi,^[8]^[9] who received a salary of ₹20,000 (equivalent to ₹1.7 million or US$19,000 in 2023).^[10] Cinematography was handled by K. S. Prasad and the editing by A. Sanjeevi.^[11] The filming was held in places like Kodaikanal, Kanyakumari and Bangalore.^[12]

One scene in the film called for an aggressive performance by B. Saroja Devi. Sivaji Ganesan sought to outdo her acting in the scene. While it was being filmed, Prasad stopped filming and told Ganesan that he should not upstage Saroja Devi as the scene required her to dominate, and if Ganesan did so it would ruin the film. Ganesan complied, and at Prasad's request, underplayed his role.^[13]^[14] Iruvar Ullam was the final Tamil film directed by Prasad.^[15] The final length of the film was 35,441 feet (4,543 m).^[16]

Soundtrack

The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by K. V. Mahadevan, while the lyrics for the songs were written by Kannadasan.^[17]^[18] A. L. Raghavan initially sang the song "Buddhi Sigamani", picturised on M. R. Radha, in a manner that would match Radha's hoarse voice, but Prasad did not accept this and told Raghavan to sing with a melodious voice. When Radha objected to Prasad's decision, Prasad said he would have the song recorded with a melodious voice, and if Radha did not like the final recording, it would be excluded from the film; after listening to the final recording, Radha approved.^[2]

Title	Singer's
"Paravaigal Palavitham"	T. M. Soundararajan
"Idayaveenai"	P. Susheela
"Azhagu Sirikkindrathu"	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
"Nadhi Engey Pogirathu"	T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
"Yean Azuthai"	T. M. Soundararajan
"Kanneya Kanneya Urangatheya"	P. Susheela
"Buddhi Sigamani"	A. L. Raghavan, L. R. Eswari
"Kannethire Thondrinal"	T. M. Soundararajan

Release and reception

Iruvar Ullam was released on 29 March 1963, and distributed by Sivaji Films.^[11] It was promoted as a "newspaper cutting that featured pencil sketches of two hearts", each displaying the name of the lead actor and actress.^[19] On 9 April, The Indian Express wrote that it "has one significant and rare virtue. Its basic dramatic design is of a lightly pleasant variety, with the sweet underlining of a playful romance".^[20] On 21 April, the magazine Kalki positively reviewed the film, praising Saroja Devi for delivering a very natural performance.^[21] The film was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.^[22]^[23] Lakshmi who saw the film was shocked with the twist of the protagonist being blamed for the murder as she felt the film completely deviated from her novel.^[7]

Legacy

Film journalist Sujatha Narayanan considers Iruvar Ullam a trendsetter for "all following films that dealt with post-marriage narratives" in Tamil cinema.^[24] Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Ganesan and Saroja Devi in the 1997 film Once More,^[25] which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to Iruvar Ullam.^[26]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 376.
^ ^a ^b முகில் (28 June 2015). "எம்.ஆர். ராதா - கலகக்காரனின் கதை! (20)" [M. R. Radha – The story of a rebel! (20)]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ Pandian, A.T.S (3 July 2021). "எஸ்வி.ரங்கா ராவ்.. அவருக்கு நிகர் வேறு யார்?" [S. V. Ranga Rao.. Who else is equal to him?]. Patrikai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b ^c ராம்ஜி, வி. (29 March 2019). "இருவர் உள்ளம் – அப்பவே அப்படி கதை – இருவர் உள்ளம் படத்துக்கு 56 வயது!" [Iruvar Ullam – Then itself such a story – The film Iruvar Ullam turns 56!]. Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
^ ஜீவசுந்தரி, பா. (16 March 2018). "செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் | அதான் எனக்குத் தெரியுமே... டி.பி. முத்து லட்சுமி" [Celluloid women | I already know that... T. P. Muthulakshmi]. Kungumam (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ Narasimham, M. L. (28 April 2016). "Bharya Bharthalu (1961)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ ^a ^b அசோக்குமார் (22 June 1980). "நாவல் படமான போது." (PDF). Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 60–62. Retrieved 10 April 2024 – via Internet Archive.
^ Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 123.
^ "Excerpts from a special article written by Karunanidhi". The Hindu. 9 August 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
^ "கருணாநிதி சொத்து கணக்கு இந்த நூற்றாண்டின் இணையற்ற நகைச்சுவை: ஜெயலலிதா" [Karunanidhi's property account is an unparalleled joke of the century: Jayalalithaa]. Dinamani (in Tamil). 20 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
^ ^a ^b "Iruvar Ullam". The Indian Express. 29 March 1963. p. 10. Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via Google News Archive.
^ "Iruvar Ullam, a romantic social". The Indian Express. 29 March 1963. p. 3. Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via Google News Archive.
^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, pp. 181–182.
^ "செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 171– சுதாங்கன்" [Celluloid king Sivaji Part 171 – Sudhangan]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). Nellai. 16 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ Pillai 2015, p. 10.
^ "1963 – இருவர் உள்ளம் – பிரசாத் மூவிஸ்" [1963 – Iruvar Ullam – Prasad Movies]. Lakshman Sruthi (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
^ "Iruvar Ullam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Apple Music. 1 December 1963. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ "Iruvar Ullam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by K V Mahadevan". Mossymart. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
^ Jeshi, K. (27 March 2014). "Just like that". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ "Iruvar Ullam offers wholesome fare". The Indian Express. 9 April 1963. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2021 – via Google News Archive.
^ காந்தன் (21 April 1963). "இருவர் உள்ளம்". Kalki (in Tamil). p. 53. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
^ Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, p. 241.
^ தீனதயாளன், பா. (27 May 2016). "சரோஜா தேவி: 6. அழுமூஞ்சி...!" [Saroja Devi: 6. Crying face...!]. Dinamani (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
^ Narayanan, Sujatha (28 October 2018). "Thamizh Talkies: The forgotten trendsetters". Cinema Express. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
^ "Her last years in the industry". Rediff.com. 1 July 2008. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
^ "There is no such thing as right talent". The Times of India. 9 May 1998. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

Bibliography

Ganesan, Sivaji; Narayana Swamy, T. S. (2007) [2002]. Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928 – July 2001. Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust. OCLC 297212002.
Pillai, Swarnavel Eswaran (2015). Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9789351502128.
Rajadhyaksha, Ashish; Willemen, Paul (1998) [1994]. Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema. British Film Institute and Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563579-5.

External links

Iruvar Ullam at IMDb

[FOOTNOTERajadhyakshaWillemen1998376-1] Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 376.

[Radha-2] முகில் (28 June 2015). "எம்.ஆர். ராதா - கலகக்காரனின் கதை! (20)" [M. R. Radha – The story of a rebel! (20)]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[3] Pandian, A.T.S (3 July 2021). "எஸ்வி.ரங்கா ராவ்.. அவருக்கு நிகர் வேறு யார்?" [S. V. Ranga Rao.. Who else is equal to him?]. Patrikai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 6 July 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021.

[hindutamil-4] ராம்ஜி, வி. (29 March 2019). "இருவர் உள்ளம் – அப்பவே அப்படி கதை – இருவர் உள்ளம் படத்துக்கு 56 வயது!" [Iruvar Ullam – Then itself such a story – The film Iruvar Ullam turns 56!]. Hindu Tamil Thisai (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 5 July 2021.

[5] ஜீவசுந்தரி, பா. (16 March 2018). "செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் | அதான் எனக்குத் தெரியுமே... டி.பி. முத்து லட்சுமி" [Celluloid women | I already know that... T. P. Muthulakshmi]. Kungumam (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[6] Narasimham, M. L. (28 April 2016). "Bharya Bharthalu (1961)". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

[iruvar-7] அசோக்குமார் (22 June 1980). "நாவல் படமான போது." (PDF). Kalki (in Tamil). pp. 60–62. Retrieved 10 April 2024 – via Internet Archive.

[FOOTNOTERajadhyakshaWillemen1998123-8] Rajadhyaksha & Willemen 1998, p. 123.

[9] "Excerpts from a special article written by Karunanidhi". The Hindu. 9 August 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2021.

[10] "கருணாநிதி சொத்து கணக்கு இந்த நூற்றாண்டின் இணையற்ற நகைச்சுவை: ஜெயலலிதா" [Karunanidhi's property account is an unparalleled joke of the century: Jayalalithaa]. Dinamani (in Tamil). 20 September 2012. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.

[released-11] "Iruvar Ullam". The Indian Express. 29 March 1963. p. 10. Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via Google News Archive.

[12] "Iruvar Ullam, a romantic social". The Indian Express. 29 March 1963. p. 3. Retrieved 11 November 2018 – via Google News Archive.

[FOOTNOTEGanesanNarayana_Swamy2007181–182-13] Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, pp. 181–182.

[14] "செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 171– சுதாங்கன்" [Celluloid king Sivaji Part 171 – Sudhangan]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). Nellai. 16 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[FOOTNOTEPillai201510-15] Pillai 2015, p. 10.

[16] "1963 – இருவர் உள்ளம் – பிரசாத் மூவிஸ்" [1963 – Iruvar Ullam – Prasad Movies]. Lakshman Sruthi (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 11 November 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2018.

[17] "Iruvar Ullam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Apple Music. 1 December 1963. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

[18] "Iruvar Ullam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by K V Mahadevan". Mossymart. Archived from the original on 21 December 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.

[19] Jeshi, K. (27 March 2014). "Just like that". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 July 2021. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

[20] "Iruvar Ullam offers wholesome fare". The Indian Express. 9 April 1963. p. 3. Retrieved 26 November 2021 – via Google News Archive.

[21] காந்தன் (21 April 1963). "இருவர் உள்ளம்". Kalki (in Tamil). p. 53. Archived from the original on 24 July 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2021.

[FOOTNOTEGanesanNarayana_Swamy2007241-22] Ganesan & Narayana Swamy 2007, p. 241.

[23] தீனதயாளன், பா. (27 May 2016). "சரோஜா தேவி: 6. அழுமூஞ்சி...!" [Saroja Devi: 6. Crying face...!]. Dinamani (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 3 May 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

[24] Narayanan, Sujatha (28 October 2018). "Thamizh Talkies: The forgotten trendsetters". Cinema Express. Archived from the original on 7 July 2019. Retrieved 10 November 2021.

[25] "Her last years in the industry". Rediff.com. 1 July 2008. Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

[26] "There is no such thing as right talent". The Times of India. 9 May 1998. Archived from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{short description|1963 film by L. V. Prasad}}
-{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
-{{Use Indian English|date=November 2015}}
+{{Use Indian English|date=July 2021}}
 {{Infobox film
 | name           = Iruvar Ullam
-| image          = Iruvar Ullam poster.jpg
+| image          = Iruvar Ullam 1963 poster.jpg
 | caption        = Theatrical release poster
 | director       = [[L. V. Prasad]]
-| producer       = Anand
 | screenplay     = [[M. Karunanidhi]]
+| based_on       = {{based on|''Pen Manam''|[[Lakshmi (writer)|Lakshmi]]}}
+| producer       = Anand
 | starring       = [[Sivaji Ganesan]]<br />[[B. Saroja Devi]]
-| music          = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
+| cinematography = [[K. S. Prasad]]
-| cinematography = K. S. Prasad
 | editing        = A. Sanjeevi
+| music          = [[K. V. Mahadevan]]
 | studio         = Prasad Movies
-| distributor    =
+| distributor    = [[Sivaji Productions|Sivaji Films]]
 | released       = {{Film date|df=yes|1963|3|29}}
-| runtime        = 165 minutes
+| runtime        = 165 minutes{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=376}}
 | country        = India
 | language       = Tamil
-| based_on       = {{based on|''Pen Manam''|[[Lakshmi Thiripurasundari]]}}
 }}
-'''''Iruvar Ullam''''' ({{trans|Two Hearts}}) is a 1963 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]], directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. The film was produced by Anand under Prasad Movies and stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]] in the lead roles, while [[M. R. Radha]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]] and [[S. V. Ranga Rao]] play pivotal roles. The film's music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]].
+'''''Iruvar Ullam''''' ({{translation|Two Hearts}}) is a 1963 Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language [[romance film]], directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] and written by [[M. Karunanidhi]]. Based on Lakshmi's novel ''Pen Manam'', the film stars [[Sivaji Ganesan]] and [[B. Saroja Devi]], while [[M. R. Radha]], [[S. V. Ranga Rao]], [[T. R. Ramachandran]], [[T. P. Muthulakshmi]], Sandhya and [[Padmini Priyadarshini]] play supporting roles.
-K. S. Prasad and A. Sanjeevi handled cinematography and editing respectively. The film is based on [[Lakshmi Thiripurasundari]]'s novel ''Pen Manam'', which was previously adapted into the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bharya Bhartalu]]'' (1961). The film was released on 29 March 1963 and became Grand successful at the box office.
+The music was composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics were written by [[Kannadasan]]. [[K. S. Prasad]] and A. Sanjeevi handled cinematography and editing respectively. The filming was held in places like [[Kodaikanal]], [[Kanyakumari]] and [[Bangalore]].
+''Iruvar Ullam'' was released on 29 March 1963 and became a box office success. Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Ganesan and Saroja in the 1997 film ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'', which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to ''Iruvar Ullam''.
-Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Sivaji and Saroja in the film ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/01slide8.htm |title=Her last years in the industry |date=1 July 2008 |website=[[Rediff.com]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119141551/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/01slide8.htm |archive-date=19 November 2018 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2019 }}</ref> which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to ''Iruvar Ullam''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.goldentamilcinema.net/index.php/sarojadevi/articles-2/15-now-i-have-fans-among-youngsters-too-2 |title={{sic|Thre|nolink=y}} in no such thing as right talent |date=9 May 1998 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190726064056/http://www.goldentamilcinema.net/index.php/sarojadevi/articles-2/15-now-i-have-fans-among-youngsters-too-2 |archive-date=26 July 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>
+== Plot ==
+{{more plot|date=July 2021}}
+Selvam, the younger son of a prosecutor Neethimanickam, is a medical student studying in Bangalore. Unlike his righteous father, he is a [[Playboy lifestyle|playboy]]. Vasanthi, a scheming woman, tries to blackmail Selvam into marriage. On his refusal, she writes to his father. Selvam's uncle Gnanasigamani, another lawyer, arrives in Bangalore and pays {{INR}}10,000 to Vasanthi to silence her.
+Selvam stops studying and arrives in Madras. He takes over the responsibility of managing his uncle's company. He eventually sees Shanta, a teacher, on the road and pursues her. Shanta dislikes Selvam's continuing old habits, but he eventually transforms and wants to live prosperously with her, yet she continues disliking him.
+Shanta is eventually forced by her parents to marry Selvam. When Vasanthi is murdered by her other lover Paramathma, Selvam is wrongfully convicted; this brings the couple closer. Shantha later exposes Paramathma, and Selvam is released.
 == Cast ==
+{{Cast listing|
-*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Selvam<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article26674173.ece |title=இருவர் உள்ளம் - அப்பவே அப்படி கதை - இருவர் உள்ளம் படத்துக்கு 56 வயது! |date=29 March 2019 |work=[[The Hindu (Tamil)|The Hindu Tamil]] |access-date=22 July 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190714215336/https://tamil.thehindu.com/cinema/tamil-cinema/article26674173.ece |archive-date=14 July 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
+*[[Sivaji Ganesan]] as Selvam{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=376}}
-*[[B. Saroja Devi]] as Shantha<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2017/apr/09/mind-matters-on-celluoid-1591826.html |title=Mind matters on celluoid |date=9 April 2017 |work=[[The New Indian Express]] |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>
+*[[B. Saroja Devi]] as Shanta{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=376}}
-*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Neethimanickam (Public Prosecutor Lawyer, Selvam's father)
-*N. R. Santhiya as Nagammal (Selvam Mother)
+*[[M. R. Radha]] as Gnanasigamani<ref name="Radha" />
+*[[S. V. Ranga Rao]] as Neethimanickam<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pandian |first=A.T.S |date=3 July 2021 |title=எஸ்வி.ரங்கா ராவ்.. அவருக்கு நிகர் வேறு யார்? |trans-title=S. V. Ranga Rao.. Who else is equal to him? |url=https://patrikai.com/sv-ranga-rao-who-one-else-is-equal-to-him/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706051907/https://patrikai.com/sv-ranga-rao-who-one-else-is-equal-to-him/ |archive-date=6 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=Patrikai |language=ta}}</ref>
-*[[M. R. Radha]] as Gnanasigamani (Selvam's Uncle)
-*[[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Kannamma (Gnanasigamani wife)
+*[[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Sri Paramathma<ref name="hindutamil" />
+*[[T. P. Muthulakshmi]] as Kannamma<ref>{{Cite web |last=ஜீவசுந்தரி |first=பா. |date=16 March 2018 |title=செல்லுலாய்ட் பெண்கள் {{!}} அதான் எனக்குத் தெரியுமே... டி.பி. முத்து லட்சுமி |trans-title=Celluloid women {{!}} I already know that... T. P. Muthulakshmi |url=http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4621&id1=84&issue=20180316 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709105144/http://kungumam.co.in/ThArticalinnerdetail.aspx?id=4621&id1=84&issue=20180316 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=[[Kungumam (magazine)|Kungumam]] |language=ta}}</ref>
-*[[K. Balaji]] as Moiner Manickam (Selvam Friend)
+*Sandhya as Nagammal<ref name="hindutamil" />
-*[[V. S. Raghavan]] as Lawyer
+*[[Padmini Priyadarshini]] as Vasanthi{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=376}}
-*[[T. R. Ramachandran]] as Paramathma
+*[[K. Balaji]] as Minor Manickam<ref name="hindutamil" />
-*[[Padmini Priyadarshini]] as Vasanthi
+*S. Rama Rao as Gurusamy, Shanta's father
-*S. Ramarao as Kumastha Subbaiah (Shantha Father)
-*[[A. Karunanidhi]] as Soda Ponnambalam
+*[[A. Karunanidhi]] as Soda Subbaiah, Gurusamy's father-in-law
+*R. Balasubramanian as Nagamma's brother
-*[[C. Lakshmi Rajyam]] as Karpagam (Shantha's Step Mother)
+*Lakshmi Rajyam as Gurusamy's second wife
-*[[Jayanthi (actress)|Jayanthi]] as Song Dancer
+*Radha Bai as School Headmistress
-*[[Pakoda Kadhar]] as Selvam Office Bai
+}}
-* Radhabhai
 == Production ==
+''Iruvar Ullam'' was directed by [[L. V. Prasad]] and produced by A. Anand under Prasad Movies.{{sfn |Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|page=376}} The film is based on [[Lakshmi (writer)|Lakshmi]]'s novel ''Pen Manam'', which was previously adapted into the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bharya Bhartalu]]'' (1961).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=28 April 2016 |title=Bharya Bharthalu (1961) |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bharya-bharthalu-1961/article8532431.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221085810/http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bharya-bharthalu-1961/article8532431.ece |archive-date=21 December 2016}}</ref> However Lakshmi's name was not credited in the opening titles.<ref name="iruvar" /> The screenplay was written by [[M. Karunanidhi]],{{sfn|Rajadhyaksha|Willemen|1998|p=123}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 August 2018 |title=Excerpts from a special article written by Karunanidhi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinema-for-a-cause/article24639454.ece |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109030219/https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/cinema-for-a-cause/article24639454.ece |archive-date=9 November 2020}}</ref> who received a salary of {{INRConvert|20000|year=1963}}.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 September 2012 |title=கருணாநிதி சொத்து கணக்கு இந்த நூற்றாண்டின் இணையற்ற நகைச்சுவை: ஜெயலலிதா |language=ta |trans-title=Karunanidhi's property account is an unparalleled joke of the century: Jayalalithaa |work=[[Dinamani]] |url=https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2010/dec/04/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-277740.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715115317/https://www.dinamani.com/tamilnadu/2010/dec/04/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF-%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D-%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1-%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88-%E0%AE%9C%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE-277740.html |archive-date=15 July 2021}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by [[K. S. Prasad]] and the editing by A. Sanjeevi.<ref name="released" /> The filming was held in places like [[Kodaikanal]], [[Kanyakumari]] and [[Bangalore]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 March 1963 |title=''Iruvar Ullam'', a romantic social |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630329&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=11 November 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
-''Iruvar Ullam'' was directed by L. V. Prasad and produced by A. Anand under Prasad Movies.<ref name="in">{{Cite book |url=https://indiancine.ma/texts/indiancine.ma%3AEncyclopedia_of_Indian_Cinema/text.pdf |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |editor-last=Rajadhyaksha |editor-first=Ashish |pages=376 |ref=harv |orig-year=1994 |editor-last2=Willemen |editor-first2=Paul}}</ref> The film is based on [[Lakshmi Thiripurasundari]]'s novel ''Pen Manam'', which was previously adapted into the [[Telugu language|Telugu]] film ''[[Bharya Bhartalu]]'' (1961).<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/bharya-bharthalu-1961/article8532431.ece |title=Bharya Bharthalu (1961) |last=Narasimham |first=M. L. |date=2016-04-28 |work=The Hindu |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref> The screenplay was written by [[M. Karunanidhi]].<ref name="Anandan">{{Cite book |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails8.asp |title=Sadhanaigal Padaitha Thamizh Thiraipada Varalaru |last=Film News Anandan |publisher=Sivagami Publishers |year=2004 |location=Chennai |language=Tamil |trans-title=Tamil film history and its achievements |author-link=Film News Anandan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181111103333/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails8.asp |archive-date=11 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> Cinematography was handled by K. S. Prasad and the editing by A. Sanjeevi.<ref name="in" /> The filming was held in places like Kodaikanal, Kanyakumari and Bangalore.<ref name="released" /> The final length of the film was 35,441 feet (4,543&nbsp;m).<ref name="Anandan" />
+One scene in the film called for an aggressive performance by [[B. Saroja Devi]]. [[Sivaji Ganesan]] sought to outdo her acting in the scene. While it was being filmed, Prasad stopped filming and told Ganesan that he should not upstage Saroja Devi as the scene required her to dominate, and if Ganesan did so it would ruin the film. Ganesan complied, and at Prasad's request, underplayed his role.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|pp=181–182}}<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 April 2017 |title=செலுலாய்ட் சோழன் சிவாஜி தொடர் 171– சுதாங்கன் |trans-title=Celluloid king Sivaji Part 171&nbsp;– Sudhangan |url=http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/25989 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709095120/http://www.dinamalarnellai.com/web/news/25989 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |location=Nellai |language=ta}}</ref> ''Iruvar Ullam'' was the final Tamil film directed by Prasad.{{sfn|Pillai|2015|page=10}} The final length of the film was 35,441 feet (4,543&nbsp;m).<ref>{{Cite web |title=1963&nbsp;– இருவர் உள்ளம்&nbsp;– பிரசாத் மூவிஸ் |trans-title=1963&nbsp;– Iruvar Ullam&nbsp;– Prasad Movies |url=http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails8.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20181111103333/http://lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1963-cinedetails8.asp |archive-date=11 November 2018 |access-date=11 November 2018 |website=[[Lakshman Sruthi]] |language=Tamil}}</ref>
 == Soundtrack ==
-The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/iruvar-ullam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1329137202 |title=Iruvar Ullam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |website=Apple Music |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gaana.com/album/iruvar-ullam |title=Iruvar Ullam |website=[[Gaana.com]] |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.saregama.com/album/iruvar-ullam_14786 |title=Iruvar Ullam |website=[[Saregama]] |access-date=2019-07-26}}</ref>
+The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by [[K. V. Mahadevan]], while the lyrics for the songs were written by [[Kannadasan]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 1963 |title=Iruvar Ullam (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/in/album/iruvar-ullam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1329137202 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726080003/https://music.apple.com/in/album/iruvar-ullam-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/1329137202 |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=26 July 2019 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Iruvar Ullam Tamil Film EP Vinyl Record by K V Mahadevan |url=https://mossymart.com/product/iruvar-ullam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221054812/https://mossymart.com/product/iruvar-ullam-tamil-film-ep-vinyl-record-by-k-v-mahadevan/ |archive-date=21 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=Mossymart}}</ref> [[A. L. Raghavan]] initially sang the song "Buddhi Sigamani", picturised on [[M. R. Radha]], in a manner that would match Radha's hoarse voice, but Prasad did not accept this and told Raghavan to sing with a melodious voice. When Radha objected to Prasad's decision, Prasad said he would have the song recorded with a melodious voice, and if Radha did not like the final recording, it would be excluded from the film; after listening to the final recording, Radha approved.<ref name="Radha" />
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
-! S.No !! Song's !! Singer's !! Lyric's
+! Title !! Singer's
 |-
-| 1 || Paravaigal Palavitham ||[[T. M. Soundararajan]] || rowspan=8|[[Kannadasan]]
+| "Paravaigal Palavitham" ||[[T. M. Soundararajan]]
 |-
-| 2 || Idayaveenai || [[P. Susheela]]
+| "Idayaveenai" || [[P. Susheela]]
 |-
-| 3 || Azhagu Sirikkindrathu ||[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
+| "Azhagu Sirikkindrathu" ||T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
 |-
-| 4 || Nadhi Engey Pogirathu ||[[T. M. Soundararajan]], [[P. Susheela]]
+| "Nadhi Engey Pogirathu" ||T. M. Soundararajan, P. Susheela
 |-
-| 5 || Yean Azuthai || [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
+| "Yean Azuthai" || T. M. Soundararajan
 |-
-| 6 || Kanneya Kanneya Urangatheya
+| "Kanneya Kanneya Urangatheya"|| P. Susheela
-| [[P. Susheela]]
 |-
-| 7 || Buddhi Sigamani || [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
+| "Buddhi Sigamani" || [[A. L. Raghavan]], [[L. R. Eswari]]
 |-
-|8 || Kannethire Thondrinal || [[T. M. Soundararajan]]
+| "Kannethire Thondrinal" || T. M. Soundararajan
 |}
-== Release ==
+== Release and reception ==
+''Iruvar Ullam'' was released on 29 March 1963, and distributed by [[Sivaji Productions|Sivaji Films]].<ref name="released" /> It was promoted as a "newspaper cutting that featured pencil sketches of two hearts", each displaying the name of the lead actor and actress.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=27 March 2014 |title=Just like that |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/just-like-that/article5836683.ece |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705113732/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/just-like-that/article5836683.ece |archive-date=5 July 2021}}</ref> On 9 April, ''[[The Indian Express]]'' wrote that it "has one significant and rare virtue. Its basic dramatic design is of a lightly pleasant variety, with the sweet underlining of a playful romance".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 1963 |title=''Iruvar Ullam'' offers wholesome fare |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630409&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=26 November 2021 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=3 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref> On 21 April, the magazine ''[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]]'' positively reviewed the film, praising Saroja Devi for delivering a very natural performance.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=காந்தன் |date=21 April 1963 |title=இருவர் உள்ளம் |url=https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1963/apr/21-04-1963/p53.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220724045219/https://kalkionline.com/kalkionline_archive/imagegallery/archiveimages/kalki/1963/apr/21-04-1963/p53.jpg |archive-date=24 July 2022 |access-date=2 December 2021 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |page=53 |language=ta}}</ref> The film was a commercial success, running for over 100 days in theatres.{{sfn|Ganesan|Narayana Swamy|2007|p=241}}<ref>{{Cite news |last=தீனதயாளன் |first=பா. |date=27 May 2016 |title=சரோஜா தேவி: 6. அழுமூஞ்சி...! |language=ta |trans-title=Saroja Devi: 6. Crying face...! |work=[[Dinamani]] |url=https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/may/28/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF-6.-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF...-2516292.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503054643/https://www.dinamani.com/junction/kanavukkannigal/2016/may/28/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9C%E0%AE%BE-%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF-6.-%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF...-2516292.html |archive-date=3 May 2021}}</ref> Lakshmi who saw the film was shocked with the twist of the protagonist being blamed for the murder as she felt the film completely deviated from her novel.<ref name="iruvar" />
-''Iruvar Ullam'' was released on 29 March 1963.<ref name="released">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630329&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |title=''Iruvar Ullam'', a romantic social |date=29 March 1963 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |page=3}}</ref> The film was promoted creatively as a newspaper cutting that featured pencil sketches of two hearts each bearing the name of the hero and the heroine.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-metroplus/just-like-that/article5836683.ece |title=Just like that |last=Jeshi |first=K. |date=2014-03-27 |work=The Hindu |access-date=26 July 2019}}</ref> The film ran for over 100 days in theatres.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928&nbsp;– July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last=Ganesan |first=Sivaji |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T.S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |location=Chennai |pages=241 |oclc=297212002 |ref=harv |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |orig-year=2002}}</ref>
+== Legacy ==
+Film journalist Sujatha Narayanan considers ''Iruvar Ullam'' a trendsetter for "all following films that dealt with post-marriage narratives" in Tamil cinema.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Narayanan |first=Sujatha |date=28 October 2018 |title=Thamizh Talkies: The forgotten trendsetters |work=[[Cinema Express]] |url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2018/oct/28/thamizh-talkies-the-forgotten-trendsetters-8511.html |url-status=live |access-date=10 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707062934/https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/columns/2018/oct/28/thamizh-talkies-the-forgotten-trendsetters-8511.html |archive-date=7 July 2019}}</ref> Clips of the film were used to portray the younger Ganesan and Saroja Devi in the 1997 film ''[[Once More (1997 film)|Once More]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 July 2008 |title=Her last years in the industry |url=http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/01slide8.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119141551/http://specials.rediff.com/movies/2008/jul/01slide8.htm |archive-date=19 November 2018 |access-date=26 July 2019 |website=[[Rediff.com]]}}</ref> which Saroja Devi considered a sequel to ''Iruvar Ullam''.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 May 1998 |title=There is no such thing as right talent |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=http://www.goldentamilcinema.net/index.php/sarojadevi/articles-2/15-now-i-have-fans-among-youngsters-too-2 |url-status=live |access-date=26 July 2019 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190726064056/http://www.goldentamilcinema.net/index.php/sarojadevi/articles-2/15-now-i-have-fans-among-youngsters-too-2 |archive-date=26 July 2019}}</ref>
 == References ==
-{{reflist}}
+{{reflist|refs=
+<ref name="Radha">{{Cite web |last=முகில் |date=28 June 2015 |title=எம்.ஆர். ராதா - கலகக்காரனின் கதை! (20) |trans-title=M. R. Radha&nbsp;– The story of a rebel! (20) |url=https://www.dinamalar.com/malarkal/vara-malar-weekly-magazine/mr-radha---the-rebels-story-20/25687 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709104718/https://www.dinamalar.com/supplementary_detail.asp?id=25687&ncat=2 |archive-date=9 July 2021 |access-date=9 July 2021 |website=[[Dinamalar]] |language=ta}}</ref>
+<ref name="hindutamil">{{Cite news |last=ராம்ஜி |first=வி. |date=29 March 2019 |title=இருவர் உள்ளம்&nbsp;– அப்பவே அப்படி கதை&nbsp;– இருவர் உள்ளம் படத்துக்கு 56 வயது! |trans-title=''Iruvar Ullam''&nbsp;– Then itself such a story&nbsp;– The film ''Iruvar Ullam'' turns 56! |url=https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/157994-56.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210705112551/https://www.hindutamil.in/news/cinema/tamil-cinema/157994-56.html |archive-date=5 July 2021 |access-date=5 July 2021 |work=[[Hindu Tamil Thisai]] |language=ta}}</ref>
+<ref name="released">{{Cite news |date=29 March 1963 |title=Iruvar Ullam |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19630329&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=11 November 2018 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |pages=10 |via=[[Google News Archive]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
+<ref name="iruvar">{{Cite magazine |last=அசோக்குமார் |date=22 June 1980 |title=நாவல் படமான போது.. |url=https://archive.org/download/kalki1980-06-22/kalki1980-06-22.pdf |access-date=10 April 2024 |magazine=[[Kalki (magazine)|Kalki]] |pages=60–62 |language=Ta |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
+}}
+== Bibliography ==
+* {{Cite book |last1=Ganesan |first1=Sivaji |title=Autobiography of an Actor: Sivaji Ganesan, October 1928&nbsp;– July 2001 |title-link=Autobiography of an Actor |last2=Narayana Swamy |first2=T. S. |publisher=Sivaji Prabhu Charities Trust |year=2007 |oclc=297212002 |author-link=Sivaji Ganesan |orig-date=2002}}
+* {{Cite book |last=Pillai |first=Swarnavel Eswaran |title=Madras Studios: Narrative, Genre, and Ideology in Tamil Cinema |publisher=[[SAGE Publishing|SAGE Publications]] |year=2015 |isbn=9789351502128}}
+* {{Cite book |last1=Rajadhyaksha |first1=Ashish |title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema |last2=Willemen |first2=Paul |publisher=[[British Film Institute]] and [[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-19-563579-5 |author-link=Ashish Rajadhyaksha |author-link2=Paul Willemen |orig-date=1994}}
 == External links ==
-*{{IMDb title|tt0255263|Iruvar Ullam}}
+*{{IMDb title|tt0255263}}
 {{L. V. Prasad}}
+[[Category:1960s Indian films]]
+[[Category:1960s romance films]]
+[[Category:1960s Tamil-language films]]
 [[Category:1963 films]]
+[[Category:Films based on Tamil novels]]
 [[Category:Films directed by L. V. Prasad]]
-[[Category:Films based on Indian novels]]
+[[Category:Films scored by K. V. Mahadevan]]
-[[Category:Indian films]]
-[[Category:1960s Tamil-language films]]
-[[Category:Tamil film scores by K. V. Mahadevan]]
 [[Category:Films with screenplays by M. Karunanidhi]]
 [[Category:Indian black-and-white films]]
 [[Category:Indian romance films]]
-[[Category:1960s romance films]]
+[[Category:Tamil-language Indian films]]