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{{Infobox album |
{{Infobox album |
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| name = FreeMan |
| name = FreeMan |
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| type = [[Album]] |
| type = [[Album]] |
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| artist = [[Francis |
| artist = [[Francis M.]] |
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| cover = |
| cover = FreeMan (Francis Magalona album).png |
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| alt = |
| alt = |
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| released = April 1995 |
| released = April 1995 |
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| recorded = |
| recorded = 1994–1995 |
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| venue = |
| venue = |
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| studio = |
| studio = Greenhills Sound Studios A,B,C & E |
||
| genre = [[Pinoy hip hop|Pinoy rap]] |
| genre = {{hlist|[[Pinoy hip hop|Pinoy rap]]|[[Pinoy rock]]|[[rap metal]]}} |
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| length = |
| length = 40:16 |
||
| language |
| language = |
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| label = [[BMG Records|Musiko Records]] |
| label = {{hlist|[[BMG Records|Musiko Records]]|[[Sony Music Philippines|BMG Records (Pilipinas), Inc.]]}} |
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| producer = |
| producer = Francis Magalona |
||
| prev_title = |
| prev_title = Meron Akong Ano! |
||
| prev_year = 1993 |
| prev_year = 1993 |
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| next_title = |
| next_title = Happy Battle |
||
| next_year = 1996 |
| next_year = 1996 |
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| misc = {{Singles |
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| name = FreeMan |
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| type = Studio |
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| single1 = [[Kaleidoscope World (Francis Magalona song)|Kaleidoscope World]] |
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| single1date = 1995 |
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| single2 = Pikon |
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| single2date = 1996 |
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| single3 = Kabataan Para sa Kinabukasan |
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| single3date = 1996 |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
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{{Album ratings |
{{Album ratings |
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|rev1 = [[Allmusic]] |
|rev1 = [[Allmusic]] |
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|rev1score = {{rating|4.5|5}}<ref>[{{ |
|rev1score = {{rating|4.5|5}}<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r572991|pure_url=yes}} Allmusic review]</ref> |
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}}<!-- Automatically generated by DASHBot--> |
}}<!-- Automatically generated by DASHBot--> |
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'''''FreeMan''''' |
'''''FreeMan''''' is the fifth album by Filipino rapper [[Francis M.]], released in 1995 by [[Sony Music Philippines|BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc]], [[BMG Records|Musiko Records]]. It was Magalona's first outing with the BMG label, having left his previous label, [[PolyEast Records|OctoArts International Inc.]], in 1994. Its release firmly established Magalona's legitimacy in the [[Pinoy rock]] scene.<ref name="hardwaresyndrome">{{cite web | last = Magalona | first = Francis | author-link = Francis Magalona | title = The Hardware Syndrome | work = A Free Mind | date = March 3, 2006 | url = http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/93/The_Hardware_Syndrome | accessdate = March 9, 2009 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090328061940/http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/93/The_Hardware_Syndrome | archivedate = March 28, 2009 }}</ref> Tracks "Three Stars & A Sun", "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan", and "[[Kaleidoscope World (Francis Magalona song)|Kaleidoscope World]]" would become defining touch-points in Magalona's body of work. |
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== Background == |
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The iconic cover of the album featured an image of Magalona's son [[Elmo Magalona|Elmo]], aged six months. A version of "''Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan''" became the advertising theme for the [[Royal Tru|Royal Tru-Orange]] soda drink brand, since a previous FrancisM song, "''Ito ang gusto ko!''" had already been used to promote that product. The song was also featured in [[Pare Ko (Movie)|Pare Ko]], a popular movie from that time which featured music from up and coming Pinoy Rock artists. "''Kaleidoscope World''" went on to win 1996 Awit Award for Best Produced Record of the Year, and the 1996 NU 107 Rock Award for Song of the Year. "''Kaleidoscope World''"'s music video was directed by the celebrated director/cinematographer [[Raymond Red]], and showed Magalona, his band [[Francis Magalona#Hardware Syndrome and the merging of rap with Pinoy rock|Hardware Syndrome]], his backup singers "the Evil Stepsisters", and the respective children of Magalona and Red at that time.<ref name="hardwaresyndrome"/><ref name="Kaleidoscope">{{cite web | last = Magalona | first = Francis | authorlink = Francis Magalona | title = Kaleidoscope World | work = A Free Mind | date = March 3, 2006 | url = http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/281/Kaleidoscope_World_ | accessdate = March 19, 2009 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090316093319/http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/281/Kaleidoscope_World_ | archivedate = March 16, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="nu107">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | title = Winners from the Previous Rock Awards | work = | publisher = DWNU 107.5 | date = March 3, 2006 | url = http://www.nu107fm.com/?page=past#a | format = | doi = | accessdate = March 19, 2009}}</ref> |
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A track titled "Intellectual Property Rights" sampled a speech by then-[[President of the Philippines|president]] [[Fidel V. Ramos]]. [[Intellectual property rights]] was an issue that would continue to be an important and very personal advocacy for Magalona.<ref name="hardwaresyndrome"/><ref>{{cite AV media notes| title = Freeman | others = Francis Magalona| date = 1995| type = CD Inlay Card| publisher = [[Sony Music Philippines|BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc.]], [[BMG Records|Musiko Records]]}}</ref> |
|||
The iconic cover of the album featured an image of Magalona's son [[Elmo Magalona|Elmo]], aged six months. A version of "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan" became the advertising theme for the [[Royal Tru|Royal Tru-Orange]] soda drink brand, since a previous FrancisM song, "Ito ang gusto ko!" had already been used to promote that product. The song was also featured in ''Pare Ko'', a 1995 Filipino movie which featured music from other Pinoy rock artists. |
|||
Throughout the rest of his career, Magalona would repeatedly refer to elements in FreeMan as a starting points for new endeavors. The motif and title of "''Three Stars and a Sun''" would become the defining mark of his fashion label, FrancisM Clothing Company. A later album, ''FreeMan 2'', would repeat Freeman's themes with new music, and with the occasional retrospective examination of the influence of the first FreeMan album. When Magalona died on March 6, 2009, "''Kaleidoscope World''" was played in many of the pay tributes to the artist, including an audio-visual has been paid presentation from [[Eat Bulaga!]], the noontime variety program of which Magalona was a co-host, and a short rendering of the song first at the [[Eraserheads]]' "Final Set" reunion concert 2009, which the band dedicated to Magalona.<ref name="starpia">{{cite news |
|||
"Kaleidoscope World" went on to win 1996 Awit Award for Best Produced Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the 1996 [[NU Rock Awards]]. The song's music video was directed by the director/cinematographer Raymond Red, and showed Magalona, his band [[Francis Magalona#Hardware Syndrome and the merging of rap with Pinoy rock|Hardware Syndrome]], his backup singers "the Evil Stepsisters", and the respective children of Magalona and Red at that time.<ref name="hardwaresyndrome"/><ref name="Kaleidoscope">{{cite web | last = Magalona | first = Francis | author-link = Francis Magalona | title = Kaleidoscope World | work = A Free Mind | date = March 3, 2006 | url = http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/281/Kaleidoscope_World_ | accessdate = March 19, 2009 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090316093319/http://francismagalona.multiply.com/journal/item/281/Kaleidoscope_World_ | archivedate = March 16, 2009 }}</ref><ref name="nu107">{{cite web | last = | first = | author-link = | title = Winners from the Previous Rock Awards | publisher = DWNU 107.5 | date = March 3, 2006 | url = http://www.nu107fm.com/?page=past#a | format = | doi = | accessdate = March 19, 2009 | archive-date = April 26, 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090426002816/http://www.nu107fm.com/?page=past#a | url-status = dead }}</ref> In January 1996, a next single, "Pikon" was released.<ref>{{cite news |title=Francis M unleash new Single |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=CP4tAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YwsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4882%2C2236485 |access-date=22 August 2022 |date=15 January 1996}}</ref> |
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Throughout the rest of his career, Magalona would repeatedly refer to elements in ''FreeMan'' as a starting points for new endeavors. The motif and title of "''Three Stars and a Sun''" would become the defining mark of his fashion label, FrancisM Clothing Company. A later album, ''FreeMan 2'', would repeat Freeman's themes with new music, and with the occasional retrospective examination of the influence of the first FreeMan album. |
|||
When Magalona died on March 6, 2009, "Kaleidoscope World" was played in many of the pay tributes to the artist, including an audio-visual has been paid presentation from [[Eat Bulaga!]], the noontime variety program of which Magalona was a co-host, and a short rendering of the song first at the [[Eraserheads]]' "Final Set" reunion concert 2009, which the band dedicated to Magalona.<ref name="starpia">{{cite news |
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| last = Lo |
| last = Lo |
||
| first = Ricardo |
| first = Ricardo |
||
| Line 41: | Line 59: | ||
| archive-date = 2013-01-04 |
| archive-date = 2013-01-04 |
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| accessdate = |
| accessdate = |
||
}}</ref> The song was also played repeatedly during his wake<ref name="Morales">{{Cite |
}}</ref> The song was also played repeatedly during his wake<ref name="Morales">{{Cite news |
||
| |
|last1 = Morales |
||
| |
|first1 = Izah |
||
|last2 = Cruz |
|last2 = Cruz |
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|first2 = Marinel |
|first2 = Marinel |
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|title = Songs keep mood upbeat at FrancisM wake |
|title = Songs keep mood upbeat at FrancisM wake |
||
| |
|newspaper = Philippine Daily Inquirer |
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|date = 2009-03-08 |
|date = 2009-03-08 |
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|url = http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20090308-192951/Songs-keep-mood-upbeat-at-FrancisM-wake |
|url = http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20090308-192951/Songs-keep-mood-upbeat-at-FrancisM-wake |
||
|accessdate = 2009-03-08 |
|accessdate = 2009-03-08 |
||
|postscript = . |
|||
|url-status = dead |
|url-status = dead |
||
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090310030936/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20090308-192951/Songs-keep-mood-upbeat-at-FrancisM-wake |
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090310030936/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view/20090308-192951/Songs-keep-mood-upbeat-at-FrancisM-wake |
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|archivedate = 2009-03-10 |
|archivedate = 2009-03-10 |
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}}</ref> and his burial.<ref name="Thea">{{Cite |
}}</ref> and his burial.<ref name="Thea">{{Cite news |
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|last = Alberto |
|last = Alberto |
||
|first = Thea |
|first = Thea |
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|title = One last round of applause for Magalona |
|title = One last round of applause for Magalona |
||
| |
|newspaper = Philippine Daily Inquirer |
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|date = 2009-03-11 |
|date = 2009-03-11 |
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|url = http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20090311-193472/Magalona-casket-brought-out-of-church |
|url = http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20090311-193472/Magalona-casket-brought-out-of-church |
||
|accessdate = 2009-03-08 |
|accessdate = 2009-03-08 |
||
|postscript = . |
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|url-status = dead |
|url-status = dead |
||
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090312052736/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20090311-193472/Magalona-casket-brought-out-of-church |
|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090312052736/http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/breakingnews/breakingnews/view/20090311-193472/Magalona-casket-brought-out-of-church |
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|archivedate = 2009-03-12 |
|archivedate = 2009-03-12 |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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==Accolades== |
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{|class="wikitable" |
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|- |
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! Publication |
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! Country |
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! Accolade |
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! Year |
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! Rank |
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|- |
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| ''Esquire Magazine'' |
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| Philippines |
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| 10 Essential OPM Albums of the 1990s <ref>{{cite web |title=10 Essential OPM Albums of the 1990s |url=https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/music/10-essential-1990s-opm-albums-a00289-20191108-lfrm |website=esquiremag.ph |publisher=PAUL JOHN CAÑA |access-date=November 8, 2019}}</ref> |
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| 2019 |
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| * |
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|} |
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<small><nowiki>*</nowiki> denotes an unordered list</small> |
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==Track listing== |
==Track listing== |
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{{tracklist |
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#''Baw-Waw-Waw'' |
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| all_writing = [[Francis Magalona]], except where noted |
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#''Three Stars And A Sun'' |
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| title1 = Baw-Waw-Waw |
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#''Bahala Na'' |
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| writer1 = [[Francis Magalona]] |
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#''Old Man'' |
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| length1 = 3:08 |
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#''Pikon'' |
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| title2 = Three Stars And A Sun |
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#''Beam Me Up Scottie / Kimo's Groove'' |
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| writer2 = Francis Magalona |
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#''Funky Monkey'' |
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| length2 = 4:55 |
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#''Rasputin Lives'' |
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| title3 = Bahala Na |
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#''Jolog'' |
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| writer3 = J Silos Jr./L. Celerio |
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#''Contrapelo'' |
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| length3 = 1:35 |
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#''Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan'' |
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| title4 = Old Man |
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#''Pen & Ink'' |
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| writer4 = Francis Magalona |
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#''[[Kaleidoscope World (song)|Suckin' On Helium/Kaleidoscope World]]'' |
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| length4 = 2:54 |
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#''Mahiwagang Kamote'' |
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| title5 = Pikon |
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#''Puso Ng Siga'' |
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| writer5 = Francis Magalona |
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#''Pektus'' |
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| length5 = 5:49 |
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#''Intellectual Property Rights'' |
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| title6 = Beam Me Up Scottie / Kimo's Groove |
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#''Blood On The Mud / 2nd Man On The Moon'' |
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| writer6 = J. Santos |
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#''Contrapelo 2'' |
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| length6 = 2:05 |
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# |
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| title7 = Funky Monkey |
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| writer7 = Noel Mendez/Francis Magalona |
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| length7 = 3:05 |
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| title8 = Rasputin Lives |
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| writer8 = J. Santos/Francis Magalona |
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| length8 = 1:30 |
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| title9 = Jolog |
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| writer9 = Perfecto De Castro/Francis Magalona |
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| length9 = 3:15 |
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| title10 = Contrapelo |
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| writer10 = N. Aquino Jr./C. Sison/F. Villanueva |
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| length10 = 2:25 |
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| title11 = Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan |
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| writer11 = Francis Magalona |
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| length11 = 3:28 |
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| title12 = Pen & Ink |
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| writer12 = Francis Magalona |
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| length12 = 4:42 |
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| title13 = [[Kaleidoscope World (Francis Magalona song)|Suckin' On Helium/Kaleidoscope World]] |
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| writer13 = [[Francis Magalona]]/[[Perfecto De Castro]] |
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| length13 = 4:53 |
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| title14 = Mahiwagang Kamote |
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| length14 = 2:58 |
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| title15 = Puso Ng Siga |
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| writer15 = Noel Mendez/Francis Magalona |
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| length15 = 3:21 |
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| title16 = Pektus |
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| length16 = 3:17 |
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| title17 = Intellectual Property Rights |
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| length17 = 0:25 |
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| title18 = Blood On The Mud / 2nd Man On The Moon |
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| writer18 = Francis Magalona |
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| length18 = 4:26 |
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| title19 = Contrapelo 2 |
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| writer19 = N. Aquino Jr./C. Sison/F. Villanueva |
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| length19 = 2:10 |
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| total_length = 40:16 |
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}} |
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== Personnel == |
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Francis Magalona - Vocals |
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Hardware Syndrome Members: |
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*Boyet Aquino - Drums & Percussions |
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*Carlo Sison - Guitar |
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*Francis Villanueva - Bass |
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*DJ Kimozave - Turntable & Drum Machine |
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Additional Musicians: |
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*Evil Stepsisters - Additional Vocals |
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*Perfecto De Castro, Noel Mendez - Additional Guitars |
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== Album Credits == |
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*Executive Producer: Rudy Tee |
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*A & R: Vic Valenciano |
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*All Songs Are Mixed by Nikki Cunanan except "3 Stars & A Sun" and "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan" Mixed By Jun Dela Paz; Contrapelo and Rasputin Lives Mixed by Herky Alonzo; Jolog By Rey Salac |
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*Recorded & Mixed at Greenhills Sound Studios A,B,C & E |
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*Photography By: Mitch "Super Mitch" Alvarado |
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*Cover Concept: Francis Magalona |
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*Art Direction: Mario Joson |
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*Design And Execution: Chitty Ramirez |
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== References == |
== References == |
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| Line 95: | Line 191: | ||
{{Francis Magalona}} |
{{Francis Magalona}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman (Francis Magalona Album)}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Freeman (Francis Magalona Album)}} |
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Latest revision as of 02:14, 2 September 2024
| FreeMan | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
.png) | ||||
| Studio album by | ||||
| Released | April 1995 | |||
| Recorded | 1994–1995 | |||
| Studio | Greenhills Sound Studios A,B,C & E | |||
| Genre | ||||
| Length | 40:16 | |||
| Label | ||||
| Producer | Francis Magalona | |||
| Francis M. chronology | ||||
| ||||
| Singles from FreeMan | ||||
| ||||
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| Allmusic |   [1] |
FreeMan is the fifth album by Filipino rapper Francis M., released in 1995 by BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc, Musiko Records. It was Magalona's first outing with the BMG label, having left his previous label, OctoArts International Inc., in 1994. Its release firmly established Magalona's legitimacy in the Pinoy rock scene.[2] Tracks "Three Stars & A Sun", "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan", and "Kaleidoscope World" would become defining touch-points in Magalona's body of work.
Background
[edit]A track titled "Intellectual Property Rights" sampled a speech by then-president Fidel V. Ramos. Intellectual property rights was an issue that would continue to be an important and very personal advocacy for Magalona.[2][3]
The iconic cover of the album featured an image of Magalona's son Elmo, aged six months. A version of "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan" became the advertising theme for the Royal Tru-Orange soda drink brand, since a previous FrancisM song, "Ito ang gusto ko!" had already been used to promote that product. The song was also featured in Pare Ko, a 1995 Filipino movie which featured music from other Pinoy rock artists.
"Kaleidoscope World" went on to win 1996 Awit Award for Best Produced Record of the Year and Song of the Year at the 1996 NU Rock Awards. The song's music video was directed by the director/cinematographer Raymond Red, and showed Magalona, his band Hardware Syndrome, his backup singers "the Evil Stepsisters", and the respective children of Magalona and Red at that time.[2][4][5] In January 1996, a next single, "Pikon" was released.[6]
Throughout the rest of his career, Magalona would repeatedly refer to elements in FreeMan as a starting points for new endeavors. The motif and title of "Three Stars and a Sun" would become the defining mark of his fashion label, FrancisM Clothing Company. A later album, FreeMan 2, would repeat Freeman's themes with new music, and with the occasional retrospective examination of the influence of the first FreeMan album.
When Magalona died on March 6, 2009, "Kaleidoscope World" was played in many of the pay tributes to the artist, including an audio-visual has been paid presentation from Eat Bulaga!, the noontime variety program of which Magalona was a co-host, and a short rendering of the song first at the Eraserheads' "Final Set" reunion concert 2009, which the band dedicated to Magalona.[7] The song was also played repeatedly during his wake[8] and his burial.[9]
Accolades
[edit]| Publication | Country | Accolade | Year | Rank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esquire Magazine | Philippines | 10 Essential OPM Albums of the 1990s [10] | 2019 | * |
* denotes an unordered list
Track listing
[edit]All tracks are written by Francis Magalona, except where noted
| No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Baw-Waw-Waw" | Francis Magalona | 3:08 |
| 2. | "Three Stars And A Sun" | Francis Magalona | 4:55 |
| 3. | "Bahala Na" | J Silos Jr./L. Celerio | 1:35 |
| 4. | "Old Man" | Francis Magalona | 2:54 |
| 5. | "Pikon" | Francis Magalona | 5:49 |
| 6. | "Beam Me Up Scottie / Kimo's Groove" | J. Santos | 2:05 |
| 7. | "Funky Monkey" | Noel Mendez/Francis Magalona | 3:05 |
| 8. | "Rasputin Lives" | J. Santos/Francis Magalona | 1:30 |
| 9. | "Jolog" | Perfecto De Castro/Francis Magalona | 3:15 |
| 10. | "Contrapelo" | N. Aquino Jr./C. Sison/F. Villanueva | 2:25 |
| 11. | "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan" | Francis Magalona | 3:28 |
| 12. | "Pen & Ink" | Francis Magalona | 4:42 |
| 13. | "Suckin' On Helium/Kaleidoscope World" | Francis Magalona/Perfecto De Castro | 4:53 |
| 14. | "Mahiwagang Kamote" | 2:58 | |
| 15. | "Puso Ng Siga" | Noel Mendez/Francis Magalona | 3:21 |
| 16. | "Pektus" | 3:17 | |
| 17. | "Intellectual Property Rights" | 0:25 | |
| 18. | "Blood On The Mud / 2nd Man On The Moon" | Francis Magalona | 4:26 |
| 19. | "Contrapelo 2" | N. Aquino Jr./C. Sison/F. Villanueva | 2:10 |
| Total length: | 40:16 | ||
Personnel
[edit]Francis Magalona - Vocals
Hardware Syndrome Members:
- Boyet Aquino - Drums & Percussions
- Carlo Sison - Guitar
- Francis Villanueva - Bass
- DJ Kimozave - Turntable & Drum Machine
Additional Musicians:
- Evil Stepsisters - Additional Vocals
- Perfecto De Castro, Noel Mendez - Additional Guitars
Album Credits
[edit]- Executive Producer: Rudy Tee
- A & R: Vic Valenciano
- All Songs Are Mixed by Nikki Cunanan except "3 Stars & A Sun" and "Kabataan Para Sa Kinabukasan" Mixed By Jun Dela Paz; Contrapelo and Rasputin Lives Mixed by Herky Alonzo; Jolog By Rey Salac
- Recorded & Mixed at Greenhills Sound Studios A,B,C & E
- Photography By: Mitch "Super Mitch" Alvarado
- Cover Concept: Francis Magalona
- Art Direction: Mario Joson
- Design And Execution: Chitty Ramirez
References
[edit]- ^ Allmusic review
- ^ a b c Magalona, Francis (March 3, 2006). "The Hardware Syndrome". A Free Mind. Archived from the original on March 28, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2009.
- ^ Freeman (CD Inlay Card). Francis Magalona. BMG Records (Pilipinas) Inc., Musiko Records. 1995.
{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) - ^ Magalona, Francis (March 3, 2006). "Kaleidoscope World". A Free Mind. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
- ^ "Winners from the Previous Rock Awards". DWNU 107.5. March 3, 2006. Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
- ^ "Francis M unleash new Single". 15 January 1996. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
- ^ Lo, Ricardo (2009-03-09). "Pia a pillar of strength". Funfare. The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04.
- ^ Morales, Izah; Cruz, Marinel (2009-03-08). "Songs keep mood upbeat at FrancisM wake". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ Alberto, Thea (2009-03-11). "One last round of applause for Magalona". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
- ^ "10 Essential OPM Albums of the 1990s". esquiremag.ph. PAUL JOHN CAÑA. Retrieved November 8, 2019.
