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{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox election
{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1990 Costa Rica general election
| country = Costa Rica
| flag_year = state
| country = Costa Rica
| type = presidential
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1986 Costa Rican general election
| previous_election = 1986 Costa Rican general election
| previous_year = 1986
| previous_year = 1986
| election_date = {{Start date|1990|02|04|df=y}}
| election_date = {{Start date|1990|02|04|df=y}}
| next_election = Costa Rican general election, 1994
| next_election = 1994 Costa Rican general election
| next_year = 1994
| next_year = 1994
| opinion_polls =
| turnout = 81.8%


| module = {{Infobox election
| module = {{Infobox election
| embed = yes
| embed = yes

| election_name = Presidential election
| election_name = Presidential election
| turnout = 81.81% ({{decrease}}0.01[[percentage point|pp]])


| candidate1 = '''[[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Ángel Calderón]]'''
<!-- Calderón -->
| image1 = R A Calderon.jpg
| candidate1 = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Ángel Calderón]]
| image1 = [[File:R A Calderon.jpg|150x150px]]
| color1 =
| party1 = Social Christian Unity Party
| party1 = Social Christian Unity Party
| popular_vote1 = '''694,589'''
| home_state1 = [[San José Province|San José]]
| percentage1 = '''51.49%'''
| popular_vote1 = 694,589
| percentage1 = 51.5%


| candidate2 = {{ill|Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales|es|lt=Carlos Manuel Castillo}}
<!-- Castillo -->
| image2 = 3x4.svg
| candidate2 = Carlos Manuel Castillo
| image2 = [[File:Papeleta 1990 cropped.png|120x120px]]
| color2 =
| party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
| party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
| home_state2 = [[San José Province|San José]]
| popular_vote2 = 636,701
| popular_vote2 = 636,701
| percentage2 = 47.2%
| percentage2 = 47.20%


| map_image = Resultados 1990 Presidente.svg
<!-- map -->
| map_caption = Results by canton
| map_image = Resultados electorales provinciales 1990.png
| map_size =
| map_alt =
| map =
| map_caption = Provinces won by Calderón


| title = [[President of Costa Rica|President]]
<!-- bottom -->
| before_election = [[Oscar Arias]]
| title = [[President of Costa Rica|President]]
| before_party = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
| before_election = [[Oscar Arias]]
| after_election = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]]
| before_party = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
| after_party = Social Christian Unity Party
| posttitle =
| after_election = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]]
| after_party = Social Christian Unity Party


| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| module = {{Infobox legislative election
| embed =yes
| embed = yes
| election_name = Legislative election
| election_name = Parliamentary election
| results_sec = Results


| seats_for_election = All 57 seats in the [[Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica|Legislative Assembly]]
<!--party1-->
| majority_seats = 29
| party1 = Social Christian Unity Party

| leader1 = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]]
| party1 = Social Christian Unity Party
| percentage1 = 46.2%
| leader1 = [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier|Rafael Ángel Calderón]]
| seats1 = 29
| percentage1 = 46.21
| seats1 = 29
| last_election1 = 25
| last_election1 = 25


| party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
<!--party2-->
| leader2 = {{ill|Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales|es|lt=Carlos Manuel Castillo}}
| party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
| percentage2 = 41.88
| leader2 = [[Carlos Manuel Castillo]]
| percentage2 = 41.9%
| seats2 = 25
| seats2 = 25
| last_election2 = 29
| last_election2 = 29


| party3 = United People (Costa Rica)
<!--party3-->
| leader3 = {{ill|Víctor Daniel Camacho Monge|es|lt=Víctor Daniel Camacho}}
| party3 = United People (Costa Rica)
| percentage3 = 3.31
| leader3 = Víctor Daniel Camacho Monge
| seats3 = 1
| percentage3 =2.4%
| seats3 = 1
| last_election3 = 1
| last_election3 = 0


| party4 = General Union Party
<!--party4-->
| leader4 = Carlos Alberto Fernández
| party5 = Cartago Agrarian Union Party
| percentage4 = 2.42
| leader5 = Juan Guillermo Brenes Castillo
| percentage5 = 1.1%
| seats4 = 1
| seats5 = 1
| last_election4 = 0

| party5 = Cartago Agrarian Union Party
| leader5 = {{ill|Juan Guillermo Brenes|es|Cachimbal}}
| percentage5 = 1.06
| seats5 = 1
| last_election5 = 1
| last_election5 = 1


| map = Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 1990 - Diputados por Provincia.svg
<!--party5-->
| party4 = General Union Party
| map_caption = Results by province
}}}}}}{{Politics of Costa Rica}}
| leader4 = Carlos Alberto Fernández Vega
| percentage4 = 2.4%
| seats4 = 1
| last_election4 = 0
}}
}}
}}
{{Politics of Costa Rica}}


'''General elections''' were held in [[Costa Rica]] on 4 February 1990.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen|Nohlen, D]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]] of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] (PUSC) won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.8%.<ref>Nohlen, p157</ref>
General elections were held in [[Costa Rica]] on 4 February 1990.<ref name=DN>[[Dieter Nohlen]] (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 {{ISBN|978-0-19-928357-6}}</ref> [[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]] of the [[Social Christian Unity Party]] (PUSC) won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.8%.<ref>Nohlen, p157</ref>


Unlike previous elections, Calderon's nomination was not undisputed. Despite expressing that he would not run again for President after the results of the previous race, he was eventually convinced by his followers. Yet, young former minister and business man [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría]] from the [[Liberalism|liberal faction]] inside PUSC choose to face Calderón at the primaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/388096202/Desarrollo-de-las-ideas-filosoficas-en-Costa-Rica|url-status=live|access-date=2019-09-16|last=Láscaris|first=Constantino|title=El desarrollo de las Ideas Filosóficas en Costa Rica|date=1965}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rodríguez: balance final|url=http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2002/abril/28/pais1.html|agency=La Nacion}}</ref> Former deputy José Hine from PUSC's left wing also run with testimonial results.
Unlike previous elections, Calderon's nomination was not undisputed. Despite expressing that he would not run again for President after the results of the previous race, he was eventually convinced by his followers. Yet, young former minister and business man [[Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría]] from the [[Liberalism|liberal faction]] inside PUSC choose to face Calderón at the primaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/388096202/Desarrollo-de-las-ideas-filosoficas-en-Costa-Rica|url-status=live|access-date=2019-09-16|last=Láscaris|first=Constantino|title=El desarrollo de las Ideas Filosóficas en Costa Rica|date=1965|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200830142629/https://www.scribd.com/document/388096202/Desarrollo-de-las-ideas-filosoficas-en-Costa-Rica |archive-date=2020-08-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Rodríguez: balance final|url=http://wvw.nacion.com/ln_ee/2002/abril/28/pais1.html|agency=La Nacion}}</ref> Former deputy José Hine from PUSC's left wing also run with testimonial results.


Despite the fact that Rodríguez clearly had no chance against Calderón, his candidacy was considered a smart move, as he would start to be in the spotlight and helping his way in future nominations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Picado Leon|first1=Hugo|title=Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)|journal=OPAL|url=http://americo.usal.es/oir/Opal/disc/OPAL_CostaRica_Picado.pdf}}</ref> As expected, Calderón won the primary election with 75% of the votes. On the other sidewalk former vice president Carlos Manuel Castillo won over young minister [[Rolando Araya Monge]] (nephew of ex-president [[Luis Alberto Monge]]) in [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]'s primaries after a very hostile and traumatic campaign, in which Castillo even accused Araya of links with [[Narcotraffic]], something that weakened PLN.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fernández|first1=Oscar|title=Costa Rica. La reafirmación del bipartidismo|journal=Revista Nueva Sociedad|volume=No.131|pages= 4–10}}</ref> Minor parties proliferated in this election, with up to 12 different parties taking part, of which only left-wing coalition [[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]] having some relevance with sociologist Victor Daniel Camacho as nominee earning 3% of the votes.
Despite the fact that Rodríguez clearly had no chance against Calderón, his candidacy was considered a smart move, as he would start to be in the spotlight and helping his way in future nominations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Picado Leon|first1=Hugo|title=Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)|journal=OPAL|url=http://americo.usal.es/oir/Opal/disc/OPAL_CostaRica_Picado.pdf}}</ref> As expected, Calderón won the primary election with 75% of the votes. On the other sidewalk former vice president Carlos Manuel Castillo won over young minister [[Rolando Araya Monge]] (nephew of ex-president [[Luis Alberto Monge]]) in [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|PLN]]'s primaries after a very hostile and traumatic campaign, in which Castillo even accused Araya of links with [[Narcotraffic]], something that weakened PLN.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fernández|first1=Oscar|title=Costa Rica. La reafirmación del bipartidismo|journal=Revista Nueva Sociedad|volume=131|pages= 4–10}}</ref> Minor parties proliferated in this election, with up to 12 different parties taking part, of which only left-wing coalition [[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]] having some relevance with sociologist Victor Daniel Camacho as nominee earning 3% of the votes.


==Results==
==Results==
===President===
===President===
{{Election results
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|cand1=[[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]]|party1=[[Social Christian Unity Party]]|votes1=694589
!colspan=2|Candidate
|cand2={{ill|Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales|es}}|party2=[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]]|votes2=636701
!Party
|cand3={{ill|Víctor Daniel Camacho Monge|es}}|party3=[[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]]|votes3=9217
!Votes
|cand4=Fernando Ramírez Muñoz|party4={{ill|Christian National Alliance Party|es|Alianza Nacional Cristiana}}|votes4=4209
!%
|cand5=[[Isaac Felipe Azofeifa]]|party5=[[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]]|votes5=2547
|-
|cand6=Edwin Badilla Agüero|party6=[[Militant Workers Revolutionary Party]]|votes6=1005|color6=darkred
|style=background-color:#0000BF| ||align=left|[[Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier]]||align=left|[[Social Christian Unity Party]]||694,851||51.51
|cand7=Rodrigo Alberto Cordero|party7={{ill|Independent Party (Costa Rica)|es|Partido Independiente (Costa Rica)|lt=Independent Party}}|votes7=746
|-
|invalid=29919
|style=background-color:#008024| ||align=left|Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales||align=left|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]]||636,701||47.20
|blank=5393
|-
|electorate=1692050
|style=background-color:#E31717| ||align=left|Victor Daniel Camacho Monge||align=left|[[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]]||8,958||0.66
|source=[http://www.electionresources.org/cr/president.php?election=1990&province= Election Resources]
|-
}}
|style=background-color:sienna| ||align=left|Fernando Ramírez Muñoz||align=left|Christian National Alliance<sup>[[:es:Alianza Nacional Cristiana|es]]</sup>||4,210||0.31
|-
|style=background-color:#FF5E00| ||align=left|[[Isaac Felipe Azofeifa|Isaac Felipe Azofeifa Bolaños]]||align=left|[[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]]||2,547||0.19
|-
|style=background-color:darkred| ||align=left|Edwin Badilla Agüero||align=left|[[Militant Workers Revolutionary Party]]||1,001||0.07
|-
|style=background-color:#78946E| ||align=left|Rodrigo Alberto Cordero Víquez||align=left|Independent Party||746||0.06
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Invalid/blank votes||35,312||–
|-
|align=left colspan=3|'''Total'''||'''1,384,326'''||'''100'''
|-
|align=left colspan=3|Registered voters/turnout||1,692,050||81.81
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: Nohlen; [http://atlaselectoral.tse.go.cr/presidencial/1990/area TSE]
|}


====By province====
====By province====
Line 142: Line 110:
!width=60px| Cordero %
!width=60px| Cordero %
|-
|-
!style="background:#0000BF"|
!style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}"|
!style="background:#008024"|
!style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}"|
!style="background:#E31717"|
!style="background:{{party color|United People (Costa Rica)}}"|
!style="background:sienna"|
!style="background:saddlebrown"|
!style="background:#FF5E00"|
!style="background:{{party color|Democratic Force (Costa Rica)}}"|
!style="background:darkred"|
!style="background:darkred"|
!style="background:#78946E"|
!style="background:{{party color|Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"|
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|San José}}
| align="left"| {{flag|San José}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 49.39
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 49.39
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 49.25
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 49.25
| 0.75
| 0.75
Line 160: Line 128:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Alajuela}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Alajuela}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 51.41
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 51.41
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 47.59
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 47.59
| 0.43
| 0.43
Line 169: Line 137:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Cartago}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Cartago}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 50.37
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 50.37
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 48.57
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 48.57
| 0.53
| 0.53
Line 178: Line 146:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Heredia}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Heredia}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 50.76
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 50.76
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 47.79
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 47.79
| 0.73
| 0.73
Line 187: Line 155:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{nowrap|{{flag|Guanacaste}}}}
| align="left"| {{nowrap|{{flag|Guanacaste}}}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 52.72
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 52.72
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 46.39
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 46.39
| 0.44
| 0.44
Line 196: Line 164:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Puntarenas}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Puntarenas}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 56.21
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 56.21
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 42.24
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 42.24
| 0.82
| 0.82
Line 205: Line 173:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Limón}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Limón}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 60.82
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 60.82
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 37.07
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 37.07
| 1.06
| 1.06
Line 214: Line 182:
|- style="background:#CDCDCD;"
|- style="background:#CDCDCD;"
| align="left"| '''Total'''
| align="left"| '''Total'''
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 51.51
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 51.51
| 47.20
| 47.20
| 0.66
| 0.66
Line 222: Line 190:
| 0.06
| 0.06
|}
|}
{{bar box
| title=Popular Vote
| titlebar=#ddd
| width=500px
| barwidth=300px
| bars=
{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000BF|51.51}}
{{bar percent|National Liberation|#228B22|47.20}}
{{bar percent|United People|#E31717|0.66}}
{{bar percent|Christ. Nat. Alliance|sienna|0.31}}
{{bar percent|of Progress|#FF5E00|0.19}}
{{bar percent|Militant Workers'|darkred|0.07}}
{{bar percent|Independent|#78946E|0.06}}
}}


===Parliament===
===Parliament===
{{Election results
{{bar box
|image=[[File:Costa Rica_Legislative Assembly_Parliament_1990.svg]]
| title=Popular Vote
|party1=[[Social Christian Unity Party]]|votes1=617478|seats1=29|sc1=+4
| titlebar=#ddd
|party2=[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]]|votes2=559632|seats2=25|sc2=–4
| float=right
|party3=[[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]]|votes3=44161|seats3=1|sc3=0
| width=500px
|party4={{ill|General Union Party|es|Partido Unión Generaleña}}|votes4=32307|seats4=1|sc4=+1
| barwidth=300px
|party5={{ill|Christian National Alliance Party|es|Alianza Nacional Cristiana}}|votes5=22149|seats5=0|sc5=0
| bars=
|party6=[[Cartago Agrarian Union Party]]|votes6=14190|seats6=1|sc6=0
{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000BF|46.21}}
|party7=[[National Independent Party (Costa Rica)|National Independent Party]]|votes7=10635|seats7=0|sc7=New
{{bar percent|National Liberation|#228B22|41.88}}
|party8=[[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]]|votes8=7733|seats8=0|sc8=New
{{bar percent|United People|#E31717|3.31}}
|party9=Alajuelense Solidarity Party|votes9=7330|seats9=0|sc9=0
{{bar percent|Generaleña Union|#FFEA94|2.42}}
|party10={{ill|Independent Party (Costa Rica)|es|Partido Independiente (Costa Rica)|lt=Independent Party}}|votes10=5564|seats10=0|sc10=0
{{bar percent|Christian Nat. Alliance|sienna|1.66}}
|party11=[[Authentic Limonense Party]]|votes11=4901|seats11=0|sc11=0
{{bar percent|Cartago Agrarian Union|darkorchid|1.06}}
|party12=[[Agrarian Labour Action Party]]|votes12=4756|seats12=0|sc12=New
{{bar percent|Other|grey|3.46}}
|party13={{ill|National Agrarian Party (Costa Rica)|es|Partido Agrario Nacional|lt=National Agrarian Party}}|votes13=4594|seats13=0|sc13=New
|party14=[[Militant Workers Revolutionary Party]]|votes14=742|seats14=0|sc14=New|color14=darkred
|invalid=32723
|blank=15061
|total_sc=0
|electorate=1692050
|source=[http://www.electionresources.org/cr/deputies.php?election=1990&province= Election Resources]
}}
}}

{{bar box
| title=Seats
| titlebar=#ddd
| float=right
| width=500px
| barwidth=300px
| bars=
{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000BF|50.87}}
{{bar percent|National Liberation|#228B22|43.86}}
{{bar percent|United People|#E31717|1.75}}
{{bar percent|Generaleña Union|#FFEA94|1.75}}
{{bar percent|Cartago Agrarian Union|darkorchid|1.75}}
}}
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:right
|colspan=6|[[File:Costa Rica_Legislative Assembly_Parliament_1990.svg|center]]
|-
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
!+/–
|-
|bgcolor=#0000BF| ||align=left|[[Social Christian Unity Party]]||617,478||46.21|||29||style="color:green;"| +4
|-
|bgcolor=#008024| ||align=left|[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]]||559,632||41.88|||25||style="color:red;"| -4
|-
|bgcolor=#e31717| ||align=left|[[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]]||44,161||3.31|||1||0
|-
|bgcolor=#FFEA94| ||align=left|General Union Party<sup>[[:es:Partido Unión Generaleña|es]]</sup>||32,307||2.42|||1||style="color:green;"| +1
|-
|bgcolor=sienna| ||align=left|Christian National Alliance<sup>[[:es:Alianza Nacional Cristiana|es]]</sup>||22,149||1.66||0||0
|-
|bgcolor=darkorchid| ||align=left|[[Cartago Agrarian Union Party]]||14,190||1.06||1||0
|-
|bgcolor=#6B2AB5| ||align=left|National Independent Party<sup>[[:es:Partido Nacional Independiente (Costa Rica)|es]]</sup>||10,635||0.80||0||0
|-
|bgcolor=#FF5E00| ||align=left|[[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]]||7,733||0.58|||0||New
|-
|bgcolor=#D41C00| ||align=left|Alajuelense Solidarity Party||7,330||0.55||0||0
|-
|bgcolor=#78946E| ||align=left|Independent Party||5,564||0.42||0||0
|-
|bgcolor=#66cc33| ||align=left|[[Limonese Authentic Party]]||4,901||0.37||0||0
|-
|bgcolor=#8f5100| ||align=left|[[Agrarian Labour Action Party]]||4,756||0.36||0||New
|-
|bgcolor=#FCFFC4| ||align=left|National Agrarian Party||4,594||0.34|||0||New
|-
|bgcolor=darkred| ||align=left|[[Militant Workers Revolutionary Party]]||742||0.06||0||New
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||47,784||–||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=2|'''Total'''||'''1,384,326'''||'''100'''||'''57'''||'''0'''
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||1,692,050||81.81||–||–
|-
|align=left colspan=6|Source: [http://www.tse.go.cr/ TSE]; [http://www.electionresources.org/cr/deputies.php?election=1990&province= Election Resources]
|}


====By province====
====By province====
Line 326: Line 228:
! colspan="2" width="30px"| Others
! colspan="2" width="30px"| Others
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:#0000bf"|
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#008024"|
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)}}"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#e31717"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#e31717"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#FFEA94"|
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|General Union Party}}"|
! colspan="2" style="background:sienna"|
! colspan="2" style="background:saddlebrown"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#6B2AB5"|
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Independent Party (Costa Rica)}}"|
! colspan="2" style="background:#FF5E00"|
! colspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Force (Costa Rica)}}"|
! colspan="2" style="background:grey"|
! colspan="2" style="background:grey"|
|-
|-
Line 353: Line 255:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|San José}}
| align="left"| {{flag|San José}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 44.41
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 44.41
|'''10'''
|'''10'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 43.08
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 43.08
Line 371: Line 273:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Alajuela}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Alajuela}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 46.90
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 46.90
|'''5'''
|'''5'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 43.47
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 43.47
Line 389: Line 291:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Cartago}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Cartago}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 43.22
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 43.22
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 40.71
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 40.71
Line 407: Line 309:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Heredia}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Heredia}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 46.87
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 46.87
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 42.91
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 42.91
Line 425: Line 327:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Guanacaste}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Guanacaste}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 50.52
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 50.52
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 46.12
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 46.12
Line 443: Line 345:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Puntarenas}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Puntarenas}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 49.87
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 49.87
|'''3'''
|'''3'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 38.30
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 38.30
Line 461: Line 363:
|-
|-
| align="left"| {{flag|Limón}}
| align="left"| {{flag|Limón}}
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 50.14
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 50.14
|'''2'''
|'''2'''
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 29.44
| style="background:#66B27B; color:white;"| 29.44
Line 479: Line 381:
|- style="background:#CDCDCD;"
|- style="background:#CDCDCD;"
| align="left"| '''Total'''
| align="left"| '''Total'''
| style="background:#0000bf; color:white;"| 46.21
| style="background:{{party color|Social Christian Unity Party}}; color:white;"| 46.21
|'''29'''
|'''29'''
| 41.88
| 41.88
Line 498: Line 400:


===Local governments===
===Local governments===
{{Election results
{{bar box
|seattype1=Alderpeople|seattype2=+/–|seattype3=Municipal<br>syndics|seattype4=+/–
| title=Alderpeople
|party1=[[Social Christian Unity Party]]|votes1=623021|st1t1=274|st2t1=+42|st3t1=265|st4t1=+151
| titlebar=#ddd
|party2=[[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]]|votes2=569974|st1t2=232|st2t2=–28|st3t2=161|st4t2=–145
| float= right
|party3=[[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]]|votes3=44765|st1t3=6|st2t3=+3|st3t3=0|st4t3=0
| width=450px
|party4={{ill|General Union Party|es|Partido Unión Generaleña}}|votes4=28243|st1t4=4|st2t4=+2|st3t4=0|st4t4=0
| barwidth=250px
|party5={{ill|Christian National Alliance Party|es|Alianza Nacional Cristiana}}|votes5=17411|st1t5=2|st2t5=+2|st3t5=0|st4t5=0
| bars=
|party6=[[National Independent Party (Costa Rica)|National Independent Party]]|votes6=12836|st1t6=0|st2t6=0|st3t6=0|st4t6=0
{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000bf|52.09}}
|party7=[[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]]|votes7=7815|st1t7=0|st2t7=New|st3t7=0|st4t7=New
{{bar percent|National Liberation|#228B22|44.11}}
|party8=[[Agrarian Labour Action Party]]|votes8=5444|st1t8=3|st2t8=New|st3t8=0|st4t8=New
{{bar percent|United People|#E31717|1.14}}
|party9=Alajuelense Solidarity Party|votes9=5298|st1t9=0|st2t9=–1|st3t9=0|st4t9=0
{{bar percent|General Union|#FFEA94|0.76}}
|party10={{ill|National Agrarian Party (Costa Rica)|es|Partido Agrario Nacional|lt=National Agrarian Party}}|votes10=5017|st1t10=2|st2t10=New|st3t10=0|st4t10=New
{{bar percent|Regionalist|#cfcfcf|0.76}}
|party11={{ill|Independent Party (Costa Rica)|es|Partido Independiente (Costa Rica)|lt=Independent Party}}|votes11=4492|st1t11=1|st2t11=+1|st3t11=0|st4t11=0
{{bar percent|Christian Nat. Alliance|sienna|0.38}}
|party12=[[Authentic Limonense Party]]|votes12=3744|st1t12=1|st2t12=0|st3t12=0|st4t12=0
{{bar percent|Independent|#78946E|0.38}}
|party13=[[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]]|votes13=2221|st1t13=0|st2t13=New|st3t13=0|st4t13=New
|party14=New Alajuelita Party|votes14=2012|st1t14=1|st2t14=0|st3t14=0|st4t14=0
|party15=Humanist Party|votes15=1929|st1t15=0|st2t15=New|st3t15=0|st4t15=New|color15=orange
|total_st2t=+22|total_st4t=+6
|invalid=49520
|electorate=1691689
|source=TSE<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlaselectoral.tse.go.cr/regiduria/1990/area |title=Elecciones Regidurías 1990 |language=Spanish |website=tse.go.cr |publisher=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>
}}
}}
{{bar box
| title=Municipal Syndics
| titlebar=#ddd
| float= right
| width=450px
| barwidth=250px
| bars=
{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000bf|62.21}}
{{bar percent|National Liberation|#228B22|37.79}}
}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size:97%;"
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! style="text-align:centre;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="250"| Parties
! colspan="3"| Popular vote
! colspan="2"| Alderpeople
! colspan="2"| Municipal Syndics
|- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center"
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
! width="50"| ±[[Percentage point|pp]]
! width="50"| Total
! width="50"| +/-
! width="50"| Total
! width="50"| +/-
|-
| bgcolor="#0000bf"|
| align="left"| [[Social Christian Unity Party]] (PUSC)
| 623,021 || 46.70 || style="color:green;"| +3.44
| 274 || style="color:green;"| +42 || 265 || style="color:green;"| +151
|-
| bgcolor="#008024"|
| align="left"| [[National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)|National Liberation Party]] (PLN)
| 569,974 || 42.72 || style="color:red;"| -6.54
| 232 || style="color:red;"| -28 || 161 || style="color:red;"| -145
|-
| bgcolor="#E31717"|
| align="left"| [[United People (Costa Rica)|United People]] (PU)
| 44,765 || 3.36 || style="color:green;"| +0.55
| 6 || style="color:green;"| +3 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#FFEA94"|
| align="left"| Generaleña Union Party (PUG)
| 28,243 || 2.12 || style="color:green;"| +1.75
| 4 || style="color:green;"| +2 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="sienna"|
| align="left"| Christian National Alliance<sup>[[:es:Alianza Nacional Cristiana|es]]</sup> (ANC)
| 17,411|| 1.30 || style="color:green;"| +1.30
| 2 || style="color:green;"| +2 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#6B2AB5"|
| align="left"| National Independent Party (PNI)
| 12,836 || 0.96 || style="color:green;"| +0.96
| 0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#FF5E00"|
| align="left"| [[Democratic Force (Costa Rica)|Party of Progress]] (PdP)
| 7,815 || 0.59 || ''New''
| 0 || ''New'' || 0 || ''New''
|-
| bgcolor="#8f5100"|
| align="left"| [[Agrarian Labour Action Party]] (PALA)
| 5,444 || 0.41 || ''New''
| 3 || ''New'' || 0 || ''New''
|-
| bgcolor="#D41C00"|
| align="left"| Alajuelense Solidarity Party (PSA)
| 5,298 || 0.40 || style="color:red;"| -0.07
| 0 || style="color:red;"| -1 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#FCFFC4"|
| align="left"| National Agrarian Party (PAN)
| 5,017 || 0.38 || ''New''
| 2 || ''New'' || 0 || ''New''
|-
| bgcolor="#78946E"|
| align="left"| Independent Party (PI)
| 4,492 || 0.34 || style="color:green;"| +0.28
| 1 || style="color:green;"| +1 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#66cc33"|
| align="left"| [[Limonese Authentic Party|Limonense Authentic Party]] (PAL)
| 3,744 || 0.28 || style="color:green;"| +0.08
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="#013D83"|
| align="left"| [[National Union Party (Costa Rica)|National Union Party]] (PUN)
| 2,221 || 0.17 || ''New''
| 0 || ''New'' || 0 || ''New''
|-
| bgcolor="yellow"|
| align="left"| New Alajuelita Party (PALNU)
| 2,012 || 0.15 || style="color:green;"| +0.04
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
| bgcolor="orange"|
| align="left"| Humanist Party (PH)
| 1,929 || 0.14 || ''New''
| 0 || ''New'' || 0 || ''New''
|-
| colspan="15" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Total
| 1,334,222 || 100.00 || - || 526 || +22 || 426 || +6
|-
| colspan="15" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Invalid votes
| 49,520 || 3.58 || bgcolor="#E9E9E9" rowspan= "4" colspan="5"|
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
| align="left" colspan="2"| Votes cast / turnout
| 1,383,742 || 81.80
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| Abstentions
| 307,947 || 18.20
|- style="font-weight:bold;"
|-
| align="left" colspan="2"| '''Registered voters'''
| '''1,691,689''' || '''100%'''
|-
| colspan="9" bgcolor="#E9E9E9"|
|-
| align="left" colspan="9"| Sources<ref>{{cite web |url=http://atlaselectoral.tse.go.cr/regiduria/1990/area |title=Elecciones Regidurías 1990 |language=Spanish |website=tse.go.cr |publisher=Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones |access-date= 21 May 2020}}</ref>
|-
| align="left" colspan="9"|
|}

==Ballot==


<gallery>
File:Papeleta 1990.jpg
</gallery>
==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
Line 651: Line 428:
{{Costa Rican elections}}
{{Costa Rican elections}}


[[Category:1990 elections in Central America]]
[[Category:1990 elections in Central America|Costa]]
[[Category:1990 in Costa Rica]]
[[Category:1990 in Costa Rica|General]]
[[Category:Elections in Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Parliamentary elections in Costa Rica]]
[[Category:Presidential elections in Costa Rica]]

Latest revision as of 17:50, 25 December 2024

1990 Costa Rican general election
← 1986 4 February 1990 (1990-02-04) 1994 →
Presidential election
Turnout81.81% (Decrease0.01pp)
 
Candidate Rafael Ángel Calderón Carlos Manuel Castillo [es]
Party PUSC PLN
Popular vote 694,589 636,701
Percentage 51.49% 47.20%
Results by canton
President before election

Oscar Arias
PLN

Elected President

Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier
PUSC

Parliamentary election
All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly
29 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
PUSC Rafael Ángel Calderón 46.21 29 +4
PLN Carlos Manuel Castillo [es] 41.88 25 −4
PU Víctor Daniel Camacho [es] 3.31 1 0
PUGEN Carlos Alberto Fernández 2.42 1 +1
PUAC Juan Guillermo Brenes [es] 1.06 1 0
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results by province
Politics of Costa Rica
Constitution
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
flag Costa Rica portal

General elections were held in Costa Rica on 4 February 1990.[1] Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier of the Social Christian Unity Party (PUSC) won the presidential election, whilst his party also won the parliamentary election. Voter turnout was 81.8%.[2]

Unlike previous elections, Calderon's nomination was not undisputed. Despite expressing that he would not run again for President after the results of the previous race, he was eventually convinced by his followers. Yet, young former minister and business man Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Echeverría from the liberal faction inside PUSC choose to face Calderón at the primaries.[3][4] Former deputy José Hine from PUSC's left wing also run with testimonial results.

Despite the fact that Rodríguez clearly had no chance against Calderón, his candidacy was considered a smart move, as he would start to be in the spotlight and helping his way in future nominations.[5] As expected, Calderón won the primary election with 75% of the votes. On the other sidewalk former vice president Carlos Manuel Castillo won over young minister Rolando Araya Monge (nephew of ex-president Luis Alberto Monge) in PLN's primaries after a very hostile and traumatic campaign, in which Castillo even accused Araya of links with Narcotraffic, something that weakened PLN.[6] Minor parties proliferated in this election, with up to 12 different parties taking part, of which only left-wing coalition United People having some relevance with sociologist Victor Daniel Camacho as nominee earning 3% of the votes.

Results

[edit]

President

[edit]
CandidatePartyVotes%
Rafael Ángel Calderón FournierSocial Christian Unity Party694,58951.49
Carlos Manuel Castillo Morales [es]National Liberation Party636,70147.20
Víctor Daniel Camacho Monge [es]United People9,2170.68
Fernando Ramírez MuñozChristian National Alliance Party [es]4,2090.31
Isaac Felipe AzofeifaParty of Progress2,5470.19
Edwin Badilla AgüeroMilitant Workers Revolutionary Party1,0050.07
Rodrigo Alberto CorderoIndependent Party [es]7460.06
Total1,349,014100.00
Valid votes1,349,01497.45
Invalid votes29,9192.16
Blank votes5,3930.39
Total votes1,384,326100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,692,05081.81
Source: Election Resources

By province

[edit]
Province Calderón % Castillo % Camacho % Ramírez % Azofeifa% Badilla % Cordero %
 San José 49.39 49.25 0.75 0.28 0.22 0.06 0.05
 Alajuela 51.41 47.59 0.43 0.32 0.15 0.06 0.05
 Cartago 50.37 48.57 0.53 0.20 0.19 0.08 0.06
 Heredia 50.76 47.79 0.73 0.36 0.25 0.05 0.05
 Guanacaste 52.72 46.39 0.44 0.24 0.09 0.07 0.05
 Puntarenas 56.21 42.24 0.82 0.40 0.15 0.11 0.07
 Limón 60.82 37.07 1.06 0.58 0.16 0.21 0.11
Total 51.51 47.20 0.66 0.31 0.19 0.07 0.06

Parliament

[edit]
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Social Christian Unity Party617,47846.2129+4
National Liberation Party559,63241.8825–4
United People44,1613.3110
General Union Party [es]32,3072.421+1
Christian National Alliance Party [es]22,1491.6600
Cartago Agrarian Union Party14,1901.0610
National Independent Party10,6350.800New
Party of Progress7,7330.580New
Alajuelense Solidarity Party7,3300.5500
Independent Party [es]5,5640.4200
Authentic Limonense Party4,9010.3700
Agrarian Labour Action Party4,7560.360New
National Agrarian Party [es]4,5940.340New
Militant Workers Revolutionary Party7420.060New
Total1,336,172100.00570
Valid votes1,336,17296.55
Invalid votes32,7232.36
Blank votes15,0611.09
Total votes1,383,956100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,692,05081.79
Source: Election Resources

By province

[edit]
Province PUSC PLN PU PUGEN ANC PNI PdP Others
% S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S
 San José 44.41 10 43.08 9 4.50 1 3.77 1 1.86 0 0.91 0 0.70 0 0.84 0
 Alajuela 46.90 5 43.47 5 1.43 0 0.55 0 1.41 0 0.46 0 0.39 0 5.39 0
 Cartago 43.22 3 40.71 2 2.71 0 1.58 0 0.95 0 0.85 0 0.54 0 9.44 1
 Heredia 46.87 3 42.91 2 4.38 0 1.84 0 1.75 0 0.80 0 1.16 0 0.29 0
 Guanacaste 50.52 3 46.12 2 1.00 0 0.57 0 0.97 0 0.61 0 0.10 0 0.11 0
 Puntarenas 49.87 3 38.30 3 2.96 0 4.60 0 2.30 0 1.24 0 0.33 0 0.39 0
 Limón 50.14 2 29.44 2 4.11 0 0.62 0 2.18 0 0.51 0 0.53 0 12.47 0
Total 46.21 29 41.88 25 3.31 1 2.42 1 1.66 0 0.80 0 0.58 0 3.14 1

Local governments

[edit]
PartyVotes%Seats
Alderpeople+/–Municipal
syndics		+/–
Social Christian Unity Party623,02146.70274+42265+151
National Liberation Party569,97442.72232–28161–145
United People44,7653.366+300
General Union Party [es]28,2432.124+200
Christian National Alliance Party [es]17,4111.302+200
National Independent Party12,8360.960000
Party of Progress7,8150.590New0New
Agrarian Labour Action Party5,4440.413New0New
Alajuelense Solidarity Party5,2980.400–100
National Agrarian Party [es]5,0170.382New0New
Independent Party [es]4,4920.341+100
Authentic Limonense Party3,7440.281000
National Union Party2,2210.170New0New
New Alajuelita Party2,0120.151000
Humanist Party1,9290.140New0New
Total1,334,222100.00526+22426+6
Valid votes1,334,22296.42
Invalid/blank votes49,5203.58
Total votes1,383,742100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,691,68981.80
Source: TSE[7]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p155 ISBN 978-0-19-928357-6
  2. ^ Nohlen, p157
  3. ^ Láscaris, Constantino (1965). "El desarrollo de las Ideas Filosóficas en Costa Rica". Archived from the original on 30 August 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Rodríguez: balance final". La Nacion.
  5. ^ Picado Leon, Hugo. "Proceso de selección de candid atos a presidente y diputados en el PLN y el PUSC (1990-2006)" (PDF). OPAL.
  6. ^ Fernández, Oscar. "Costa Rica. La reafirmación del bipartidismo". Revista Nueva Sociedad. 131: 4–10.
  7. ^ "Elecciones Regidurías 1990". tse.go.cr (in Spanish). Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
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