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{{Short description|Container used for holding ink}}
{{other uses}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Inkpot|the Shocking Blue album|Inkpot (album)|for the comics awards|Inkpot Award}}
{{Redirect|Inkpot|the Shocking Blue album|Inkpot (album)|the comics awards|Inkpot Award}}
[[File:Inkwell15.jpg|thumb|right|An English silver and glass inkwell, [[hallmark]] date 1910]]
[[File:Inkwell15.jpg|thumb|right|An English silver and glass inkwell, [[hallmark]] date 1910]]


An '''inkwell''' is a small jar or container, often made of [[glass]], [[porcelain]], [[silver]], [[brass]], or [[pewter]], used for holding [[ink]] in a place convenient for the person who is writing. The artist or writer dips the brush, [[quill]], or [[dip pen]] into the inkwell as needed or uses the inkwell as the source for filling the reservoir of a [[fountain pen]]. An inkwell usually has a lid to prevent contamination, evaporation, accidental spillage, and excessive exposure to air. A type known as the '''travelling inkwell''' was fitted with a secure, screw lid so a traveller could carry a supply of ink in their luggage without the risk of leakage.
An '''inkwell''' is a small jar or container, often made of [[glass]], [[porcelain]], [[silver]], [[brass]], or [[pewter]], used for holding [[ink]] in a place convenient for the person who is writing. The artist or writer dips the brush, [[quill]], or [[dip pen]] into the inkwell as needed or uses the inkwell as the source for filling the reservoir of a [[fountain pen]]. An inkwell usually has a lid to prevent contamination, evaporation, accidental spillage, and excessive exposure to air. A type known as the '''travelling inkwell''' was fitted with a secure screw lid so a traveller could carry a supply of ink in their luggage without the risk of leakage.


==Origins==
==Origins==
The inkwell's origins may be traced back to [[Ancient Egypt]] where [[scribes]] would write on [[papyrus]]. Knowledge of [[hieroglyph]]s was at the time highly restricted. Only scribes knew the full array of hieroglyphs and would write on the behalf of their employers, usually the [[pharaoh]]. After Rome invaded Egypt, inkwells became more popular in Italy as a larger percentage of the population were capable of writing.<ref>Shanks, H. (2002). Scrolls, Scripts & Stelae. Biblical Archaeology Review, 28(5), 24.</ref>
The inkwell's origins may be traced back to [[Ancient Egypt]] where [[scribes]] would write on [[papyrus]]. Knowledge of [[hieroglyph]]s was at the time highly restricted. Only scribes knew the full array of hieroglyphs and would write on the behalf of their employers, usually the [[pharaoh]]. After Rome invaded Egypt, inkwells became more popular in Italy as a larger percentage of the population were capable of writing.<ref>Shanks, H. (2002). Scrolls, Scripts & Stelae. Biblical Archaeology Review, 28(5), 24.</ref>


Inkwells gradually fell out of use in the early part of 20th century<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.pelikan.com/pulse/Pulsar/en_US.CMS.displayCMS.252924./the-piston-filling-mechanism |title = The piston filling mechanism}}</ref> as the reservoir fountain pen (which needs to be filled only occasionally) replaced the dip pen, which needed to be dipped in ink after writing a few lines. Old school desks had round holes for inkwells.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rblandmark.com/News/Articles/10-16-2007/Schooling-since-1913/ | title=Schooling since 1913}}</ref>
Inkwells gradually fell out of use in the early part of 20th century<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.pelikan.com/pulse/Pulsar/en_US.CMS.displayCMS.252924./the-piston-filling-mechanism |title = The piston filling mechanism}}</ref> as the reservoir fountain pen (which needs to be filled only occasionally) replaced the dip pen, which needed to be dipped in ink after writing a few lines. Old school desks had round holes for inkwells.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.rblandmark.com/News/Articles/10-16-2007/Schooling-since-1913/ | title=Schooling since 1913| date=8 February 2021}}</ref>


== Gallery ==
==Gallery==
<gallery mode="packed">
<gallery mode="packed">
File:Inkhorn and ivory case, 9th-13th c, exh. Benedictines NG Prague, 150683.jpg|Inkhorn with [[ivory]] case ([[Prague]], 9th–13th century). An inkhorn is an inkwell made of [[horn (anatomy)|horn]]
File:Chemical auditory, 1904.jpg|thumb|Stands for dip pens and inkwells in the desks of student benches in the historic Chemical Auditorium of the [[Gdańsk University of Technology]], 1904
File:Chemical auditory, 1904.jpg|Stands for dip pens and inkwells in the desks of student benches in the historic Chemical Auditorium of the [[Gdańsk University of Technology]], 1904
File:Ritterling 13 (3D reconstruction).png|3D model of a Roman Ritt. 13 inkpot
File:Ritterling 13 (3D reconstruction).png|3D model of a Roman Ritt. 13 inkpot
File:Anonymous Amber inkwell 01.jpg|[[Renaissance]] [[amber]] inkwell of king [[Sigismund III Vasa]], 1590s
File:Anonymous Amber inkwell 01.jpg|[[Renaissance]] [[amber]] inkwell of king [[Sigismund III Vasa]], 1590s
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File:Ecole-banc1900.jpg|French school desks, c. 1900. The holes for the student's inkwells can be seen
File:Ecole-banc1900.jpg|French school desks, c. 1900. The holes for the student's inkwells can be seen
File:MEK II-438.jpg|Inkwell, currently at the [[Museum Europäischer Kulturen|MEK]]
File:MEK II-438.jpg|Inkwell, currently at the [[Museum Europäischer Kulturen|MEK]]
File:Pallme-König & Habel - Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|alt=Pallme-König & Habel - Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art|Pallme-König & Habel - Inkwell - 2008.67 - [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]
File:Pallme-König & Habel - Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art.tif|alt=Pallme-König & Habel&nbsp;— Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art|Pallme-König & Habel&nbsp;— Inkwell - 2008.67 - [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]
File:England or America, 19th century - Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|alt=England or America, 19th century - Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art|England or America, 19th century - Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art
File:England or America, 19th century - Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|alt=England or America, 19th century&nbsp;— Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art|England or America, 19th century&nbsp;— Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art
File:Inkwell carved from anthracite - Cleveland Museum of Natural History (34362298300).jpg|alt=Inkwell carved from anthracite - Cleveland Museum of Natural History|Inkwell carved from anthracite - [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]]
File:Inkwell carved from anthracite - Cleveland Museum of Natural History (34362298300).jpg|alt=Inkwell carved from anthracite&nbsp;— Cleveland Museum of Natural History|Inkwell carved from anthracite - [[Cleveland Museum of Natural History]]
File:Khalili Collection Islamic Art mxd 0056.1.jpg|10th century medieval Islamic agate inkwell inscribed with [[Kufic]] script. [[Khalili Collection of Islamic Art|Khalili Collection]].
</gallery>
</gallery>


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*''The Write Stuff Inkwells Pens & Desk Accessories'', Ray & Bevy Jaegers, Krause Publications {{ISBN|0-930625-86-2}}
*''The Write Stuff Inkwells Pens & Desk Accessories'', Ray & Bevy Jaegers, Krause Publications {{ISBN|0-930625-86-2}}
*''McGraw's Book of Antique Inkwells Volume 1'', Vincent D McGraw, published privately 1972
*''McGraw's Book of Antique Inkwells Volume 1'', Vincent D McGraw, published privately 1972
*''Edwardian Shopping 1898-1913 selection facsimile'', Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles {{ISBN|0-7153-7068-5}}
*''Edwardian Shopping 1898–1913 selection facsimile'', Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles {{ISBN|0-7153-7068-5}}
*''Pens & Writing Equipment'', Jim Marshall, Miller's {{ISBN|1-84000-066-X}}
*''Pens & Writing Equipment'', Jim Marshall, Miller's {{ISBN|1-84000-066-X}}
*''English Silver Hallmarks'', Judith Bannister, W Foulsham & Co Ltd {{ISBN|0-572-01181-4}}
*''English Silver Hallmarks'', Judith Bannister, W Foulsham & Co Ltd {{ISBN|0-572-01181-4}}
Line 42: Line 45:
*''Yesterday's Shopping 1907 facsimile'', Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles {{ISBN|0-7153-4692-X}}
*''Yesterday's Shopping 1907 facsimile'', Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles {{ISBN|0-7153-4692-X}}
*''The Story of Writing'', Donald Jackson, Studio Vista {{ISBN|0-289-70985-7}}
*''The Story of Writing'', Donald Jackson, Studio Vista {{ISBN|0-289-70985-7}}
*''The Enormous File'', A Social History of the Office'', Alan Delgado, John Murray {{ISBN|0-7195-3612-X}}
*''The Enormous File, A Social History of the Office'', Alan Delgado, John Murray {{ISBN|0-7195-3612-X}}
*''Doulton Ink Wares'', Colin Roberts, BEE Publications {{ISBN|0-9520547-0-1}}
*''Doulton Ink Wares'', Colin Roberts, BEE Publications {{ISBN|0-9520547-0-1}}
*De Vito, C., Medeghini, L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F., & Contino, A. (2017). (rome, italy): Production technology. ''Journal of the European Ceramic Society'', 37(4), 1779–1788. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.044
*De Vito, C., Medeghini, L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F., & Contino, A. (2017). (Rome, Italy): Production technology. ''Journal of the European Ceramic Society'', 37(4), 1779–1788. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.044


==See also==
==See also==
* [[Calligraphy]]
* [[Calligraphy]]
Society of Inkwell Collectors
https://inkwellresearch.com/inkipedia/


⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Reflist}}


⚫
==References==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Commons category|Inkwells}}
{{Commons category|Inkwells}}
⚫
{{Reflist}}


{{Pens}}
{{Pens}}
{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Writing implements]]
[[Category:Writing implements]]

Latest revision as of 00:48, 4 September 2024

For other uses, see Inkwell (disambiguation).
"Inkpot" redirects here. For the Shocking Blue album, see Inkpot (album). For the comics awards, see Inkpot Award.
An English silver and glass inkwell, hallmark date 1910

An inkwell is a small jar or container, often made of glass, porcelain, silver, brass, or pewter, used for holding ink in a place convenient for the person who is writing. The artist or writer dips the brush, quill, or dip pen into the inkwell as needed or uses the inkwell as the source for filling the reservoir of a fountain pen. An inkwell usually has a lid to prevent contamination, evaporation, accidental spillage, and excessive exposure to air. A type known as the travelling inkwell was fitted with a secure screw lid so a traveller could carry a supply of ink in their luggage without the risk of leakage.

Origins

[edit]

The inkwell's origins may be traced back to Ancient Egypt where scribes would write on papyrus. Knowledge of hieroglyphs was at the time highly restricted. Only scribes knew the full array of hieroglyphs and would write on the behalf of their employers, usually the pharaoh. After Rome invaded Egypt, inkwells became more popular in Italy as a larger percentage of the population were capable of writing.[1]

Inkwells gradually fell out of use in the early part of 20th century[2] as the reservoir fountain pen (which needs to be filled only occasionally) replaced the dip pen, which needed to be dipped in ink after writing a few lines. Old school desks had round holes for inkwells.[3]

[edit]
  • Inkhorn with ivory case (Prague, 9th–13th century). An inkhorn is an inkwell made of horn
    Inkhorn with ivory case (Prague, 9th–13th century). An inkhorn is an inkwell made of horn
  • Stands for dip pens and inkwells in the desks of student benches in the historic Chemical Auditorium of the Gdańsk University of Technology, 1904
    Stands for dip pens and inkwells in the desks of student benches in the historic Chemical Auditorium of the Gdańsk University of Technology, 1904
  • 3D model of a Roman Ritt. 13 inkpot
    3D model of a Roman Ritt. 13 inkpot
  • Renaissance amber inkwell of king Sigismund III Vasa, 1590s
    Renaissance amber inkwell of king Sigismund III Vasa, 1590s
  • Examples of 19th century Travelling Inkwells
    Examples of 19th century Travelling Inkwells
  • Tudric pewter Inkwell
    Tudric pewter Inkwell
  • French school desks, c. 1900. The holes for the student's inkwells can be seen
    French school desks, c. 1900. The holes for the student's inkwells can be seen
  • Inkwell, currently at the MEK
    Inkwell, currently at the MEK
  • Pallme-König & Habel — Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art
    Pallme-König & Habel — Inkwell - 2008.67 - Cleveland Museum of Art
  • England or America, 19th century — Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art
    England or America, 19th century — Inkwell Set - 1961.172 - Cleveland Museum of Art
  • Inkwell carved from anthracite — Cleveland Museum of Natural History
    Inkwell carved from anthracite - Cleveland Museum of Natural History
  • 10th century medieval Islamic agate inkwell inscribed with Kufic script. Khalili Collection.
    10th century medieval Islamic agate inkwell inscribed with Kufic script. Khalili Collection.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • The Collector's World of Inkwells, Jean & Franklin Hunting, Schiffer Publishing Ltd ISBN 0-7643-1102-6
  • The Write Stuff Inkwells Pens & Desk Accessories, Ray & Bevy Jaegers, Krause Publications ISBN 0-930625-86-2
  • McGraw's Book of Antique Inkwells Volume 1, Vincent D McGraw, published privately 1972
  • Edwardian Shopping 1898–1913 selection facsimile, Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles ISBN 0-7153-7068-5
  • Pens & Writing Equipment, Jim Marshall, Miller's ISBN 1-84000-066-X
  • English Silver Hallmarks, Judith Bannister, W Foulsham & Co Ltd ISBN 0-572-01181-4
  • Handbook of Pottery & Porcelain Marks, J P Cushion, Faber & Faber Ltd ISBN 0-571-04922-2
  • Walter's Inkwells of 1885 Book 1, Leo G Walter, published privately 1968
  • Inkbottles & Inkwells, William E Covill Jnr, William S Sullwold 1971
  • Inkstands & Inkwells A Collector's Guide, Betty & Ted Rivera, Crown Publishers Inc,ISBN 0-517-50419-7
  • Inkwells Identification & Values Book 1,Veldon Badders, Schroeder Publishing Inc, ISBN 0-89145-639-2
  • Inkwells Identification & Values Book II, Veldon Badders, Schroeder Publishing Inc, ISBN 1-57432-020-3
  • Western Writing Implements, Michael Finlay, Plains Books ISBN 1-872477-00-3
  • Writing Antiques, George Mell, Shire Publications Ltd ISBN 0-85263-519-2
  • Writing Implements & Accessories, Joyce Irene Whalley, David & Charles ISBN 0-7153-6903-2
  • Yesterday's Shopping 1907 facsimile, Army & Navy Stores, David & Charles ISBN 0-7153-4692-X
  • The Story of Writing, Donald Jackson, Studio Vista ISBN 0-289-70985-7
  • The Enormous File, A Social History of the Office, Alan Delgado, John Murray ISBN 0-7195-3612-X
  • Doulton Ink Wares, Colin Roberts, BEE Publications ISBN 0-9520547-0-1
  • De Vito, C., Medeghini, L., Mignardi, S., Coletti, F., & Contino, A. (2017). (Rome, Italy): Production technology. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 37(4), 1779–1788. 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.11.044

See also

[edit]

Society of Inkwell Collectors https://inkwellresearch.com/inkipedia/


References

[edit]
Look up inkwell in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Inkwells.
  1. ^ Shanks, H. (2002). Scrolls, Scripts & Stelae. Biblical Archaeology Review, 28(5), 24.
  2. ^ "The piston filling mechanism".
  3. ^ "Schooling since 1913". 8 February 2021.
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