National Docks Secondary: Difference between revisions

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Latest revision as of 07:35, 1 July 2024

As seen in map circa 1905, rail lines dominated the city at the turn of the century. The National Docks Railway ran along the shores of the not yet landfilled bay, now site of Liberty State Park

National Docks Secondary is a freight rail line within Conrail's North Jersey Shared Assets Area in Hudson County, New Jersey, used by CSX Transportation. It provides access for the national rail network to maritime, industrial, and distribution facilities at Port Jersey, the Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY), and Constable Hook as well as carfloat operations at Greenville Yard. The line is an important component in the planned expansion of facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey. The single track right of way comprises rail beds, viaducts, bridges, and tunnels originally developed at the end of the 19th century by competing railroads.

Route

The line is used to access the port at the Upper New York Bay, which lies east of those crossing the Northeast Corridor. It runs parallel to the New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension for most of its length and passes through a cut in the Hudson Palisades. It travels north-south on the east side of Bergen Hill and through a short tunnel crossing beneath the PATH rapid transit system. At its southern end trains cross Newark Bay over the Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge to the Oak Island Yard in Newark. At is northern end the line travels through Bergen Hill via the Long Dock Tunnel and after passing under Tonnelle Avenue junctions with the Northern Running Track. At North Bergen Yard, the line becomes the River Subdivision.^[1] It is an alternate, or secondary, route to the Passaic and Harsimus Line across the Kearny Meadows for trains passing through the Port of New York and New Jersey.

Renewal and expansion of port

The National Docks Secondary is an integral component in the anticipated expansion of the Liberty Corridor ^[2]^[3]^[4] and Cross Harbor Freight Movement projects, including the intermodal container transhipment operations on the west side of the Upper New York Bay in the Port of New York and New Jersey. To that end, as of 2010, the track is being restored, tunnel clearances increased, and redundant overhead bridges removed to allow double stacking of the high-cube containers increasingly favored for intermodal transportation.^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7] The line will connect with ExpressRail Port Jersey, a ship-to-rail container transfer operation, planned to open in 2014,^[8] and to the planned new post-Panamax container terminal at MOTBY.^[9] As of June 2018, the crossing Chapel Avenue was updated and expanded at and siding tracks added between Linden Avenue and Liberty State Park.

History

The line is a remnant of the extensive freight rail infrastructure that once dominated much of the Hudson County, its right of way a combination of routes originally developed by different companies. The name is taken from the National Docks Railway which maintained yards and a storage depot at Black Tom, an island in the Upper New York Bay that was greatly expanded by land reclamation and connected to the north of Caven Point by a long causeway.^[10]^[11] The line was built during an era of tremendous growth along the west shores of the bay and the North River (Hudson River), fueled by competing railroads wishing to gain access to the harbor to develop shipping and carfloat operations as well as intermodal passenger transport terminals.^[12]^[13]

Standard Oil era

The complex history of the line reflects the shifting alliances between competing railroads in the region. The National Storage Company was an arm of Standard Oil, which constructed storage and lighterage facilities on Black Tom Island and the Communipaw shoreline in 1876.^[14] Standard Oil had a contract with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) for transporting oil, but the railroad's charter prevented it from extending a line from its cut through Bergen Hill to the National Storage facility. The National Storage Company was thus compelled to use the Central Railroad of New Jersey, which had tracks adjacent to the Black Tom facility.^[15]

To circumvent the restrictions on the Pennsylvania Railroad's charter, Standard Oil and the Pennsylvania colluded in 1879 to create the National Docks Railway Company, connecting the National Storage facilities directly to the Pennsylvania line. The line would of necessity run through the property of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and the Central strongly objected to the condemnation of its land for the benefit of its competitor.^[15] After an extended legal battle, the National Docks won a surprise concession in 1882 from the Jersey City aldermen to build an elevated track between the junction with the PRR and the oil docks,^[16] and the line was quickly constructed and opened in 1883, operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The line was subsequently extended as the Bergen Neck Railroad to Constable Hook in Bayonne where Standard Oil had additional facilities.^[14] In 1891, the Bergen Neck Railroad and the National Docks Railway were consolidated.^[17]

Six years after its initial construction, Standard Oil reached an agreement in 1889 with the New York Central Railroad (NYC) to connect the National Docks Railway with the NYC's West Shore Railroad at National Junction.^[1] The line consisted of the New Jersey Junction Railroad and the National Docks and New-Jersey Junction Connecting Railroad, with the National Docks Railway coming under the control of the NYC. It was now the Pennsylvania's turn to protest against the crossing of its property, and a costly "frog war" ensued.^[12] When it was finally completed in 1897, the 450-foot (140 m) long tunnel under Pennsylvania's Waldo Avenue yards had cost $750,000, twice what had been projected.^[18]^[19]

Lehigh Valley era

The Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) initially reached its terminal on the Morris Canal Basin over the Central Railroad's line and later obtained trackage rights on the National Docks Railway. To protect access to its terminal, the LVRR acquired a half-interest in the National Docks in 1890.^[20] In 1891, the LVRR consolidated its other holdings in northeastern New Jersey to form the Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway,^[17] and it began running a route on a bridge over Newark Bay in 1892.^[21]^[22]

In 1897, another consolidation took place with the merger of the National Docks Railway Company, New Jersey Junction Connecting Railway Company, the Kill von Kull Railway, and Bay Creek Railway, the latter two being short lines running south to Bayonne. The merged company was known as the National Docks Railway. Much of the company was eventually absorbed by the Lehigh Valley Railroad in 1898.^[1] By 1900, the LVRR had full ownership of the line to its terminal at the mouth of the Hudson.^[23] Under the direction of the LVRR, the National Docks Railway remained an important connecting line along the Hudson Waterfront, handling traffic for the Erie, New York Central, and Pennsylvania.^[1]

In 1911, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad, the forerunner of the Port Authority Trans Hudson, opened a tunnel under the PRR right of way from its Exchange Place terminal.^[24] It emerges in the yard and passes over what is now known as the Waldo Tunnel. The New Jersey Junction Railroad later became part of Conrail's River Line until it was abandoned, and the right of way in Hoboken and Weehawken is now used by Hudson Bergen Light Rail.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Heiss, Ralph (August 24, 2009). The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey. Arcadia Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7385-6576-7.
^ "Cross Harbor". Crossharborfreight.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-03-18.
^ ^a ^b "Liberty Corridor National Docks Rail" (Press release). New Jersey Transit. May 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
^ Tirella, Tricia (Oct 17, 2010). "24 million in railway improvement celebrated north Hudson driver see more 'efficient' trains, fewer train crossing delays". Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
^ "Northern New Jersey" (PDF). How Tomorrow Moves. CSX. October 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-11-19.
^ Consolidated Rail Corporation (May 11, 2009). "Freight Service". Archived from the original on July 22, 2012.
^ Richard Grubb and Associates. "Conrail Bergen Tunnel/Waldo Tunnel Improvements" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-11-29.
^ Strunsky, Steve (October 21, 2010). "Port Authority begins development of ship-to-rail container facility in Jersey City". Star-Ledger. Newark. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
^ Sullivan, Al (Aug 4, 2010). "Will open a port, not new housing BLRA sells waterfront property to Port Authority for $235M". Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
^ "The Point Of Rocks Line More about the Little Railroad" (PDF). New York Times. September 8, 1879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
^ Carmela Karnoutsos (2009). "Black Tom Explosion". New Jersey City University. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Great Railroads At War Fighting to Secure Lands on Jersey Shore" (PDF). New York Times. December 15, 1889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ "WEEHAWKEN IMPROVEMENTS; Filling up of the Cove--New Railroads--A City of Termini over the River" (PDF). The New York Times. June 4, 1869. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
^ ^a ^b Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations. New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission. Dec 16, 1920. p. 116. national docks lehigh valley.
^ ^a ^b "The Point Of Rocks Line An Important Railroad Suit" (PDF). New York Times. August 13, 1879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ "Stultified Legislators. The Jersey City Aldermen Vote Away Many Valuable Grants" (PDF). New York Times. April 4, 1889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ ^a ^b "News About Railroads Consolidation of Several New Jersey Roads" (PDF). New York Times. August 27, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ "A Small Costly Tunnel" (PDF). New York Times. July 5, 1896. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
^ "The Short Line of the New Jersey Junction Company Practically Completed A Bitter Struggle Ended" (PDF). New York Times. March 11, 1897. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
^ Lehigh Valley Railroad Company (1885). Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1890. p. 15.
^ "Lehigh Valley in Jersey" (PDF). New York Times. January 15, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
^ Lehigh Valley Railroad Company (1885). Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1892. p. 9.
^ "Lehigh Valley Merger Railway System's Subsidiary Lines Consolidated" (PDF). New York Times. July 30, 1900. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
^ "Improve Transit Facilities by Newark High Spreed Line" (PDF). New York Times. October 11, 1911. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

External links

40°44′08″N 74°03′27″W / 40.7355°N 74.0574°W / 40.7355; -74.0574 (Long Dock Tunnel center) northern end
40°41′49″N 74°04′19″W / 40.697°N 74.072°W / 40.697; -74.072 midsection
40°41′57″N 74°07′10″W / 40.699052°N 74.119574°W / 40.699052; -74.119574 southern end
YouTube:Cabride on National Docks Secondary from Long Dock Tunnel to Liberty State Park
Blue Comet website photo: Conrail seen passing JCMC
National Aemerican Engineering Record
RRpicarchiives
Cross Harbor Freight Movement Project
HAER

[LVacrossNJ-1] Heiss, Ralph (August 24, 2009). The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey. Arcadia Publishing. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7385-6576-7.

[2] "Cross Harbor". Crossharborfreight.net. Archived from the original on 2012-03-16. Retrieved 2012-03-18.

[Libertycorridor-3] "Liberty Corridor National Docks Rail" (Press release). New Jersey Transit. May 2008. Archived from the original on 2011-12-19. Retrieved 2010-11-21.

[24million-4] Tirella, Tricia (Oct 17, 2010). "24 million in railway improvement celebrated north Hudson driver see more 'efficient' trains, fewer train crossing delays". Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on 2011-07-12. Retrieved 2011-02-27.

[5] "Northern New Jersey" (PDF). How Tomorrow Moves. CSX. October 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-11-19.

[6] Consolidated Rail Corporation (May 11, 2009). "Freight Service". Archived from the original on July 22, 2012.

[7] Richard Grubb and Associates. "Conrail Bergen Tunnel/Waldo Tunnel Improvements" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2010-11-29.

[8] Strunsky, Steve (October 21, 2010). "Port Authority begins development of ship-to-rail container facility in Jersey City". Star-Ledger. Newark. Archived from the original on November 26, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2010.

[9] Sullivan, Al (Aug 4, 2010). "Will open a port, not new housing BLRA sells waterfront property to Port Authority for $235M". Hudson Reporter. Archived from the original on 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2010-11-20.

[10] "The Point Of Rocks Line More about the Little Railroad" (PDF). New York Times. September 8, 1879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2010-11-20.

[njcu-11] Carmela Karnoutsos (2009). "Black Tom Explosion". New Jersey City University. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved July 5, 2009.

[War-12] "Great Railroads At War Fighting to Secure Lands on Jersey Shore" (PDF). New York Times. December 15, 1889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-06-18. Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[13] "WEEHAWKEN IMPROVEMENTS; Filling up of the Cove--New Railroads--A City of Termini over the River" (PDF). The New York Times. June 4, 1869. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 30, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2018.

[JointReport-14] Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations. New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission. Dec 16, 1920. p. 116. national docks lehigh valley.

[NYT18790813-15] "The Point Of Rocks Line An Important Railroad Suit" (PDF). New York Times. August 13, 1879. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[NYT18820428-16] "Stultified Legislators. The Jersey City Aldermen Vote Away Many Valuable Grants" (PDF). New York Times. April 4, 1889. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[NYT18910827-17] "News About Railroads Consolidation of Several New Jersey Roads" (PDF). New York Times. August 27, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[NYT18960705-18] "A Small Costly Tunnel" (PDF). New York Times. July 5, 1896. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-08-19. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[19] "The Short Line of the New Jersey Junction Company Practically Completed A Bitter Struggle Ended" (PDF). New York Times. March 11, 1897. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-20.

[20] Lehigh Valley Railroad Company (1885). Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1890. p. 15.

[21] "Lehigh Valley in Jersey" (PDF). New York Times. January 15, 1891. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-16.

[22] Lehigh Valley Railroad Company (1885). Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1892. p. 9.

[23] "Lehigh Valley Merger Railway System's Subsidiary Lines Consolidated" (PDF). New York Times. July 30, 1900. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-11-30. Retrieved 2010-11-20.

[24] "Improve Transit Facilities by Newark High Spreed Line" (PDF). New York Times. October 11, 1911. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-02-08. Retrieved 2010-11-22.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Railway line in New Jersey}}
 [[File:BlackTom.jpg|thumb|right|As seen in map circa 1905, rail lines dominated the city at the turn of the century. The National Docks Railway ran along the shores of the not yet landfilled bay, now site of [[Liberty State Park]]]]
 [[File:National Docks Secondary at Pacific & Grand Jersey City.jpg|thumb|Bridge from embankment to trestle at Pacific and Grand]]
 [[File:National Docks Secondary viaduct.jpg|thumb|right|Viaduct crossing Lower Jersey City]]
 [[File:National Docks Tunnel under PATH and Waldo Yard.jpg|thumb|right|Tunnel rebuilt to handle higher clearances]]
-'''National Docks Secondary''' is [[freight rail transport|freight rail line]] within [[Conrail]]'s [[North Jersey Shared Assets Area]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]], used by [[CSX Transportation]]. It provides access for the national rail network to maritime, industrial, and distribution facilities at [[Port Jersey]], the [[Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne]] (MOTBY), and [[Constable Hook]] as well as [[carfloat]] operations at [[Greenville Yard]]. The line is an important component in the planned expansion of facilities in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]]. The single track [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] comprises rail beds, viaducts, bridges, and tunnels originally developed at the end of the 19th century by competing railroads.
+'''National Docks Secondary''' is a [[freight rail transport|freight rail line]] within [[Conrail]]'s [[North Jersey Shared Assets Area]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]], used by [[CSX Transportation]]. It provides access for the national rail network to maritime, industrial, and distribution facilities at [[Port Jersey]], the [[Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne]] (MOTBY), and [[Constable Hook]] as well as [[carfloat]] operations at [[Greenville Yard]]. The line is an important component in the planned expansion of facilities in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]]. The single track [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] comprises rail beds, viaducts, bridges, and tunnels originally developed at the end of the 19th century by competing railroads.
 ==Route==
-The line is used to access the port at the [[Upper New York Bay]], which lies east of those crossing the [[Northeast Corridor]]. It runs parallel to the [[New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension]] for most of its length and passes through a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] in the [[Hudson Palisades]]. It travels north-south on the east side of [[Bergen Hill]] and through a short tunnel crossing beneath the [[Port Authority Trans Hudson|PATH]] rapid transit system. At its southern end trains cross [[Newark Bay]] over the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge]] to the [[Oak Island Yard]] in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]].  At is northern end the line travels through [[Bergen Hill]] via the [[Long Dock Tunnel]] and after passing under [[Tonnelle Avenue]] junctions with the [[Northern Running Track]]. At [[North Bergen Yard]], the line becomes the [[River Subdivision (CSX Transportation)|River Subdivision]].<ref name=LVacrossNJ>{{Cite book   | last = Heiss   | first = Ralph   | title = The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey   | publisher = Arcadia Publishing   | date = August 24, 2009   | page = 128   | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BfbYjCQvLvcC&q=National+Docks+and+New+Jersey+Junction+Connecting+Railway&pg=PA101   | isbn = 978-0-7385-6576-7}}</ref> It is an alternate, or secondary, route to the [[Passaic and Harsimus Line]] across the [[West Hudson, New Jersey|Kearny Meadows]] for trains passing through the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]]. As of June 2018, Crossing updated and expanded at Chapel Avenue and siding tracks have been added between Linden Avenue and Liberty State Park.
+The line is used to access the port at the [[Upper New York Bay]], which lies east of those crossing the [[Northeast Corridor]]. It runs parallel to the [[New Jersey Turnpike Newark Bay Extension]] for most of its length and passes through a [[cut (earthmoving)|cut]] in the [[Hudson Palisades]]. It travels north-south on the east side of [[Bergen Hill]] and through a short tunnel crossing beneath the [[Port Authority Trans Hudson|PATH]] rapid transit system. At its southern end trains cross [[Newark Bay]] over the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge]] to the [[Oak Island Yard]] in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]].  At is northern end the line travels through [[Bergen Hill]] via the [[Long Dock Tunnel]] and after passing under [[Tonnelle Avenue]] junctions with the [[Northern Running Track]]. At [[North Bergen Yard]], the line becomes the [[River Subdivision (CSX Transportation)|River Subdivision]].<ref name=LVacrossNJ>{{Cite book   | last = Heiss   | first = Ralph   | title = The Lehigh Valley Railroad Across New Jersey   | publisher = Arcadia Publishing   | date = August 24, 2009   | page = 128   | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=BfbYjCQvLvcC&q=National+Docks+and+New+Jersey+Junction+Connecting+Railway&pg=PA101   | isbn = 978-0-7385-6576-7}}</ref> It is an alternate, or secondary, route to the [[Passaic and Harsimus Line]] across the [[West Hudson, New Jersey|Kearny Meadows]] for trains passing through the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]].
 ==Renewal and expansion of port==
-The National Docks Secondary is an integral component in the anticipated expansion of the Liberty Corridor <ref>{{cite web|url=http://crossharborfreight.net/map.htm |title=Cross Harbor |publisher=Crossharborfreight.net |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref><ref name = "Libertycorridor"/><ref name = 24million>{{Cite news
+The National Docks Secondary is an integral component in the anticipated expansion of the Liberty Corridor <ref>{{cite web |url=http://crossharborfreight.net/map.htm |title=Cross Harbor |publisher=Crossharborfreight.net |access-date=2012-03-18 |archive-date=2012-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316120018/http://crossharborfreight.net/map.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name = "Libertycorridor"/><ref name = 24million>{{Cite news
   | last = Tirella
   | first = Tricia
@@ Line 16: / Line 17: @@
   | date = Oct 17, 2010
   | url = http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/9929616/article--24-million-in-railway-improvements-celebrated-North-Hudson-drivers-may-see-more-%E2%80%98efficient%E2%80%99-trains--fewer-train-crossing-delays-?
+  | access-date = 2011-02-27
-  | access-date = 2011-02-27}}</ref>  and Cross Harbor Freight Movement projects, including the [[intermodal container]] [[transhipment]] operations on the west side of the [[Upper New York Bay]] in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]]. To that end, as of 2010, the track is being restored, tunnel clearances increased, and redundant overhead bridges removed to allow [[Double-stack rail transport|double stacking of the high-cube containers]] increasingly favored for intermodal transportation.<ref name="Libertycorridor">{{Cite press release   | title = Liberty Corridor National Docks Rail    | publisher = [[New Jersey Transit]]   | date = May 2008   | url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/works/libertycorridor/nationaldocks.shtm   }}</ref><ref>{{cite web   | title = Northern New Jersey   | work = How Tomorrow Moves   | publisher = [[CSX]]   | date = October 2009   | url = http://www.railshippers.com/regional/northeast/getz_presentation.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-19 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =[[Conrail|Consolidated Rail Corporation]]| title =Freight Service| date =May 11, 2009| url =http://www.conrail.com/freight.htm| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120722080814/http://www.conrail.com/freight.htm| archive-date =July 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>
+  | archive-date = 2011-07-12
+  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110712230735/http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/9929616/article--24-million-in-railway-improvements-celebrated-North-Hudson-drivers-may-see-more-%E2%80%98efficient%E2%80%99-trains--fewer-train-crossing-delays-
+  | url-status = live
+  }}</ref>  and Cross Harbor Freight Movement projects, including the [[intermodal container]] [[transhipment]] operations on the west side of the [[Upper New York Bay]] in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]]. To that end, as of 2010, the track is being restored, tunnel clearances increased, and redundant overhead bridges removed to allow [[Double-stack rail transport|double stacking of the high-cube containers]] increasingly favored for intermodal transportation.<ref name="Libertycorridor">{{Cite press release   | title = Liberty Corridor National Docks Rail   | publisher = [[New Jersey Transit]]   | date = May 2008   | url = http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/works/libertycorridor/nationaldocks.shtm   | access-date = 2010-11-21   | archive-date = 2011-12-19   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20111219161436/http://www.state.nj.us/transportation/works/libertycorridor/nationaldocks.shtm   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref>{{cite web   | title = Northern New Jersey   | work = How Tomorrow Moves   | publisher = [[CSX]]   | date = October 2009   | url = http://www.railshippers.com/regional/northeast/getz_presentation.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-19   | archive-date = 2011-07-15   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110715151436/http://www.railshippers.com/regional/northeast/getz_presentation.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =Consolidated Rail Corporation| author-link =Conrail| title =Freight Service| date =May 11, 2009| url =http://www.conrail.com/freight.htm| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20120722080814/http://www.conrail.com/freight.htm| archive-date =July 22, 2012}}</ref><ref>
 {{cite web| last =Richard Grubb and Associates| title =Conrail Bergen Tunnel/Waldo Tunnel Improvements| url =http://www.richardgrubb.com/RR%20Bergen%20Waldo%20Tunnel.pdf| access-date =2010-11-29| url-status =dead| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110715182908/http://www.richardgrubb.com/RR%20Bergen%20Waldo%20Tunnel.pdf| archive-date =2011-07-15}}
-</ref> The line will connect with [[ExpressRail]] Port Jersey, a ship-to-rail container transfer operation, planned to open in 2014,<ref>{{Cite news    | last = Strunsky   | first = Steve   | title = Port Authority begins development of ship-to-rail container facility in Jersey City   | newspaper = Star-Ledger   | location = Newark   | date = October 21, 2010   | url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/10/port_authority_begins_developm.html   }}</ref> and to the planned new [[Panamax|post-Panamax]] [[container terminal]] at [[MOTBY]].<ref>{{Cite news    | last = Sullivan    | first = Al   | title = Will open a port, not new housing BLRA sells waterfront property to Port Authority for $235M   | newspaper = Hudson Reporter   | date = Aug 4, 2010   | url = http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/8990036/article-Will-open-a-port--not-new-housing-BLRA-sells-waterfront-property-to-Port-Authority-for--235M-?instance=bayonne_story_left_column   | access-date = 2010-11-20 }}</ref>
+</ref> The line will connect with [[ExpressRail]] Port Jersey, a ship-to-rail container transfer operation, planned to open in 2014,<ref>{{Cite news   | last = Strunsky   | first = Steve   | title = Port Authority begins development of ship-to-rail container facility in Jersey City   | newspaper = Star-Ledger   | location = Newark   | date = October 21, 2010   | url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/10/port_authority_begins_developm.html   | access-date = November 21, 2010   | archive-date = November 26, 2010   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101126200322/http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/10/port_authority_begins_developm.html   | url-status = live   }}</ref> and to the planned new [[Panamax|post-Panamax]] [[container terminal]] at [[MOTBY]].<ref>{{Cite news   | last = Sullivan   | first = Al   | title = Will open a port, not new housing BLRA sells waterfront property to Port Authority for $235M   | newspaper = Hudson Reporter   | date = Aug 4, 2010   | url = http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/8990036/article-Will-open-a-port--not-new-housing-BLRA-sells-waterfront-property-to-Port-Authority-for--235M-?instance=bayonne_story_left_column   | access-date = 2010-11-20   | archive-date = 2012-02-27   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120227102408/http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_stories_home/8990036/article-Will-open-a-port--not-new-housing-BLRA-sells-waterfront-property-to-Port-Authority-for--235M-?instance=bayonne_story_left_column   | url-status = live   }}</ref> As of June 2018, the crossing Chapel Avenue was updated and expanded at and siding tracks added between Linden Avenue and [[Liberty State Park]].
 ==History==
-The line is a remnant of the extensive freight rail infrastructure that once dominated much of the [[Hudson County]], its [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] a combination of routes originally developed by different companies. The name is taken from the '''National Docks Railway''' which maintained yards and a storage depot at [[Black Tom explosion|Black Tom]], an island in the [[Upper New York Bay]] that was greatly expanded by [[land reclamation]] and connected to the north of [[Caven Point]] by a long [[causeway]].<ref>{{Cite news    | title = The Point Of Rocks Line More about the Little Railroad   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = September 8, 1879   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/09/08/81762152.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20}}</ref><ref name="njcu">{{cite web|year = 2009|url = http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Black_Tom_Explosion.htm|title = Black Tom Explosion|publisher = [[New Jersey City University]]|access-date = July 5, 2009|last = Carmela Karnoutsos|archive-url = https://www.webcitation.org/5wDkhXaeg?url=http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Black_Tom_Explosion.htm|archive-date = February 3, 2011|url-status = dead}}</ref>
+The line is a remnant of the extensive freight rail infrastructure that once dominated much of the [[Hudson County]], its [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] a combination of routes originally developed by different companies. The name is taken from the '''National Docks Railway''' which maintained yards and a storage depot at [[Black Tom explosion|Black Tom]], an island in the [[Upper New York Bay]] that was greatly expanded by [[land reclamation]] and connected to the north of [[Caven Point]] by a long [[causeway]].<ref>{{Cite news   | title = The Point Of Rocks Line More about the Little Railroad   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = September 8, 1879   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/09/08/81762152.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20   | archive-date = 2020-09-22   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200922161405/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/09/08/81762152.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref name="njcu">{{cite web|year = 2009|url = http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/Pages/B_Pages/Black_Tom_Explosion.htm|title = Black Tom Explosion|publisher = [[New Jersey City University]]|access-date = July 5, 2009|last = Carmela Karnoutsos|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101205013226/http://www.njcu.edu/programs/jchistory/pages/b_pages/black_tom_explosion.htm|archive-date = December 5, 2010|url-status = dead}}</ref>
-The line was built during an era of tremendous growth along the west shores of the bay and the [[North River (Hudson River)]], fueled by competing railroads wishing to gain access to the harbor to develop [[shipping]] and [[carfloat]] operations as well as [[intermodal passenger transport]] terminals.<ref name="War">{{Cite news    | title = Great Railroads At War Fighting to Secure Lands on Jersey Shore   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = December 15, 1889   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1889/12/15/100981361.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/06/04/79352460.pdf | work=The New York Times | title=WEEHAWKEN IMPROVEMENTS; Filling up of the Cove--New Railroads--A City of Termini over the River | date=June 4, 1869}}</ref>
+The line was built during an era of tremendous growth along the west shores of the bay and the [[North River (Hudson River)]], fueled by competing railroads wishing to gain access to the harbor to develop [[shipping]] and [[carfloat]] operations as well as [[intermodal passenger transport]] terminals.<ref name="War">{{Cite news   | title = Great Railroads At War Fighting to Secure Lands on Jersey Shore   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = December 15, 1889   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1889/12/15/100981361.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-16   | archive-date = 2022-06-18   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220618043439/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1889/12/15/100981361.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/06/04/79352460.pdf | work=The New York Times | title=WEEHAWKEN IMPROVEMENTS; Filling up of the Cove--New Railroads--A City of Termini over the River | date=June 4, 1869 | access-date=June 13, 2018 | archive-date=November 30, 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130032010/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1869/06/04/79352460.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref>
 [[File:Lehigh Valley Jersey City Terminal.png|thumb|left|Modern map of situation in 1910 shows National Docks, the last of the routes still using overhead viaduct through the heart of the city, traveling from Communipaw to the Waldo Tunnel (upper center)]]
 ===Standard Oil era===
-The complex history of the line reflects the shifting alliances between competing railroads in the region.  The National Storage Company was an arm of [[Standard Oil]], which constructed storage and [[lighterage]] facilities on Black Tom Island and the [[Communipaw]] shoreline in 1876.<ref name="JointReport">{{Cite book | title = Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations | publisher = New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission   | date = Dec 16, 1920   | page = [https://archive.org/details/jointreportwith00willgoog/page/n142 116]   | url = https://archive.org/details/jointreportwith00willgoog   | quote =national docks lehigh valley.}}</ref>  Standard Oil had a contract with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] (PRR) for transporting oil, but the railroad's charter prevented it from extending a line from its [[Journal Square Transportation Center|cut]] through [[Bergen Hill]] to the National Storage facility.  The National Storage Company was thus compelled to use the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]], which had tracks adjacent to the Black Tom facility.<ref name="NYT18790813">{{Cite news    | title = The Point Of Rocks Line An Important Railroad Suit.   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = August 13, 1879   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/08/13/81756432.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22}}</ref>
+The complex history of the line reflects the shifting alliances between competing railroads in the region.  The National Storage Company was an arm of [[Standard Oil]], which constructed storage and [[lighterage]] facilities on Black Tom Island and the [[Communipaw]] shoreline in 1876.<ref name="JointReport">{{Cite book | title = Joint Report with Comprehensive Plan and Recommendations | publisher = New York, New Jersey Port and Harbor Development Commission   | date = Dec 16, 1920   | page = [https://archive.org/details/jointreportwith00willgoog/page/n142 116]   | url = https://archive.org/details/jointreportwith00willgoog   | quote =national docks lehigh valley.}}</ref>  Standard Oil had a contract with the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]] (PRR) for transporting oil, but the railroad's charter prevented it from extending a line from its [[Journal Square Transportation Center|cut]] through [[Bergen Hill]] to the National Storage facility.  The National Storage Company was thus compelled to use the [[Central Railroad of New Jersey]], which had tracks adjacent to the Black Tom facility.<ref name="NYT18790813">{{Cite news   | title = The Point Of Rocks Line An Important Railroad Suit.   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = August 13, 1879   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/08/13/81756432.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130031524/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1879/08/13/81756432.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref>
 [[File:Current north Hudson County railroads.png|thumb|left|National Docks Secondary connects to the [[Northern Running Track]] nearby [[Croxton Yard]] (bottom center)]]
-To circumvent the restrictions on the Pennsylvania Railroad's charter, Standard Oil and the Pennsylvania colluded in 1879 to create the National Docks Railway Company, connecting the National Storage facilities directly to the Pennsylvania line.  The line would of necessity run through the property of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and the Central strongly objected to the condemnation of its land for the benefit of its competitor.<ref name="NYT18790813"/>  After an extended legal battle, the National Docks won a surprise concession in 1882 from the Jersey City aldermen to build an elevated track between the junction with the PRR and the oil docks,<ref name="NYT18820428">{{Cite news    | title = Stultified Legislators. The Jersey City Aldermen Vote Away Many Valuable Grants.   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = April 4, 1889   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/04/28/96859637.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22}}</ref> and the line was quickly constructed and opened in 1883, operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad.  The line was subsequently extended as the [[Bergen Neck Railroad]] to [[Constable Hook]] in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]] where Standard Oil had additional facilities.<ref name="JointReport"/>  In 1891, the Bergen Neck Railroad and the National Docks Railway were consolidated.<ref name=NYT18910827>{{Cite news    | title = News About Railroads Consolidation of Several New Jersey Roads | newspaper = New York Times   | date = August 27, 1891   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/08/27/103331232.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22}}</ref>
+To circumvent the restrictions on the Pennsylvania Railroad's charter, Standard Oil and the Pennsylvania colluded in 1879 to create the National Docks Railway Company, connecting the National Storage facilities directly to the Pennsylvania line.  The line would of necessity run through the property of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and the Central strongly objected to the condemnation of its land for the benefit of its competitor.<ref name="NYT18790813"/>  After an extended legal battle, the National Docks won a surprise concession in 1882 from the Jersey City aldermen to build an elevated track between the junction with the PRR and the oil docks,<ref name="NYT18820428">{{Cite news   | title = Stultified Legislators. The Jersey City Aldermen Vote Away Many Valuable Grants.   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = April 4, 1889   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/04/28/96859637.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130025943/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1882/04/28/96859637.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref> and the line was quickly constructed and opened in 1883, operated by the Pennsylvania Railroad.  The line was subsequently extended as the [[Bergen Neck Railroad]] to [[Constable Hook]] in [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]] where Standard Oil had additional facilities.<ref name="JointReport"/>  In 1891, the Bergen Neck Railroad and the National Docks Railway were consolidated.<ref name=NYT18910827>{{Cite news   | title = News About Railroads Consolidation of Several New Jersey Roads   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = August 27, 1891   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/08/27/103331232.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130035824/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/08/27/103331232.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref>
-Six years after its initial construction, Standard Oil reached an agreement in 1889 with the [[New York Central Railroad]] (NYC) to connect the National Docks Railway with the NYC's [[West Shore Railroad]] at National Junction.<ref name=LVacrossNJ/> The line consisted of the [[New Jersey Junction Railroad]] and the [[National Docks and New-Jersey Junction Connecting Railroad]], with the National Docks Railway coming under the control of the NYC.  It was now the Pennsylvania's turn to protest against the crossing of its property, and a costly "[[frog war]]" ensued.<ref name="War"/> When it was finally completed in 1897, the {{convert|450|ft|m|adj=on}} long tunnel under Pennsylvania's Waldo Avenue yards had cost $750,000, twice what had been projected.<ref name=NYT18960705>{{Cite news    | title = A Small Costly Tunnel | newspaper = New York Times   | date = July 5, 1896   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/106918860.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news    | title = The Short Line of the New Jesey Junction Company Practically Completed A Bitter Struggle Ended   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = March 11, 1897   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/03/11/102538646.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20}}</ref>
+Six years after its initial construction, Standard Oil reached an agreement in 1889 with the [[New York Central Railroad]] (NYC) to connect the National Docks Railway with the NYC's [[West Shore Railroad]] at National Junction.<ref name=LVacrossNJ/> The line consisted of the [[New Jersey Junction Railroad]] and the [[National Docks and New-Jersey Junction Connecting Railroad]], with the National Docks Railway coming under the control of the NYC.  It was now the Pennsylvania's turn to protest against the crossing of its property, and a costly "[[frog war]]" ensued.<ref name="War"/> When it was finally completed in 1897, the {{convert|450|ft|m|adj=on}} long tunnel under Pennsylvania's Waldo Avenue yards had cost $750,000, twice what had been projected.<ref name=NYT18960705>{{Cite news   | title = A Small Costly Tunnel   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = July 5, 1896   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/106918860.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22   | archive-date = 2022-08-19   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220819022937/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1896/07/05/106918860.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news   | title = The Short Line of the New Jersey Junction Company Practically Completed A Bitter Struggle Ended   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = March 11, 1897   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/03/11/102538646.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130033729/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1897/03/11/102538646.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref>
 ===Lehigh Valley era===
-The [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] (LVRR) initially reached its [[Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway|terminal]] on the [[Morris Canal|Morris Canal Basin]] over the Central Railroad's line and later obtained trackage rights on the National Docks Railway. To protect access to its terminal, the LVRR acquired a half-interest in the National Docks in 1890.<ref>{{Cite book  | title = Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1890| page = 15  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7TAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA79  | author1 = Lehigh Valley Railroad Company| year = 1885 }}</ref> In 1891, the LVRR consolidated its other holdings in [[Gateway Region|northeastern New Jersey]] to form the [[Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway]],<ref name=NYT18910827/> and it began running a route on a [[Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge|bridge]] over [[Newark Bay]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite news    | title = Lehigh Valley in Jersey   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = January 15, 1891   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/15/103291105.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-16 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  | title = Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1892| page = 9  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7TAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA9  | author1 = Lehigh Valley Railroad Company | year = 1885 }}</ref>
+The [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] (LVRR) initially reached its [[Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway|terminal]] on the [[Morris Canal|Morris Canal Basin]] over the Central Railroad's line and later obtained trackage rights on the National Docks Railway. To protect access to its terminal, the LVRR acquired a half-interest in the National Docks in 1890.<ref>{{Cite book  | title = Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1890| page = 15  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7TAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA79  | author1 = Lehigh Valley Railroad Company| year = 1885 }}</ref> In 1891, the LVRR consolidated its other holdings in [[Gateway Region|northeastern New Jersey]] to form the [[Lehigh Valley Terminal Railway]],<ref name=NYT18910827/> and it began running a route on a [[Lehigh Valley Railroad Bridge|bridge]] over [[Newark Bay]] in 1892.<ref>{{Cite news   | title = Lehigh Valley in Jersey   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = January 15, 1891   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/15/103291105.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-16   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130041945/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1891/01/15/103291105.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  | title = Annual Report of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company for the Fiscal Year Ending November 30th, 1892| page = 9  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=7TAoAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA9  | author1 = Lehigh Valley Railroad Company | year = 1885 }}</ref>
-In 1897, another consolidation took place with the merger of the National Docks Railway Company, New Jersey Junction Connecting Railway Company, the [[Kill von Kull Railway]], and [[Bay Creek Railway]], the latter two being short lines running south to [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]].  The merged company was known as the National Docks Railway.  Much of the company was eventually absorbed by the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] in 1898.<ref name=LVacrossNJ/> By 1900, the LVRR had full ownership of the line to its terminal at the mouth of the Hudson.<ref>{{Cite news    | title = Lehigh Valley Merger Railway System's Subsidiary Lines Consolidated   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = July 30, 1900   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/07/30/105056433.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20}}</ref> Under the direction of the LVRR, the National Docks Railway remained an important connecting line along the [[Hudson Waterfront]], handling traffic for the [[Erie Railroad|Erie]], [[New York Central Railroad|New York Central]], and [[Pennsylvania Railroad|Pennsylvania]].<ref name=LVacrossNJ/>
+In 1897, another consolidation took place with the merger of the National Docks Railway Company, New Jersey Junction Connecting Railway Company, the [[Kill von Kull Railway]], and [[Bay Creek Railway]], the latter two being short lines running south to [[Bayonne, New Jersey|Bayonne]].  The merged company was known as the National Docks Railway.  Much of the company was eventually absorbed by the [[Lehigh Valley Railroad]] in 1898.<ref name=LVacrossNJ/> By 1900, the LVRR had full ownership of the line to its terminal at the mouth of the Hudson.<ref>{{Cite news   | title = Lehigh Valley Merger Railway System's Subsidiary Lines Consolidated   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = July 30, 1900   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/07/30/105056433.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-20   | archive-date = 2022-11-30   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221130060214/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/07/30/105056433.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref> Under the direction of the LVRR, the National Docks Railway remained an important connecting line along the [[Hudson Waterfront]], handling traffic for the [[Erie Railroad|Erie]], [[New York Central Railroad|New York Central]], and [[Pennsylvania Railroad|Pennsylvania]].<ref name=LVacrossNJ/>
-In 1911, the [[Hudson and Manhattan Railroad]], the forerunner of the [[Port Authority Trans Hudson]], opened a tunnel under the PRR [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] from its [[Exchange Place (PRR station)|Exchange Place terminal]].<ref>{{Cite news    | title = Improve Transit Facilities by Newark High Spreed Line   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = October 11, 1911   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/10/01/104838501.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22}}</ref> It emerges in the yard and passes over what is now known as the '''Waldo Tunnel'''. The New Jersey Junction Railroad later became part of [[Conrail]]'s [[River Line (Conrail)|River Line]] until it was abandoned, and the right of way in [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] is now used by [[Hudson Bergen Light Rail]].
+In 1911, the [[Hudson and Manhattan Railroad]], the forerunner of the [[Port Authority Trans Hudson]], opened a tunnel under the PRR [[Right-of-way (transportation)|right of way]] from its [[Exchange Place (PRR station)|Exchange Place terminal]].<ref>{{Cite news   | title = Improve Transit Facilities by Newark High Spreed Line   | newspaper = New York Times   | date = October 11, 1911   | url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/10/01/104838501.pdf   | access-date = 2010-11-22   | archive-date = 2021-02-08   | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210208020450/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/10/01/104838501.pdf   | url-status = live   }}</ref> It emerges in the yard and passes over what is now known as the '''Waldo Tunnel'''. The New Jersey Junction Railroad later became part of [[Conrail]]'s [[River Line (Conrail)|River Line]] until it was abandoned, and the right of way in [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] and [[Weehawken, New Jersey|Weehawken]] is now used by [[Hudson Bergen Light Rail]].
 {{-}}
@@ Line 47: / Line 52: @@
 ==References==
-{{reflist|2}}
+{{Reflist|2}}
 ==External links==
@@ Line 54: / Line 59: @@
 *{{coord|40.699052|-74.119574|format=dms|type:landmark|display=inline}} southern end
 *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fo-YGtjWXw YouTube:Cabride on National Docks Secondary] from Long Dock Tunnel to Liberty State Park
-*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928020420/http://www.thebluecomet.com/cr3208natldocks.jpg Blue Comet website photo: Conrail seen passing [[Beacon, Jersey City|JCMC]]]
+*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110928020420/http://www.thebluecomet.com/cr3208natldocks.jpg Blue Comet website photo]: Conrail seen passing [[Beacon, Jersey City|JCMC]]
 *[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/nj/nj1500/nj1583/data/nj1583data.pdf National Aemerican Engineering Record]
 *[http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/archiveThumbs.aspx?id=62880 RRpicarchiives]
@@ Line 66: / Line 71: @@
 [[Category:CSX Transportation lines]]
 [[Category:Port of New York and New Jersey]]
+[[Category:Lehigh Valley Railroad lines]]