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{{Short description|2008 wuxia film}}
{{Other uses|Forbidden Kingdom (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Forbidden Kingdom (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2016}}
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* [[Jackie Chan]]
* [[Jackie Chan]]
* [[Jet Li]]
* [[Jet Li]]
⚫
* [[Michael Angarano]]
* [[Collin Chou]]
* [[Collin Chou]]
* [[Liu Yifei]]
* [[Liu Yifei]]
* [[Li Bingbing]]
* [[Li Bingbing]]
⚫
* [[Michael Angarano]]
}}
}}
| music = [[David Buckley]]
| music = [[David Buckley]]
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}}
}}
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
| distributor = {{Plainlist|
* [[Lions Gate Entertainment|Lionsgate]]
* [[Lionsgate Films|Lionsgate]]
* [[The Weinstein Company]]
* [[The Weinstein Company]] (United States)
* [[Huaxia Film Distribution]] (China)<ref name="BOM" />
}}
}}
| released = {{Film date|2008|04|18|United States|2008|04|24|Hong Kong}}
| released = {{Film date|2008|04|18|United States|2008|04|24|China}}
| runtime = 104 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 104:08--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/forbidden-kingdom-film | title=''The Forbidden Kingdom'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=April 23, 2008 | accessdate=September 21, 2016}}</ref>
| runtime = 104 minutes<!--Theatrical runtime: 104:08--><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/releases/forbidden-kingdom-film | title=''The Forbidden Kingdom'' (12A) | work=[[British Board of Film Classification]] | date=April 23, 2008 | access-date=September 21, 2016}}</ref>
| country = {{Plainlist|
| country = {{Plainlist|
* United States
* United States
* China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/AbbrView.aspx?s=&Movie=64646|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=The Forbidden Kingdom|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c9e4462|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716184118/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c9e4462|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 16, 2012|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|title=The Forbidden Kingdom|accessdate=May 28, 2015}}</ref>
* China<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/AbbrView.aspx?s=&Movie=64646|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|title=The Forbidden Kingdom|access-date=May 28, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c9e4462|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716184118/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b8c9e4462|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 16, 2012|publisher=[[British Film Institute]]|title=The Forbidden Kingdom|access-date=May 28, 2015}}</ref>
}}
}}
| language = {{Plainlist|
| language = {{Plainlist|
* English
* English
* Mandarin}}
* Mandarin
* Cantonese}}
| budget = $55 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1117983914?refcatid=19&printerfriendly=true|title='Forbidden Kingdom' a global affair|last=Frater|first=Patrick|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]|date=April 11, 2008|accessdate=October 8, 2011}}</ref>
| budget = $55 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2008/film/asia/forbidden-kingdom-a-global-affair-1117983914/|title='Forbidden Kingdom' a global affair|last=Frater|first=Patrick|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Reed Business Information]]|date=April 11, 2008|access-date=October 8, 2011}}</ref>
| gross = $128 million
| gross = $128 million
}}
}}
'''''The Forbidden Kingdom''''' ({{zh|c=功夫之王}}: ''Gong Fu Zhi Wang'' ([[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]) or ''Gung Fu Ji Wong'' ([[Cantonese]]) and translated ''King of Kung Fu'' ([[English language|English]]); [[Working title]]: ''The J & J Project''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/22/movies/21018111&sec=movies |title=Yin and yang |last=Yan |first=Seto Kit |date=April 22, 2008 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |accessdate=March 12, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423044026/http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F4%2F22%2Fmovies%2F21018111&sec=movies |archivedate=April 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>) is a 2008 [[wuxia]] film written by [[John Fusco]], and directed by [[Rob Minkoff]], and starring [[Jackie Chan]] and [[Jet Li]]. Loosely based on the 16th century novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'', it is the first film to co-star Jackie Chan and Jet Li. The [[Stage combat|action sequences]] were choreographed by [[Yuen Woo-ping]].
'''''The Forbidden Kingdom''''' ({{zh|c=功夫之王}}: ''Gong Fu Zhi Wang'' ([[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]]) or ''Gung Fu Ji Wong'' ([[Cantonese]]) and translated ''King of Kung Fu'' ([[English language|English]]); [[Working title]]: ''The J & J Project''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2008/4/22/movies/21018111&sec=movies |title=Yin and yang |last=Yan |first=Seto Kit |date=April 22, 2008 |work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=March 12, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423044026/http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2008%2F4%2F22%2Fmovies%2F21018111&sec=movies |archive-date=April 23, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref>) is a 2008 [[fantasy film|fantasy]] [[wuxia]] film<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.altfg.com/the-forbidden-kingdom-box-office/ | title=The Forbidden Kingdom Box Office: Chan + Li Wuxia Underwhelms }}</ref><ref>https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1369&context=honors-theses</ref> written by [[John Fusco]] and directed by [[Rob Minkoff]], starring [[Jackie Chan]], [[Jet Li]], [[Michael Angarano]], [[Liu Yifei]], [[Collin Chou]], and [[Li Bingbing]]. Loosely based on the 16th-century Chinese novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'', the plot revolves around Jason Tripitikas (Angarano), a modern-day American teenager who is transported back to ancient China after discovering the [[Monkey King]]'s magical staff. He accompanies [[Lu Yan]] / Old Hop (Chan) and [[Monkey King|Sun Wukong]] / Silent Monk (Li) on their quest to return the staff to its rightful owner while trying to avoid the minions of the evil [[Jade Emperor]] (Chou). The [[Stage combat|action sequences]] were choreographed by [[Yuen Woo-ping]].


The film is distributed in the United States through [[Lions Gate Entertainment|Lionsgate]] and [[The Weinstein Company]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ib191236ae685199ee357b2613f8f2228|title=Hollywood Reporter – Entertainment News|website=The Hollywood Reporter|accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and through The Huayi Brothers Film & Taihe Investment Company in [[People's Republic of China|China]]. It was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] in the US and Hong Kong on September 9, 2008 and the [[United Kingdom]] on November 17, 2008. Upon release, the film received mixed critical reception. Many criticized the overuse of effects and visuals as well as the screenplay. However, the cast, direction, action sequences, choreography, and Li's and Chan's performances received the highest praise. In addition, ''The Forbidden Kingdom'' was a commercial success, grossing $128 million against a budget of only $55 million.
The film is regarded as the first coproduction helmed by an American director to make a primarily English-language wuxia genre film set in a pre-modern China for a global audience.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myXXqpee_XQC&dq=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Chinese+Cinemas+%7C%C2%A0The+Forbidden+Kingdom+%7C+Wuxia&pg=PA178 | title=The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Cinemas | isbn=978-0-19-976560-7 | last1=Rojas | first1=Carlos | last2=Chow | first2=Eileen | date=April 25, 2013 | publisher=Oup USA }}</ref> Heavily promoted as the first film starring both Chan and Li,<ref>http://www.china.org.cn/entertainment/2008-03/19/content_13081465.htm</ref> it was distributed in the United States through [[Lions Gate Entertainment|Lionsgate]] and [[The Weinstein Company]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/hr/content_display/film/news/e3ib191236ae685199ee357b2613f8f2228|title=Hollywood Reporter – Entertainment News|website=The Hollywood Reporter|access-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref> and through The Huayi Brothers Film & Taihe Investment Company in [[People's Republic of China|China]]. ''The Forbidden Kingdom'' grossed $128 million against a budget of $55 million.


==Plot==
==Plot==
[[South Boston, Boston|South Boston]] teenager Jason [[Tang Sanzang|Tripitikas]] is a fan of [[martial arts film]]s and awakens from a dream of a battle between the [[Sun Wukong|Monkey King]] and celestial soldiers in the clouds. He visits a [[pawn shop]] in [[Chinatown]] to buy [[wuxia]] DVDs and discovers a golden [[Jingu Bang|staff]]. On his way home, Tripitikas is harassed by some hooligans, whose leader Lupo attempts to use him to help them rob the shop-owner Hop, who is shot by Lupo. Hop tells Tripitikas to deliver the staff to its rightful owner and Tripitikas flees with the staff. He is cornered on the rooftop before being pulled off the roof by the staff.
In [[South Boston, Boston|South Boston]], [[martial arts film]] fan Jason Tripitikas dreams of a battle between [[Monkey King|Sun Wukong]] and celestial soldiers in the clouds. He visits a [[pawn shop]] in [[Chinatown]] to buy [[wuxia]] DVDs and discovers a golden [[Jingu Bang|staff]]. On his way home, Jason is harassed by some hooligans, whose leader Lupo attempts to use him to help them rob the shop’s owner Hop, who is shot by Lupo. Hop tells Jason to deliver the staff to its rightful owner and Jason flees with it. He is cornered on the rooftop before being pulled off the roof by the staff.


When Tripitikas regains consciousness, he finds himself in a village in [[History of China|ancient China]] that is under attack by armored soldiers. The soldiers see his staff and attempt to seize it. He is saved by the inebriated traveling scholar [[Lü Dongbin|Lu Yan]], a supposed "immortal," who remains alert and agile even when drunk. Lu tells him the story of the rivalry between the Monkey King and the Jade Warlord. The Warlord tricked the King into setting aside his magic staff, [[Ruyi Jingu Bang]], and transformed the immortal into a stone statue, but the King cast his staff far away before the transformation. Lu ends the tale with a prophecy about a "Seeker" who will find the staff and free the King. Just then, they are attacked by the Warlord's men again, but manage to escape with the help of Golden Sparrow, a young woman. She reveals that her family was murdered by the Warlord, against whom she has sworn revenge.
When Jason regains consciousness, he finds himself in an [[History of China|ancient Chinese]] village under attack by soldiers. They attempt to seize his staff, but he is saved by the inebriated traveling scholar [[Lü Dongbin|Lu Yan]], a supposed "immortal", who remains alert and agile even when drunk.


Lu tells him the story of the rivalry between the Monkey King and the Jade Warlord, who tricked the King into setting aside his magic staff, [[Ruyi Jingu Bang]], and transformed him into a stone statue, but the King cast his staff far away before the transformation. Lu ends the tale with a prophecy about a "Seeker" who will find the staff and free the King. Just then, they are attacked by the Warlord's men again, but manage to escape with the help of Golden Sparrow, a young woman whose family was murdered by the Warlord.
Meanwhile, the Warlord, upon learning about the staff, sends the witch [[List of Baifa Monü Zhuan characters#Main characters|Ni-Chang]] to help him retrieve it in exchange for the elixir of immortality. Tripitikas, Lu and Sparrow meet a strange man dressed in white who takes the staff away from them. Lu fights with the man (later revealed to be the Silent Monk) for the staff until the latter realizes that Tripitikas is the Seeker, and joins them in their quest to free the King. At the tea house Ni Chang interrogates the owner and kills a worker using her whip and speaks of her hatred for men. The owner's wife hands her a dagger used by Sparrow. As the four travel to [[Kunlun Mountain (mythology)|Five Elements Mountain]], Lu and the Monk teach Tripitikas [[Chinese martial arts|kung fu]] along the way. After crossing a desert, they encounter Ni Chang who discourages Tripitikas and Sparrows love for each other. Ni Chang offers the boy return to where he came from in return for the staff, he declines. Lu asks of Ni Chang intentions, she tells him she will get the elixir of immortality for the staff. After a battle and escape, Ni Chang shoots Lu with an arrow. Tripitikas's team takes refuge in a monastery, where they learn that Lu is actually not an immortal as he failed the test, and only the Warlord's elixir can save his life. In desperation, Tripitikas goes to the Warlord's palace alone to exchange the staff for the elixir.


Meanwhile, the Warlord, upon learning about the staff, sends the witch [[List of Baifa Monü Zhuan characters#Main characters|Ni-Chang]] to help him retrieve it in exchange for the elixir of immortality. Jason, Lu and Sparrow meet the Silent Monk who joins them in their quest to free the King. As the four travel to [[Kunlun Mountain (mythology)|Five Elements Mountain]], Lu and the Monk teach Jason [[Chinese martial arts|kung fu]] along the way.
Ni Chang leads Tripitikas inside. The Warlord asks Tripitikas to duel Ni-Chang to death, since the former can give the elixir to only one of them. Tripitikas is overpowered but manages to disarm the Ni Chang of her whip. Sparrow and Silent Monk and monks from the monastery arrive to join the battle. Ni Chang tries to claim her prize but is interrupted by Sparrow. Sparrow hits Ni Chang back but gets kicked. Ni Chang flies at Sparrow to scratch her but gets laid onto the palace floor. While the witch is distracted, Tripitikas manages to grab the elixir and tosses it to Lu, who drinks it and recovers. The Monk is mortally wounded by the Warlord and passes the staff to Tripitikas, who uses it to smash the King's statue. The King is freed and the Monk is revealed to be actually one of the King's clones. Before Ni Chang can kill Sparrow, Lu kicks her out onto the palace balcony. After being hit around by Lu, Ni Chang is enraged and jumps onto Lu who hits her back and grabs hold of her and kicks her into the air, she falls onto the balcony railing breaking it and falling into the valley. Ni-Chang attempts to use her hair to strangle Lu and climb up, but he cuts her hair before she can get up and she falls to her demise. After another long battle between the King and the Warlord, the latter is eventually stabbed by Tripitikas and falls into a [[lava]] pit to his death. However, Sparrow succumbs to her wounds. The [[Jade Emperor]], having returned from his meditation, praises Tripitikas for fulfilling the prophecy and allows him for one wish, which he asks to return home.


After crossing a desert, they encounter Ni Chang, who offers to return Jason home in exchange for the staff. When he refuses, a battle ensues and ends after Ni Chang shoots an arrow which mortally wounds Lu. Jason's team escapes and takes refuge in a monastery, where they learn that Lu is not an immortal as he claimed to be, and only the Warlord's elixir can save his life. Jason goes to the Warlord's palace alone to exchange the staff for the elixir.
⚫
Tripitikas finds himself back in the present. He overpowers Lupo and drives the other hooligans away. Hop survives being shot and claims that he is immortal (hinting that he is actually Lu). Before the film ends, Jason is delighted to meet a woman who resembles Sparrow who witnessed the whole event because she works across the street. Tripitikas continues honing his kung fu skills while Lu narrates [[Journey to the West|the King's search for truth]].

However, the Warlord promised the elixir to Ni Chang already. As the Warlord can only give the elixir to one of them, Jason must duel Ni Chang for it. Sparrow, the Silent Monk, and the monks from the monastery arrive to join the battle. Silent Monk fights the Warlord, and Sparrow fights Ni Chang. While she is distracted, Jason manages to grab the elixir and tosses it to Lu, who drinks it and recovers. Lu then fights Ni Chang on the balcony then kicks her off it. Ni Chang tries to strangle him with her hair to climb back up to the balcony; he cuts her hair, causing her to fall to her death.

The Monk is mortally wounded by the Warlord and passes the staff to Jason, who uses it to smash the King's statue. The King is freed and the Monk is revealed to be one of the King's clones. Sparrow is killed, the Warlord is eventually stabbed by Jason after being defeated by the King and falls into a [[lava]] pit to his death. The [[Jade Emperor]], having returned from his meditation, praises Jason for fulfilling the prophecy and grants him one wish. Jason asks to be returned back home.

⚫
Jason finds himself back in the present. Then, he overpowers Lupo and drives the other hooligans away. Hop survives being shot and claims that he is immortal, indicating that he is actually Lu. After checking in on him, Jason meets a young woman who resembles Sparrow. Jason then continues honing his kung fu skills, while Lu narrates [[Journey to the West|the King's search for truth]].


==Cast==
==Cast==
* [[Jackie Chan]] as Lu Yan / Hop, the pawn shop owner
* [[Jackie Chan]] as [[Lü Dongbin|Lu Yan]] / Old Hop
* [[Jet Li]] as the Monkey King / Silent Monk
* [[Jet Li]] as [[Monkey King|Sun Wukong]] / Silent Monk
* [[Michael Angarano]] as Jason Tripitikas
* [[Liu Yifei]] as Golden Sparrow / Chinatown Girl
* [[Liu Yifei]] as Golden Sparrow / Chinatown Girl
⚫
* [[Collin Chou]] as the Jade Warlord
* [[Li Bingbing]] as Ni Chang
* [[Li Bingbing]] as Ni Chang
* [[Juana Collignon]] as Southie Girl
* [[Michael Angarano]] as Jason Tripitikas
* Morgan Benoit as Lupo
⚫
* [[Deshun Wang]] as the Jade Emperor
⚫
* [[Collin Chou]] as [[Erlang Shen]]
⚫
* [[Wang Deshun]] as [[Jade Emperor]]


==Production details==
==Production==
===Pre-production===
===Development===
<!-- This section about the character and novel have no context to the movie. I read a one sentence tagline/plot summary while browsing IMDB which made it clear. This article desperately needs a one paragraph story concept. -->
<!-- This section about the character and novel have no context to the movie. I read a one sentence tagline/plot summary while browsing IMDB which made it clear. This article desperately needs a one paragraph story concept. -->
While the character [[Sun Wukong]] came from [[Wu Cheng'en]]'s famous classical novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'',<ref>[http://www.monkeypeaches.com/0608M.html#03C] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219205236/http://www.monkeypeaches.com/0608M.html |date=February 19, 2009 }}</ref> in an interview with Screen Power magazine, actor [[Collin Chou]] denied that the plotline would be related to the novel. The details of the plot were devised by screenwriter [[John Fusco]] along with actor [[Jet Li]]. Li explains,
While the character [[Monkey King|Sun Wukong]] came from [[Wu Cheng'en]]'s famous classical novel ''[[Journey to the West]]'',<ref>[http://www.monkeypeaches.com/0608M.html#03C] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090219205236/http://www.monkeypeaches.com/0608M.html|date=February 19, 2009}}</ref> in an interview with Screen Power magazine, actor [[Collin Chou]] denied that the plotline would be related to the novel. The details of the plot were devised by screenwriter [[John Fusco]] along with actor [[Jet Li]]. Li explains,


{{cquote|The screenwriter is a good friend of mine and we have been sparring partners for the past three years. I was among the first to get hold of the story and later we were joined by Jackie and others. The screenwriter and I discussed how to turn the story into a fantasy and dream-like film. He is a superb screenwriter and has been learning Chinese martial arts for more than 10 years. He has roughly put across in the film some of my basic understanding of martial arts and principles of Buddhism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/7/17/movies/18063368&sec=movies|title=Star Ecentral|website=Star-ecentral.com|accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref>}}
{{cquote|The screenwriter is a good friend of mine and we have been sparring partners for the past three years. I was among the first to get hold of the story and later we were joined by Jackie and others. The screenwriter and I discussed how to turn the story into a fantasy and dream-like film. He is a superb screenwriter and has been learning Chinese martial arts for more than 10 years. He has roughly put across in the film some of my basic understanding of martial arts and principles of Buddhism.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/7/17/movies/18063368&sec=movies|title=Star Ecentral|website=Star-ecentral.com|access-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref>}}


In a behind the scenes article he wrote for ''Kung Fu Magazine'', screenwriter John Fusco also stated he derived the surname for the Jason Tripitikas character from "the wandering monk, [[Tang Sanzang|Tripitaka]], from ''Journey to the West''".<ref name=john>{{cite web|author=John Fusco |url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=761 |title=FORBIDDEN FIST: The Making of THE FORBIDDEN KINGDOM |publisher=Ezine.kungfumagazine.com |date= |accessdate=2016-02-09}}</ref>
In a behind the scenes article he wrote for ''Kung Fu Magazine'', screenwriter John Fusco also stated he derived the surname for the Jason Tripitikas character from "the wandering monk, [[Tang Sanzang|Tripitaka]], from ''Journey to the West''".<ref name=john>{{cite web|author=John Fusco |url=http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/magazine/article.php?article=761 |title=FORBIDDEN FIST: The Making of THE FORBIDDEN KINGDOM |publisher=Ezine.kungfumagazine.com |access-date=2016-02-09}}</ref>


The Golden Sparrow character was inspired by [[Cheng Pei-pei]]'s character Golden Swallow from the [[Shaw Brothers]] film ''[[Come Drink with Me]]''. Before trying to kill the Jade Warlord, Golden Sparrow refers to the 1966 film, telling him to "Come drink with" her.
The Golden Sparrow character was inspired by [[Cheng Pei-pei]]'s character Golden Swallow from the [[Shaw Brothers Studio|Shaw Brothers]] film ''[[Come Drink with Me]]''. Before trying to kill the Jade Warlord, Golden Sparrow refers to the 1966 film, telling him to "Come drink with" her.


Lu Yan is a famous [[Taoism|Taoist Saint]], better known as [[Lü Dongbin]], one of the [[Eight Immortals]] referenced in [[Jackie Chan]]'s [[Drunken Master]] films.
===Production===
⚫
Production began in early 1 May 2007 in the area around the [[Gobi Desert]] in Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=716|title=The Official Website of Jackie Chan|date=July 22, 2012|website=Web.archive.com|accessdate=September 9, 2017|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024125/http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=716|archivedate=July 22, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Before filming began, the entire cast did a costume fitting and a script read through, certain dialogues were altered to suit the different actors' English speaking abilities; this was due to the majority of the cast having English as their second language. Chan described the first day of shooting as "very relaxing" because the shots only required drama and walking, with no action.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=720|title=The Official Website of Jackie Chan|date=July 22, 2012|website=Web.archive.com|accessdate=September 9, 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024132/http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=720|archivedate=July 22, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> When the two martial arts veterans (Chan and Li) did film action scenes together for the first time, they both expressed how easy it was to work with one another. Chan explained:


The White Haired Demoness Ni Chang is the anti-heroine of the iconic pulp novel [[Baifa Monü Zhuan]] by [[Liang Yusheng]].
⚫
{{cquote|I have not worked with someone whom I’m comfortable with, in terms of movements, rhythm and natural reactions, in the last 10 years. I have done many fight scenes with others but there were usually more than 10 takes, which is a waste of time as the person may forget his moves and unnecessary injuries. When I fought with Jet, our actions were quick. We also didn’t have to do the same stunt over 20 times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/7/17/movies/18062946&sec=movies|title=Star Ecentral|website=star-ecentral.com|accessdate=September 9, 2017}}</ref> }}

The [[Jade Emperor]] is the ruler of the Heavens in Chinese myth.

===Filming===
⚫
Filming began in early 1 May 2007 in the area around the [[Gobi Desert]] in Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web |date=May 2007 |title=Shooting Begins |url=http://www.jackiechan.com/blog/207242--Shooting-Begins |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922061800/http://www.jackiechan.com/blog/207242--Shooting-Begins |archive-date=September 22, 2008 |access-date=July 6, 2023 |website=The Official Website of Jackie Chan}}</ref> Before filming began, the entire cast did a costume fitting and a script read through, certain dialogues were altered to suit the different actors' English speaking abilities; this was due to the majority of the cast having English as their second language. Chan described the first day of shooting as "very relaxing" because the shots only required drama and walking, with no action.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=720|title=The Official Website of Jackie Chan|date=July 22, 2012|website=Web.archive.com|access-date=September 9, 2017|url-status=bot: unknown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722024132/http://jackiechan.com/message_view?cid=720|archive-date=July 22, 2012|df=mdy-all}}</ref> When the two martial arts veterans (Chan and Li) did film action scenes together for the first time, they both expressed how easy it was to work with one another. Chan explained:

⚫
{{cquote|I have not worked with someone whom I'm comfortable with, in terms of movements, rhythm and natural reactions, in the last 10 years. I have done many fight scenes with others but there were usually more than 10 takes, which is a waste of time as the person may forget his moves and unnecessary injuries. When I fought with Jet, our actions were quick. We also didn't have to do the same stunt over 20 times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=/2007/7/17/movies/18062946&sec=movies|title=Star Ecentral|website=star-ecentral.com|access-date=September 9, 2017|archive-date=March 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311035836/http://star-ecentral.com/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F7%2F17%2Fmovies%2F18062946&sec=movies|url-status=dead}}</ref> }}


Filming finished on August 24, 2007, and the film went into post-production on September 29, 2007.
Filming finished on August 24, 2007, and the film went into post-production on September 29, 2007.
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{{Main|The Forbidden Kingdom (soundtrack)}}
{{Main|The Forbidden Kingdom (soundtrack)}}


==Reception==
⚫
==Critical reception==
⚫
===Box office===
⚫
The response to ''The Forbidden Kingdom'', by both critics and audiences, was mixed to positive. As of 1 May 2008, the review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reported that 65% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 121 reviews &mdash; with the consensus being "Great fight scenes, but too much [[Filler (media)|filler]]".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/forbidden_kingdom/ |title=The Forbidden Kingdom Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes |accessdate=2008-04-23 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Metacritic]] reported the film had an average score of 57 out of 100, based on 26 reviews &mdash; indicating mixed or average reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/forbiddenkingdom |title=Forbidden Kingdom, The (2008): Reviews |accessdate=2008-04-23 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref>
⚫
''The Forbidden Kingdom'' grossed a total of $127,906,624 worldwide &mdash; $52,075,270 in the United States and $75,831,354
⚫
in other territories.<ref name="BOM">{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=forbiddenkingdom.htm |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) |access-date=2008-04-28 |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, the film grossed $21,401,121 in 3,151 theaters, ranking No. 1 at the box office opening weekend and averaging $6,792 per theater.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=forbiddenkingdom.htm |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Weekend Box Office Results |access-date=2008-04-23 |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jb68x_tOGx8QHjI0Cr6C-Vy79OGgD906H5CG0 |title='Forbidden Kingdom' lands No. 1 at box office |access-date=2008-04-23 |agency=Associated Press |date=2008-04-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422203353/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jb68x_tOGx8QHjI0Cr6C-Vy79OGgD906H5CG0 |archive-date=April 22, 2008 }}</ref>


⚫
===Critical response===
⚫
The Chinese press, however, responded to the movie less positively. Perry Lam wrote in [[Muse (Hong Kong magazine)|''Muse'']] magazine, "As a Hollywood blockbuster, ''The Forbidden Kingdom'' offers no apologies for its American-Centrism. In fact, it wears it with pride like a badge of honor".<ref>{{cite journal |last= Lam |first= Perry |date=June 2008 |title= Not just a movie |journal= Muse Magazine |issue= 17 |page= 98}}</ref>
⚫
The review aggregator website [[Rotten Tomatoes]] reports that 63% of 131 surveyed critics gave the film positive reviews; the average rating is 6/10. The consensus reads: "This hotly-anticipated pairing of martial arts legends Jackie Chan and Jet Li features dazzling fight scenes but is weighed down by too much filler."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/forbidden_kingdom/ |title=The Forbidden Kingdom Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes |access-date=2020-12-14 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]}}</ref> [[Metacritic]] reports the film has an average score of 57 out of 100 based on 26 reviews, indicating mixed or average reviews.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.metacritic.com/film/titles/forbiddenkingdom |title=Forbidden Kingdom, The (2008): Reviews |access-date=2008-04-23 |publisher=[[Metacritic]]}}</ref>

⚫
Perry Lam wrote in [[Muse (Hong Kong magazine)|''Muse'']] magazine, "As a Hollywood blockbuster, ''The Forbidden Kingdom'' offers no apologies for its American-Centrism. In fact, it wears it with pride like a badge of honor".<ref>{{cite journal |last= Lam |first= Perry |date=June 2008 |title= Not just a movie |journal= Muse Magazine |issue= 17 |page= 98}}</ref>

The film was nominated for [[Saturn Award for Best International Film|Best International Film]] at the [[Saturn Awards]] but lost to ''[[Let the Right One In (film)|Let the Right One In]]''.


==Home media==
==Home media==
''The Forbidden Kingdom'' was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] 9 September 2008. It sold about 1,199,593 units which translated to revenue of $22,921,609, bringing its worldwide total to $151,758,670.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2008/FRBDN-DVD.php |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Financial Information |publisher=The-numbers.com |date= |accessdate=2016-02-09}}</ref>
''The Forbidden Kingdom'' was released on [[DVD]] and [[Blu-ray Disc|Blu-ray]] 9 September 2008. It sold about 1,199,593 units which translated to revenue of $22,921,609, bringing its worldwide total to $151,758,670.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-numbers.com/movies/2008/FRBDN-DVD.php |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Financial Information |publisher=The-numbers.com |access-date=2016-02-09}}</ref>


It is sold on single disc and two-disc special editions. The single disc edition has no extras but contains widescreen and full screen presentations of the film. The special edition includes a commentary by director Rob Minkoff, deleted scenes with commentary, featurettes (''The Kung Fu Dream Team'', ''Dangerous Beauty'', ''Discovering China'', ''Filming in Chinawood'', and ''Monkey King and the Eight Immortals''), a "Previsualization Featurette" with commentary by writer Fusco and director Minkoff, and a blooper reel. In addition to these extras, the Blu-ray release contains a [[digital copy]].
It is sold on single disc and two-disc special editions. The single disc edition has no extras but contains widescreen and full screen presentations of the film. The special edition includes a commentary by director Rob Minkoff, deleted scenes with commentary, featurettes (''The Kung Fu Dream Team'', ''Dangerous Beauty'', ''Discovering China'', ''Filming in Chinawood'', and ''Monkey King and the Eight Immortals''), a "Previsualization Featurette" with commentary by writer Fusco and director Minkoff, and a blooper reel. In addition to these extras, the Blu-ray release contains a [[digital copy]].

⚫
==Box office performance==
⚫
''The Forbidden Kingdom'' grossed a total of $127,906,624 worldwide &mdash; $52,075,270 in the United States and $75,831,354
⚫
in other territories.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=main&id=forbiddenkingdom.htm |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) |accessdate=2008-04-28 |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref> In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, the film grossed $21,401,121 in 3,151 theaters, ranking No. 1 at the box office opening weekend and averaging $6,792 per theater.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=forbiddenkingdom.htm |title=The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Weekend Box Office Results |accessdate=2008-04-23 |publisher=[[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jb68x_tOGx8QHjI0Cr6C-Vy79OGgD906H5CG0 |title='Forbidden Kingdom' lands No. 1 at box office |accessdate=2008-04-23 |agency=Associated Press |date=2008-04-21 |publisher=[[Google]] |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422203353/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5jb68x_tOGx8QHjI0Cr6C-Vy79OGgD906H5CG0 |archivedate=April 22, 2008 }}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 113: Line 131:
==External links==
==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
{{wikiquote}}
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* {{IMDb title|0865556}}
* {{Official website|http://www.forbiddenkingdommovie.com/}}
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* {{IMDb title|0865556|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|forbidden_kingdom|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Rotten-tomatoes|forbidden_kingdom|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Metacritic film|the-forbidden-kingdom|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Metacritic film|title=The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Mojo title|forbiddenkingdom|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
* {{Mojo title|forbiddenkingdom|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
⚫
* [http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=765 Official Kung Fu Magazine "Behind the scenes" article by Gene Ching] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207082128/http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=765 |date=February 7, 2012 }}
* {{Allmovie title|394111|The Forbidden Kingdom}}
⚫
* [http://ezine.kungfumagazine.com/ezine/article.php?article=765 Official Kung Fu Magazine "Behind the scenes" article by Gene Ching]


{{Journey to the West}}
{{Journey to the West}}
{{Rob Minkoff}}
{{Rob Minkoff}}
{{John Fusco}}


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Latest revision as of 09:05, 22 December 2024

For other uses, see Forbidden Kingdom (disambiguation).

The Forbidden Kingdom
Theatrical release poster
Directed byRob Minkoff
Written byJohn Fusco
Produced byCasey Silver
Starring
CinematographyPeter Pau
Edited byEric Strand
Music byDavid Buckley
Production
companies
Distributed by
Release dates
  • April 18, 2008 (2008-04-18) (United States)
  • April 24, 2008 (2008-04-24) (China)
Running time
104 minutes[2]
Countries
Languages
  • English
  • Mandarin
  • Cantonese
Budget$55 million[5]
Box office$128 million

The Forbidden Kingdom (Chinese: 功夫之王: Gong Fu Zhi Wang (Mandarin) or Gung Fu Ji Wong (Cantonese) and translated King of Kung Fu (English); Working title: The J & J Project[6]) is a 2008 fantasy wuxia film[7][8] written by John Fusco and directed by Rob Minkoff, starring Jackie Chan, Jet Li, Michael Angarano, Liu Yifei, Collin Chou, and Li Bingbing. Loosely based on the 16th-century Chinese novel Journey to the West, the plot revolves around Jason Tripitikas (Angarano), a modern-day American teenager who is transported back to ancient China after discovering the Monkey King's magical staff. He accompanies Lu Yan / Old Hop (Chan) and Sun Wukong / Silent Monk (Li) on their quest to return the staff to its rightful owner while trying to avoid the minions of the evil Jade Emperor (Chou). The action sequences were choreographed by Yuen Woo-ping.

The film is regarded as the first coproduction helmed by an American director to make a primarily English-language wuxia genre film set in a pre-modern China for a global audience.[9] Heavily promoted as the first film starring both Chan and Li,[10] it was distributed in the United States through Lionsgate and The Weinstein Company,[11] and through The Huayi Brothers Film & Taihe Investment Company in China. The Forbidden Kingdom grossed $128 million against a budget of $55 million.

Plot

[edit]

In South Boston, martial arts film fan Jason Tripitikas dreams of a battle between Sun Wukong and celestial soldiers in the clouds. He visits a pawn shop in Chinatown to buy wuxia DVDs and discovers a golden staff. On his way home, Jason is harassed by some hooligans, whose leader Lupo attempts to use him to help them rob the shop’s owner Hop, who is shot by Lupo. Hop tells Jason to deliver the staff to its rightful owner and Jason flees with it. He is cornered on the rooftop before being pulled off the roof by the staff.

When Jason regains consciousness, he finds himself in an ancient Chinese village under attack by soldiers. They attempt to seize his staff, but he is saved by the inebriated traveling scholar Lu Yan, a supposed "immortal", who remains alert and agile even when drunk.

Lu tells him the story of the rivalry between the Monkey King and the Jade Warlord, who tricked the King into setting aside his magic staff, Ruyi Jingu Bang, and transformed him into a stone statue, but the King cast his staff far away before the transformation. Lu ends the tale with a prophecy about a "Seeker" who will find the staff and free the King. Just then, they are attacked by the Warlord's men again, but manage to escape with the help of Golden Sparrow, a young woman whose family was murdered by the Warlord.

Meanwhile, the Warlord, upon learning about the staff, sends the witch Ni-Chang to help him retrieve it in exchange for the elixir of immortality. Jason, Lu and Sparrow meet the Silent Monk who joins them in their quest to free the King. As the four travel to Five Elements Mountain, Lu and the Monk teach Jason kung fu along the way.

After crossing a desert, they encounter Ni Chang, who offers to return Jason home in exchange for the staff. When he refuses, a battle ensues and ends after Ni Chang shoots an arrow which mortally wounds Lu. Jason's team escapes and takes refuge in a monastery, where they learn that Lu is not an immortal as he claimed to be, and only the Warlord's elixir can save his life. Jason goes to the Warlord's palace alone to exchange the staff for the elixir.

However, the Warlord promised the elixir to Ni Chang already. As the Warlord can only give the elixir to one of them, Jason must duel Ni Chang for it. Sparrow, the Silent Monk, and the monks from the monastery arrive to join the battle. Silent Monk fights the Warlord, and Sparrow fights Ni Chang. While she is distracted, Jason manages to grab the elixir and tosses it to Lu, who drinks it and recovers. Lu then fights Ni Chang on the balcony then kicks her off it. Ni Chang tries to strangle him with her hair to climb back up to the balcony; he cuts her hair, causing her to fall to her death.

The Monk is mortally wounded by the Warlord and passes the staff to Jason, who uses it to smash the King's statue. The King is freed and the Monk is revealed to be one of the King's clones. Sparrow is killed, the Warlord is eventually stabbed by Jason after being defeated by the King and falls into a lava pit to his death. The Jade Emperor, having returned from his meditation, praises Jason for fulfilling the prophecy and grants him one wish. Jason asks to be returned back home.

Jason finds himself back in the present. Then, he overpowers Lupo and drives the other hooligans away. Hop survives being shot and claims that he is immortal, indicating that he is actually Lu. After checking in on him, Jason meets a young woman who resembles Sparrow. Jason then continues honing his kung fu skills, while Lu narrates the King's search for truth.

Cast

[edit]

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

While the character Sun Wukong came from Wu Cheng'en's famous classical novel Journey to the West,[12] in an interview with Screen Power magazine, actor Collin Chou denied that the plotline would be related to the novel. The details of the plot were devised by screenwriter John Fusco along with actor Jet Li. Li explains,

The screenwriter is a good friend of mine and we have been sparring partners for the past three years. I was among the first to get hold of the story and later we were joined by Jackie and others. The screenwriter and I discussed how to turn the story into a fantasy and dream-like film. He is a superb screenwriter and has been learning Chinese martial arts for more than 10 years. He has roughly put across in the film some of my basic understanding of martial arts and principles of Buddhism.[13]

In a behind the scenes article he wrote for Kung Fu Magazine, screenwriter John Fusco also stated he derived the surname for the Jason Tripitikas character from "the wandering monk, Tripitaka, from Journey to the West".[14]

The Golden Sparrow character was inspired by Cheng Pei-pei's character Golden Swallow from the Shaw Brothers film Come Drink with Me. Before trying to kill the Jade Warlord, Golden Sparrow refers to the 1966 film, telling him to "Come drink with" her.

Lu Yan is a famous Taoist Saint, better known as Lü Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals referenced in Jackie Chan's Drunken Master films.

The White Haired Demoness Ni Chang is the anti-heroine of the iconic pulp novel Baifa Monü Zhuan by Liang Yusheng.

The Jade Emperor is the ruler of the Heavens in Chinese myth.

Filming

[edit]

Filming began in early 1 May 2007 in the area around the Gobi Desert in Mongolia.[15] Before filming began, the entire cast did a costume fitting and a script read through, certain dialogues were altered to suit the different actors' English speaking abilities; this was due to the majority of the cast having English as their second language. Chan described the first day of shooting as "very relaxing" because the shots only required drama and walking, with no action.[16] When the two martial arts veterans (Chan and Li) did film action scenes together for the first time, they both expressed how easy it was to work with one another. Chan explained:

I have not worked with someone whom I'm comfortable with, in terms of movements, rhythm and natural reactions, in the last 10 years. I have done many fight scenes with others but there were usually more than 10 takes, which is a waste of time as the person may forget his moves and unnecessary injuries. When I fought with Jet, our actions were quick. We also didn't have to do the same stunt over 20 times.[17]

Filming finished on August 24, 2007, and the film went into post-production on September 29, 2007.

Soundtrack

[edit]
Main article: The Forbidden Kingdom (soundtrack)

Reception

[edit]

Box office

[edit]

The Forbidden Kingdom grossed a total of $127,906,624 worldwide — $52,075,270 in the United States and $75,831,354 in other territories.[1] In its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, the film grossed $21,401,121 in 3,151 theaters, ranking No. 1 at the box office opening weekend and averaging $6,792 per theater.[18][19]

Critical response

[edit]

The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 63% of 131 surveyed critics gave the film positive reviews; the average rating is 6/10. The consensus reads: "This hotly-anticipated pairing of martial arts legends Jackie Chan and Jet Li features dazzling fight scenes but is weighed down by too much filler."[20] Metacritic reports the film has an average score of 57 out of 100 based on 26 reviews, indicating mixed or average reviews.[21]

Perry Lam wrote in Muse magazine, "As a Hollywood blockbuster, The Forbidden Kingdom offers no apologies for its American-Centrism. In fact, it wears it with pride like a badge of honor".[22]

The film was nominated for Best International Film at the Saturn Awards but lost to Let the Right One In.

Home media

[edit]

The Forbidden Kingdom was released on DVD and Blu-ray 9 September 2008. It sold about 1,199,593 units which translated to revenue of $22,921,609, bringing its worldwide total to $151,758,670.[23]

It is sold on single disc and two-disc special editions. The single disc edition has no extras but contains widescreen and full screen presentations of the film. The special edition includes a commentary by director Rob Minkoff, deleted scenes with commentary, featurettes (The Kung Fu Dream Team, Dangerous Beauty, Discovering China, Filming in Chinawood, and Monkey King and the Eight Immortals), a "Previsualization Featurette" with commentary by writer Fusco and director Minkoff, and a blooper reel. In addition to these extras, the Blu-ray release contains a digital copy.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "The Forbidden Kingdom (2008)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
  2. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. April 23, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  3. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom". American Film Institute. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  4. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  5. ^ Frater, Patrick (April 11, 2008). "'Forbidden Kingdom' a global affair". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved October 8, 2011.
  6. ^ Yan, Seto Kit (April 22, 2008). "Yin and yang". The Star. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  7. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom Box Office: Chan + Li Wuxia Underwhelms".
  8. ^ https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1369&context=honors-theses
  9. ^ Rojas, Carlos; Chow, Eileen (April 25, 2013). The Oxford Handbook of Chinese Cinemas. Oup USA. ISBN 978-0-19-976560-7.
  10. ^ http://www.china.org.cn/entertainment/2008-03/19/content_13081465.htm
  11. ^ "Hollywood Reporter – Entertainment News". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  12. ^ [1] Archived February 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "Star Ecentral". Star-ecentral.com. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  14. ^ John Fusco. "FORBIDDEN FIST: The Making of THE FORBIDDEN KINGDOM". Ezine.kungfumagazine.com. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
  15. ^ "Shooting Begins". The Official Website of Jackie Chan. May 2007. Archived from the original on September 22, 2008. Retrieved July 6, 2023.
  16. ^ "The Official Website of Jackie Chan". Web.archive.com. July 22, 2012. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved September 9, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  17. ^ "Star Ecentral". star-ecentral.com. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  18. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Weekend Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  19. ^ "'Forbidden Kingdom' lands No. 1 at box office". Associated Press. April 21, 2008. Archived from the original on April 22, 2008. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  20. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom Movie Reviews, Pictures - Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 14, 2020.
  21. ^ "Forbidden Kingdom, The (2008): Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 23, 2008.
  22. ^ Lam, Perry (June 2008). "Not just a movie". Muse Magazine (17): 98.
  23. ^ "The Forbidden Kingdom (2008) - Financial Information". The-numbers.com. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
[edit]
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