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Coordinates: 48°47′58″N 2°29′59″E / 48.7994°N 2.4997°E / 48.7994; 2.4997
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|INSEE = 94068
|INSEE = 94068
|postal code = 94100 (St Maur), 94210 (La Varenne)
|postal code = 94100 (St Maur), 94210 (La Varenne)
|mayor = [[Sylvain Berrios]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les maires|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503|publisher=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=13 September 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
|mayor = [[Sylvain Berrios]]
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|term = 2020&ndash;2026
|intercommunality = [[Grand Paris]]
|intercommunality = [[Grand Paris]]
Line 24: Line 24:
}}
}}


'''Saint-Maur-des-Fossés''' ({{IPA-fr|sɛ̃.moʁ.dɛ.fɔ.se}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in the southeastern suburbs of [[Paris]], [[France]]. It is located {{convert|11.7|km|1|abbr=off}} from the [[Kilometre Zero|center of Paris]].
'''Saint-Maur-des-Fossés''' ({{IPA|fr|sɛ̃ mɔʁ de fose|-|Fr-Paris--Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.ogg}}) is a [[Communes of France|commune]] in [[Val-de-Marne]], the southeastern [[suburbs of Paris|suburbs]] of [[Paris]], [[France]], {{convert|11.7|km|1|abbr=off}} from the [[Kilometre Zero|centre of Paris]].


==The abbey==
==History==
===Abbey===
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés owes its name to an [[abbey]] founded in 638 by Queen [[Nanthild]], regent for her son [[Clovis II]], at a place called ''Fossati'' in [[Medieval Latin]], ''Les Fossés'' in modern [[French language|French]], meaning "the moats". This place, located at the narrow entrance of a loop where the [[Marne River]] made its way round a rocky outcrop,<ref name="Saint-Maur au fil du temps">[http://www.saint-maur.com/default.aspx?param=histoire "Saint-Maur au fil du temps"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012010843/http://www.saint-maur.com/default.aspx?param=histoire |date=October 12, 2007 }}</ref> was probably named after the moats of an ancient [[Celts|Celtic]] [[oppidum]] and later a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Castra|castrum]]; the site was known in medieval documents as ''Castrum Bagaudarum'', at a time when the marauding [[Bagaudae]] had developed a legendary reputation as defenders of Christians again Roman persecution. Massive foundations, sited so far from a ''[[Limes (Roman Empire)|Roman frontier]]'', were attributed by C. Jullian<ref>C. Jullian discussed the medieval reputation of Bagaudes and the archaeology of the Saint-Maur site in ''Revue des Études Anciennes'' '''22''' (1920:07-17), noted by Sidney J. Deane, "Archaeological Discussions", ''American Journal of Archaeology'' '''25'''.2 (April 1921:195.)</ref> to a temple or a [[Roman villa|villa]] instead. In Merovingian times, [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] villas in the royal fisc were repeatedly donated as sites for monasteries under royal patronage.
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés owes its name to [[Saint-Maur Abbey]], founded in 638 by Queen [[Nanthild]], regent for her son [[Clovis II]], at a place called ''Fossati'' in [[Medieval Latin]] and ''Les Fossés'' in modern [[French language|French]], meaning "the moats". This place, located at the narrow entrance of a loop where the river [[Marne (river)|Marne]] made its way round a rocky outcrop,<ref name="Saint-Maur au fil du temps">[http://www.saint-maur.com/default.aspx?param=histoire "Saint-Maur au fil du temps"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012010843/http://www.saint-maur.com/default.aspx?param=histoire |date=October 12, 2007 }}</ref> was probably named after the moats of an ancient [[Celts|Celtic]] [[oppidum]] and later a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Castra|castrum]]; the site was known in medieval documents as ''Castrum Bagaudarum'', at a time when the marauding [[Bagaudae]] had developed a legendary reputation as defenders of Christians against Roman persecution. Massive foundations, sited so far from a ''[[Limes (Roman Empire)|Roman frontier]]'', were attributed by C. Jullian<ref>C. Jullian discussed the medieval reputation of Bagaudes and the archaeology of the Saint-Maur site in ''Revue des Études Anciennes'' '''22''' (1920:07-17), noted by Sidney J. Deane, "Archaeological Discussions", ''American Journal of Archaeology'' '''25'''.2 (April 1921:195.)</ref> to a temple or a [[Roman villa|villa]] instead. In Merovingian times, [[Gallo-Roman culture|Gallo-Roman]] villas in the royal fisc were repeatedly donated as sites for monasteries under royal patronage.


The abbey, dedicated to [[Saint Peter]], [[Saint Paul (apostle)|Saint Paul]] and the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]], was called ''Sanctus Petrus Fossatensis'' in Medieval Latin (''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' in French), meaning "Saint Peter of the Moats". In 868, King [[Charles the Bald]] invited the monks of the [[Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil]] (in [[Le Thoureil]], [[Maine-et-Loire]], western France), who had fled their abbey due to [[Viking]] invasion, to relocate to ''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' with their precious [[relic]]s of [[Saint Maurus]].
The abbey, dedicated to [[Saint Peter]], [[Saint Paul (apostle)|Saint Paul]] and the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]], was called ''Sanctus Petrus Fossatensis'' in Medieval Latin (''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' in French), meaning "Saint Peter of the Moats".{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} It was founded by Blidegisil, archdeacon of Paris, in 638. One of the early abbots was Saint [[Babolen]] (died {{circa|671}}).<ref>{{citation |url=https://archive.org/details/livesofirishsain06ohanuoft/page/806/mode/2up |accessdate=2021-08-22 |page=806 |title=Lives of the Irish Saints : with special festivals, and the commemorations of holy persons |last=O'Hanlon |first=John |year=1875 |location=Dublin |publisher=J. Duffy}}</ref>
In 868, King [[Charles the Bald]] invited the monks of the [[Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil]] (in [[Le Thoureil]], [[Maine-et-Loire]], western France), who had fled their abbey due to [[Viking]] invasion, to relocate to ''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' with their precious [[relic]]s of [[Saint Maurus]].


Later in the [[Middle Ages]], the relics of [[Saint Maurus]] became very famous as they were supposed to heal [[gout]] and [[epilepsy]], and ''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' became one of the most famous pilgrimage centers of medieval France. The rededication to Saint Maurus, in which abbey was renamed Saint-Maur-des-Fossés ("Saint Maurus of the Moats"), was justified by the story that during a drought in 1137, prayers to the Virgin and Saints Peter and Paul having been ineffective, prayer to Saint Maur brought the needed rainfall.<ref>Virginia Wylie Egbert, "St. Nicholas: The Fasting Child" ''The Art Bulletin'' '''46'''.1 (March 1964:69-70) p. 69 note 4.<!--a more specifically apposite reference could doubtless be found--></ref>
Later in the [[Middle Ages]], the relics of [[Saint Maurus]] became very famous as they were supposed to heal [[gout]] and [[epilepsy]], and ''Saint Pierre des Fossés'' became one of the most famous pilgrimage centers of medieval France. The rededication to Saint Maurus, in which abbey was renamed Saint-Maur-des-Fossés ("Saint Maurus of the Moats"), was justified by the story that during a drought in 1137, prayers to the Virgin and Saints Peter and Paul having been ineffective, prayer to Saint Maur brought the needed rainfall.<ref>Virginia Wylie Egbert, "St. Nicholas: The Fasting Child" ''The Art Bulletin'' '''46'''.1 (March 1964:69-70) p. 69 note 4.<!--a more specifically apposite reference could doubtless be found--></ref>


=={{Anchor|Château de Saint-Maur}}Château de Saint-Maur==
===Château===
The abbey was secularised in 1535, and in 1541, for [[Jean du Bellay|Cardinal Jean du Bellay]], bishop of Paris, the architect [[Philibert de l'Orme|Philibert Delorme]] designed a [[château]] on the site, on four ranges of building around a square central court. [[Catherine de' Medici]] was a frequent visitor, preferring it to the [[château de Vincennes]]; in 1563 she acquired this "château du Bellay", and substantially rebuilt it. On September 23, 1568, her teenage son, [[Charles IX of France|King Charles IX]], issued the [[Edict of Saint-Maur]], which prohibited all religions but [[Catholicism]]. It prompted fierce religious intolerance in [[Paris]] and eventually led to the 1572, [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]]. Building projects at the site were only interrupted by Catherine's death (1589); the château was sold to the [[#Prince of Condé|Condé family]] and was eventually completed, and furnished with extensive [[parterre]]s, at the end of the seventeenth century.
The abbey was secularised in 1535, and in 1541, the architect [[Philibert de l'Orme|Philibert Delorme]] designed a [[château]] on the site for [[Jean du Bellay|Cardinal Jean du Bellay]], bishop of Paris, on four ranges of building around a square central court. [[Catherine de' Medici]] was a frequent visitor, preferring it to the [[château de Vincennes]]; in 1563 she acquired [[Château de Saint-Maur|this "château du Bellay"]], and substantially rebuilt it. On September 23, 1568, her teenage son, [[Charles IX of France|King Charles IX]], issued the [[Edict of Saint-Maur]], which prohibited all religions but [[Catholicism]]. It prompted fierce religious intolerance in [[Paris]] and eventually led to the 1572, [[St. Bartholomew's Day massacre]]. Building projects at the site were only interrupted by Catherine's death (1589); the château was sold to the [[#Prince of Condé|Condé family]] and was eventually completed, and furnished with extensive [[parterre]]s, at the end of the seventeenth century.
[[File:Chateausaintmaur.jpg|thumb|<center>Château de Saint-Maur,<br />architect: [[Philibert de l'Orme]]</center>]]
[[File:Chateausaintmaur.jpg|thumb|{{center|Château de Saint-Maur,<br />architect: [[Philibert de l'Orme]]}}]]
The Château de Saint-Maur, still in the possession of the Condé family, was nationalised during the [[French Revolution]], emptied of its contents, and its terrains divided up among real-estate speculators. The structure was demolished for the value of its materials; virtually nothing remains.
The Château de Saint-Maur, still in the possession of the Condé family, was nationalised during the [[French Revolution]], emptied of its contents, and its terrains divided up among real-estate speculators. The structure was demolished for the value of its materials; virtually nothing remains.


==The village==
===Village===
[[File:Camille Pissarro 022.jpg|thumb|left|''La Varenne-de-St.-Hilaire'' by [[Camille Pissarro]], circa 1863]]
[[File:Camille Pissarro 022.jpg|thumb|left|''La Varenne-de-St.-Hilaire'' by [[Camille Pissarro]], circa 1863]]


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After the Revolution, the official name of the commune was simply Saint-Maur; it is only in 1897 that "des-Fossés" was re-added to the name, probably to conform to the historical name and also to distinguish Saint-Maur-des-Fossés from other communes of France also called Saint-Maur. In 1924, a few vestiges of the abbey were collected in the newly established Musée du vieux Saint-Maur.
After the Revolution, the official name of the commune was simply Saint-Maur; it is only in 1897 that "des-Fossés" was re-added to the name, probably to conform to the historical name and also to distinguish Saint-Maur-des-Fossés from other communes of France also called Saint-Maur. In 1924, a few vestiges of the abbey were collected in the newly established Musée du vieux Saint-Maur.


==Notable residents==
==In movies and literature==


[[Philippe Diolé]] (1908 &ndash; 1977), diver, writer and explorer, was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.<ref>[http://catalogue.bnf.fr/servlet/RechercheEquation?TexteCollection=HGARSTUVWXYZ1DIECBMJNQLOKP&TexteTypeDoc=DESNFPIBTMCJOV&Equation=IDP%3Dcb11900236d&FormatAffichage=0&host=catalogue Philippe Diolé, BNF official record]</ref>
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés was the filming location for the old-Paris sections of the 1958 [[Academy award]] winning film ''[[Mon Oncle]]'' by [[Jacques Tati]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050706/locations</ref> A statue of Tati in character as Monsieur Hulot along with two other characters from the film is visible in the Commune at Place d'Arme.<ref>https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g635792-d14063127-Reviews-Mon_Oncle_Hommage_a_Jacques_Tati-Saint_Maur_des_Fosses_Val_de_Marne_Ile_de_Franc.html</ref>


[[Roland Douce]] (1939–2018), plant biologist, was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.
==Famous residents==


[[Fabien Giroix]] (born 17 September 1960 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French racing driver.
[[Vincenzo Peruggia]], an Italian thief who stole the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' on 21 August 1911, died in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.<ref>{{in lang|it}} [https://archive.is/20120917212851/http://www.stilearte.it/articolo.asp?IDart=934 Mio padre, il ladro della Gioconda]</ref>

[[Philippe Diolé]] (1908 &ndash; 1977), diver, writer and explorer, was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.<ref>[http://catalogue.bnf.fr/servlet/RechercheEquation?TexteCollection=HGARSTUVWXYZ1DIECBMJNQLOKP&TexteTypeDoc=DESNFPIBTMCJOV&Equation=IDP%3Dcb11900236d&FormatAffichage=0&host=catalogue Philippe Diolé, BNF official record]</ref> [[Germaine Tailleferre]] (born 'Tallefesse'), (French: [19 April 1892 – 7 November 1983. Composer and the only female member of the group of composers known as Les Six. ref></re Shapiro, Robert (2011). Les Six: the French composers and their mentors, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie. London: Peter Owen. {{ISBN|9780720612936}}.f>


[[Manu Katché]] (born 27 October 1958 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French drummer and songwriter.
[[Manu Katché]] (born 27 October 1958 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French drummer and songwriter.


[[Vincenzo Peruggia]] (1881–1925), an Italian thief who stole the ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' on 21 August 1911, died in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.<ref>{{in lang|it}} [https://archive.today/20120917212851/http://www.stilearte.it/articolo.asp?IDart=934 Mio padre, il ladro della Gioconda]</ref>
[[Laurent Pimond]] (born 6 April 1965 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French [[Football player|footballer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laurent PIMOND|url=https://histoiredupsg.fr/laurent-pimond|access-date=28 July 2020|website=Histoire du #PSG}}</ref>

[[Laurent Pimond]] (born 6 April 1965 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a former French [[Football player|footballer]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Laurent PIMOND|url=https://histoiredupsg.fr/laurent-pimond|access-date=28 July 2020|website=Histoire du #PSG|date=30 May 2017}}</ref>

[[Germaine Tailleferre]] (1892–1983) was the only woman in the group of composers known as [[Les Six]].<ref>Shapiro, Robert (2011). Les Six: the French composers and their mentors, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie. London: Peter Owen. {{ISBN|9780720612936}}.</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
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==Demographics==
==Demographics==
===Population===
{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS<ref name=ehess>{{Cassini-Ehess|33527|Saint-Maur-des-Fossés}}</ref> and INSEE (1968-2017)<ref name=pophist>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-94068#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968], INSEE</ref>
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |800
|1800 |561
|1806 |700
|1821 |711
|1831 |825
|1836 |1073
|1841 |1609
|1846 |1561
|1851 |1565
|1856 |2431
|1861 |3944
|1866 |5621
|1872 |7438
|1876 |8433
|1881 |10492
|1886 |15802
|1891 |17333
|1896 |20503
|1901 |23035
|1906 |28238
|1911 |33852
|1921 |40183
|1926 |49745
|1931 |57164
|1936 |56740
|1946 |55520
|1954 |64387
|1962 |70397
|1968 |77251
|1975 |80920
|1982 |80811
|1990 |77206
|1999 |73069
|2007 |75748
|2012 |74176
|2017 |74859
|2019 |75888
}}


===Immigration===
===Immigration===
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|non-EU-15=5.5
|non-EU-15=5.5
}}
}}

==Politics==

Saint-Maur leans to the right in presidential elections, giving [[François Fillon]] 33% of its votes in the first round of the [[2017 French presidential election]].

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|EM]]
| 76.74
|-
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|EM]]
| 82.56
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 59.76
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 64.66
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 86.46
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[1995 French presidential election|1995]]
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 66.90
|}


==Transport==
==Transport==
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==Education==
==Education==
There are 25 public preschools (''écoles maternelles'') and primary schools in the commune.<ref>"[http://www.saint-maur.com/-Enfance- Enfance]." Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>
There are 25 public preschools (''écoles maternelles'') and primary schools in the commune.<ref>"[http://www.saint-maur.com/-Enfance- Enfance] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016170405/http://www.saint-maur.com/-Enfance- |date=2016-10-16 }}." Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>


Public junior high schools:
Public junior high schools:
*Collège Le Parc<ref>[http://www.education.gouv.fr/annuaire/94-val-de-marne/saint-maur-des-fosses/college/college-le-parc.html Home]. Collège Le Parc. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>
*Collège Le Parc<ref>[http://www.education.gouv.fr/annuaire/94-val-de-marne/saint-maur-des-fosses/college/college-le-parc.html Home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171112034124/http://www.education.gouv.fr/annuaire/94-val-de-marne/saint-maur-des-fosses/college/college-le-parc.html |date=2017-11-12 }}. Collège Le Parc. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>
*Collège Rabelais<ref>[http://www.college-rabelais.fr/ Home]. Collège Rabelais. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>
*Collège Rabelais<ref>[http://www.college-rabelais.fr/ Home]. Collège Rabelais. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.</ref>


Line 106: Line 201:


==Culture==
==Culture==
===Festivals===
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés organize a [[short subject|Short Subject]] Festival. Prizes (2008) : "The Note" by Jon Greenhalgh and [[Anne-Élisabeth Blateau]] as best actress.
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés organizes an annual [[short subject|Short Subject]] Festival.

===Film and literature===
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés was the filming location for the old-Paris sections of the 1958 [[Academy award]] winning film ''[[Mon Oncle]]'' by [[Jacques Tati]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050706/locations|title = Mon Oncle (1958) - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref> A statue of Tati in character as Monsieur Hulot along with two other characters from the film is visible in the Commune at Place d'Arme.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attraction_Review-g635792-d14063127-Reviews-Mon_Oncle_Hommage_a_Jacques_Tati-Saint_Maur_des_Fosses_Val_de_Marne_Ile_de_Franc.html|title = Mon Oncle - Hommage à Jacques Tati (Saint-Maur-des-Fosses) - 2021 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (With Photos)}}</ref>

==Sport==
[[US Lusitanos Saint-Maur]] was founded in 1966 by Portuguese immigrants who worked in a factory in the town. They play their games at the Stade Adolphe-Chéron.


==Twin towns - sister cities==
==Twin towns - sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Découvrez Saint-Maur|url=https://www.saint-maur.com/ma-mairie/decouvrir-saint-maur/decouvrez-saint-maur-95.html|website=saint-maur.com|publisher=Saint-Maur-des-Fossés|language=fr|accessdate=2019-11-18}}</ref>
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Découvrez Saint-Maur|url=https://www.saint-maur.com/ma-mairie/decouvrir-saint-maur/decouvrez-saint-maur-95.html|website=saint-maur.com|publisher=Saint-Maur-des-Fossés|language=fr|access-date=2019-11-18|archive-date=2016-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226203418/http://www.saint-maur.com/ma-mairie/decouvrir-saint-maur/decouvrez-saint-maur-95.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ramat HaSharon]], Israel
*{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Ramat HaSharon]], Israel
*{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Bognor Regis]], England, United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bognor Regis]], United Kingdom
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rimini]], Italy
*{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Rimini]], Italy
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[La Louvière]], Belgium
*{{flagicon|BEL}} [[La Louvière]], Belgium

Latest revision as of 08:13, 21 August 2024

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Commune
Town hall
Town hall
Coat of arms of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Coat of arms
Paris and inner ring départements
Paris and inner ring départements
Location of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Map
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is located in France
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is located in Île-de-France (region)
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Saint-Maur-des-Fossés
Coordinates: 48°47′58″N 2°29′59″E / 48.7994°N 2.4997°E / 48.7994; 2.4997
CountryFrance
RegionÎle-de-France
DepartmentVal-de-Marne
ArrondissementCréteil
CantonSaint-Maur-des-Fossés-1 and 2
IntercommunalityGrand Paris
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) Sylvain Berrios[1]
Area
1
11.25 km2 (4.34 sq mi)
Population
 (2021)[2]
75,441
 • Density6,700/km2 (17,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
94068 /94100 (St Maur), 94210 (La Varenne)
Elevation32–53 m (105–174 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ mɔʁ de fose] ⓘ) is a commune in Val-de-Marne, the southeastern suburbs of Paris, France, 11.7 kilometres (7.3 miles) from the centre of Paris.

History

[edit]

Abbey

[edit]

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés owes its name to Saint-Maur Abbey, founded in 638 by Queen Nanthild, regent for her son Clovis II, at a place called Fossati in Medieval Latin and Les Fossés in modern French, meaning "the moats". This place, located at the narrow entrance of a loop where the river Marne made its way round a rocky outcrop,[3] was probably named after the moats of an ancient Celtic oppidum and later a Roman castrum; the site was known in medieval documents as Castrum Bagaudarum, at a time when the marauding Bagaudae had developed a legendary reputation as defenders of Christians against Roman persecution. Massive foundations, sited so far from a Roman frontier, were attributed by C. Jullian[4] to a temple or a villa instead. In Merovingian times, Gallo-Roman villas in the royal fisc were repeatedly donated as sites for monasteries under royal patronage.

The abbey, dedicated to Saint Peter, Saint Paul and the Virgin Mary, was called Sanctus Petrus Fossatensis in Medieval Latin (Saint Pierre des Fossés in French), meaning "Saint Peter of the Moats".[citation needed] It was founded by Blidegisil, archdeacon of Paris, in 638. One of the early abbots was Saint Babolen (died c. 671).[5] In 868, King Charles the Bald invited the monks of the Abbey of Saint-Maur de Glanfeuil (in Le Thoureil, Maine-et-Loire, western France), who had fled their abbey due to Viking invasion, to relocate to Saint Pierre des Fossés with their precious relics of Saint Maurus.

Later in the Middle Ages, the relics of Saint Maurus became very famous as they were supposed to heal gout and epilepsy, and Saint Pierre des Fossés became one of the most famous pilgrimage centers of medieval France. The rededication to Saint Maurus, in which abbey was renamed Saint-Maur-des-Fossés ("Saint Maurus of the Moats"), was justified by the story that during a drought in 1137, prayers to the Virgin and Saints Peter and Paul having been ineffective, prayer to Saint Maur brought the needed rainfall.[6]

Château

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The abbey was secularised in 1535, and in 1541, the architect Philibert Delorme designed a château on the site for Cardinal Jean du Bellay, bishop of Paris, on four ranges of building around a square central court. Catherine de' Medici was a frequent visitor, preferring it to the château de Vincennes; in 1563 she acquired this "château du Bellay", and substantially rebuilt it. On September 23, 1568, her teenage son, King Charles IX, issued the Edict of Saint-Maur, which prohibited all religions but Catholicism. It prompted fierce religious intolerance in Paris and eventually led to the 1572, St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. Building projects at the site were only interrupted by Catherine's death (1589); the château was sold to the Condé family and was eventually completed, and furnished with extensive parterres, at the end of the seventeenth century.

Château de Saint-Maur,
architect: Philibert de l'Orme

The Château de Saint-Maur, still in the possession of the Condé family, was nationalised during the French Revolution, emptied of its contents, and its terrains divided up among real-estate speculators. The structure was demolished for the value of its materials; virtually nothing remains.

Village

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La Varenne-de-St.-Hilaire by Camille Pissarro, circa 1863

The little settlement that grew around the abbey, known as Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, developed a market during the thirteenth century.[3] The present territory also includes a formerly distinct village, La Varenne-Saint-Hilaire, against the perimeter of the nearby game preserve of Saint-Hilaire, part of the abbey's domaines.

In 1791, part of the territory of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés was detached and became the commune of La Branche-du-Pont-de-Saint-Maur, later renamed Joinville-le-Pont.

After the abbey itself was abandoned, its church providing building materials in the town. During the French Revolution, Saint-Maur-des-Fossés was temporarily renamed Vivant-sur-Marne (meaning "Alive upon Marne") in a gesture of rejection of religion.

After the Revolution, the official name of the commune was simply Saint-Maur; it is only in 1897 that "des-Fossés" was re-added to the name, probably to conform to the historical name and also to distinguish Saint-Maur-des-Fossés from other communes of France also called Saint-Maur. In 1924, a few vestiges of the abbey were collected in the newly established Musée du vieux Saint-Maur.

Notable residents

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Philippe Diolé (1908 – 1977), diver, writer and explorer, was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.[7]

Roland Douce (1939–2018), plant biologist, was born in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.

Fabien Giroix (born 17 September 1960 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French racing driver.

Manu Katché (born 27 October 1958 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a French drummer and songwriter.

Vincenzo Peruggia (1881–1925), an Italian thief who stole the Mona Lisa on 21 August 1911, died in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.[8]

Laurent Pimond (born 6 April 1965 in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés) is a former French footballer.[9]

Germaine Tailleferre (1892–1983) was the only woman in the group of composers known as Les Six.[10]

Geography

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Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is almost entirely surrounded by a loop of the river Marne.

12th-14th century St Nicolas Church in the historical center of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.

Demographics

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Population

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Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1793 800—    
1800 561−4.94%
1806 700+3.76%
1821 711+0.10%
1831 825+1.50%
1836 1,073+5.40%
1841 1,609+8.44%
1846 1,561−0.60%
1851 1,565+0.05%
1856 2,431+9.21%
1861 3,944+10.16%
1866 5,621+7.34%
1872 7,438+4.78%
1876 8,433+3.19%
1881 10,492+4.47%
1886 15,802+8.54%
1891 17,333+1.87%
1896 20,503+3.42%
1901 23,035+2.36%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1906 28,238+4.16%
1911 33,852+3.69%
1921 40,183+1.73%
1926 49,745+4.36%
1931 57,164+2.82%
1936 56,740−0.15%
1946 55,520−0.22%
1954 64,387+1.87%
1962 70,397+1.12%
1968 77,251+1.56%
1975 80,920+0.67%
1982 80,811−0.02%
1990 77,206−0.57%
1999 73,069−0.61%
2007 75,748+0.45%
2012 74,176−0.42%
2017 74,859+0.18%
2019 75,888+0.68%
Source: EHESS[11] and INSEE (1968-2017)[12]

Immigration

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Place of birth of residents of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés in 1999
Born in metropolitan France Born outside metropolitan France
85.0% 15.0%
Born in
overseas France 		Born in foreign countries with French citizenship at birth1 EU-15 immigrants2 Non-EU-15 immigrants
0.7% 3.6% 5.2% 5.5%
1 This group is made up largely of former French settlers, such as pieds-noirs in Northwest Africa, followed by former colonial citizens who had French citizenship at birth (such as was often the case for the native elite in French colonies), as well as to a lesser extent foreign-born children of French expatriates. A foreign country is understood as a country not part of France in 1999, so a person born for example in 1950 in Algeria, when Algeria was an integral part of France, is nonetheless listed as a person born in a foreign country in French statistics.

2 An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants.

Politics

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Saint-Maur leans to the right in presidential elections, giving François Fillon 33% of its votes in the first round of the 2017 French presidential election.

Election Winning candidate Party %
2022 Emmanuel Macron EM 76.74
2017 Emmanuel Macron EM 82.56
2012 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 59.76
2007 Nicolas Sarkozy UMP 64.66
2002 Jacques Chirac RPR 86.46
1995 Jacques Chirac RPR 66.90

Transport

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Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is served by four stations on Paris RER line A: Saint-Maur – Créteil, Le Parc de Saint-Maur, Champigny, and La Varenne – Chennevières.

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is also served by many buses, like the TVM (Trans-Val-de-Marne), where Saint-Maur-Créteil is one of the bus terminal.

Education

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There are 25 public preschools (écoles maternelles) and primary schools in the commune.[13]

Public junior high schools:

  • Collège Le Parc[14]
  • Collège Rabelais[15]

Public senior high schools:

Private schools:

Culture

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Festivals

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Saint-Maur-des-Fossés organizes an annual Short Subject Festival.

Film and literature

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Saint-Maur-des-Fossés was the filming location for the old-Paris sections of the 1958 Academy award winning film Mon Oncle by Jacques Tati.[20] A statue of Tati in character as Monsieur Hulot along with two other characters from the film is visible in the Commune at Place d'Arme.[21]

Sport

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US Lusitanos Saint-Maur was founded in 1966 by Portuguese immigrants who worked in a factory in the town. They play their games at the Stade Adolphe-Chéron.

Twin towns - sister cities

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See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Saint-Maur-des-Fossés is twinned with:[22]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b "Saint-Maur au fil du temps" Archived October 12, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ C. Jullian discussed the medieval reputation of Bagaudes and the archaeology of the Saint-Maur site in Revue des Études Anciennes 22 (1920:07-17), noted by Sidney J. Deane, "Archaeological Discussions", American Journal of Archaeology 25.2 (April 1921:195.)
  5. ^ O'Hanlon, John (1875), Lives of the Irish Saints : with special festivals, and the commemorations of holy persons, Dublin: J. Duffy, p. 806, retrieved 2021-08-22
  6. ^ Virginia Wylie Egbert, "St. Nicholas: The Fasting Child" The Art Bulletin 46.1 (March 1964:69-70) p. 69 note 4.
  7. ^ Philippe Diolé, BNF official record
  8. ^ (in Italian) Mio padre, il ladro della Gioconda
  9. ^ "Laurent PIMOND". Histoire du #PSG. 30 May 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  10. ^ Shapiro, Robert (2011). Les Six: the French composers and their mentors, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie. London: Peter Owen. ISBN 9780720612936.
  11. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, EHESS (in French).
  12. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  13. ^ "Enfance Archived 2016-10-16 at the Wayback Machine." Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  14. ^ Home Archived 2017-11-12 at the Wayback Machine. Collège Le Parc. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  15. ^ Home. Collège Rabelais. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  16. ^ Home. Lycée Marcelin Berthelot. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  17. ^ Home. Ensemble scolaire Saint-André. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  18. ^ Home. Ecole et collège Jeanne D'Arc. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  19. ^ Home. Lycée Teilhard de Chardin. Retrieved on September 6, 2016.
  20. ^ "Mon Oncle (1958) - IMDb". IMDb.
  21. ^ "Mon Oncle - Hommage à Jacques Tati (Saint-Maur-des-Fosses) - 2021 All You Need to Know BEFORE You Go (With Photos)".
  22. ^ "Découvrez Saint-Maur". saint-maur.com (in French). Saint-Maur-des-Fossés. Archived from the original on 2016-12-26. Retrieved 2019-11-18.
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