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{{Short description|Belgian physicist, mathematician, and chemist (1872–1957)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
|name = Théophile de Donder
| name = Théophile de Donder
|image = Théophile Ernest de Donder.jpg
| image = Théophile Ernest de Donder.jpg
|image_size = 300px
| image_size = 300px
|caption = Théophile Ernest de Donder (1872 – 1957) at the 1927 [[Solvay Conference]]. Appearing in front of de Donder is [[Paul Dirac]].
| caption = Théophile Ernest de Donder (1872 – 1957) at the 1927 [[Solvay Conference]]. Appearing in front of de Donder is [[Paul Dirac]].
|birth_date = {{birth date|1872|8|19|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1872|8|19|df=yes}}
|birth_place = [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
| birth_place = [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|1957|5|11|1872|8|19|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|1957|5|11|1872|8|19|df=yes}}
|death_place = [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
| death_place = [[Brussels]], [[Belgium]]
|residence = Belgium
| citizenship =
|citizenship =
| nationality = Belgian
|nationality = Belgian
| ethnicity =
|ethnicity =
| fields = [[Physicist]] and [[mathematician]]
|fields = [[Physicist]] and [[mathematician]]
| workplaces = [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
|workplaces = [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
| alma_mater = [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
⚫
| doctoral_advisor =
|alma_mater = [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]
⚫
| academic_advisors = [[Henri Poincaré]]
⚫
|doctoral_advisor =
⚫
| doctoral_students = [[Ilya Prigogine]]<br>[[Léon Van Hove]]<br>[[Théophile Lepage]]
⚫
|academic_advisors = [[Henri Poincaré]]
⚫
| notable_students =
⚫
|doctoral_students = [[Ilya Prigogine]]<br>[[Léon Van Hove]]<br>[[Théophile Lepage]]
⚫
| known_for = [[thermodynamics|Being the father of irreversible thermodynamics]]
⚫
|notable_students =
⚫
| author_abbrev_bot =
⚫
|known_for = [[thermodynamics|Being the father of irreversible thermodynamics]]
⚫
| author_abbrev_zoo =
⚫
|author_abbrev_bot =
⚫
| awards =
⚫
|author_abbrev_zoo =
|influences = [[Albert Einstein]]
| religion =
|influenced =
| signature = <!--(filename only)-->
|awards =
| footnotes =
⚫
|religion =
|signature = <!--(filename only)-->
|footnotes =
}}
}}


'''Théophile Ernest de Donder''' ({{IPA-fr|də dɔ̃dɛʁ|lang}}; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a [[Belgian]] mathematician and physicist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of [[chemical affinity]] and the Gibbsian concept of [[Gibbs free energy|free energy]].
'''Théophile Ernest de Donder''' ({{IPA|fr|də dɔ̃dɛʁ|lang}}; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a [[Belgians|Belgian]] mathematician, physicist and chemist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of [[chemical affinity]] and the Gibbsian concept of [[Gibbs free energy|free energy]].


==Education==
==Education==
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He was professor between 1911 and 1942, at the [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]. Initially he continued the work of [[Henri Poincaré]] and [[Élie Cartan]]. From 1914 on, he was influenced by the work of [[Albert Einstein]] and was an enthusiastic proponent of the [[theory of relativity]]. He gained significant reputation in 1923, when he developed his definition of [[chemical affinity]]. He pointed out a connection between the [[chemical affinity]] and the [[Gibbs free energy]].
He was professor between 1911 and 1942, at the [[Université Libre de Bruxelles]]. Initially he continued the work of [[Henri Poincaré]] and [[Élie Cartan]]. From 1914 on, he was influenced by the work of [[Albert Einstein]] and was an enthusiastic proponent of the [[theory of relativity]]. He gained significant reputation in 1923, when he developed his definition of [[chemical affinity]]. He pointed out a connection between the [[chemical affinity]] and the [[Gibbs free energy]].


He is considered the father of [[thermodynamics]] of irreversible processes.<ref>{{cite book | last = Perrot | first = Pierre | title = A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-19-856556-9}}</ref> De Donder’s work was later developed further by [[Ilya Prigogine]]. De Donder was an associate and friend of [[Albert Einstein]].
He is considered the father of [[thermodynamics]] of irreversible processes.<ref>{{cite book | last = Perrot | first = Pierre | title = A to Z of Thermodynamics | publisher = Oxford University Press | year = 1998 | isbn = 0-19-856556-9}}</ref> De Donder's work was later developed further by [[Ilya Prigogine]]. De Donder was an associate and friend of [[Albert Einstein]].
He was in 1927, one of the participants of the fifth [[Solvay Conference]] on Physics, that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium.
He was in 1927, one of the participants of the fifth [[Solvay Conference]] on Physics, that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium.


==Books by De Donder==
==Books by De Donder==
* ''Thermodynamic Theory of Affinity: A Book of Principles.'' Oxford, England: Oxford University Press (1936)
* ''Thermodynamic Theory of Affinity: A Book of Principles.'' Oxford, England: Oxford University Press (1936)
* ''The Mathematical Theory of Relativity.'' Cambridge, MA: MIT (1927)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Struik, D. J.|authorlink=Dirk Jan Struik|title=Review: ''The Mathematical Theory of Relativity'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1930|volume=36|issue=1|pages=34|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1930-36-01/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04878-8}}</ref>
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=GJ7kAAAAMAAJ ''The Mathematical Theory of Relativity.''] Cambridge, MA: MIT (1927)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Struik, D. J.|authorlink=Dirk Jan Struik|title=Review: ''The Mathematical Theory of Relativity'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1930|volume=36|issue=1|pages=34|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1930-36-01/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8/S0002-9904-1930-04878-8.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04878-8|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Sur la théorie des invariants intégraux'' (thesis) (1899).
* ''Sur la théorie des invariants intégraux'' (thesis) (1899).
* ''Théorie du champ électromagnétique de Maxwell-Lorentz et du champ gravifique d'Einstein'' (1917)
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=8yBLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 ''Théorie du champ électromagnétique de Maxwell-Lorentz et du champ gravifique d'Einstein''] (1917)
* ''La gravifique Einsteinienne'' (1921)
* ''La gravifique Einsteinienne'' (1921)
* ''Introduction à la gravifique einsteinienne'' (1925)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Reynolds Jr., C. N.|title=Review: ''Introduction à la Gravifique einsteinienne'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1926|volume=32|issue=5|pages=563|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-05/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04273-7}}</ref>
* ''Introduction à la gravifique einsteinienne'' (1925)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Reynolds Jr., C. N.|title=Review: ''Introduction à la Gravifique einsteinienne'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1926|volume=32|issue=5|pages=563|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-05/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7/S0002-9904-1926-04273-7.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04273-7|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Théorie mathématique de l'électricité'' (1925)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Page, Leigh|authorlink=Leigh Page|title=Review: ''Théorie Mathématique de l'Électricité'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1926|volume=32|issue=2|pages=174|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-02/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04191-4}}</ref>
* ''Théorie mathématique de l'électricité'' (1925)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Page, Leigh|authorlink=Leigh Page|title=Review: ''Théorie Mathématique de l'Électricité'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1926|volume=32|issue=2|pages=174|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1926-32-02/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4/S0002-9904-1926-04191-4.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04191-4|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Théorie des champs gravifiques'' (1926)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Reynolds Jr., C. N.|title=Review: ''Théorie des Champs Gravifiques'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1929|volume=35|issue=6|pages=884|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1929-35-06/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04828-6}}</ref>
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=j-HuAAAAMAAJ ''Théorie des champs gravifiques''] (1926)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Reynolds Jr., C. N.|title=Review: ''Théorie des Champs Gravifiques'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1929|volume=35|issue=6|pages=884|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1929-35-06/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6/S0002-9904-1929-04828-6.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04828-6|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* ''Application de la gravifique einsteinienne'' (1930)
* ''Application de la gravifique einsteinienne'' (1930)
* ''Théorie invariantive du calcul des variations'' (1931)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Busemann, Herbert|authorlink=Herbert Busemann|title=Review: ''Théorie Invariantive du Calcul des Variations'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1937|volume=43|issue=9|pages=598–599|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1937-43-09/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1937-06582-7}}</ref>
* ''Théorie invariantive du calcul des variations'' (1931)<ref>{{cite journal|author=Busemann, Herbert|authorlink=Herbert Busemann|title=Review: ''Théorie Invariantive du Calcul des Variations'', by Th. de Donder|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1937|volume=43|issue=9|pages=598–599|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1937-43-09/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7/S0002-9904-1937-06582-7.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0002-9904-1937-06582-7|doi-access=free}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Chemical thermodynamics]]
*[[Chemical thermodynamics]]
*[[Extent of reaction]]
*[[Extent of reaction]]
*[[Schrödinger equation]]
*[[Harmonic coordinate condition|de Donder Gauge]]
*[[Harmonic coordinate condition|de Donder gauge]]
*[[De Donder–Weyl theory]]
*[[de Donder–Weyl theory]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:1957 deaths]]
[[Category:Belgian physicists]]
[[Category:Belgian physicists]]
[[Category:Belgian mathematicians]]
[[Category:Belgian chemists]]
[[Category:Thermodynamicists]]
[[Category:Thermodynamicists]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels alumni]]
[[Category:Free University of Brussels (1834–1969) alumni]]

Latest revision as of 11:41, 22 August 2024

Théophile de Donder
Théophile Ernest de Donder (1872 – 1957) at the 1927 Solvay Conference. Appearing in front of de Donder is Paul Dirac.
Born(1872-08-19)19 August 1872
Brussels, Belgium
Died11 May 1957(1957-05-11) (aged 84)
Brussels, Belgium
NationalityBelgian
Alma materUniversité Libre de Bruxelles
Known forBeing the father of irreversible thermodynamics
Scientific career
FieldsPhysicist and mathematician
InstitutionsUniversité Libre de Bruxelles
Academic advisorsHenri Poincaré
Doctoral studentsIlya Prigogine
Léon Van Hove
Théophile Lepage

Théophile Ernest de Donder (French: [də dɔ̃dɛʁ]; 19 August 1872 – 11 May 1957) was a Belgian mathematician, physicist and chemist famous for his work (published in 1923) in developing correlations between the Newtonian concept of chemical affinity and the Gibbsian concept of free energy.

Education

[edit]

He received his doctorate in physics and mathematics from the Université Libre de Bruxelles in 1899, for a thesis entitled Sur la Théorie des Invariants Intégraux (On the Theory of Integral Invariants).[1]

Career

[edit]

He was professor between 1911 and 1942, at the Université Libre de Bruxelles. Initially he continued the work of Henri Poincaré and Élie Cartan. From 1914 on, he was influenced by the work of Albert Einstein and was an enthusiastic proponent of the theory of relativity. He gained significant reputation in 1923, when he developed his definition of chemical affinity. He pointed out a connection between the chemical affinity and the Gibbs free energy.

He is considered the father of thermodynamics of irreversible processes.[2] De Donder's work was later developed further by Ilya Prigogine. De Donder was an associate and friend of Albert Einstein. He was in 1927, one of the participants of the fifth Solvay Conference on Physics, that took place at the International Solvay Institute for Physics in Belgium.

Books by De Donder

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Acad. Roy. Belg., Bull. Cl. Sc., page 169, 1968.
  2. ^ Perrot, Pierre (1998). A to Z of Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-856556-9.
  3. ^ Struik, D. J. (1930). "Review: The Mathematical Theory of Relativity, by Th. de Donder" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 36 (1): 34. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1930-04878-8.
  4. ^ Reynolds Jr., C. N. (1926). "Review: Introduction à la Gravifique einsteinienne, by Th. de Donder" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (5): 563. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04273-7.
  5. ^ Page, Leigh (1926). "Review: Théorie Mathématique de l'Électricité, by Th. de Donder" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 32 (2): 174. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1926-04191-4.
  6. ^ Reynolds Jr., C. N. (1929). "Review: Théorie des Champs Gravifiques, by Th. de Donder" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 35 (6): 884. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1929-04828-6.
  7. ^ Busemann, Herbert (1937). "Review: Théorie Invariantive du Calcul des Variations, by Th. de Donder" (PDF). Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 43 (9): 598–599. doi:10.1090/s0002-9904-1937-06582-7.
[edit]
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