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Coordinates: 50°27′30″N 2°47′39″E / 50.4583°N 2.7942°E / 50.4583; 2.7942
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{{Other uses|Loos (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox French commune
{{Infobox French commune
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|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|commune status = [[Communes of France|Commune]]
|image = Loos-en-Gohelle - Fosse n° 11 - 19 des mines de Lens (128).JPG
|image = Loos-en-Gohelle - Fosse n° 11 - 19 des mines de Lens (128).JPG
|caption = Mine 11 - 19 at Loos-en-Gohelle
|caption = Mine 11–19 at Loos-en-Gohelle
|image coat of arms = Blason Loos-en-Gohelle.svg
|image coat of arms = Blason Loos-en-Gohelle.svg
|coordinates = {{coord|50.4583|2.7942|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|coordinates = {{coord|50.4583|2.7942|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|arrondissement = Lens
|arrondissement = Lens
⚫
|canton = Wingles
|intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération de Lens – Liévin|CA Lens-Liévin]]
|intercommunality = [[Communauté d'agglomération de Lens – Liévin|CA Lens-Liévin]]
|mayor = Geoffrey Mathon<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=16 April 2024|language=fr}}</ref>
⚫
|mayor = [[Jean-François Caron]]
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|term = 2023&ndash;2026
⚫
|party =
|elevation m = 44
|elevation m = 44
|elevation min m = 31
|elevation min m = 31
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|INSEE = 62528
|INSEE = 62528
|postal code = 62750
|postal code = 62750
⚫
|canton = Wingles
|party = [[Europe Ecology – The Greens|EELV]]
}}
}}


'''Loos-en-Gohelle''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Pas-de-Calais]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Hauts-de-France]] region of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/fichecommunale.asp?codedep=62&codecom=528 |title=INSEE commune file |publisher=Insee.fr |accessdate=2013-09-06}}</ref>
'''Loos-en-Gohelle''' is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the [[Pas-de-Calais]] [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Hauts-de-France]] region of [[France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/62528-loos-en-gohelle |title=INSEE commune file |publisher=Insee.fr |access-date=26 August 2024}}</ref>


== Geography ==
== Geography ==
⚫
It is a former [[coal mining]] town, three miles northwest of the centre of Lens. The two largest (184&nbsp;m & 182&nbsp;m) [[spoil heap]]s in Europe are in Loos-en-Gohelle, those of pits 11 and 19, and are visible for miles around. They are part of the mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais region that have become the 38th French site on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as "a living and changing landscape".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france.fr/en/news/mines-nord-pas-de-calais-make-their-debut-unesco-world-heritage-site |title=The mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais make their debut as a UNESCO World Heritage Site |publisher=France.fr |access-date=2013-09-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018093354/http://www.france.fr/en/news/mines-nord-pas-de-calais-make-their-debut-unesco-world-heritage-site |archive-date=18 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

A former [[coal mining]] town, three miles northwest of the centre of Lens, at the junction of the D943 and the [[A21 autoroute]]. Its nearest neighbours are [[Lens, Pas-de-Calais|Lens]] to the south, [[Grenay, Pas-de-Calais|Grenay]] to the west, [[Hulluch]] to the northeast and [[Bénifontaine]] to the east. The two largest (184&#8239;m & 182&#8239;m) [[spoil heap]]s in Europe are found here.

[[File:Terril 62Loos.jpg|thumb|left|[[Spoil tip]]s of pits 11 and 19 at Loos-en-Gohelle]]

== History ==

The place was first documented in 1071, as "Lohes". The name has changed considerably over the years: Lothae, Lo, Lohes, Loes, Loez and Loos. It was not until 1791 that the name of "Loos" was officially sanctioned. According to some, the name comes from the Germanic "Lôh" and Dutch "Loo" which mean "wood", but there is no archaeological evidence of what could have been a forest. According to others, the name derives from the Germanic "Laupo" which means marshy meadows, which, given the topography of the town, tends to support this theory. In 1937, after much confusion with Loos-lez-Lille (today [[Loos, Nord|Loos]]), it was decided to add the region’s name (Gohelle) to that of the commune.

The oldest documents that specify the existence of Loos date from the eleventh century, at the time of construction of the abbey of Anchin. But with the foundation of a church dedicated to Saint Vaast, it suggests that the village existed long before (St. Vaast lived in the 6th century). <br>
By the [[Middle Ages]], Loos-en-Gohelle was a large village whose inhabitants lived mainly by farming: in 1569, 350 inhabitants, in 1759, 600 people ; In 1824, 700 inhabitants and in 1850 around 800 people.

It was around 1850 that the town started to become prosperous; farmers could fertilize previously uncultivated land, thanks to technology provided by Guislain Decrombecque and the discovery of coal resulted in a very rapid increase of population.
Many monuments and cemeteries reflect the destruction during [[World War I]] which completely destroyed the town, particularly during the [[Battle of Loos]], from 25 September - 8 October 1915. A major battle was fought by the Canadian Expeditionary Force at Hill 70 between 15–25 August 1917, resulting in the capture of that landscape feature dominating nearby Lens. Six Victoria Crosses were awarded for valour during that battle; a war memorial was officially unveiled there on 8 April 2017. At the end of the war, not a single building or tree had survived the pounding of artillery. Reminders of the war persist with the periodic discovery of unexploded [[Ammunition#Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]].

The mining infrastructure, industry and transport were hit again during [[World War II]].

[[Coal]] was mined here by the [[Compagnie des mines de Béthune]] from 1855 until 1946, and by its nationalized successor until 1986. The very rural village changed into a town, with many foreign workers, especially from [[Poland]], swelling the workforce. A former mining site (''Écopole'') has been preserved and now hosts many cultural, economic and environmental activities which are the symbol of new developments for the commune. ''Écopole'' 11/19 comprises buildings dating from 1923 and a modern concrete winding tower (height 66m) which operated from 1960 to 1986.

In recent years, Loos has experienced another kind of destruction: As the population left the mining towns seeking work elsewhere, about 1000 homes have been demolished in the recent past.

⚫
The landscape is still marked by enormous [[spoil heap]]s, those of pits 11 and 19, visible for miles around. They are part of the mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais region that have become the 38th French site on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as "a living and changing landscape".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.france.fr/en/news/mines-nord-pas-de-calais-make-their-debut-unesco-world-heritage-site |title=The mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais make their debut as a UNESCO World Heritage Site |publisher=France.fr |accessdate=2013-09-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131018093354/http://www.france.fr/en/news/mines-nord-pas-de-calais-make-their-debut-unesco-world-heritage-site |archive-date=18 October 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Several times in its history Loos came close to being removed from the map of France. Instead it has been reborn 5 times, and is still undergoing transformation. As of 2008, Loos-en-Gohelle was a town whose economy was dominated by light industry, textiles and workshops for artisans and professionals, but it also still retained a strong rural connection with thirty farms within the commune.


== Population ==
== Population ==
{{Historical populations

|source = INSEE<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-62528#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
{{Demography
|percentages = pagr
|1962 = 7,522
|1968 = 7,733
|align = none
|1968 |7733
|1975 = 6,958
|1975 |6958
|1982 = 6,706
|1982 |6706
|1990 = 6,561
|1990 |6561
|1999 = 6,992
|1999 |6992
|2010 = 6,778
|2007 |6816
|withoutdoublecount = 1962
|2012 |6647
|2017 |6751
}}
}}

== Places of interest ==

[[File:Dud corner cemetery-Loos memorial-2.jpg|thumb|The Loos memorial at [[Dud Corner cemetery]]]]

* The church of [[St. Vaast]], rebuilt, as was the rest of the town, after the [[First World War]].
* The war memorials.
* Écopôle 11/19
* The [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]] cemeteries.


== See also ==
== See also ==

* [[Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department]]
* [[Communes of the Pas-de-Calais department]]


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{{DEFAULTSORT:Loos-En-Gohelle}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Loos-En-Gohelle}}
[[Category:Communes of Pas-de-Calais|Loosengohelle]]
[[Category:Communes of Pas-de-Calais|Loosengohelle]]
[[Category:Artois]]

Latest revision as of 02:03, 27 December 2024

Loos-en-Gohelle
Commune
Mine 11–19 at Loos-en-Gohelle
Mine 11–19 at Loos-en-Gohelle
Coat of arms of Loos-en-Gohelle
Coat of arms
Location of Loos-en-Gohelle
Map
Loos-en-Gohelle is located in France
Loos-en-Gohelle
Loos-en-Gohelle
Loos-en-Gohelle is located in Hauts-de-France
Loos-en-Gohelle
Loos-en-Gohelle
Coordinates: 50°27′30″N 2°47′39″E / 50.4583°N 2.7942°E / 50.4583; 2.7942
CountryFrance
RegionHauts-de-France
DepartmentPas-de-Calais
ArrondissementLens
CantonWingles
IntercommunalityCA Lens-Liévin
Government
 • Mayor (2023–2026) Geoffrey Mathon[1]
Area
1
12.7 km2 (4.9 sq mi)
Population
 (2022)[2]
6,850
 • Density540/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
62528 /62750
Elevation31–74 m (102–243 ft)
(avg. 44 m or 144 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Loos-en-Gohelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.[3]

Geography

[edit]

It is a former coal mining town, three miles northwest of the centre of Lens. The two largest (184 m & 182 m) spoil heaps in Europe are in Loos-en-Gohelle, those of pits 11 and 19, and are visible for miles around. They are part of the mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais region that have become the 38th French site on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites as "a living and changing landscape".[4]

Population

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1968 7,733—    
1975 6,958−1.50%
1982 6,706−0.53%
1990 6,561−0.27%
1999 6,992+0.71%
2007 6,816−0.32%
2012 6,647−0.50%
2017 6,751+0.31%
Source: INSEE[5]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 16 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^ "INSEE commune file". Insee.fr. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
  4. ^ "The mines of the Nord-Pas de Calais make their debut as a UNESCO World Heritage Site". France.fr. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  5. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
[edit]
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