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{{Short description|French mathematician and physicist (1842–1929)}}
{{Infobox scientist
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Joseph Boussinesq
| name = Joseph Boussinesq
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| nationality = [[French people|French]]
| nationality = [[French people|French]]
| field = [[Mathematics]]<br>[[Physics]]
| field = [[Mathematics]]<br>[[Physics]]
| work_institutions = [[Université Lille Nord de France|Faculty of Sciences of Lille]] (1872–1886)<br>[[Pierre and Marie Curie University|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]] (1896–1918)
| work_institutions = [[Université Lille Nord de France|Faculty of Sciences of Lille]] (1872–1886)<br>[[University of Paris|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]] (1896–1918)
| alma_mater = [[Pierre and Marie Curie University|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Paris|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]]
| known_for = Boussinesq approximation in:<br>[[Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy)|buoyancy]]<br>[[Boussinesq approximation (water waves)|water waves]]<br>[[Eddy viscosity|turbulence]]
| known_for = Boussinesq approximation in:<br>[[Boussinesq approximation (buoyancy)|buoyancy]]<br>[[Boussinesq approximation (water waves)|water waves]]<br>[[Eddy viscosity|turbulence]]
| prizes = Poncelet Price, [[French Academy of Sciences]] (1871)
| prizes = Poncelet Price, [[French Academy of Sciences]] (1871)
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}}
}}


'''Joseph Valentin Boussinesq''' ({{IPA-fr|ʒɔzɛf valɑ̃tɛ̃ businɛsk|pron}}; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a [[French people|French]] [[mathematician]] and [[physicist]] who made significant contributions to the theory of [[hydrodynamics]], vibration, light, and heat.
'''Joseph Valentin Boussinesq''' ({{IPA|fr|ʒozɛf valɑ̃tɛ̃ businɛsk|pron}}; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a [[French people|French]] [[mathematician]] and [[physicist]] who made significant contributions to the theory of [[hydrodynamics]], vibration, light, and heat.


==Biography==
==Biography==
From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at [[Université Lille Nord de France|Faculty of Sciences of Lille]], lecturing differential and integral calculus at [[École centrale de Lille|Institut industriel du Nord]] ([[École centrale de Lille]]). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics at [[Pierre and Marie Curie University|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]].
From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at [[Université Lille Nord de France|Faculty of Sciences of Lille]], lecturing differential and integral calculus at [[École centrale de Lille|Institut industriel du Nord]] ([[École centrale de Lille]]). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics at [[University of Paris|Faculty of Sciences of Paris]].


[[John Scott Russell]] experimentally observed [[Wave of translation|solitary waves]] in 1834<ref name = "NKS note c">''[[A New Kind of Science]]'' [https://wolframscience.com/nks/notes-3-12--history-of-experimental-mathematics/]</ref> and reported it during the 1844 Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science. Subsequently, this was developed into the modern physics of [[solitons]].<ref name = "NKS note c" /> In 1871, Boussinesq published the first mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation, and in 1877 introduced the [[KdV equation]]. In 1876, [[Lord Rayleigh]] published his mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation. At the end of his paper,<ref>[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Lord Rayleigh]] (1876). On waves. ''[[Philosophical Magazine]]'', ser. 5, vol. 1, no. 4: 257-279.</ref> [[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Lord Rayleigh]] admitted that Boussinesq's theory came before his.
[[John Scott Russell]] experimentally observed [[Wave of translation|solitary waves]] in 1834 and reported it during the 1844 Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science. Subsequently, this was developed into the modern physics of [[solitons]]. In 1871, Boussinesq published the first mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation, and in 1877 introduced the [[Korteweg–De Vries equation]]. In 1876, [[Lord Rayleigh]] published his mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation. At the end of his paper,<ref>[[John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|Lord Rayleigh]] (1876). On waves. ''[[Philosophical Magazine]]'', ser. 5, vol. 1, no. 4: 257-279.</ref> Rayleigh admitted that Boussinesq's theory came before his.


In 1897, he published ''Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides'' ("Theory of the swirling and agitated flow of liquids"), a work that greatly contributed to the study of turbulence and hydrodynamics.
In 1897, he published ''Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides'' ("Theory of the swirling and agitated flow of liquids"), a work that greatly contributed to the study of turbulence and hydrodynamics.


The word "turbulence" was never used by Boussinesq. He used sentences such as "écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux". The first mention of the word "turbulence" in French or English scientific fluid mechanics literature (the word "turbulence" existed in other context) can be found in a paper by [[William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|Lord Kelvin]] in 1887.<ref>{{citation | author=Lord Kelvin (W. Thomson) | authorlink=William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin | title=On the propagation of laminar motion through a turbulently moving inviscid liquid | journal=Philosophical Magazine | volume=24 | issue=149 | year=1887 | pages=342–353 | doi=10.1080/14786448708628110| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431181 }}</ref>
The word "turbulence" was never used by Boussinesq. He used sentences such as "écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux" (vortex or tumultuous flow). The first mention of the word "turbulence" in French or English scientific fluid mechanics literature (the word "turbulence" existed in other context) can be found in a paper by [[Lord Kelvin]] in 1887.<ref>{{citation | author=Lord Kelvin (W. Thomson) | authorlink=William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin | title=On the propagation of laminar motion through a turbulently moving inviscid liquid | journal=Philosophical Magazine | volume=24 | issue=149 | year=1887 | pages=342–353 | doi=10.1080/14786448708628110| url=https://zenodo.org/record/1431181 }}</ref>


==Books by Joseph Valentin Boussinesq==
==Books==
* [https://archive.org/details/thbeoriedelbeco01bousrich Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides dans les lits rectilignes a grande section (vol.1)] (Gauthier-Villars, 1897)
* [https://archive.org/details/thbeoriedelbeco01bousrich Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides dans les lits rectilignes a grande section (vol.1)] (Gauthier-Villars, 1897)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099534 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 1, Fascicule 1] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099534 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 1, Fascicule 1] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
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* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099542 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 1] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099542 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 1] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099543 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 2] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099543 Cours d'analyse infinitésimale à l'usage des personnes qui étudient cette science en vue de ses applications mécaniques et physiques Tome 2, Fascicule 2] (Gauthier-Villars et fils, 1887-1890)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N062046 Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 1] (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k620460/ Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 1] (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N061635 Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 2] (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
* [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k61635r Théorie analytique de la chaleur Volume 2] (Gauthier-Villars, 1901-1903)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099707 Leçons synthétiques de mécanique générale servant d'introduction au cours de mécanique physique de la Faculté des sciences de Paris ] (Gauthier-Villars, 1889)
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N099707 Leçons synthétiques de mécanique générale servant d'introduction au cours de mécanique physique de la Faculté des sciences de Paris ] (Gauthier-Villars, 1889)
* [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ABV5032.0001.001 Application des potentiels à l'étude de l'équilibre et du mouvement des solides élastiques] (Gauthier-Villars,1885)
* [http://name.umdl.umich.edu/ABV5032.0001.001 Application des potentiels à l'étude de l'équilibre et du mouvement des solides élastiques] (Gauthier-Villars, 1885)


==See also==
==See also==
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* [[Boussinesq–Basset force]] for the history force on particles in an accelerating [[Stokes flow]]
* [[Boussinesq–Basset force]] for the history force on particles in an accelerating [[Stokes flow]]
* [[Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen equation]] (BBO equation) for the motion of – and forces on – a particle moving in an [[unsteady flow]] at low [[Reynolds number]]s
* [[Basset–Boussinesq–Oseen equation]] (BBO equation) for the motion of – and forces on – a particle moving in an [[unsteady flow]] at low [[Reynolds number]]s
* [[Linear elasticity#Solutions for elastostatic cases|Boussinesq–Cerruti solution]]
* [[Clapotis]]
* [[Flamant solution]]
* [[Hagen–Poiseuille equation]]
* [[Laboratoire de mécanique de Lille]]
* [[Laboratoire de mécanique de Lille]]


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==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* {{citation | last=Schmitt | first=F.G. | title=About Boussinesq's turbulent viscosity hypothesis: historical remarks and a direct evaluation of its validity | journal=Comptes Rendus Mécanique | volume=335 | issue=9–10 | pages=617–627 | year=2007 | doi=10.1016/j.crme.2007.08.004 |bibcode = 2007CRMec.335..617S | citeseerx=10.1.1.591.5006 }}
* {{citation | last=Schmitt | first=F.G. | title=About Boussinesq's turbulent viscosity hypothesis: historical remarks and a direct evaluation of its validity | journal=Comptes Rendus Mécanique | volume=335 | issue=9–10 | pages=617–627 | year=2007 | doi=10.1016/j.crme.2007.08.004 |bibcode = 2007CRMec.335..617S | citeseerx=10.1.1.591.5006 | s2cid=32637068 }}


{{Université Lille - Nord de France}}
{{Université Lille - Nord de France}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Boussinesq, Joseph Valentin}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Boussinesq, Joseph Valentin}}
[[Category:19th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:19th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:19th-century French physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:20th-century French mathematicians]]
[[Category:French physicists]]
[[Category:20th-century French physicists]]
[[Category:1842 births]]
[[Category:1842 births]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:1929 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Hérault]]
[[Category:People from Hérault]]
[[Category:Fluid dynamicists]]
[[Category:French fluid dynamicists]]
[[Category:Lille University of Science and Technology faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the Lille University of Science and Technology]]
[[Category:École centrale de Lille faculty]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the École centrale de Lille]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Members of the French Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:University of Montpellier alumni]]
[[Category:University of Montpellier alumni]]
[[Category:Members of the Ligue de la patrie française]]
[[Category:Members of the Ligue de la patrie française]]
[[Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur]]
[[Category:Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Paris]]
[[Category:Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities]]
[[Category:University of Paris alumni]]

Latest revision as of 12:16, 27 July 2024

Joseph Boussinesq
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq
Born(1842-03-13)13 March 1842
Saint-André-de-Sangonis, Hérault, France
Died19 February 1929(1929-02-19) (aged 86)
Paris, France
NationalityFrench
Alma materFaculty of Sciences of Paris
Known forBoussinesq approximation in:
buoyancy
water waves
turbulence
AwardsPoncelet Price, French Academy of Sciences (1871)
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
Physics
InstitutionsFaculty of Sciences of Lille (1872–1886)
Faculty of Sciences of Paris (1896–1918)

Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (pronounced [ʒozɛf valɑ̃tɛ̃ businɛsk]; 13 March 1842 – 19 February 1929) was a French mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics, vibration, light, and heat.

Biography

[edit]

From 1872 to 1886, he was appointed professor at Faculty of Sciences of Lille, lecturing differential and integral calculus at Institut industriel du Nord (École centrale de Lille). From 1896 to his retirement in 1918, he was professor of mechanics at Faculty of Sciences of Paris.

John Scott Russell experimentally observed solitary waves in 1834 and reported it during the 1844 Meeting of the British Association for the advancement of science. Subsequently, this was developed into the modern physics of solitons. In 1871, Boussinesq published the first mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation, and in 1877 introduced the Korteweg–De Vries equation. In 1876, Lord Rayleigh published his mathematical theory to support Russell's experimental observation. At the end of his paper,[1] Rayleigh admitted that Boussinesq's theory came before his.

In 1897, he published Théorie de l'écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux des liquides ("Theory of the swirling and agitated flow of liquids"), a work that greatly contributed to the study of turbulence and hydrodynamics.

The word "turbulence" was never used by Boussinesq. He used sentences such as "écoulement tourbillonnant et tumultueux" (vortex or tumultuous flow). The first mention of the word "turbulence" in French or English scientific fluid mechanics literature (the word "turbulence" existed in other context) can be found in a paper by Lord Kelvin in 1887.[2]

Books

[edit]

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Joseph Valentin Boussinesq.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Lord Rayleigh (1876). On waves. Philosophical Magazine, ser. 5, vol. 1, no. 4: 257-279.
  2. ^ Lord Kelvin (W. Thomson) (1887), "On the propagation of laminar motion through a turbulently moving inviscid liquid", Philosophical Magazine, 24 (149): 342–353, doi:10.1080/14786448708628110

Further reading

[edit]
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