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{{short description|Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Israel}}
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Infobox outbreak
{{Infobox outbreak
| name = [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in [[Israel]]
| name = [[COVID-19 pandemic]] in [[Israel]]
| image = Ibngvirol001.jpg
| image = Ibngvirol001.jpg
| alt =
| caption = [[Magen David Adom]] worker dressed in protective gear walks beside a mobile intensive care unit
| caption = [[Magen David Adom]] worker dressed in protective gear walks beside a mobile intensive care unit
| map1 =
| map1 =
| legend1 =
| legend1 =
| disease = [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]
| disease = [[COVID-19]]
| virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS-CoV-2]]
| virus_strain = [[Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2|SARS‑CoV‑2]]
| location = [[Israel]]
| location = [[Israel]]
| first_outbreak = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China
| first_outbreak = [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], China
| index_case = [[Ramat Gan]]
| index_case = [[Ramat Gan]]
| arrival_date = 21 February 2020<br />({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|month1=02|day1=21|year1=2020|month2=|day2=|year2=}})
| arrival_date = 21 February 2020<br />({{age in years and months|2020|2|21}} ago)
| confirmed_cases = 4,699,229<ref name=info/>
| confirmed_cases = 423,262<ref name=info>{{cite web |url=https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/ |title=נגיף הקורונה בישראל - תמונת מצב כללית |language=he}}</ref>
| active_cases = 8,101<ref name=info>{{cite web |url=https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/general |title=נגיף הקורונה בישראל - תמונת מצב כללית |publisher=Israel Ministry of Health |access-date=12 July 2021 |language=Hebrew}}</ref>
| active_cases = 43,615
| severe_cases = 679<ref name=info/>
| suspected_cases =
| severe_cases = 107<ref name=info/>
| recovery_cases = 376,322<ref name=info/>
| recovery_cases = 4,677,942<ref name=info/>
| deaths = 3,325<ref name=info/>
| deaths = 11,801<ref name=info/>
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage|3,325|423,262|2}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coronatracker.com/country/israel/|title=Corona Tracker Overview|website=www.coronatracker.com}}</ref>
| fatality_rate = {{Percentage|11,801|4,699,229|2}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.coronatracker.com/country/israel/ |title=Israel Overview |website=CoronaTracker |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref>
| website = {{URL|1=https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus-en/|2=govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona}},{{URL|1=https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19|2=datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/}},{{URL|1=https://www.oref.org.il/|2=oref.org.il}}
| website = {{bulleted list |{{URL|https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus-en/|govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona}} |{{URL|https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/general|datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19}} |{{URL|https://www.oref.org.il/en|oref.org.il/en}}}}
| vaccinations = <!-- A list in here will be shown without bullet points -->
}}
}}
The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Israel''' ({{langx|he|מגפת הקורונה בישראל|lit=The corona pandemic in Israel}}) is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of coronavirus disease 2019 ({{nowrap|[[COVID-19]]}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The first case in [[Israel]] was confirmed on 21 February 2020, when a female citizen tested positive for COVID-19 at the [[Sheba Medical Center]] after return from [[quarantine]] on the ''[[Diamond Princess (ship)|Diamond Princess]]'' ship in Japan.<ref name="timesofisrael.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-as-cruise-ship-returnee-diagnosed/|title=Israel confirms first coronavirus case as cruise ship returnee diagnosed|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=21 February 2020|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221131453/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-as-cruise-ship-returnee-diagnosed/|archive-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, a 14-day [[Isolation (health care)|home isolation]] rule was instituted for anyone who had visited South Korea or Japan, and a ban was placed on non-residents and non-citizens who were in South Korea for 14 days before their arrival.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://honestreporting.com/how-israel-dealing-coronavirus/|title=How is Israel Dealing With Coronavirus?|date=16 March 2020}}</ref>


Beginning on 11 March 2020, Israel began enforcing [[social distancing]] and other rules to limit the spread of infection. Gatherings were first restricted to no more than 100 people,<ref name="gathering-limit-100">{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Coronavirus-cases-climb-to-77-second-case-of-unknown-origin-confirmed-620578|title=Israel limits gatherings to 100 people as coronavirus cases climb to 97|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=11 March 2020}}</ref> and on 15 March this figure was lowered to 10 people, with attendees advised to keep a distance of {{cvt|2|m}} between one another.<ref name="No more daycare, restaurants, gyms">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/no-more-daycare-restaurants-gyms-or-prayer-quorums-the-new-virus-regulations/|title=No more daycare, restaurants, gyms or prayer quorums: The new virus regulations|date=15 March 2020}}</ref> On 19 March, Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] declared a national state of emergency, saying that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services—including food stores, pharmacies, and banks—would remain open. Restrictions on movement were further tightened on 25 March and 1 April, with everyone instructed to cover their noses and mouths outdoors. As coronavirus diagnoses spiked in the city of [[Bnei Brak]], reaching nearly 1,000 infected people at the beginning of April,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rktqtmXPI|title=Bnei Brak coronavirus cases near 1000 as Haredi cities hit hardest|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|work=Ynetnews}}</ref> the cabinet voted to declare the city a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit for a period of one week. Coinciding with the [[Passover Seder]] on the night of 8 April, lawmakers ordered a 3-day travel ban and mandated that Israelis stay within {{cvt|100|m}} of their home on the night of the Seder. On 12 April, [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] neighborhoods in [[Jerusalem]] were placed under closure.
The '''COVID-19 pandemic in Israel''' is part of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|worldwide pandemic]] of [[coronavirus disease 2019]] ({{nowrap|COVID-19}}) caused by [[severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus&nbsp;2]] ({{nowrap|SARS-CoV-2}}). The first case in [[Israel]] was confirmed on 21 February 2020, when a female citizen tested positive for [[coronavirus disease 2019]] at the [[Sheba Medical Center]] after return from [[quarantine]] on the ''[[Diamond Princess (ship)|Diamond Princess]]'' ship in Japan.<ref name="timesofisrael.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-as-cruise-ship-returnee-diagnosed/|title=Israel confirms first coronavirus case as cruise ship returnee diagnosed|work=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=21 February 2020|access-date=21 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221131453/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-confirms-first-coronavirus-case-as-cruise-ship-returnee-diagnosed/|archive-date=21 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> As a result, a 14-day [[Isolation (health care)|home isolation]] rule was instituted for anyone who had visited South Korea or Japan, and a ban was placed on non-residents and non-citizens who were in South Korea for 14 days before their arrival.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://honestreporting.com/how-israel-dealing-coronavirus/|title=How is Israel Dealing With Coronavirus?|date=16 March 2020}}</ref>


On 20 March 2020, an 88-year-old [[Holocaust survivors|Holocaust survivor]] in Jerusalem who had previous illnesses was announced as the country's first casualty.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rabinovitch |first1=Ari |title=Israel reports first coronavirus fatality |url=https://news.yahoo.com/israel-reports-first-coronavirus-fatality-212259437.html |website=news.yahoo.com |publisher=Reuters |date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Estrin |first1=Daniel |title=Holocaust Survivor Is First Coronavirus Death In Israel |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/03/21/819541569/holocaust-survivor-is-first-coronavirus-death-in-israel |website=NPR |language=en |date=21 March 2020}}</ref> The pandemic occurred during the [[2019–2022 Israeli political crisis]] and had a significant political impact.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Jewish Chronicle|title=A bipartisan protest movement is rocking Israel|url=https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/a-bipartisan-protest-movement-is-rocking-israel |date=5 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Thousands gather in Tel Aviv for Black Flag protest against coalition|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/thousands-gather-in-tel-aviv-for-black-flag-protest-against-coalition-625911 |date=26 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=CNN|date=22 December 2020|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/22/middleeast/israel-government-collapses-intl/index.html|title=Israel's government collapses, not with a bang but a whimper, triggering fourth election in 2 years}}</ref> All restrictions in Israel were removed throughout the spring of 2021, later reintroducing face mask requirements.<ref>{{cite web|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=2021-06-25|title=Israel resumes indoor mask requirement after rise in Covid cases|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/25/israel-resumes-indoor-mask-requirement-after-rise-in-covid-cases|access-date=2021-06-25|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> Restrictions on non-citizens entering the country remained until January 2022.
Beginning on 11 March, Israel began enforcing [[social distancing]] and other rules to limit the spread of infection. Gatherings were first restricted to no more than 100 people,<ref name="gathering-limit-100">{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Coronavirus-cases-climb-to-77-second-case-of-unknown-origin-confirmed-620578|title=Israel limits gatherings to 100 people as coronavirus cases climb to 97|work=[[The Jerusalem Post]]|date=11 March 2020}}</ref> and on 15 March this figure was lowered to 10 people, with attendees advised to keep a distance of {{cvt|2|m}} between one another.<ref name="No more daycare, restaurants, gyms">{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/no-more-daycare-restaurants-gyms-or-prayer-quorums-the-new-virus-regulations/|title=No more daycare, restaurants, gyms or prayer quorums: The new virus regulations|date=15 March 2020}}</ref> On 19 March, Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] declared a national state of emergency, saying that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services—including food stores, pharmacies, and banks—would remain open. Restrictions on movement were further tightened on 25 March and 1 April, with all individuals instructed to cover their noses and mouths outdoors. As coronavirus diagnoses spiked in the city of [[Bnei Brak]], reaching nearly 1,000 infected individuals at the beginning of April,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/rktqtmXPI|title=Bnei Brak coronavirus cases near 1000 as Haredi cities hit hardest|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|work=Ynetnews}}</ref> the cabinet voted to declare the city a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit for a period of one week. Coinciding with the [[Passover Seder]] on the night of 8 April, lawmakers ordered a 3-day travel ban and mandated that Israelis stay within {{cvt|100|m}} of their home on the night of the Seder. On 12 April, [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] neighborhoods in [[Jerusalem]] were placed under closure.


[[Israel Shield]], the country's national program to combat the pandemic, was established in July 2020.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/virus-outbreak-israel-archive-public-health-eee3bce4190c9f201978a0e1c5a15d94 "AP Interview: Israeli virus czar fights outbreak, politics."] ''[[Associated Press]]'', September 25, 2020.</ref> As of June 2021, it is led by [[Salman Zarka]], a position known as the "COVID czar".<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/virus-czar-calls-to-begin-readying-for-eventual-4th-vaccine-dose/ "Virus czar calls to begin readying for eventual 4th vaccine dose."] ''[[The Times of Israel]],'' September 5, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-s-covid-czar-to-travel-to-ukraine-to-oversee-uman-pilgrimage-1.10181763 "Israel's COVID Czar to Travel to Ukraine to Oversee Uman Pilgrimage".] ''[[Haaretz]]'', September 5, 2021.</ref>
On 20 March, an 88-year-old [[Holocaust survivors|Holocaust survivor]] in Jerusalem who suffered from previous illnesses was announced as the country's first casualty.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rabinovitch |first1=Ari |title=Israel reports first coronavirus fatality |url=https://news.yahoo.com/israel-reports-first-coronavirus-fatality-212259437.html |website=news.yahoo.com |publisher=Reuters |date=20 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Estrin |first1=Daniel |title=Holocaust Survivor Is First Coronavirus Death In Israel |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/03/21/819541569/holocaust-survivor-is-first-coronavirus-death-in-israel |website=NPR |language=en |date=21 March 2020}}</ref>


==Timeline==
The first wave of the pandemic came amid the [[2019–20 Israeli political crisis|absence of an official government]], as no ruling coalition had been formed following the [[2020 Israeli legislative election]], the third since the dissolution of the government in December 2018. Netanyahu continued to act as prime minister, and has been accused of adopting additional powers in the effort to monitor and contain the spread of the virus. A [[national unity government]] was sworn in on 17 May 2020. During the second wave, movements such as the 'Black Flags'<ref>{{cite news|agency=Jewish Chronicle|title=A bipartisan protest movement is rocking Israel|url=https://jewishchronicle.timesofisrael.com/a-bipartisan-protest-movement-is-rocking-israel |date=5 August 2020}}</ref> and the gatherings in front of Netanyahu's residence protested his government's response to the virus.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Thousands gather in Tel Aviv for Black Flag protest against coalition|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/thousands-gather-in-tel-aviv-for-black-flag-protest-against-coalition-625911 |date=26 April 2020}}</ref> During the third wave, on 22 December 2020, the national unity government collapsed, triggering a fourth election in two years.<ref>{{cite news|agency=CNN|date=22 December 2020|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/12/22/middleeast/israel-government-collapses-intl/index.html|title=Israel's government collapses, not with a bang but a whimper, triggering fourth election in 2 years}}</ref>
=== First wave: February to May 2020 ===

== First wave ==
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases chart}}{{anchor|COVID chart}}


===First cases===
====First cases====
On 21 February, Israel confirmed the first case of [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]]. A female Israeli citizen who had flown home from Japan after being [[quarantine]]d on the ''[[Diamond Princess (ship)|Diamond Princess]]'' tested positive at [[Sheba Medical Center]].<ref name="timesofisrael.com" /> On 23 February, a second former ''Diamond Princess'' passenger tested positive, and was admitted to a hospital for isolation.<ref name="JP-Il2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Netanyahu-International-coronavirus-quarantine-list-may-grow-618492|title=Second coronavirus case in Israel confirmed, as panic increases|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224174050/https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Netanyahu-International-coronavirus-quarantine-list-may-grow-618492|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 21 February, Israel confirmed the first case of [[COVID-19]]. A female Israeli citizen who had flown home from Japan after being [[quarantine]]d on the ''[[Diamond Princess (ship)|Diamond Princess]]'' tested positive at [[Sheba Medical Center]].<ref name="timesofisrael.com" /> On 23 February, a second former ''Diamond Princess'' passenger tested positive, and was admitted to a hospital for isolation.<ref name="JP-Il2">{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Netanyahu-International-coronavirus-quarantine-list-may-grow-618492|title=Second coronavirus case in Israel confirmed, as panic increases|publisher=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 February 2020|access-date=24 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224174050/https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Netanyahu-International-coronavirus-quarantine-list-may-grow-618492|archive-date=24 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>


On 27 February, a man, who had returned from Italy on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to Sheba Medical Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJkE9zHVI|title=Israel confirms its first case of coronavirus|publisher=Ynet News|date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227113139/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJkE9zHVI|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 February, his wife also tested positive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Health-Ministry-confirms-second-case-of-coronavirus-in-Israel-619189|title=Health Ministry confirms second case of coronavirus in Israel|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|access-date=2020-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228090123/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Health-Ministry-confirms-second-case-of-coronavirus-in-Israel-619189|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
On 27 February, a man, who had returned from Italy on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to Sheba Medical Center.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJkE9zHVI|title=Israel confirms its first case of coronavirus|newspaper=Ynetnews|publisher=Ynet News|date=27 February 2020|access-date=27 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227113139/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJkE9zHVI|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 28 February, his wife also tested positive.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Health-Ministry-confirms-second-case-of-coronavirus-in-Israel-619189|title=Health Ministry confirms second case of coronavirus in Israel|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com|date=28 February 2020 |access-date=2020-02-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228090123/https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Health-Ministry-confirms-second-case-of-coronavirus-in-Israel-619189|archive-date=28 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 1 March, a female soldier tested positive for the virus. She had been working at the toy store managed by the same man diagnosed on 27 February.<ref name="15cases">{{cite news |last1=Hilai |first1=Sivan |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Roy |title=Number of people infected with coronavirus in Israel jumps to 15 |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/B1Z006ThVI |newspaper=Ynetnews|date=4 March 2020 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> On 3 March, three more cases were confirmed. Two contracted the virus at the same toy store: a middle school student who worked at the store, and a school deputy principal who shopped there. Following this, 1,150 students entered a two-week quarantine. One other person, who had returned from a trip to Italy on 29 February, also tested positive for the virus.<ref name="15cases" />


==== Information campaign ====
On 1 March, a female soldier tested positive for the virus. She had been working at the toy store managed by the same man diagnosed on 27 February.<ref name="15cases">{{cite web |last1=Hilai |first1=Sivan |last2=Rubinstein |first2=Roy |title=Number of people infected with coronavirus in Israel jumps to 15 |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/B1Z006ThVI |website=Ynet News|date=4 March 2020 |access-date=4 March 2020}}</ref> On 3 March, three more cases were confirmed. Two contracted the virus at the same toy store: a middle school student who worked at the store, and a school deputy principal who shopped there. Following this, 1,150 students entered a two-week quarantine. One other person, who had returned from a trip to Italy on 29 February, also tested positive for the virus.<ref name="15cases" />
The government has set up a multi-lingual website with information and instructions regarding the pandemic. Among the languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, Amharic, French, Spanish, Ukrainian, Romanian, Thai, Chinese, Tigrinya, Hindi, Filipino.<ref>{{cite web|title=נגיף הקורונה - משרד הבריאות|trans-title=The Novel Coronavirus - Israel Ministry of Health|url=https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703233603/https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus/|archive-date=2020-07-03|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref><!-- There is no news source for the available languages, however, they are all easily accessible via the language menu on the website itself --> The government also set up a dashboard where daily statistics can be viewed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/general |title=COVID19 dashboard| publisher=Israel Ministry of Health}}</ref>


==== Travel restrictions ====
===Government response===
On 26 January 2020, Israel advised against non-essential travel to China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Halon |first1=Eytan |title=Israel warns against all non-essential travel to China |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-warns-against-all-non-essential-travel-to-China-615417 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=26 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, Israel suspended all flights from China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kandel |first1=Rina Rozenberg |last2=Efrati |first2=Ido |title=Israel Suspends All Flights From China, Isolates Arrivals Over Coronavirus Outbreak |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-suspends-all-flights-from-china-isolates-arrivals-over-coronavirus-outbreak-1.8472297 |work=Haaretz |date=30 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> On 17 February, Israel extended the ban to include arrivals from Thailand, Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel bans foreigners coming from East Asian countries over virus fears |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bans-foreigners-coming-from-east-asian-countries-over-virus-fears/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=17 February 2020}}</ref> On 22 February, a flight from Seoul, South Korea, landed at [[Ben Gurion Airport]]. An ad hoc decision was made to allow only Israeli citizens to disembark the plane, and all non-Israeli citizens aboard returned to South Korea.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Raz-Chaimovich |first1=Michal |title=Israel refuses entry to Korean Air passengers |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-refuses-entry-to-korean-air-passengers-1001319306 |website=Globes |language=he |date=23 February 2020}}</ref> Later, Israel barred the entry of non-residents or non-citizens of Israel who were in South Korea during the 14 days prior to their arrival in Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Blumentha |first1=Itay |title=Israel extends entry ban over coronavirus to South Korea and Japan |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJYoiRCmL |website=Ynetnews |language=en |date=22 February 2020}}</ref> The same directive was applied to those arriving from Japan starting 23 February.<ref name="JP-Il2" /> On 26 February, Israel issued a travel warning to Italy, and urged cancelling of all travel abroad.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ynet |title=Israel issues travel warning to Italy, urges cancelling all travel abroad |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/S1QOoXNVU |work=Ynet News |date=26 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref> By the third week in March, [[El Al]], Israel's national air carrier, responded to a government request to send rescue flights to Peru, India, Australia, Brazil, and Costa Rica to bring home hundreds of [[Israelis]] who were stranded around the world due to the worldwide pandemic. On 22 March, 550 Israelis returned from India; a few days before about 1,100 Israeli travelers were repatriated from Peru.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HkK1211B88|title=El Al answers government's plea to rescue more Israelis stranded overseas|date=2020-03-22|website=ynetnews|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23|last1=Blumenthal|first1=Itay}}</ref>
The government has set up [https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus-en/ a multi-lingual website] with information and instructions regarding the pandemic. Among the languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, Amharic, French, Spanish, Ukrainian, Romanian, Thai, Chinese, Tigrinya, Hindi, Filipino.<ref>{{Cite web|title=נגיף הקורונה - משרד הבריאות|trans-title=The Novel Coronavirus - Israel Ministry of Health|url=https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703233603/https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus/|archive-date=2020-07-03|access-date=2020-07-05}}</ref><!-- There is no news source for the available languages, however, they are all easily accessible via the language menu on the website itself -->
The government also set up a [https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/ dashboard] where daily statistics can be viewed.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://datadashboard.health.gov.il/COVID-19/general?utm_source=go.gov.il&utm_medium=referral|title=COVID19 dashboard|agency=Israel Ministry of Health}}</ref>


On 21 February, Israel instituted a 14-day [[Isolation (health care)|home isolation]] rule for anyone who had been in South Korea or Japan.<ref name="JP-Il2" /> A number of tourists tested positive after visiting Israel, including members of a group from South Korea,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/health-ministry-korean-nationals-who-visited-israel-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-1.8564475|title=Korean Nationals Who Visited Israel, West Bank Tested Positive for Coronavirus|newspaper=Haaretz|date=24 February 2020|last1=Efrati|first1=Ido}}</ref> two people from Romania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/8-more-people-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-in-bucharest-25-cases-confirmed-overall-in-romania/|title=8 more people tested positive for Coronavirus in Bucharest, 25 cases confirmed overall in Romania|website=Romania Journal|date=10 March 2020}}</ref> a group of Greek pilgrims,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/greek-tourist-who-recently-visited-israel-dies-of-coronavirus/|title=Greek tourist who recently visited Israel dies of coronavirus|agency=Romania Journal|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> and a woman from the U.S. [[New York (state)|State of New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-5-2020/|title=Virus cases in New York state double to 22|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|date=5 March 2020}}</ref> 200 Israeli students were quarantined after being exposed to a group of religious tourists from South Korea.<ref name="JP-Il2" /> An additional 1,400 Israelis were quarantined after having traveled abroad.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/H1nXPa7E8|title=1,600 Israelis are in 14-day quarantine for coronavirus|website=ynetnews|first1=Sivan|last1=Hilaie|date=2020-02-26|access-date=2020-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227093422/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/H1nXPa7E8|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> On 9 March, Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] declared a mandatory quarantine for all people entering Israel, requiring all entrants to quarantine themselves for 14 days upon entering the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1237075668967534592|title=Twitter|website=mobile.twitter.com|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="quarantine.bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51809818|title=Israel declares 14-day quarantine for all arrivals|work=BBC News|date=9 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> The order was effective immediately for all returning Israelis, and would apply beginning on 13 March for all foreign citizens, who must show that they have arranged for accommodation during their quarantine period.<ref name="quarantine.bbc" />
====Travel and entry restrictions====
On 26 January 2020, Israel advised against non-essential travel to China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Halon |first1=Eytan |title=Israel warns against all non-essential travel to China |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-warns-against-all-non-essential-travel-to-China-615417 |work=The Jerusalem Post |date=26 January 2020}}</ref> On 30 January, Israel suspended all flights from China.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kandel |first1=Rina Rozenberg |last2=Efrati |first2=Ido |title=Israel Suspends All Flights From China, Isolates Arrivals Over Coronavirus Outbreak |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-suspends-all-flights-from-china-isolates-arrivals-over-coronavirus-outbreak-1.8472297 |work=Haaretz |date=30 January 2020 |language=en}}</ref> On 17 February, Israel extended the ban to include arrivals from Thailand, Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Israel bans foreigners coming from East Asian countries over virus fears |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bans-foreigners-coming-from-east-asian-countries-over-virus-fears/ |work=The Times of Israel |date=17 February 2020}}</ref>


==== Social distancing and closures ====
On 22 February, a flight from Seoul, South Korea, landed at [[Ben Gurion Airport]]. An ad hoc decision was made to allow only Israeli citizens to disembark the plane, and all non-Israeli citizens aboard returned to South Korea.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Raz-Chaimovich |first1=Michal |title=Israel refuses entry to Korean Air passengers |url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-refuses-entry-to-korean-air-passengers-1001319306 |website=Globes |language=he |date=23 February 2020}}</ref> Later, Israel barred the entry of non-residents or non-citizens of Israel who were in South Korea during the 14 days prior to their arrival in Israel.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blumentha |first1=Itay |title=Israel extends entry ban over coronavirus to South Korea and Japan |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJYoiRCmL |website=Ynetnews |language=en |date=22 February 2020}}</ref> The same directive was applied to those arriving from Japan starting 23 February.<ref name="JP-Il2" />
[[File:Social distancing Jerusalem supermarket aisle.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Tiles on supermarket aisle floor. Every seven tiles there is a sticker saying "For the sake of your health, stand here" in Hebrew.|Stickers in supermarket aisles encourage people to distance themselves from one another]]
On 2 March, the [[2020 Israeli legislative election]] was held. Multiple secluded voting booths were established for 5,630 quarantined Israeli citizens who were eligible to vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jaffe-Hoffman |first1=Maayan |last2=Hoffman |first2=Gil |url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/With-5630-Israelis-in-isolation-Health-Ministry-says-go-vote-619391 |title=With 5,630 Israelis in isolation, Health Ministry says 'go vote' |work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> 4,073 citizens voted in the coronavirus-special voting booths. After the election, numerous Israelis were in quarantine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Oster |first=Marcy |date=March 2, 2020 |title=Israelis in quarantine due to coronavirus exposure vote at special polling locations |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/03/02/israel/israelis-in-quarantine-due-to-coronavirus-exposure-exercise-their-right-to-vote-at-special-polling-locations |website=jta.org}}</ref> On 10 March, Israel began limiting gatherings to 2,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|last=Times of Israel Staff|date=10 March 2020|title=Israel bars gatherings over 2,000 people, limits visits to sick or elderly|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bars-gatherings-over-2000-people-limits-visits-to-sick-or-elderly/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613075723/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bars-gatherings-over-2000-people-limits-visits-to-sick-or-elderly/|archive-date=13 June 2020|access-date=5 July 2020|website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> A day later, on March 11, Israel further limited gatherings to 100 people.<ref name="gathering-limit-100" /> On 14 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced new regulations and stated the need to "adopt a new way of life". The Health Ministry posted new regulations, effective 15 March. These included banning gatherings of more than 10 people, and closure of all educational institutions, among them daycare centers, special education, youth movements, and after-school programs. The list of venues required to close included: malls, restaurants, hotel dining rooms, pubs, dance clubs, gyms, pools, beaches, water and amusement parks, zoos and petting zoos, bathhouses and ritual baths for men, beauty and massage salons, event and conference venues, public boats and cable cars, and heritage sites. Take-away restaurants, supermarkets, and pharmacies were to remain open. The pandemic forced many events to be cancelled. Notwithstanding the closure of wedding halls, weddings took place in private homes with the limitation of no more than 10 participants in each room; dancing could take place both indoors and in outdoor courtyards. Weddings were also held on rooftops and [[yeshiva]] courtyards. In one case, a [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]] couple opted to hold their wedding ceremony in an Osher Ad supermarket, which was exempt from the 10-person rule.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/corona-restrictions-force-israeli-couples-to-hold-creative--and-clandestine--weddings/2020/03/18/3c5a8916-6857-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html|title=Coronavirus restrictions force Israeli couples to hold creative — and clandestine — weddings|first=Ruth|last=Eglash|date=March 18, 2020|access-date=March 19, 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> The [[Qibli Mosque|Al-Aqsa Mosque]] and [[Dome of the Rock]] closed to prevent contamination of the holy sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/jerusalem-al-aqsa-mosque-shut-precaution-coronavirus-200315103612710.html|title=Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque shut as precaution against coronavirus|agency=Al Jazeera|date=15 March 2020}}</ref> As a result of the government's directive for citizens to remain at home, there was an increase in calls to [[List of domestic violence hotlines|domestic violence hotlines]], and [[women's shelter]]s were close to full capacity, both due to new arrivals and to current residents who remained due to the pandemic.<ref name=abuse>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/with-families-cooped-up-at-home-due-to-virus-domestic-violence-complaints-soar/|title=With families cooped up at home due to virus, domestic violence complaints soar|date=March 23, 2020|access-date=March 23, 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


On 9 March, after it was discovered that an employee at the [[Embassy of Israel, Athens|Israeli embassy in Greece]] had contracted coronavirus and spread it to two family members, it was announced that the embassy was temporarily shutting down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/worker-at-israeli-embassy-in-athens-2-family-members-diagnosed-with-coronavirus/|title=Worker at Israeli embassy in Athens, 2 family members diagnosed with coronavirus|agency=Times of Israel|date=March 9, 2020}}</ref> On 12 March, Israel announced that all universities and schools would close until after the [[Passover]] (spring) break.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Coronavirus-Teachers-Union-calls-on-Education-Ministry-to-shutter-schools-620688|title=109 Israelis diagnosed with coronavirus, schools to close|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> After the break, schools remained closed<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5711964,00.html|title=בתי ספר בהדרגה, בלי בתי קפה: אסטרטגיית היציאה|date=2020-04-10|website=ynet|language=he|access-date=2020-04-23|last1=Ynet|first1=כתבי}}</ref> and students learned online. On 3 May, grades one to three were allowed to resume school, with restrictions, and not in all cities. In addition, grades eleven and twelve were allowed to hold revisions for the upcoming [[Bagrut certificate|Bagrut]] exams.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=26 April 2020|title=Education Ministry proposes reopening some schools starting May 3|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/education-ministry-proposes-reopening-some-schools-starting-may-3#gs.fpgqo6|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref> On 15 March, [[Ministry of Justice (Israel)|Justice Minister]] [[Amir Ohana]] expanded his powers and announced that non-urgent court activity would be frozen. As a result, the [[Trial of Benjamin Netanyahu|corruption trial]] of Prime Minister Netanyahu was postponed from 17 March to 24 May. The [[Movement for Quality Government in Israel]] urged the Attorney General to stay the new regulations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-netanyahu-trial-postponed-by-two-months-1.8675477|title=Netanyahu Trial Postponed as Justice Minister Freezes Courts Over Coronavirus Emergency|date=15 March 2020}}</ref> On 16 March, the [[Bank of Israel]] ordered retail banks to close, but allowed special services to remain open for elderly people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tress |first1=Luke |title=Bank of Israel orders most retail banks closed, special services for elderly |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bank-of-israel-orders-most-retail-banks-closed-special-services-for-elderly/ |work=Times of Israel |date=16 March 2020}}</ref> On 22 March, both the open-air [[Carmel Market]] in [[Tel Aviv]] and the open-air [[Mahane Yehuda Market]] in Jerusalem were closed by police.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-israel/2020_q1/Article-743beaedb510171026.htm|title=תיעוד: שוטרים עוברים בשוק הכרמל וסוגרים את הדוכנים|trans-title=Documentation: Police officers pass through the Carmel Market and close the stands|date=22 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Keshet Media Group|Mako]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kolhair.co.il/jerusalem-news/126083/|title=כעת, שוטרים החלו בסגירת שוק מחנה יהודה|language=he|trans-title=Now, police have begun closing the Mahane Yehuda Market|first=Shlomi|last=Heller|date=22 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Kol Ha'ir]]}}</ref> Many supermarkets experienced a shortage of eggs caused by panic buying and fear of shutdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/agriculture-minister-orders-egg-imports-as-panicked-buyers-spark-shortage/|title=Agriculture minister orders egg imports as panicked buyers spark shortage|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref>
On 26 February, Israel issued a travel warning to Italy, and urged cancelling of all travel abroad.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ynet |title=Israel issues travel warning to Italy, urges cancelling all travel abroad |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/S1QOoXNVU |work=Ynet News |date=26 February 2020 |language=en}}</ref>


====14-day self-isolation====
==== Medical response ====
As late as 15 March, doctors complained that guidelines for testing were too restrictive.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-health-ministry-s-refusal-to-ok-tests-leads-to-dumping-of-samples-1.8675058|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Refusal to Approve Tests Leads to Dumping Samples |newspaper=Haaretz |agency=Haaretz|date=15 March 2020|last1=Efrati |first1=Ido}}</ref> On 16 March, the Health Ministry approved a number of experimental treatments for patients with COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Health-Ministry-approves-experimental-treatments-for-coronavirus-621209|title=Health Ministry approves experimental treatments for coronavirus|date=16 March 2020}}</ref> On 18 March, the Defense Ministry took over purchasing of Corona-related gear.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-18-2020/|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Defense Ministry takes over buying corona-related gear amid claims of shortages|date=18 March 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]] announced that they are working on a [[COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Efrati |first1=Ido |last2=Levinson |first2=Chaim |title=Israeli Research Center to Announce It Developed Coronavirus Vaccine, Sources Say |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-coronavirus-vaccine-israel-biological-research-institute-develope-1.8665074 |work=Haaretz |date=18 March 2020}}</ref> On 18 March at 6 pm, Israelis across the country applauded from their balconies for two minutes in appreciation of medical workers and first responders battling coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news |last=Kerstein |first=Benjamin |date=19 March 2020 |title=Israelis Across Country Applaud From Their Balconies in Appreciation of Medical Workers Battling Coronavirus |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2020/03/19/israelis-across-country-applaud-from-their-balconies-in-appreciation-of-medical-workers-battling-coronavirus/ |work=Algemeiner Journal |access-date=12 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.israel21c.org/israelis-applaud-healthcare-workers-in-two-minute-clap/ |title = Israelis applaud healthcare workers in two-minute clap|date = 22 March 2020}}</ref> On 29 March, [[Magen David Adom]] announced that it will collect [[blood plasma]] from recovered COVID-19 patients to treat those most severely affected by the infection.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1585476888-israel-mda-to-collect-plasma-from-recovered-coronavirus-donors-to-treat-severely-ill|title=Israel: MDA to collect plasma from recovered coronavirus donors to treat severely ill|date=29 March 2020|work=i24 News}}</ref> In December 2021, the Israeli Ministry of Health approved the use of Pfizer's [[Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir]] for treating COVID-19.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Use of Pfizer's Anti-Viral Drug for the Treatment of COVID-19 Has Been Approved|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/26122021-01|access-date=2021-12-28|website=GOV.IL|language=en}}</ref>
On 21 February, Israel instituted a 14-day [[Isolation (health care)|home isolation]] rule for anyone who had been in South Korea or Japan.<ref name="JP-Il2" />


==== Politics ====
A number of tourists tested positive after visiting Israel, including members of a group from South Korea,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/health-ministry-korean-nationals-who-visited-israel-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-1.8564475|title=Korean Nationals Who Visited Israel, West Bank Tested Positive for Coronavirus|newspaper=Haaretz|date=24 February 2020|last1=Efrati|first1=Ido}}</ref> two people from Romania,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.romaniajournal.ro/society-people/8-more-people-tested-positive-for-coronavirus-in-bucharest-25-cases-confirmed-overall-in-romania/|title=8 more people tested positive for Coronavirus in Bucharest, 25 cases confirmed overall in Romania|website=Romania Journal|date=10 March 2020}}</ref> a group of Greek pilgrims,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/greek-tourist-who-recently-visited-israel-dies-of-coronavirus/|title=Greek tourist who recently visited Israel dies of coronavirus|agency=Romania Journal|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> and a woman from the U.S. [[New York (state)|State of New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-5-2020/|title=Virus cases in New York state double to 22|date=5 March 2020}}</ref> 200 Israeli students were quarantined after being exposed to a group of religious tourists from South Korea.<ref name="JP-Il2" /> An additional 1,400 Israelis were quarantined after having traveled abroad.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/H1nXPa7E8|title=1,600 Israelis are in 14-day quarantine for coronavirus|website=ynetnews|first1=Sivan|last1=Hilaie|date=2020-02-26|access-date=2020-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227093422/https://www.ynetnews.com/article/H1nXPa7E8|archive-date=27 February 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>
The virus begun to rapidly spread after the March 2020 election, and pandemic politics affected Israel's subsequent trajectory. The incumbent PM Benjamin Netanyahu did not win enough seats to form a coalition, and the presidential mandate to form a coalition was given to his contender, Benny Gantz. Facing criminal charges and unable to form a coalition, PM Netanyahu urged the establishment of a National Emergency Government (NEG). Abulof and Le Penne argue that Netanyahu succeeded partly through fearmongering. Suggesting that “If I fall, Israel falls”, Netanyahu compared the COVID-19 crisis to the Holocaust, qualifying “unlike the holocaust, this time – this time, we identified the danger in time,” saying that NEG headed by him is needed “like before the Six-Day War,” to “save the country.”<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Abulof |first1=Uriel |last2=Le Penne |first2=Shirley |date=2021 |title=A Fearmonger at the Tiller: Israel's Pandemic Politics |journal=Israel Studies Review |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=19–25 |doi=10.3167/isr.2021.360302|s2cid=245168870 }}</ref>

On 9 March, Prime Minister [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] declared a mandatory quarantine for all people entering Israel, requiring all entrants to quarantine themselves for 14 days upon entering the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/netanyahu/status/1237075668967534592|title=Twitter|website=mobile.twitter.com|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="quarantine.bbc">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51809818|title=Israel declares 14-day quarantine for all arrivals|work=BBC News|date=9 March 2020|access-date=10 March 2020}}</ref> The order was effective immediately for all returning Israelis, and would apply beginning on 13 March for all foreign citizens, who must show that they have arranged for accommodation during their quarantine period.<ref name="quarantine.bbc" />

====Voting booths for quarantined citizens====
On 2 March, the [[2020 Israeli legislative election]] was held. Multiple secluded voting booths were established for 5,630 quarantined Israeli citizens who were eligible to vote.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Jaffe-Hoffman |first1=Maayan |last2=Hoffman |first2=Gil |url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/With-5630-Israelis-in-isolation-Health-Ministry-says-go-vote-619391 |title=With 5,630 Israelis in isolation, Health Ministry says 'go vote' |work=Jerusalem Post}}</ref> 4,073 citizens voted in the coronavirus-special voting booths. After the election, numerous Israelis were in quarantine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Oster |first=Marcy |date=March 2, 2020 |title=Israelis in quarantine due to coronavirus exposure vote at special polling locations |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/03/02/israel/israelis-in-quarantine-due-to-coronavirus-exposure-exercise-their-right-to-vote-at-special-polling-locations |website=jta.org}}</ref>

====Court freeze====
On 15 March, [[Ministry of Justice (Israel)|Justice Minister]] [[Amir Ohana]] expanded his powers and announced that non-urgent court activity would be frozen. As a result, the [[Investigations against Benjamin Netanyahu|corruption trial]] of Prime Minister Netanyahu was postponed from 17 March to 24 May. The [[Movement for Quality Government in Israel]] urged the Attorney General to stay the new regulations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/elections/.premium-netanyahu-trial-postponed-by-two-months-1.8675477|title=Netanyahu Trial Postponed as Justice Minister Freezes Courts Over Coronavirus Emergency|date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

====Mobile phone tracking of infected individuals====
On 15 March, the Israeli government proposed allowing the [[Shin Bet|Israel Security Agency]] (ISA) to track the prior movements of people diagnosed with coronavirus through their mobile phones. The security service would not require a [[court order]] for its surveillance. The stated goal of the measure was to identify people with whom infected individuals came into contact in the two weeks prior to their diagnosis, and to dispatch text messages informing those people that they must enter the 14-day self-quarantine. The security measure was to be in place for only 30 days after approval by a [[Knesset]] subcommittee, and all records were to be deleted after that point. Critics branded the proposal an [[invasion of privacy]] and [[civil liberties]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/government-okays-mass-surveillance-of-israelis-phones-to-curb-coronavirus/|title=Government okays mass surveillance of Israelis' phones to curb coronavirus|first=Judah Ari|last=Gross|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-cases-in-israel-spike-to-164-nearly-2-500-medical-officials-quarantined-1.8671075|title=Live Updates Israel Approves Cellphone Tracking for Coronavirus Patients as Cases Rise to 213|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref>

On 17 March, at 1:30 AM, a Knesset committee approved the contact-tracing program.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-committee-chair-slams-cabinets-phone-tracking-decision-as-power-grab/|title=Knesset committee chair slams cabinet's phone tracking decision as 'power grab'|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Within the first two days, the [[Ministry of Health (Israel)|Ministry of Health]] text-messaged 400 individuals who had been in proximity to an infected person, and told them to enter a 14-day self-quarantine. On 19 March, the [[Supreme Court of Israel]] heard petitions to halt the contact-tracing program, submitted by the [[Association for Civil Rights in Israel]], and [[Adalah (legal center)|Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights]], and issued an interim order.<ref>[https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/sites/default/files/upload/opinions/Ben%20Meir%20v.%20Prime%20Minister.pdf HCJ 2109/20 ''Association for Civil Rights v. Prime Minister'' (19 March 2020)]</ref><ref>[https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/viewpoints/coronavirus-interim-order-update Updated decision in HCJ 2109/20 ''Association for Civil Rights v. Prime Minister'' (24 March 2020)]</ref> The same day, several hundred protesters converged on the Knesset to protest the phone surveillance and other restrictions on citizens' movements, as well as the shutdown of the judicial and legislative branches of the government. Police arrested three protesters for violating the ban on gatherings over 10 people, and also blocked dozens of cars from entering Jerusalem and approaching the Knesset building.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/protesters-accuse-netanyahu-of-exploiting-pandemic-for-power-grab_n_5e73ae1dc5b6eab779442d65|title=Protesters Accuse Netanyahu Of Exploiting Pandemic For Power Grab|first=Aron|last=Heller|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[HuffPost]]|date=March 19, 2020|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> On 26 March, the ISA said contact tracing had led to over 500 Israelis being notified who were then diagnosed with coronavirus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SyR8DwqUU |title = Shin Bet: Over 500 Israelis diagnosed with coronavirus thanks to agency's efforts|date = 26 March 2020}}</ref> On April 26, 2020, the Supreme Court issued its judgment on the contact-tracing petitions. In granting the petitions, the Court held that the Government's decision passed constitutional review under the exigent circumstances at the time it was made, but that further recourse to the Israel Security Agency for the purpose of contact tracing would require primary legislation in the form of a temporary order that would meet the requirements of the Limitations Clause of Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty. The Court further held that due to the fundamental importance of freedom of the press, ISA contact tracing of journalists who tested positive for the virus would require consent, and in the absence of consent, a journalist would undergo an individual epidemiological investigation, and would be asked to inform any sources with whom he was in contact over the 14 days prior to his diagnosis.<ref>[https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/opinions/ben-meir-v-prime-minister-0 English translation of the Supreme Court's judgment in HCJ 2109/20 ''Ben Meir v. Prime Minister'']</ref>

====Medical response====
As late as 15 March, doctors complained that guidelines for testing were too restrictive.<ref>{{citation|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israel-health-ministry-s-refusal-to-ok-tests-leads-to-dumping-of-samples-1.8675058|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Refusal to Approve Tests Leads to Dumping Samples |newspaper=Haaretz |agency=Haaretz|date=15 March 2020|last1=Efrati |first1=Ido}}</ref> On 16 March, the Health Ministry approved a number of experimental treatments for patients suffering from [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Health-Ministry-approves-experimental-treatments-for-coronavirus-621209|title=Health Ministry approves experimental treatments for coronavirus|date=16 March 2020}}</ref>

On 18 March, the Defense Ministry took over purchasing of Corona-related gear.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-march-18-2020/|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Defense Ministry takes over buying corona-related gear amid claims of shortages|date=18 March 2020}}</ref> On the same day, the [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]] announced that they are working on a [[COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Efrati |first1=Ido |last2=Levinson |first2=Chaim |title=Israeli Research Center to Announce It Developed Coronavirus Vaccine, Sources Say |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-coronavirus-vaccine-israel-biological-research-institute-develope-1.8665074 |work=Haaretz |date=18 March 2020}}</ref>

On 29 March, [[Magen David Adom]] announced that it will collect [[blood plasma]] from recovered [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] patients to treat those most severely affected with the infection.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1585476888-israel-mda-to-collect-plasma-from-recovered-coronavirus-donors-to-treat-severely-ill|title=Israel: MDA to collect plasma from recovered coronavirus donors to treat severely ill|date=29 March 2020|work=i24 News}}</ref>

==== Repatriation of overseas citizens ====
By the third week in March, [[El Al]], Israel's national air carrier, responded to a government request to send rescue flights to Peru, India, Australia, Brazil, and Costa Rica to bring home hundreds of Israelis who were stranded around the world due to the worldwide pandemic. On 22 March, 550 Israelis returned from India; a few days before about 1,100 Israeli travelers were repatriated from Peru.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HkK1211B88|title=El Al answers government's plea to rescue more Israelis stranded overseas|date=2020-03-22|website=ynetnews|language=en|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>

===Economic impact===
====Social distancing and closure of public spaces====
On 10 March, Israel began limiting gatherings to 2,000 people.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Times of Israel Staff|date=10 March 2020|title=Israel bars gatherings over 2,000 people, limits visits to sick or elderly|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bars-gatherings-over-2000-people-limits-visits-to-sick-or-elderly/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200613075723/https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-bars-gatherings-over-2000-people-limits-visits-to-sick-or-elderly/|archive-date=13 June 2020|access-date=5 July 2020|website=The Times of Israel}}</ref> A day later, on March 11, Israel further limited gatherings to 100 people.<ref name="gathering-limit-100" />

On 14 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced new regulations and stated the need to "adopt a new way of life". The Health Ministry posted new regulations, effective 15 March. These included banning gatherings of more than 10 people, and closure of all educational institutions, among them daycare centers, special education, youth movements, and after-school programs. The list of venues required to close included: malls, restaurants, hotel dining rooms, pubs, dance clubs, gyms, pools, beaches, water and amusement parks, zoos and petting zoos, bathhouses and ritual baths for men, beauty and massage salons, event and conference venues, public boats and cable cars, and heritage sites. Take-away restaurants, supermarkets, and pharmacies were to remain open. The [[Al-Aqsa Mosque]] and [[Dome of the Rock]] closed to prevent contamination of the holy sites.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/03/jerusalem-al-aqsa-mosque-shut-precaution-coronavirus-200315103612710.html|title=Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa Mosque shut as precaution against coronavirus|agency=Al Jazeera|date=15 March 2020}}</ref>

As a result of the government's directive for citizens to remain at home, there was an increase in calls to [[List of domestic violence hotlines|domestic violence hotlines]], and [[women's shelter]]s were close to full capacity, both due to new arrivals and to current residents who remained due to the pandemic.<ref name=abuse>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/with-families-cooped-up-at-home-due-to-virus-domestic-violence-complaints-soar/|title=With families cooped up at home due to virus, domestic violence complaints soar|date=March 23, 2020|access-date=March 23, 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
<gallery style="text-align:left">
File:Jerusalem light rail social distancing forbidden seats signs.jpg|To encourage social distancing, half of the seats on the [[Jerusalem Light Rail]] were marked with signs saying "Sitting on this seat is prohibited".
File:Bus sitting restrictions in Israel during COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel.jpg|The government prohibited sitting on the front seats of buses to reduce the chance of infecting the driver. The seats were wrapped with tape.
File:Social distancing Jerusalem supermarket aisle.jpg|alt=Tiles on supermarket aisle floor. Every seven tiles there is a sticker saying "For the sake of your health, stand here" in Hebrew.|Stickers in supermarket aisles encourage people to distance themselves from one another: "For the sake of your health, stand here".
</gallery>

====School closures====
On 12 March, Israel announced that all universities and schools would close until after the [[Passover]] (spring) break.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/HEALTH-SCIENCE/Coronavirus-Teachers-Union-calls-on-Education-Ministry-to-shutter-schools-620688|title=109 Israelis diagnosed with coronavirus, schools to close|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=12 March 2020}}</ref> After the break, schools remained closed<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-5711964,00.html|title=בתי ספר בהדרגה, בלי בתי קפה: אסטרטגיית היציאה|date=2020-04-10|website=ynet|language=he|access-date=2020-04-23}}</ref> and students learned online.

On 3 May, grades one to three were allowed to resume school, with restrictions, and not in all cities. In addition, grades eleven and twelve were allowed to hold revisions for the upcoming [[Bagrut certificate|Bagrut]] exams.<ref>{{cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=26 April 2020|title=Education Ministry proposes reopening some schools starting May 3|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/education-ministry-proposes-reopening-some-schools-starting-may-3#gs.fpgqo6|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=15 September 2020}}</ref>

====Unemployment====
On 16 March, Israel imposed limitations on the public and private sectors. All non-critical government and local authority workers were placed on paid leave until the end of the Passover holiday. Private sector firms exceeding 10 employees were required to reduce staff present in the workplace by 70%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Intern-at-Ichilov-contracts-coronavirus-as-Israeli-cases-spike-to-250-621142|title=Coronavirus: Israel places severe limits on public, private sectors|date=16 March 2020}}</ref>

By 1 April, the national unemployment rate had reached 24.4 percent. In the month of March alone, more than 844,000 individuals applied for unemployment benefits—90 percent of whom had been placed on unpaid leave due to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/The-number-of-unemployed-in-Israel-tops-1-million-for-the-first-time-623151|title=Israeli unemployment exceeds one million: 24.4% of workforce|first=Eytan|last=Halon|date=1 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>

====Public transportation====
[[File:Beersheba stabling yard a 01.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Israel Railways]] stabling yard in [[Beersheba]] is full due to the coronavirus shutdown]]
As of 19 March, public transportation ridership was down 38.5 percent compared to before the virus outbreak. Public bus operations were strictly curtailed by the government, which placed an 8 p.m. curfew on bus operations nightly, and halted all public transportation between Thursday night at 8 p.m. and Sunday morning, going beyond the usual hiatus on [[public transportation in Israel]] during [[Shabbat]] (from Friday evening to Saturday evening).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-public-transit-usage-down-385-percent-compared-to-before-coronavirus-621679|title=Israel public transit usage down 38.5% compared to before coronavirus|date=March 20, 2020|access-date=March 20, 2020|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref>

As of 22 March Israel's [[Ministry of Transport and Road Safety]] and its National Public Transportation Authority instituted a notification system allowing passengers using public transportation to inquire whether they had shared a ride with a person sick with COVID-19. The travel histories will be stored through the use of the country's electronic bus card passes, known as [[Rav-Kav]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3802936,00.html|title=Israel's Bus Pass Card to Notify Users if They Shared a Ride With a Covid-19 Patient|last=Pick|first=Lior Gutman and Adi|date=2020-03-22|website=CTECH - www.calcalistech.com|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref>

At the peak of the first wave, on 20 April 2020, public transportation ridership was down 80% compared to before the outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel public transit usage during first wave was down 80% compared to before coronavirus |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index-countries|accessdate=December 2, 2020}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>

====Israel embassy in Greece closure====
On 9 March, after it was discovered that an employee at the [[Embassy of Israel, Athens|Israeli embassy in Greece]] had contracted coronavirus and spread it to two family members, it was announced that the embassy was temporarily shutting down.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/worker-at-israeli-embassy-in-athens-2-family-members-diagnosed-with-coronavirus/|title=Worker at Israeli embassy in Athens, 2 family members diagnosed with coronavirus|agency=Times of Israel|date=March 9, 2020}}</ref>

==== Economic rescue package ====
On 30 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced an economic rescue package totaling 80 billion shekels ($22 billion), saying that was 6% of the country's GDP. The money will be allocated to health care (10 billion shekels); welfare and unemployment (30 billion shekels) aid for small and large businesses (32 billion shekels), and to financial stimulus (8 billion).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-israel-netanyahu-breaking-news-1.8720108|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Netanyahu Announces New Restrictions Barring Gatherings of Over Two|date=2020-03-30|work=Haaretz|access-date=2020-03-30|language=en}}</ref>

ּDuring April 2020, [[Bituah Leumi]] deposited one-time payments to seniors, disabled people, people receiving income support or alimony payments, and families with children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/About/news/Pages/500grant.aspx|title=Bituah Leumi 500 NIS grants|date=7 April 2020}}</ref>

On 16 June 2020, the [[Knesset]] passed a stimulus bill to encourage businesses to bring workers back from unemployment.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-approves-stimulus-bill-to-pay-businesses-thousands-to-bring-back-workers/|title=Knesset passes stimulus bill to pay businesses thousands to bring back workers|date=16 June 2020}}</ref>

===Private sector reactions===
====Event cancellations====
The pandemic forced many events to be cancelled. Notwithstanding the closure of wedding halls, weddings took place in private homes with the limitation of no more than 10 participants in each room; dancing could take place both indoors and in outdoor courtyards. Weddings were also held on rooftops and [[yeshiva]] courtyards. In one case, a [[Sephardi Jews|Sephardi]] couple opted to hold their wedding ceremony in an Osher Ad supermarket, which was exempt from the 10-person rule.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/corona-restrictions-force-israeli-couples-to-hold-creative--and-clandestine--weddings/2020/03/18/3c5a8916-6857-11ea-b199-3a9799c54512_story.html|title=Coronavirus restrictions force Israeli couples to hold creative — and clandestine — weddings|first=Ruth|last=Eglash|date=March 18, 2020|access-date=March 19, 2020|work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Some weddings were also streamed online through platforms like Zoom.

====Retail====
On 16 March, the [[Bank of Israel]] ordered retail banks to close, but allowed special services to remain open for elderly people.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tress |first1=Luke |title=Bank of Israel orders most retail banks closed, special services for elderly |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/bank-of-israel-orders-most-retail-banks-closed-special-services-for-elderly/ |work=Times of Israel |date=16 March 2020}}</ref>

[[File:Mahane Yehuda Market closed in coronavirus outbreak.jpg|right|thumb|Entrance to the closed [[Mahane Yehuda Market]] is only allowed for shopping in the supermarkets and pharmacy (24 March).]]
On 22 March, both the open-air [[Carmel Market]] in [[Tel Aviv]] and the open-air [[Mahane Yehuda Market]] in Jerusalem were closed by police.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mako.co.il/news-israel/2020_q1/Article-743beaedb510171026.htm|title=תיעוד: שוטרים עוברים בשוק הכרמל וסוגרים את הדוכנים|trans-title=Documentation: Police officers pass through the Carmel Market and close the stands|date=22 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Keshet Media Group|Mako]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kolhair.co.il/jerusalem-news/126083/|title=כעת, שוטרים החלו בסגירת שוק מחנה יהודה|language=he|trans-title=Now, police have begun closing the Mahane Yehuda Market|first=Shlomi|last=Heller|date=22 March 2020|access-date=24 March 2020|work=[[Kol Ha'ir]]}}</ref>

[[File:Empty egg shelf in Jerusalem, April 2020.jpg|thumb|upright|An empty eggs shelf in a supermarket in Jerusalem. The sign says: "Dear clients, Because of the situation and the shortage, buying eggs is limited to 2 boxes of 12/18 units or one box of 30 units. Thank you for understanding"]]
Many supermarkets experienced a shortage of eggs caused by panic buying and fear of shutdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/agriculture-minister-orders-egg-imports-as-panicked-buyers-spark-shortage/|title=Agriculture minister orders egg imports as panicked buyers spark shortage|last=staff|first=T. O. I.|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-08}}</ref>

====Religious restrictions====
{{Main|Impact of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic on religion#Judaism}}
The Health Ministry's rules on indoor gatherings, which were reduced from 100 to 10, still take into account the minimum number of members needed for a [[minyan]] (public prayer quorum). With stricter restrictions placed on citizens on 25 March (see below), the two [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel|Chief Rabbis of Israel]] called for all [[synagogue]]s to be closed and prayer services to be held outdoors in groups of 10, with {{cvt|2|m}} between each worshipper.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/synagogues-to-close-under-new-coronavirus-regulations-1.8708347|title=Chief Rabbis Order Synagogues Closed Following Israel's New Coronavirus Regulations|first1=Aaron|last1=Rabinowitz|first2=Noa|last2=Landau|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|work=Haaretz}}</ref> Many synagogues in [[Jerusalem]] were locked and prayer services held outdoors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/prominent-rabbi-media-trying-to-slur-haredim-in-coronavirus-reports/|title=Prominent rabbi: Media trying to 'slur' Haredim in coronavirus reports|first=Nathan|last=Jeffay|date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Due to the uptick in coronavirus diagnoses in [[Bnei Brak]] and after initially ordering his followers to ignore Health Ministry restrictions,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-bid-to-convince-rabbi-to-close-yeshivas-as-his-sect-defies-virus-rules/|title=Police bid to convince rabbi to close yeshivas as his sect defies virus rules|last=Magid|first=Jacob|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> leading [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] [[posek]] [[Chaim Kanievsky]] eventually issued an unprecedented statement on 29 March instructing Bnei Brak residents not to pray with a minyan at all, but rather individually at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bhol.co.il/news/1090634|title=הגר"ח קנייבסקי בהוראה דרמטית: אסור להתפלל במניין בבני ברק|language=he|trans-title=HaGaon Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky in Dramatic Notice: It is forbidden to pray in a minyan in Bnei Brak|first=Moshe|last=Weisberg|date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=BeChadrei Hareidim}}</ref> Despite this, Kanievsky was accused of secretly arranging public prayers at his house.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.walla.co.il/item/3350025|title=בניגוד להנחיות: לפחות עשרה מתפללים בביתו של המנהיג החרדי הבכיר|language=he|trans-title=Contrary to instructions: At least ten worshippers at top Haredi leader's house|first=Yaki|last=Adamker|date=1 April 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=Walla}}</ref> According to Israeli Ministry of Health statistics, 24% of all coronavirus infections in Israel with known infection points (35% of all known cases) were contracted in synagogues, 15% in hotels, and 12% in restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/synagogues-top-coronavirus-hotspot-list-epidemiological-report-finds/|title=Synagogues top coronavirus hotspot list, epidemiological report finds|first=Stuart|last=Winer|date=24 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>

After back-and-forth discussions with representatives of the [[chevra kadisha]] (Jewish religious burial society), the Health Ministry allowed burial society members to proceed with many traditional aspects of burial for coronavirus victims. Burial workers will be garbed in full [[Personal protective equipment|protective gear]] to perform the ''[[Bereavement in Judaism#Preparing the body — Taharah|taharah]]'' (ritual purification) of the body, which will then be wrapped in the customary ''tachrichim'' (linen shrouds) followed by a layer of plastic. The funeral service must be held completely outdoors. Funeral attendees do not need to wear protective gear.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/burial-society-gears-up-for-covid-19-funerals-as-health-officials-lay-out-rules/|title=Burial society gears up for COVID-19 funerals, as health officials lay out rules|first=Marissa|last=Newman|date=March 22, 2020|access-date=March 22, 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


Netanyahu's pandemic politics brought his party the Likud to reach peak public support (41-43 seats during the first wave of April–May 2020), pushing Gantz to ask Israel's President to transfer the mandate to Netanyahu so that the latter could form, and head, a new government. Overall, Abulof and Le Penne argue, Israel features key factors that could have helped it weather well the COVID-19 crisis: a young population, close or otherwise heavily monitored borders, warm climate, an efficient public health system, hard-earned public resilience, willingness for mass mobilization, high-tech capacities (to help gather and spread information), and meager reliance on tourism.<ref name=":2" />
On 26 March, the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] was closed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rasgon |first=Adam |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-church-of-holy-sepulchre-closes-as-israel-ups-anti-virus-measures/ |title=Jerusalem's Church of Holy Sepulchre closes as Israel ups anti-virus measures |publisher=The Times of Israel |date=2020-03-26 |access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref>


==== Mobile phone tracking ====
On 1 April, the [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel|Chief Rabbis of Israel]] published guidelines for observance of [[Passover]] laws during the outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://t.me/MOHreport/3602|title=קורונה - משרד הבריאות|website=Telegram}}</ref> The guidelines included praying at home and not in a minyan, selling [[chametz]] online, and getting rid of chametz at home in ways other than burning, so as not to go out into the streets for the traditional burning of the chametz.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Be'eri|first=Uriel|date=31 March 2020|title=הרבנות הראשית בהנחיות לחג הפסח בצל קורונה|trans-title=The Main Rabbinate [releases] Passover guidelines in the time of Corona|url=https://www.srugim.co.il/435459-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97-%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402144507/https://www.srugim.co.il/435459-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97-%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8|archive-date=2 April 2020|access-date=5 July 2020|website=סרוגים / Srugim}}</ref>
On 15 March, the Israeli government proposed allowing the [[Shin Bet|Israel Security Agency]] (ISA) to track the prior movements of people diagnosed with coronavirus through their mobile phones.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Marciano|first=Avi|title=Israel's mass surveillance during COVID-19: A missed opportunity|url=https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/surveillance-and-society/article/view/14543|journal=Surveillance & Society|year=2021|volume=19|pages=85–88|doi=10.24908/ss.v19i1.14543|s2cid=233824613|doi-access=free}}</ref> The security service would not require a [[court order]] for its surveillance. The stated goal of the measure was to identify people with whom infected individuals came into contact in the two weeks prior to their diagnosis, and to dispatch text messages informing those people that they must enter the 14-day self-quarantine. The security measure was to be in place for only 30 days after approval by a [[Knesset]] subcommittee, and all records were to be deleted after that point. Critics branded the proposal an [[Right to privacy|invasion of privacy]] and [[civil liberties]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/government-okays-mass-surveillance-of-israelis-phones-to-curb-coronavirus/|title=Government okays mass surveillance of Israelis' phones to curb coronavirus|first=Judah Ari|last=Gross|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-cases-in-israel-spike-to-164-nearly-2-500-medical-officials-quarantined-1.8671075|title=Live Updates Israel Approves Cellphone Tracking for Coronavirus Patients as Cases Rise to 213|date=15 March 2020|access-date=15 March 2020|work=[[Haaretz]]}}</ref>


On 17 March, at 1:30 AM, a Knesset committee approved the contact-tracing program,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-committee-chair-slams-cabinets-phone-tracking-decision-as-power-grab/|title=Knesset committee chair slams cabinet's phone tracking decision as 'power grab'|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> making Israel the only country in the world to use its internal security agency (Shin Bet) to track citizens' geolocations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Cahane|first=Amir|date=2021-10-02|title=The (Missed) Israeli Snowden Moment?|journal=International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence|volume=34|issue=4|pages=694–717|doi=10.1080/08850607.2020.1838902|s2cid=234178779|issn=0885-0607|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> Within the first two days, the [[Ministry of Health (Israel)|Ministry of Health]] text-messaged 400 individuals who had been in proximity to an infected person, and told them to enter a 14-day self-quarantine. On 19 March, the [[Supreme Court of Israel]] heard petitions to halt the contact-tracing program, submitted by the [[Association for Civil Rights in Israel]], and [[Adalah (legal center)|Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights]], and issued an interim order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/sites/default/files/upload/opinions/Ben%20Meir%20v.%20Prime%20Minister.pdf|title=HCJ 2109/20 ''Association for Civil Rights v. Prime Minister'' (19 March 2020)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/viewpoints/coronavirus-interim-order-update|title=Coronavirus Interim Order Update &#124; Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project|website=versa.cardozo.yu.edu}}</ref> The same day, several hundred protesters converged on the Knesset to protest the phone surveillance and other restrictions on citizens' movements, as well as the shutdown of the judicial and legislative branches of the government. Police arrested three protesters for violating the ban on gatherings over 10 people, and also blocked dozens of cars from entering Jerusalem and approaching the Knesset building.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/protesters-accuse-netanyahu-of-exploiting-pandemic-for-power-grab_n_5e73ae1dc5b6eab779442d65|title=Protesters Accuse Netanyahu Of Exploiting Pandemic For Power Grab|first=Aron|last=Heller|agency=Associated Press|publisher=[[HuffPost]]|date=March 19, 2020|access-date=March 19, 2020}}</ref> On 26 March, the ISA said contact tracing had led to over 500 Israelis being notified who were then diagnosed with coronavirus.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SyR8DwqUU |title = Shin Bet: Over 500 Israelis diagnosed with coronavirus thanks to agency's efforts|newspaper = Ynetnews|date = 26 March 2020}}</ref> On April 26, 2020, the Supreme Court issued its judgment on the contact-tracing petitions. In granting the petitions, the Court held that the Government's decision passed constitutional review under the exigent circumstances at the time it was made, but that further recourse to the Israel Security Agency for the purpose of contact tracing would require primary legislation in the form of a temporary order that would meet the requirements of the Limitations Clause of Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty. The Court further held that due to the fundamental importance of freedom of the press, ISA contact tracing of journalists who tested positive for the virus would require consent, and in the absence of consent, a journalist would undergo an individual epidemiological investigation, and would be asked to inform any sources with whom he was in contact over the 14 days prior to his diagnosis.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://versa.cardozo.yu.edu/opinions/ben-meir-v-prime-minister-0|title=Ben Meir v. Prime Minister &#124; Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project|website=versa.cardozo.yu.edu}}</ref> Cellphone-based location tracking proved to be insufficiently accurate, as scores of Israeli citizens were falsely identified as carriers of COVID-19 and subsequently ordered to self-quarantine.<ref>{{Cite news|title=400,000 Israelis Were Wrongly Quarantined by Shin Bet Tracking, Top Court Says|language=en|work=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-400-000-israelis-were-wrongly-quarantined-by-shin-bet-tracking-top-court-says-1.9459603|access-date=2021-12-19}}</ref> In an attempt to contain the spread of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron Variant]], Israel reinstated the use of Shin Bet counterterrorism surveillance measures for a limited period of time.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cahane|first=Amir|date=December 16, 2021|title=The Collapsed Bridge Loan: Israel's Shin Bet Location Tracking of Omicron Carriers|url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/collapsed-bridge-loan-israels-shin-bet-location-tracking-omicron-carriers|url-status=live|website=Lawfare|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240113133929/https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/collapsed-bridge-loan-israels-shin-bet-location-tracking-omicron-carriers |archive-date=13 January 2024 }}</ref>
[[Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb]] is a [[Druze]] festival called [[Ziyara]] celebrated between 25 and 28 April which is officially recognized in [[Israel]] as a public holiday.<ref>[http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/historical_sites.htm Druze Revered Sites in Palestine: Jethro's Tomb]</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kais Firro|title=The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History|date=1999|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004112510|page=95}}</ref> [[Mowafaq Tarif]] the current spiritual leader of the [[Druze community in Israel]], announced that the traditional festivities of the [[Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb]] were canceled for the first time in the history of the [[Druze]] community.<ref>[https://dayan.org/content/arab-society-israel-and-coronavirus-crisis Arab Society in Israel and the Coronavirus Crisis]</ref>


====Appreciation====
==== Public transportation ====
[[File:Beersheba stabling yard a 01.jpg|thumb|The [[Israel Railways]] stabling yard in [[Beersheba]] is full due to the coronavirus shutdown]]
On 18 March at 6 pm, Israelis across the country applauded from their balconies for two minutes in appreciation of medical workers and first responders battling coronavirus.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2020/03/19/israelis-across-country-applaud-from-their-balconies-in-appreciation-of-medical-workers-battling-coronavirus/ |title = Israelis Across Country Applaud from Their Balconies in Appreciation of Medical Workers Battling Coronavirus}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.israel21c.org/israelis-applaud-healthcare-workers-in-two-minute-clap/ |title = Israelis applaud healthcare workers in two-minute clap|date = 22 March 2020}}</ref>
As of 19 March, public [[Transport in Israel|transportation]] ridership was down 38.5 percent compared to before the virus outbreak. Public bus operations were strictly curtailed by the government, which placed an 8 p.m. curfew on bus operations nightly, and halted all public transportation between Thursday night at 8 p.m. and Sunday morning, going beyond the usual hiatus on [[Transport in Israel#Public transportation|public transportation in Israel]] during [[Shabbat]] (from Friday evening to Saturday evening).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-public-transit-usage-down-385-percent-compared-to-before-coronavirus-621679|title=Israel public transit usage down 38.5% compared to before coronavirus|date=March 20, 2020|access-date=March 20, 2020|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> As of 22 March Israel's [[Ministry of Transport and Road Safety]] and its National Public Transportation Authority instituted a notification system allowing passengers using public transportation to inquire whether they had shared a ride with a person sick with COVID-19. The travel histories will be stored through the use of the country's electronic bus card passes, known as [[Rav-Kav]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3802936,00.html|title=Israel's Bus Pass Card to Notify Users if They Shared a Ride With a Covid-19 Patient|last=Pick|first=Lior Gutman and Adi|date=2020-03-22|website=CTECH - www.calcalistech.com|access-date=2020-03-23}}</ref> At the peak of the first wave, on 20 April 2020, public transportation ridership was down 80% compared to before the outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|title=Israel public transit usage during first wave was down 80% compared to before coronavirus |url=https://moovitapp.com/insights/en/Moovit_Insights_Public_Transit_Index-countries|access-date=December 2, 2020}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License].</ref>


===National state of emergency===
==== State of emergency ====
[[File:Mivtsa Kadesh Garden, Raanana, March 2020 09.jpg|thumb|upright|City park marked and closed due to COVID-19 outbreak]]
[[File:Mivtsa Kadesh Garden, Raanana, March 2020 09.jpg|thumb|upright|City park marked and closed due to COVID-19 outbreak]]
On 19 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu declared a national state of emergency. He said that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services would remain open.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Netanyahu: Israelis face fines for breaking state of emergency orders|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/529-Israelis-have-been-diagnosed-with-coronavirus-Health-Ministry-621536|date=19 March 2020}}</ref> News reports showed hundreds of Israelis ignoring the new ban on [[Shabbat]], 21 March, and visiting beaches, parks, and nature spots in large numbers, prompting the Ministry of Health to threaten imposing tighter restrictions on the public.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/Hy3UFimL8|title=Health officials threaten 'stricter virus measures' if orders are ignored|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|work=Ynetnews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-warns-of-tougher-action-as-many-venture-outside-in-warm-weather/|title=Health Ministry warns of tougher action as many venture outside in warm weather|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
On 19 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu declared a national [[state of emergency]]. He said that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services would remain open.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Netanyahu: Israelis face fines for breaking state of emergency orders|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/529-Israelis-have-been-diagnosed-with-coronavirus-Health-Ministry-621536|date=19 March 2020}}</ref> News reports showed hundreds of Israelis ignoring the new ban on Shabbat, 21 March, and visiting beaches, parks, and nature spots in large numbers, prompting the Ministry of Health to threaten imposing tighter restrictions on the public.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/Hy3UFimL8|title=Health officials threaten 'stricter virus measures' if orders are ignored|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|work=Ynetnews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-warns-of-tougher-action-as-many-venture-outside-in-warm-weather/|title=Health Ministry warns of tougher action as many venture outside in warm weather|date=21 March 2020|access-date=21 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


[[File:IDF Corona Laboratory. XV.jpg|thumb|[[Chief of the General Staff (Israel)|Chief of the General Staff]], [[Aviv Kochavi]] (center) examines the military laboratory for the diagnosis of coronavirus patients at [[Tzrifin|Tzrifin base]], together with Chief of [[Technological and Logistics Directorate]], [[Yitzhak Turgeman]] (left), [[Medical Corps (Israel)|Chief Medical Officer]], [[Tarif Bader]] (right), and members of the [[Military Rabbinate]]]]
[[File:IDF Corona Laboratory. XV.jpg|thumb|[[Chief of the General Staff (Israel)|Chief of the General Staff]], [[Aviv Kochavi]] (center) examines the military laboratory for the diagnosis of coronavirus patients at [[Tzrifin]] base]]
On 25 March, the government imposed stricter restrictions on citizens' movements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/25032020_01|title=The Government Approved Emergency Regulations to Restrict Activities in Order to Curb the Spread of Coronavirus in Israel|agency = Ministry of Health|date=25 March 2020}}</ref> These include:
On 25 March, the government imposed stricter restrictions on citizens' movements.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/25032020_01|title=The Government Approved Emergency Regulations to Restrict Activities in Order to Curb the Spread of Coronavirus in Israel|agency = Ministry of Health|date=25 March 2020}}</ref> These include:
* People must not venture more than {{cvt|100|m}} from their homes. Exceptions include:
* People must not venture more than {{cvt|100|m}} from their homes. Exceptions include:
Line 165: Line 89:
** Departure of an individual or persons living in the same place for a short time and up to 100&nbsp;meters from the place of residence
** Departure of an individual or persons living in the same place for a short time and up to 100&nbsp;meters from the place of residence
** Providing medical assistance to another person or assisting a person with difficulty or distress
** Providing medical assistance to another person or assisting a person with difficulty or distress
** Prayer in an open place, funerals, weddings, and ''[[brit milah]]'', as well as a woman's visit to the [[mikvah]], provided that they pre-arranged the time of their arrival
** Prayer in an open place, funerals, weddings, and ''[[brit milah]]'', as well as a woman's visit to the [[Mikveh|mikvah]], provided that they pre-arranged the time of their arrival
** Transfer of a minor to educational settings for the children of essential workers and special frameworks (in accordance with the Public Health Order).
** Transfer of a minor to educational settings for the children of essential workers and special frameworks (in accordance with the Public Health Order).
** Transfer of a minor, whose parents live separately, by one of his parents, to the other parent's home.
** Transfer of a minor, whose parents live separately, by one of his parents, to the other parent's home.
Line 173: Line 97:
* Violators will be subject to a 5,000 shekels fine, or up to six months' imprisonment.
* Violators will be subject to a 5,000 shekels fine, or up to six months' imprisonment.


Beginning on April 1 the government proposed to intensify precautionary restrictions on its citizens, requiring them to: refrain from all public gatherings, including prayer quorums of 10 men; limiting outings to two people from the same household; and calling upon them to always wear face masks in public.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-israeli-health-minister-netanyahu-mossad-chief-quarantine-1.8720108|title=Israeli Government Debates Curfew on ultra-Orthodox Coronavirus Hot Spot|date=2020-04-02|work=Haaretz|access-date=2020-04-02|language=en}}</ref>
Beginning on April 1 the government proposed to intensify precautionary restrictions on its citizens, requiring them to: refrain from all public gatherings, including prayer quorums of 10 men; limiting outings to two people from the same household; and calling upon them to always wear face masks in public.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-israeli-health-minister-netanyahu-mossad-chief-quarantine-1.8720108|title=Israeli Government Debates Curfew on ultra-Orthodox Coronavirus Hot Spot|date=2020-04-02|work=Haaretz|access-date=2020-04-02|language=en}}</ref> Beginning on April 12, the government required all Israelis to cover their nose and mouth when leaving their homes. Exceptions include "children under age 6; people with emotional, mental or medical conditions that would prevent them from wearing a mask; drivers in their cars; people alone in a building; and two workers who work regularly together, provided they maintain social distancing". The new law was passed on the same day that the [[World Health Organization]] questioned the efficacy of face masks for protecting healthy individuals from catching the virus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-will-be-required-to-wear-face-masks-outdoors-under-new-order/|title=Israelis will be required to wear face masks outdoors under new order|date=7 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


==== Restrictions on religious gatherings ====
Beginning on April 12, the government required all Israelis to cover their nose and mouth when leaving their homes. Exceptions include "children under age 6; people with emotional, mental or medical conditions that would prevent them from wearing a mask; drivers in their cars; people alone in a building; and two workers who work regularly together, provided they maintain social distancing". The new law was passed on the same day that the [[World Health Organization]] questioned the efficacy of face masks for protecting healthy individuals from catching the virus.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-will-be-required-to-wear-face-masks-outdoors-under-new-order/|title=Israelis will be required to wear face masks outdoors under new order|date=7 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
{{see also|Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion#Judaism}}
According to Israeli Ministry of Health statistics, as of March 24, 24% of all coronavirus infections in Israel with known infection points (35% of all known cases) were contracted in synagogues, 15% in hotels, and 12% in restaurants.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/synagogues-top-coronavirus-hotspot-list-epidemiological-report-finds/|title=Synagogues top coronavirus hotspot list, epidemiological report finds|first=Stuart|last=Winer|date=24 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> The Health Ministry's rules on indoor gatherings, which were reduced from 100 to 10, still took into account the minimum number of members needed for a [[minyan]] (public prayer quorum). With stricter restrictions placed on citizens on 25 March (see below), the two [[Chief Rabbinate of Israel|Chief Rabbis of Israel]] called for all [[synagogue]]s to be closed and prayer services to be held outdoors in groups of 10, with {{cvt|2|m}} between each worshipper.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/synagogues-to-close-under-new-coronavirus-regulations-1.8708347|title=Chief Rabbis Order Synagogues Closed Following Israel's New Coronavirus Regulations|first1=Aaron|last1=Rabinowitz|first2=Noa|last2=Landau|date=25 March 2020|access-date=25 March 2020|work=Haaretz}}</ref> Many synagogues in [[Jerusalem]] were locked and prayer services held outdoors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/prominent-rabbi-media-trying-to-slur-haredim-in-coronavirus-reports/|title=Prominent rabbi: Media trying to 'slur' Haredim in coronavirus reports|first=Nathan|last=Jeffay|date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Due to the uptick in coronavirus diagnoses in [[Bnei Brak]] and after initially ordering his followers to ignore Health Ministry restrictions,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/police-bid-to-convince-rabbi-to-close-yeshivas-as-his-sect-defies-virus-rules/|title=Police bid to convince rabbi to close yeshivas as his sect defies virus rules|last=Magid|first=Jacob|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-07}}</ref> leading [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] [[posek]] [[Chaim Kanievsky]] eventually issued an unprecedented statement on 29 March instructing Bnei Brak residents not to pray with a minyan at all, but rather individually at home.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bhol.co.il/news/1090634|title=הגר"ח קנייבסקי בהוראה דרמטית: אסור להתפלל במניין בבני ברק|language=he|trans-title=HaGaon Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky in Dramatic Notice: It is forbidden to pray in a minyan in Bnei Brak|first=Moshe|last=Weisberg|date=29 March 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=BeChadrei Hareidim}}</ref> Despite this, Kanievsky was accused of secretly arranging public prayers at his house.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.walla.co.il/item/3350025|title=בניגוד להנחיות: לפחות עשרה מתפללים בביתו של המנהיג החרדי הבכיר|language=he|trans-title=Contrary to instructions: At least ten worshippers at top Haredi leader's house|first=Yaki|last=Adamker|date=1 April 2020|access-date=29 March 2020|work=Walla}}</ref> On 1 April, the Chief Rabbis of Israel published guidelines for observance of Passover laws during the outbreak.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://t.me/MOHreport/3602|title=קורונה - משרד הבריאות|website=Telegram}}</ref> The guidelines included praying at home and not in a minyan, selling [[chametz]] online, and getting rid of chametz at home in ways other than burning, so as not to go out into the streets for the traditional burning of the chametz.<ref>{{cite web|last=Be'eri|first=Uriel|date=31 March 2020|title=הרבנות הראשית בהנחיות לחג הפסח בצל קורונה|trans-title=The Main Rabbinate [releases] Passover guidelines in the time of Corona|url=https://www.srugim.co.il/435459-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97-%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402144507/https://www.srugim.co.il/435459-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%AA-%D7%91%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA-%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%92-%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A1%D7%97-%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%9C-%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8|archive-date=2 April 2020|access-date=5 July 2020|website=סרוגים / Srugim}}</ref>


After back-and-forth discussions with representatives of the [[chevra kadisha]] (Jewish religious burial society), the Health Ministry allowed burial society members to proceed with many traditional aspects of burial for coronavirus victims. Burial workers will be garbed in full [[Personal protective equipment|protective gear]] to perform the ''[[Bereavement in Judaism#Preparing the body — Taharah|taharah]]'' (ritual purification) of the body, which will then be wrapped in the customary ''tachrichim'' (linen shrouds) followed by a layer of plastic. The funeral service must be held completely outdoors. Funeral attendees do not need to wear protective gear.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/burial-society-gears-up-for-covid-19-funerals-as-health-officials-lay-out-rules/|title=Burial society gears up for COVID-19 funerals, as health officials lay out rules|first=Marissa|last=Newman|date=March 22, 2020|access-date=March 22, 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
===Closures of cities and neighborhoods===
====Closure of Bnei Brak====
On 2 April, the cabinet voted by conference call to declare [[Bnei Brak]] a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit to "residents, police, rescue services, those bringing essential supplies and journalists", for an initial period of one week. With a population of 200,000, Bnei Brak had the second-highest number of coronavirus cases of all Israeli cities in total numbers, and the highest rate per capita.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/cabinet-declares-bnei-brak-restricted-zone-readies-to-do-same-for-other-towns/|title=Cabinet declares Bnei Brak 'restricted zone,' readies to do same for other towns|first=Jacob|last=Magid|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 10 April the closure was relaxed to allow residents to leave the city to go to work, attend a funeral of an immediate relative, or for essential medical needs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-bnei-brak-lockdown-extended-virus-cases-in-israel-up-3-percent-and-101-people-have-1.8759530|title=Bnei Brak Lockdown Extended; Virus Cases in Israel Up 3 Percent and 101 People Have Died|first=Bar|last=Peleg|date=12 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=Haaretz}}</ref>


On 26 March, the [[Church of the Holy Sepulchre]] was closed.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rasgon |first=Adam |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalems-church-of-holy-sepulchre-closes-as-israel-ups-anti-virus-measures/ |title=Jerusalem's Church of Holy Sepulchre closes as Israel ups anti-virus measures |publisher=The Times of Israel |date=2020-03-26 |access-date=2020-04-06}}</ref> [[Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb]] is a [[Druze]] festival called [[Ziyara]] celebrated between 25 and 28 April which is officially recognized in [[Israel]] as a public holiday.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/historical_sites.htm |title=Druze Revered Sites in Palestine: Jethro's Tomb |access-date=3 September 2020 |archive-date=10 May 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510125625/http://www.druzehistoryandculture.com/historical_sites.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Kais Firro|title=The Druzes in the Jewish State: A Brief History|date=1999|publisher=BRILL|isbn=9004112510|page=95}}</ref> [[Mowafaq Tarif]] the current spiritual leader of the [[Druze community in Israel]], announced that the traditional festivities of the Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb were canceled for the first time in the history of the Druze community.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dayan.org/content/arab-society-israel-and-coronavirus-crisis|title=Arab Society in Israel and the Coronavirus Crisis|website=Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies|date=8 July 2020 }}</ref>
====Nationwide Passover Seder lockdown====
Lawmakers enforced a 3-day nationwide lockdown in conjunction with the [[Passover Seder]], which took place in Israel on Wednesday night, April 8. All travel between cities was prohibited from Tuesday evening until Friday evening. From Wednesday at 3 p.m. until Thursday at 7 a.m., all Israelis were prohibited from venturing more than {{cvt|100|m}} from their home. The goal of these measures was to prevent the traditional family gatherings associated with the Passover Seder. The lockdown did not apply to Arab towns, where Passover is not observed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/passover-closure-comes-into-effect-with-all-intercity-travel-banned/|title=Passover closure comes into effect, with all intercity travel banned|date=7 April 2020|access-date=7 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


====Closures of cities and neighborhoods====
Despite the lockdown, several prominent politicians, including Prime Minister Netanyahu, President of Israel [[Reuven Rivlin]], [[Yisrael Beiteinu]] party leader [[Avigdor Lieberman]], [[Ministry of Aliyah and Integration|Minister of Immigration and Absorption]] [[Yoav Galant]], and [[Likud]] MK [[Nir Barkat]] were noted by the Israeli press to have celebrated the Seder or other parts of the festival with relatives who did not live with them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/rivlin-celebrated-passover-with-daughter-against-coronavirus-laws-report-624269|title=Rivlin celebrated Passover with daughter against coronavirus laws|work=The Jerusalem Post |access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-like-netanyahu-and-rivlin-accused-of-flouting-ban-on-passover-guests/|title=Liberman, like Netanyahu and Rivlin, accused of flouting ban on Passover guests|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-mk-flouts-virus-restrictions-during-passover-apologizes/|title=Likud MK flouts virus restrictions during Passover, apologizes|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>
On 2 April, the cabinet voted by conference call to declare Bnei Brak a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit to "residents, police, rescue services, those bringing essential supplies and journalists", for an initial period of one week. With a population of 200,000, Bnei Brak had the second-highest number of coronavirus cases of all Israeli cities in total numbers, and the highest rate per capita.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/cabinet-declares-bnei-brak-restricted-zone-readies-to-do-same-for-other-towns/|title=Cabinet declares Bnei Brak 'restricted zone,' readies to do same for other towns|first=Jacob|last=Magid|date=2 April 2020|access-date=2 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 10 April the closure was relaxed to allow residents to leave the city to go to work, attend a funeral of an immediate relative, or for essential medical needs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-bnei-brak-lockdown-extended-virus-cases-in-israel-up-3-percent-and-101-people-have-1.8759530|title=Bnei Brak Lockdown Extended; Virus Cases in Israel Up 3 Percent and 101 People Have Died|first=Bar|last=Peleg|date=12 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=Haaretz}}</ref> On April 12, the government imposed a closure on Haredi neighborhoods of Jerusalem, citing Ministry of Health statistics that nearly 75% of that city's coronavirus infections could be traced to these neighborhoods. The closure impacted [[Mea Shearim]], [[Geula]], [[Bukharim Quarter]], [[Romema]], [[Mekor Baruch]], [[Sanhedria]], [[Neve Yaakov]], [[Ramat Shlomo]], and [[Har Nof]]. Residents of these neighborhoods were allowed to leave to other areas only to go to work, attend funerals of immediate relatives, and for essential medical needs. The closure was opposed by the [[Mayor of Jerusalem]], [[Moshe Lion]], who reportedly told the government cabinet members: "Take the [[Ramot, Jerusalem|Ramot]] neighborhood for example — 60,000 residents and 140 of them sick. Why do we need to close off the whole neighborhood?"<ref name=jeru>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-ultra-orthodox-neighborhoods-to-be-locked-down-starting-sunday/|title=Jerusalem ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods to be locked down starting Sunday|date=12 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


Lawmakers enforced a 3-day nationwide lockdown in conjunction with the [[Passover Seder]], which took place in Israel on Wednesday night, April 8. All travel between cities was prohibited from Tuesday evening until Friday evening. From Wednesday at 3 p.m. until Thursday at 7 a.m., all Israelis were prohibited from venturing more than {{cvt|100|m}} from their home. The goal of these measures was to prevent the traditional family gatherings associated with the Passover Seder. The lockdown did not apply to Arab towns, where Passover is not observed.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/passover-closure-comes-into-effect-with-all-intercity-travel-banned/|title=Passover closure comes into effect, with all intercity travel banned|date=7 April 2020|access-date=7 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> Despite the lockdown, several prominent politicians, including Prime Minister Netanyahu, President of Israel [[Reuven Rivlin]], [[Yisrael Beiteinu]] party leader [[Avigdor Lieberman]], [[Ministry of Aliyah and Integration|Minister of Immigration and Absorption]] [[Yoav Gallant]], and [[Likud]] MK [[Nir Barkat]] were noted by the Israeli press to have celebrated the Seder or other parts of the festival with relatives who did not live with them.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/rivlin-celebrated-passover-with-daughter-against-coronavirus-laws-report-624269|title=Rivlin celebrated Passover with daughter against coronavirus laws|work=The Jerusalem Post |date=11 April 2020 |access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liberman-like-netanyahu-and-rivlin-accused-of-flouting-ban-on-passover-guests/|title=Liberman, like Netanyahu and Rivlin, accused of flouting ban on Passover guests|work=The Times of Israel|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/likud-mk-flouts-virus-restrictions-during-passover-apologizes/|title=Likud MK flouts virus restrictions during Passover, apologizes|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> A partial nationwide lockdown was again imposed from 14 to 16 April, preventing Israelis from visiting family in other towns, and Jerusalem residents from leaving their own neighborhoods, in conjunction with the [[Shevi'i shel Pesach|seventh day of Passover]] and the [[Mimouna]] holiday the following evening at the end of Passover.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-announces-fresh-nationwide-lockdown-for-end-of-passover/|title=Netanyahu announces fresh nationwide lockdown for end of Passover|date=13 April 2020|access-date=15 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
====Closure of Haredi neighborhoods of Jerusalem====
On April 12, the government imposed a closure on [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]] neighborhoods of Jerusalem, citing Ministry of Health statistics that nearly 75% of that city's coronavirus infections could be traced to these neighborhoods. The closure impacted [[Mea Shearim]], [[Geula]], [[Bukharim Quarter]], [[Romema]], [[Mekor Baruch]], [[Sanhedria]], [[Neve Yaakov]], [[Ramat Shlomo]], and [[Har Nof]]. Residents of these neighborhoods were allowed to leave to other areas only to go to work, attend funerals of immediate relatives, and for essential medical needs. The closure was opposed by the [[Mayor of Jerusalem]], [[Moshe Lion]], who reportedly told the government cabinet members: "Take the [[Ramot, Jerusalem|Ramot]] neighborhood for example — 60,000 residents and 140 of them sick. Why do we need to close off the whole neighborhood?"<ref name=jeru>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-ultra-orthodox-neighborhoods-to-be-locked-down-starting-sunday/|title=Jerusalem ultra-Orthodox neighborhoods to be locked down starting Sunday|date=12 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


====Partial nationwide lockdown====
A partial nationwide lockdown was again imposed from 14 to 16 April, preventing Israelis from visiting family in other towns, and Jerusalem residents from leaving their own neighborhoods, in conjunction with the [[seventh day of Passover]] and the [[Mimouna]] holiday the following evening at the end of Passover.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-announces-fresh-nationwide-lockdown-for-end-of-passover/|title=Netanyahu announces fresh nationwide lockdown for end of Passover|date=13 April 2020|access-date=15 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>

====Ramadan closures====
Throughout the month of [[Ramadan]], which began on April 25, stores in towns with majority Muslim populations (including [[East Jerusalem]]) were to be closed from 6 pm until 3 am. Indoor prayer for all religions was banned, while outdoor prayer was allowed for groups up to 19 people, distanced at least {{cvt|2|m}} apart.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/muslims-begin-marking-a-subdued-ramadan-under-virus-closures//|title=Muslims begin marking a subdued Ramadan under virus closures|date=24 April 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
Throughout the month of [[Ramadan]], which began on April 25, stores in towns with majority Muslim populations (including [[East Jerusalem]]) were to be closed from 6 pm until 3 am. Indoor prayer for all religions was banned, while outdoor prayer was allowed for groups up to 19 people, distanced at least {{cvt|2|m}} apart.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/muslims-begin-marking-a-subdued-ramadan-under-virus-closures//|title=Muslims begin marking a subdued Ramadan under virus closures|date=24 April 2020|access-date=25 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


===Exit strategy===
====Exit strategy====
On 24 April 2020, the government approved the reopening of street stores and barbershops, effective 26 April 2020. Malls, gyms, and restaurants without delivery services remained closed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/Q5PRHXAJI|title=Israel approves reopening of all streets stores, barbershops|date=4 April 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref> On 7 May 2020, malls and outdoor markets reopened, with restrictions on the number of people allowed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/BkjylNW9U|title=Malls and markets reopen after Israel lifts coronavirus restrictions|date=7 May 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref> On 27 May 2020, restaurants reopened, with 1.6&nbsp;meter distancing between diners, and masked staff.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=27 May 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/cafes-restaurants-begin-to-reopen-with-coronavirus-restrictions-in-place/|title=Cafes, restaurants begin to reopen — with coronavirus restrictions in place}}</ref>
====Retail====
On 24 April 2020, the government approved the reopening of street stores and barbershops, effective 26 April 2020. Malls, gyms, and restaurants without delivery services remained closed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/Q5PRHXAJI|title=Israel approves reopening of all streets stores, barbershops|date=4 April 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref>


On 3 May 2020, schools reopened for first to third grade, and 11th to 12th grade.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/schools-to-open-gates-on-sunday-morning-some-cities-refuse-626653|title=Schools open gates Sunday morning, some cities refuse|date=3 May 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Classes were limited in size, and schoolchildren were required to wear masks. By 17 May 2020, limitations on class size were lifted.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/06/03/868507524/israel-orders-schools-to-close-when-covid-19-cases-are-discovered|title=After Reopening Schools, Israel Orders Them To Shut If COVID-19 Cases Are Discovered|date=3 June 2020|agency=NPR}}</ref> On 10 May 2020, preschools and kindergartens reopened, with limits on the number of children per class, and on a rotating half-week schedule. Nurseries were reopened with a full-week schedule, but allowing only 70% of the children to attend. Priority was given to children of single or working mothers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-israel-preschools/preschoolers-return-as-israel-further-eases-coronavirus-curbs-idUSKBN22M0EB|title=Preschoolers return as Israel further eases coronavirus curbs|date=10 May 2020|work=Reuters}}</ref> On 17 to 19 May 2020, schools reopened fully, with certain social distancing rules in place, including staggered recesses and maintaining 2&nbsp;meters distance between pupils during breaks. Children arriving at school were required to present a health statement signed by their parents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-prepares-to-fully-reopen-education-system-this-week/|title=Israel prepares to fully reopen education system this week|date=16 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref> A number of schools were shut down after reopening due to cases among staff members or students.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-shuts-some-schools-as-coronavirus-cases-jump-after-reopening-11591203323|agency=The Wall Street Journal|date=3 June 2020|title=Israel Shuts Some Schools as Coronavirus Cases Jump After Reopening}}</ref>
On 7 May 2020, malls and outdoor markets reopened, with restrictions on the number of people allowed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/BkjylNW9U|title=Malls and markets reopen after Israel lifts coronavirus restrictions|date=7 May 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref> On 27 May 2020, restaurants reopened, with 1.6 meter distancing between diners, and masked staff.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=27 May 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/cafes-restaurants-begin-to-reopen-with-coronavirus-restrictions-in-place/|title=Cafes, restaurants begin to reopen — with coronavirus restrictions in place}}</ref>


====Easing of lockdown====
On 4 May 2020, Prime Minister Netanyahu outlined a gradual easing of lockdown restrictions, approved by the government.<ref name="coronavirus-red-lines">{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/government-to-allow-malls-libraries-gyms-water-sports-starting-friday-626828|date=5 May 2020|title=Rolling out exit plan, Netanyahu unveils easing of lockdown restrictions|agency=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Immediate changes included allowing outdoor meetings of groups not exceeding 20, removal of the 100-meter limit on venturing from homes, and allowing meetings with family members, including elderly. Weddings with up to 50 attendees were also allowed. The easing of restrictions would halt should one of the following occur:<ref name="coronavirus-red-lines" />
On 4 May 2020, Prime Minister Netanyahu outlined a gradual easing of lockdown restrictions, approved by the government.<ref name="coronavirus-red-lines">{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/government-to-allow-malls-libraries-gyms-water-sports-starting-friday-626828|date=5 May 2020|title=Rolling out exit plan, Netanyahu unveils easing of lockdown restrictions|agency=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Immediate changes included allowing outdoor meetings of groups not exceeding 20, removal of the 100-meter limit on venturing from homes, and allowing meetings with family members, including elderly. Weddings with up to 50 attendees were also allowed. The easing of restrictions would halt should one of the following occur:<ref name="coronavirus-red-lines" />
* 100 new daily cases (excluding individuals arriving from abroad, outbreaks in retirement homes, and cases in other current outbreak hotspots)
* 100 new daily cases (excluding individuals arriving from abroad, outbreaks in retirement homes, and cases in other current outbreak hotspots).
* the doubling time of infections decreases to 10 days
* the doubling time of infections decreases to 10 days.
* the number of patients in serious condition reaches 250
* the number of patients in serious condition reaches 250.
Additional easing of restrictions was announced on 5 May 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/malls-libraries-gyms-and-zoos-the-businesses-that-can-reopen-under-new-rules/|title=No more 100-meter limit; malls, libraries to reopen: All the eased regulations|date=5 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 19 May 2020, the requirement to wear masks outdoors and in schools was lifted for the remainder of the week due to a severe heat wave.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/due-to-heat-wave-israel-temporarily-lifts-mask-requirement-in-schools-outdoors/|title=Due to heat wave, Israel temporarily lifts mask requirement in schools, outdoors|date=19 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref> On 20 May 2020, beaches and museums reopened, and restrictions on the number of passengers on buses were relaxed. Houses of prayer reopened to groups of up to 50 people. Attendees were required to wear masks and maintain a distance of two meters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-openings-beaches-restaurants-entertainment-halls-and-more-628552|title=Coronavirus openings: Beaches, synagogues, restaurants and more|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 May 2020}}</ref>


====Economic impact====
Additional easing of restrictions was announced on 5 May 2020.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/malls-libraries-gyms-and-zoos-the-businesses-that-can-reopen-under-new-rules/|title=No more 100-meter limit; malls, libraries to reopen: All the eased regulations|date=5 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
On 16 March, Israel imposed limitations on the public and private sectors. All non-critical government and local authority workers were placed on paid leave until the end of the Passover holiday. Private sector firms exceeding 10 employees were required to reduce staff present in the workplace by 70%.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/Intern-at-Ichilov-contracts-coronavirus-as-Israeli-cases-spike-to-250-621142|title=Coronavirus: Israel places severe limits on public, private sectors|date=16 March 2020}}</ref> On 30 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced an economic rescue package totaling 80 billion shekels ($22 billion), saying that was 6% of the country's GDP. The money will be allocated to health care (10 billion shekels); welfare and unemployment (30 billion shekels) aid for small and large businesses (32 billion shekels), and to financial stimulus (8 billion).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haaretz|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/coronavirus-israel-netanyahu-breaking-news-1.8720108|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Netanyahu Announces New Restrictions Barring Gatherings of Over Two|date=2020-03-30|work=Haaretz|access-date=2020-03-30|language=en}}</ref> By 1 April, the national unemployment rate had reached 24.4 percent. In the month of March alone, more than 844,000 individuals applied for unemployment benefits—90 percent of whom had been placed on unpaid leave due to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/Breaking-News/The-number-of-unemployed-in-Israel-tops-1-million-for-the-first-time-623151|title=Israeli unemployment exceeds one million: 24.4% of workforce|first=Eytan|last=Halon|date=1 April 2020|access-date=1 April 2020|work=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> During April 2020, [[Bituah Leumi]] deposited one-time payments to seniors, disabled people, people receiving income support or alimony payments, and families with children.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/About/news/Pages/500grant.aspx|title=Bituah Leumi 500 NIS grants|date=7 April 2020}}</ref> On 16 June 2020, the [[Knesset]] passed a stimulus bill to encourage businesses to bring workers back from unemployment.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-approves-stimulus-bill-to-pay-businesses-thousands-to-bring-back-workers/|title=Knesset passes stimulus bill to pay businesses thousands to bring back workers|date=16 June 2020}}</ref>


=== Second wave: May to November 2020 ===
On 19 May 2020, the requirement to wear masks outdoors and in schools was lifted for the remainder of the week due to a severe heat wave.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/due-to-heat-wave-israel-temporarily-lifts-mask-requirement-in-schools-outdoors/|title=Due to heat wave, Israel temporarily lifts mask requirement in schools, outdoors|date=19 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
==== Government response ====
On July 1, the Knesset reauthorized ISA mobile phone tracking of infected individuals by enacting the Law to Authorize the ISA to Assist in the National Effort to Contain the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (Temporary Provisions) 2020–5780.<ref>{{cite web|last=Cahane|first=Amir|date=July 3, 2020|title=Israel Reauthorizes Shin Bet's Coronavirus Location Tracking|url=https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/israel-reauthorizes-shin-bets-coronavirus-location-tracking|website=Lawfare}}</ref> As ISA location tracking resumed, by July 5, over 30,000 Israelis were ordered into quarantine.<ref>{{cite news|title=Over 30,000 Israelis ordered into quarantine as coronavirus digital tracking resumes|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-30-000-israelis-ordered-to-quarantine-as-digital-tracking-of-virus-patients-resumes-1.8970199|access-date=2020-07-05|website=Haaretz|language=en}}</ref> On 6 July 2020, following over two weeks of continued increase in the number of new daily cases, Netanyahu announced new social distancing guidelines, approved by the government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/06/world/coronavirus-updates.html|title=Israel tightens restrictions and is 'a step away from a full lockdown.'|work=The New York Times |date=5 July 2020|agency=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com|agency=The Times of Israel|date=5 July 2020|title=Government orders closure of event halls, culture venues, gyms and nightclubs}}</ref> These included:
* Restriction of social gatherings to 20 people.
* Limiting the number of synagogue worshippers to 19 people.
* Closure of gyms, night clubs, culture venues, and event halls.
* Limiting the number of people on public buses to 20.
* Limiting the number of restaurant guests to 20 indoors, or 30 for restaurants with outdoor seating.
On 17 July, additional restrictions were announced.<ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|title=Israeli gov't imposes new restrictions: Weekend lockdowns, closure of gyms, studios|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1594955861-israel-new-restrictions-impose-weekend-lockdown-close-gyms-studios|date=17 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=17 July 2020|title=Coronavirus crisis: What are the new restrictions?|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-1758-new-patients-in-a-day-almost-200-in-serious-condition-635269}}</ref> These included:
* Closure of all studios and gyms, except for those used by professional athletes.
* No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service and take-away allowed).
* Weekend lockdown of non-essential businesses from 5:00pm Friday until 5:00am Sunday (supermarkets and pharmacies not included).
* Closure of beaches during weekend lockdown, starting 24 July 2020.
* Gatherings limited to 20 people outdoors, and 10 people indoors.
Due to pressure from business owners, the government backtracked on the closure of restaurants, pools, and beaches.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SyvnA0fxv|title=Israel to keep restaurants, pools open but gyms to remain closed|date=20 July 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref> Weekend closures of malls and markets were also cancelled, following claims that the closures had not slowed infection rates.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-virus-death-toll-hits-600-as-ministers-approve-raft-of-restrictions/|title=Israel's virus death toll hits 600; outdoor cultural performances set to resume|agency=The Times of Israel|date=9 August 2020}}</ref>


On 31 August 2020, the coronavirus cabinet approved the 'traffic-light' plan introduced by Prof. [[Ronni Gamzu]], in which each city is assigned a color indicating its current level of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=31 August 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/coronavirus-cabinet-to-convene-sneak-peek-at-gamzus-traffic-light-plan-640464|title=Red light, green light, go! Gamzu's traffic light plan passes}}</ref> On 6 September 2020, the government approved closure of schools and a night-time curfew for forty 'red' communities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel gov't approves night-time curfew for 40 'red zone' communities|date=6 September 2020|agency=i24News|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1599416755-israel-gov-t-approves-night-time-curfew-for-40-red-zone-communities}}</ref> This plan replaced Gamzu's proposal of full closure in ten 'red' towns and went into effect 8 September. The communities affected by the curfews were among the poorest in Israel, with mainly Arab and ultra-Orthodox population.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=8 September 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/1-3-million-israelis-locked-down-as-curfew-goes-into-effect-in-virus-hotspots/|title=1.3 million Israelis locked down as curfew kicks off in 40 virus hotspots}}</ref> Residents under curfew were restricted to 500&nbsp;meters distance from their homes, from 7pm to 5am.
On 20 May 2020, beaches and museums reopened, and restrictions on the number of passengers on buses were relaxed. Houses of prayer reopened to groups of up to 50 people. Attendees were required to wear masks and maintain a distance of two meters.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-openings-beaches-restaurants-entertainment-halls-and-more-628552|title=Coronavirus openings: Beaches, synagogues, restaurants and more|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 May 2020}}</ref>


On 10 September 2020, Israel became the country with the highest rate of COVID-19 infections per capita. As confirmed infections continued to rise daily, Israeli officials warned that hospitals would eventually be unable to confront the crisis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rossman |first1=Hagai |last2=Meir |first2=Tomer |last3=Somer |first3=Jonathan |last4=Shilo |first4=Smadar |last5=Gutman |first5=Rom |last6=Ben Arie |first6=Asaf |last7=Segal |first7=Eran |last8=Shalit |first8=Uri |last9=Gorfine |first9=Malka |date=26 March 2021 |title=Hospital load and increased COVID-19 related mortality in Israel |journal=Nature Communications |volume= 12|issue= 1|page=1904 |doi=10.1038/s41467-021-22214-z |pmid=33771988 |pmc=7997985 |bibcode=2021NatCo..12.1904R }}</ref> On 13 September 2020, the government approved a 3-week country-wide lockdown, beginning Friday, 18 September at 2pm, and ending on 10 October. Restrictions include:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=13 September 2020|title=Israel's cabinet approves three-week lockdown|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-cabinet-approves-three-week-lockdown-1001342554}}</ref>
====Reopening schools====
* People will be limited to within 500&nbsp;meters of their homes, except for work and essential activities such as buying food and pharmacy goods.
On 3 May 2020, schools reopened for first to third grade, and 11th to 12th grade.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/schools-to-open-gates-on-sunday-morning-some-cities-refuse-626653|title=Schools open gates Sunday morning, some cities refuse|date=3 May 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post}}</ref> Classes were limited in size, and schoolchildren were required to wear masks. By 17 May 2020, limitations on class size were lifted.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/06/03/868507524/israel-orders-schools-to-close-when-covid-19-cases-are-discovered|title=After Reopening Schools, Israel Orders Them To Shut If COVID-19 Cases Are Discovered|date=3 June 2020|agency=NPR}}</ref>
* Closure of malls, stores (except food and pharmacies), hotels, restaurants, fitness clubs and swimming pools.
* Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors, or 20 people outdoors.
* Closure of schools except for special education and certain boarding schools (online schooling permitted for all schools).
* No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service allowed).
The 3-week lockdown took place during the [[High Holy Days|high holidays]], during which many Jews attend synagogue. The lockdown rules for prayer were as follows:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Maariv (in Hebrew)|date=14 September 2020|title=ישראל הולכת לסגר: מה אסור ומה מותר ומתי ההגבלות ייכנסו לתוקף|url=https://www.maariv.co.il/corona/corona-israel/Article-789510}}</ref>
* Outdoor prayer groups limited to 20 people.
* Indoor prayer groups limited to <math>N</math> groups of 10 people, with <math>N</math> depending on the number of entrances <math>E</math>, as follows:
<math>N=3E\,\,\,</math> for <math>E<=2</math>.
<br /><math>N=6+2\times(E-2)\,\,\,</math> for <math>E>2</math>.
<br />In either case, the total number of people 10<math>N</math> should not exceed <math>A/4</math>, where <math>A</math> is the area of the room in square meters.


On 23 September 2020, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced stricter lockdown rules after a new daily coronavirus record of 6,923 infections was reported in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/6e3441fcc0ee15484f4ac8fc3fa9c625|title=Israel's Netanyahu calls for tough lockdown as virus rages|access-date=23 September 2020|website=AP News|date=23 September 2020}}</ref> These included:<ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Ministers agree on full lockdown, more severe than Israel's first|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-said-to-agree-on-full-lockdown-more-severe-than-countrys-first/}}</ref>
On 10 May 2020, preschools and kindergartens reopened, with limits on the number of children per class, and on a rotating half-week schedule. Nurseries were reopened with a full-week schedule, but allowing only 70% of the children to attend. Priority was given to children of single or working mothers.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-israel-preschools/preschoolers-return-as-israel-further-eases-coronavirus-curbs-idUSKBN22M0EB|title=Preschoolers return as Israel further eases coronavirus curbs|date=10 May 2020|work=Reuters}}</ref>
* Closure of synagogues, excepted for limited prayers on [[Yom Kippur]].
* Participation in demonstrations only within 1&nbsp;km from home.
* Closure of Ben Gurion Airport to outgoing flights.
On 13 October the lockdown was extended for an additional week, until midnight 18 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 13 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/will-israel-exit-lockdown-coronavirus-cabinet-to-convene-tuesday-645539| title=Lockdown extended until Sunday at midnight - Gantz and Netanyahu agree}}</ref>


While restrictions were eased in most of the country, local lockdowns were imposed in the following towns due to high case numbers: [[Majdal Shams]] and [[Masade]] (starting on 6 November 2020), [[Buqata]] (starting on 7 November), [[Hazor Haglilit]] (starting on 8 November),<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=6 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-expected-to-approve-2-local-lockdowns-in-virus-hit-northern-areas/|title=Ministers expected to approve 2 local lockdowns in virus-hit northern areas}}</ref> [[Qalansawe]] and [[Iksal]] (starting on 17 November 2020),<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SkOFxwxcP|title=Arab towns Qalansawe and Iksal designated restricted coronavirus zones}}</ref> [[Nazareth]] and [[Isfiya]] (starting on 21 November).<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=20 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-approve-lockdowns-for-northern-towns-of-nazareth-and-isfiya/|title=Ministers approve lockdowns for northern towns of Nazareth and Isfiya}}</ref>
On 17 to 19 May 2020, schools reopened fully, with certain social distancing rules in place, including staggered recesses and maintaining 2 meters distance between pupils during breaks. Children arriving at school were required to present a health statement signed by their parents.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-prepares-to-fully-reopen-education-system-this-week/|title=Israel prepares to fully reopen education system this week|date=16 May 2020|agency=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


A number of steps were taken to provide financial assistance:
A number of schools were shut down after reopening due to cases among staff members or students.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/israel-shuts-some-schools-as-coronavirus-cases-jump-after-reopening-11591203323|agency=The Wall Street Journal|date=3 June 2020|title=Israel Shuts Some Schools as Coronavirus Cases Jump After Reopening}}</ref>
* A one-time payment for each citizen was given out in two instalments: the first for parents of children under the age of 18, and the second for individuals 18 or older.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btl.gov.il:80/Corona/Pages/MaanakEzrach.aspx|title=מענק לכל אזרח - הנחיות הביטוח הלאומי בעקבות הקורונה &#124; ביטוח לאומי|website=www.btl.gov.il}}</ref>
* Unemployment pay was extended through 30 June 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btl.gov.il:80/Corona/IdkunAvtala/Pages/IdkunAVTALA29-07-2020.aspx|title=עדכונים אחרונים בתנאי זכאות ותשלום דמי אבטלה - כל העדכונים בנושא אבטלה &#124; ביטוח לאומי|website=www.btl.gov.il}}</ref>
* An additional grant was provided for low-income workers over age 67 who were fired or forced to take a leave of absence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.btl.gov.il:80/benefits/Unemployment/covid19_avt/prisa/Pages/gil-prisa.aspx|title=מענק הסתגלות לבני 67 ומעלה עד יוני 2021 - דמי אבטלה או מענק הסתגלות לעובדים שהגיעו לגיל פרישה &#124; ביטוח לאומי|website=www.btl.gov.il}}</ref>
* Grants for businesses whose income suffered due to the pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.il/he/service/grant-for-corona-period-3|title=מענק סיוע לעסקים - השתתפות בהוצאות קבועות - פעימה שלישית &#124; רשות המסים בישראל}}</ref>
On 21 September 2020, the government unanimously approved a 10% pay cut for all Knesset members and government ministers.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=21 September 2020|title=Ministers to get 10% pay cut|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/ministers-asked-to-support-10-percent-pay-cut-deri-calls-for-twice-that-amount-643027}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=21 September 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/economy/article/rJn2Ur8Bw#autoplay|title=הממשלה אישרה הצעה לקיצוץ שכר הח"כים והשרים ב-10%}}</ref>


== Second wave ==
==== Protests ====
{{further|Protests against Benjamin Netanyahu}}
During July and August 2020, many protests were held, with protesters voicing frustration over the response of the Netanyahu-led government to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|agency=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200719-thousands-in-israel-protest-government-s-coronavirus-response|title=Thousands in Israel protest Netanyahu's coronavirus response|date=19 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=27 July 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/r1wPIx3eD|title=Coronavirus crisis sparks a young Israeli protest movement}}</ref> On 30 September, Israel's parliament passed a law limiting demonstrations which the opposition said was intended to curb protests against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu over alleged corruption and his mismanagement of the coronavirus crisis. The law prohibited Israelis from holding large gatherings more than {{convert|1|km|mi|spell=in|frac=8|abbr=off}} from their residences. The government defended the measure as a way to curb [[COVID-19]] infections.<ref>{{cite news |title= Israel passes law to limit protests during coronavirus lockdown |url= https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/30/israel-passes-law-to-limit-protests-during-coronaviruslockdown |work= Al Jazeera |date= September 30, 2020 |access-date= 1 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 October 2020 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20201010150905/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/30/israel-passes-law-to-limit-protests-during-coronaviruslockdown |url-status= dead }}</ref> On 3 October, numerous anti-Netanyahu protests were held throughout Israel after the passage of legislation limiting demonstrations during the lockdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-october-03-2020/|title=Tel Aviv protesters disperse after facing off with cops; over 20 arrested|work=The Times of Israel|date=2020-10-03|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref> The Black Flag movement estimated that 130,000 people took part in Saturday's protests against Netanyahu in cities and towns across Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-despite-restrictions-anti-netanyahu-protests-continue-at-thousands-of-locations-1.9205689|title=Clashes, Arrests as Hundreds of anti-Netanyahu Protests Held Across Israel Under Lockdown|work=Haaretz|date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref>


==== 2020–2021 school year ====
===Government response===
The Haredi school year started on 24 August 2020, before the 'traffic light' plan was approved.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=24 August 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/haredi-school-year-opens-amidst-coronavirus-concerns-639724|title=Haredi school year opens amidst coronavirus concerns}}</ref> All other schools in non-'red' cities opened on 1 September 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=COVID-19: Israeli schools open this morning - but not in red cities|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-czar-insists-schools-cannot-open-in-israels-red-cities-640598|date=1 September 2020}}</ref> Within a week, a number of schools and kindergartens reported outbreaks, leading to quarantine of exposed staff members and students.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 September 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-in-israel-outbreaks-reported-in-schools-in-multiple-cities-641196|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Outbreaks reported in schools in multiple cities}}</ref> Physical schools, kindergartens and nurseries closed at the beginning of the 3-week lockdown, on 13 September, with classes continuing online.<ref>{{cite news|agency= The Times of Israel|date=13 September 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-enter-3-week-lockdown-from-friday-schools-malls-hotels-to-be-closed/|title=Israel to enter 3-week lockdown from Friday; schools, malls, hotels to be closed}}</ref> Kindergartens and nurseries reopened on 18 October, including in 'red' cities.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 October 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/easing-restrictions-israel-begins-opening-up-from-second-lockdown/|title=Easing restrictions, Israel begins opening up from second lockdown}}</ref> Grades 1 to 4 reopened on 1 November, in non-'red' cities. Class size was limited to 18 children. Students were required to wear masks throughout the day and eat their meals outdoors or spaced far apart from one another.<ref name="1 Nov easing"/> Grades 5 and 6 returned to school on 24 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=23 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/education-minister-says-hell-push-to-open-all-grades-starting-next-week/|title=Education minister says he'll push to open all grades starting next week}}</ref> High school grades 11 and 12 returned on 29 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=29 November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1A7GTxoD|title=Israeli high schools reopen amid spike in virus infection}}</ref> Schools reopened for remaining grades 7–10 on 6 December.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=6 December 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-school-system-now-open-for-all-students-as-another-lockdown-looms/|title=Israel's school system now open for all students as another lockdown looms}}</ref> After the [[Hanukkah]] break, over 220,000 students from grades 5–12 in 'orange' and 'red' cities went back to online studies.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-222000-students-in-red-and-orange-cities-stay-at-home-652685|title=Coronavirus: 222,000 students in red and orange cities stay at home}}</ref>
On July 1, the [[Knesset]] reauthorized ISA mobile phone tracking of infected individuals by enacting the Law to Authorize the ISA to Assist in the National Effort to Contain the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (Temporary Provisions) 2020–5780.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cahane|first=Amir|date=July 3, 2020|title=Israel Reauthorizes Shin Bet's Coronavirus Location Tracking|url=https://www.lawfareblog.com/israel-reauthorizes-shin-bets-coronavirus-location-tracking|website=Lawfare}}</ref> As ISA location tracking resumed, by July 5, over 30,000 Israelis were ordered into quarantine.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Over 30,000 Israelis ordered into quarantine as coronavirus digital tracking resumes|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-30-000-israelis-ordered-to-quarantine-as-digital-tracking-of-virus-patients-resumes-1.8970199|access-date=2020-07-05|website=Haaretz.com|language=en}}</ref>


==== Exit strategy ====
On 6 July 2020, following over two weeks of continued increase in the number of new daily cases, Netanyahu announced new social distancing guidelines, approved by the government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/06/world/coronavirus-updates.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage#link-6f9f755d|title=Israel tightens restrictions and is 'a step away from a full lockdown.'|date=5 July 2020|agency=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com|agency=The Times of Israel|date=5 July 2020|title=Government orders closure of event halls, culture venues, gyms and nightclubs}}</ref> These included:
On 18 October 2020 Israel eased lockdown restrictions in non-'red' cities. The first stage of the exit strategy included:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynetnews|date=18 October 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/BkpbqLKwv|title=Israel steps out of coronavirus lockdown and rolls back restrictions}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=i24News|date=18 October 2020|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1602997124-israel-begins-rolling-back-coronavirus-lockdown-measures-as-kindergartens-temple-mount-reopen|title=Israel begins rolling back coronavirus lockdown measures as kindergartens reopen}}</ref>
* Restriction of social gatherings to 20 people
* Reopening of kindergartens and nurseries.
* Limiting the number of synagogue worshippers to 19 people
* Eateries open to take-out in addition to delivery.
* Closure of gyms, night clubs, culture venues, and event halls
* Travel no longer restricted to 1&nbsp;km from home.
* Limiting the number of people on public buses to 20
* Indoor gatherings of up to 10 people, and outdoor gatherings up to 20, allowed.
* Limiting the number of restaurant guests to 20 indoors, or 30 for restaurants with outdoor seating
* Reopening of prominent religious sites in Jerusalem, including the Western Wall, the Temple Mount, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
* Reopening of beaches and national parks.
On 1 November 2020 Israel eased restrictions further:<ref name="1 Nov easing">{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=1 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/school-is-back-in-session-for-grades-1-4-as-lockdown-eased-synagogues-reopen/|title=School is back in session for grades 1-4 as lockdown eased; synagogues reopen}}</ref>
* Reopening of elementary schools (grades 1–4).
* Reopening of synagogues (limited to 10 people indoors, 20 outdoors).
* Reopening of bed-and-breakfasts.
* Reopening of hair and beauty salons.
* Resumption of some "one-on-one" activities, including driving lessons and personal fitness training.
On 8 November 2020, street-front stores reopened.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 November 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Street shops reopen after long closure, but some businesses succumb to virus|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/street-shops-reopen-after-long-closure-but-some-businesses-succumb-to-virus/}}</ref> Strip malls reopened on 17 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=17 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-cases-rise-eilat-and-dead-sea-open-to-israeli-tourists-strip-malls-reopen/|title=As cases rise, Eilat and Dead Sea to greet Israeli tourists; strip malls reopen}}</ref> 15 malls opened as part of a pilot plan on 27 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=27 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-flood-reopened-malls-as-taskforce-warns-of-clear-rise-in-virus-cases/|title=Israelis flood reopened malls as task force warns of clear rise in virus cases}}</ref>


=== Third wave: November 2020 to April 2021 ===
On 17 July, additional restrictions were announced.<ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|title=Israeli gov't imposes new restrictions: Weekend lockdowns, closure of gyms, studios|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1594955861-israel-new-restrictions-impose-weekend-lockdown-close-gyms-studios|date=17 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=17 July 2020|title=Coronavirus crisis: What are the new restrictions?|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-1758-new-patients-in-a-day-almost-200-in-serious-condition-635269}}</ref> These included:
In December 2020, cases steadily increased, reaching over 3,000 new cases daily and over 5% test positivity rate.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=22 December 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/edelstein-no-choice-but-to-go-into-lockdown-israel-in-a-critical-situation/|title=Edelstein: Israel 'has entered the 3rd wave,' no choice but to go into lockdown}}</ref> Multiple countries announced the appearance of new and more infectious COVID-19 strains; towards the end of December, first cases of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Alpha variant|Alpha variant]] were detected in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Forbes|date=24 December 2020|title=Here's Where 3 New Strains Of Covid-19 Have Traveled So Far|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/suzannerowankelleher/2020/12/24/heres-where-3-new-strains-of-covid-19-have-traveled-so-far/}}</ref> First cases of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant|Beta variant]] were detected in January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=9 January 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/117-more-cases-of-british-coronavirus-mutation-discovered-in-israel-654757|title=Coronavirus: First cases of South African mutation found in Israel}}</ref>
* Closure of all studios and gyms, except for those used by professional athletes
* No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service and take-away allowed)
* Weekend lockdown of non-essential businesses from 5:00pm Friday until 5:00am Sunday (supermarkets and pharmacies not included)
* Closure of beaches during weekend lockdown, starting 24 July 2020
* Gatherings limited to 20 people outdoors, and 10 people indoors


==== Travel ban ====
Due to pressure from business owners, the government backtracked on the closure of restaurants, pools, and beaches.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SyvnA0fxv|title=Israel to keep restaurants, pools open but gyms to remain closed|date=20 July 2020|agency=Ynet}}</ref> Weekend closures of malls and markets were also cancelled, following claims that the closures had not slowed infection rates.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-virus-death-toll-hits-600-as-ministers-approve-raft-of-restrictions/|title=Israel's virus death toll hits 600; outdoor cultural performances set to resume|agency=The Times of Israel|date=9 August 2020}}</ref>
On 20 December 2020, Israel announced an entry ban on all foreign travelers arriving from the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Denmark.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/entry-banned-to-foreigners-from-uk-returning-israelis-sent-to-quarantine-hotels/|title=Entry banned to foreigners from UK; returning Israelis sent to quarantine hotels}}</ref> Israelis returning from these countries were required to enter state-run quarantine hotels. On 24 January 2021, the government announced a week-long ban on most incoming and outgoing flights, effective on Monday January 25 at midnight, to prevent entry of new variants into Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2021|agency=France 24|title=Israel 'closes skies' to air travel to prevent spread of Covid-19 variants|url=https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20210125-israel-closes-skies-to-air-travel-to-prevent-spread-of-coronavirus-variants}}</ref> The flight restrictions were extended multiple times: until 5 February 2021,<ref name="ynetnews.com"/> then until 21 February 2021,<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=5 February 2021|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-cabinet-extends-closure-of-ben-gurion-airport-1001359724|title=Cabinet extends closure of Ben Gurion airport}}</ref> and later until 6 March 2021. Daily flights, for new immigrants and for Israelis stranded outside Israel, were available as of 22 February 2021, for up to 2,000 passengers.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=19 February 2021|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-extends-airport-closure-into-march-1001361333|title=Israel extends airport closure into March}}</ref> The number of daily entries was increased to 3,000 on 7 March 2021.<ref name="reopening">{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=7 March 2021 | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-reopens-all-the-new-rules-from-march-7/ |title=Israel reopens: All the new rules from March 7}}</ref>


==== Third nationwide lockdown ====
====Closure of cities and neighborhoods based on 'traffic light' plan====
On 24 December 2020, the government declared a third nationwide lockdown, to begin on 27 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=24 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-third-lockdown-rules-everything-you-need-to-know-653072|title=Third coronavirus lockdown rules - everything you need to know}}</ref> Restrictions included:
* Traveling limited to 1,000&nbsp;meter radius from home (individual sporting activities are allowed).
* Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors or 20 people outdoors, for approved events (e.g. funerals and weddings).
* Visiting another person's home is forbidden.
* Closure of all non-essential stores and services.
* Businesses that do not receive customers can remain open at 50% capacity or up to 10 employees, whichever is greater.
* Restaurants will open for delivery only.
* Closure of [[bed and breakfast]]s, zoos, safaris and parks.
* Closure of alternative medicine centers, beauty, and hair salons.
* Cancellation of driving lessons.
* Public transportation reduced to 50% capacity.
Preschoolers through grade 4, grades 11–12, and special education, are to continue physical schooling as usual, even in "orange" and "red" cities. While the initial government decision called for remote learning for grades 5–10, this decision was revised by the Knesset Education Committee: in "green" and "yellow" cities, grades 5-10 are to continue in-person schooling, while schools in "orange" and "red" cities will switch to remote learning.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 December 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/controversy-over-schools-opening-as-third-lockdown-begins-653426|title=Third COVID-19 lockdown begins as controversy surrounds schools opening}}</ref> In April 2021, Israel lifted its outdoor and indoor mask mandates, as it was the country with the fastest vaccination campaign worldwide.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-lifts-outdoor-mask-mandate-fully-reopens-schools/amp/|title=Israel lifts outdoor mask mandate, fully reopens schools &#124; The Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/15/world/middleeast/israel-indoor-mask-vaccine.html | title=Israel ends its indoor mask mandate after a robust vaccination campaign | work=The New York Times | date=15 June 2021 | last1=Slotnik | first1=Daniel E. | last2=Minder | first2=Raphael | last3=Cave | first3=Damien }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/18/world/israelis-mask-mandate.html | title=Israel, a world leader in vaccinations, lifts its outdoor mask mandate | work=The New York Times | date=18 April 2021 | last1=Kershner | first1=Isabel }}</ref> But it reimposed the indoor mask mandate due to an increase in infections.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57594155.amp | title=Israel reimposes masks amid new virus fears | date=25 June 2021 }}</ref>


During the first week of January 2021, there were over 8,000 new cases daily.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=5 January 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/daily-infections-surge-past-8300-with-7-6-of-covid-tests-positive/|title=Daily infections surge past 8,300, with 7.6% of COVID tests positive}}</ref> On 5 January 2021, the government announced a two-week long, complete lockdown, effective midnight Thursday 7 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 January 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/edelstein-calls-for-total-corona-lockdown-warns-of-hundreds-of-dead-654325|title=Coronavirus lockdown to begin Thursday at midnight and last two weeks}}</ref> The tightened restrictions include:
On 31 August 2020, the coronavirus cabinet approved the 'traffic-light' plan introduced by Prof. Ronni Gamzu, in which each city is assigned a color indicating its current level of COVID-19.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=31 August 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/coronavirus-cabinet-to-convene-sneak-peek-at-gamzus-traffic-light-plan-640464|title=Red light, green light, go! Gamzu's traffic light plan passes}}</ref> The current color of each city can be viewed on the government website.<ref>[https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/DynamicCollectors/cities-ramzor?skip=0]</ref>
* Gatherings limited to 5 people indoors or 10 people outdoors, except for funerals, weddings and [[Brit milah]]s which gathering limited to 10 people indoors or 20 people outdoors.
* Closing the entire education system including preschools, except special education. Grade schools to continue online schooling.
* Travel abroad allowed only for essential purposes.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/guides/flying-to-israel-guidlines?chapterIndex=1|title=Air travel to and from Israel|agency=Ministry of Health}}</ref>
On 19 January 2021 the tight lockdown was extended until the end of January.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=19 January 2021|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Cabinet extends lockdown until the end of January|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-israel-registers-record-of-10000-new-cases-in-a-single-day-655930}}</ref> The tight lockdown was initially extended until 5 February 2021,<ref name="ynetnews.com">{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=1 February 2021|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HkjMjDNed|title=Israel extends lockdown by 4 days amid 'worst infection wave'}}</ref> and then until 7 February 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=6 February 2021|title=Coronavirus: Gov't to meet on schools Sunday as lockdown ends|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/lockdown-ends-sunday-at-7-am-heres-what-you-need-to-know-657955}}</ref> The government approved a curfew from 8:30&nbsp;p.m. to 5:00&nbsp;a.m. for the three nights of 25–27 February, in an attempt to limit spread of the virus during [[Purim]] holiday activities.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=23 February 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/corona-vaccination-more-than-70-percent-of-israelis-over-16-have-been-jabbed-659882|title=Coronavirus: Israeli gov't approves Purim night curfew}}</ref>


==== Exit strategy ====
On 6 September 2020, the government approved closure of schools and a night-time curfew for forty 'red' communities.<ref>{{cite news|title=Israel gov't approves night-time curfew for 40 'red zone' communities|date=6 September 2020|agency=i24News|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1599416755-israel-gov-t-approves-night-time-curfew-for-40-red-zone-communities}}</ref> This plan replaced Gamzu's proposal of full closure in ten 'red' towns and went into effect 8 September. The communities affected by the curfews were among the poorest in Israel, with mainly Arab and ultra-Orthodox population.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=8 September 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/1-3-million-israelis-locked-down-as-curfew-goes-into-effect-in-virus-hotspots/|title=1.3 million Israelis locked down as curfew kicks off in 40 virus hotspots}}</ref> Residents under curfew were restricted to 500 meters distance from their homes, from 7pm to 5am.
On 7 February 2021 Israel began easing lockdown restrictions:<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=5 February 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/health-coronavirus-israel/israel-extends-covid-19-lockdown-to-sunday-will-ease-it-slowly-idUSL1N2KB0B9|title=Israel extends COVID-19 lockdown to Sunday, will ease it slowly}}</ref>
* Restrictions on travel within and between towns were lifted.
* Workplaces that do not receive customers were reopened.
* Open-air nature reserves and parks were reopened.


During the third lockdown many Israelis were vaccinated against COVID-19. On 21 February 2021, the government implemented [https://corona.health.gov.il/en/directives/green-pass-info/ green passes] for those who were fully vaccinated or were infected and recovered.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 February 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/everything-you-need-to-know-about-israels-green-passport-program-659437|title=Everything you need to know about Israel's green passport program}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Dada|first1=Sara|last2=Battles|first2=Heather|last3=Pilbeam|first3=Caitlin|last4=Singh|first4=Bhagteshwar|last5=Solomon|first5=Tom|last6=Gobat|first6=Nina|date=2021-09-27|title=Learning from the past & present: social science implications for COVID-19 immunity-based documentation|journal=Humanities and Social Sciences Communications|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1–9|doi=10.1057/s41599-021-00898-4|issn=2662-9992|doi-access=free|hdl=2292/57015|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Green passes are required for the following:
====High holidays lockdown====
* entry into gyms, theaters, hotels, and concerts.
* entry into synagogues registered to the plan.


On 7 March 2021, restrictions were eased further. Rules include:<ref name="reopening"/>
On 10 September 2020, Israel became the country with the highest rate of COVID-19 infections per capita. As confirmed infections continued to rise daily, Israeli officials warned that hospitals would eventually be unable to confront the crisis.<ref>{{cite news |title=Analysis: Netanyahu's zigzags leave Israel number one in Covid-19 infection rate|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/israel-netanyahu-coronavirus-number-one-covid-infection-rate|work=Middle East Eye |date=September 10, 2020}}</ref>
* Gatherings of up to 20 people indoors and 50 outdoors are allowed.
* In-person interactions with the public for non-essential services are allowed (if the service cannot be provided remotely).
* Temperature checks for those entering public locations or businesses are canceled.
* Events of up to 300 people and up to 50% venue capacity are allowed, with up to 5% non-green-pass-holders with negative test results allowed.
* Indoor dining at restaurants allowed at 75% capacity with 2&nbsp;meters between tables, for up to 100 green pass holders. Outdoor seating of up to 100 outdoors (no green pass required).
* Places of worship not registered with green pass limited to 20 people inside, 50 outside. Those registered limited to 50% capacity (fixed seating) or 1 person per each 7&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>.
* Tourist attractions open for green pass holders.
* Entry of Israeli citizens via Ben Gurion airport to increase to 3000 daily. Exit available to all those holding vaccination or recovery certificates.
* Entry into Israel via land crossings with Jordan: open twice weekly.
Green passes can be generated for those who have recovered from the virus or who are fully vaccinated (1 week after the second dose) using the Ministry of Health's Traffic Light app.


Preschools, kindergartens, and grades 1-4 reopened on 11 February 2021 in "yellow" and "green" areas, and in "light orange" areas that had at least 70% of their community vaccinated.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=11 February 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-serious-patients-decrease-as-schools-prepare-to-reopen-658467|title=Coronavirus: Some Israeli children return to school today}}</ref> Grades 5-6 and grades 11-12 returned to school in "yellow", "green", and "light orange" areas on 21 February 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=21 February 2021|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/Bk64nk1fO#autoplay|title=Hebrew, to be replaced by English source when available.}}</ref> Grades 7-10 returned to school in "yellow", "green", and "light orange" areas on 7 March 2021.<ref name="reopening" /> Universities reopened with in-person classes for green pass holders on 7 March 2021.<ref name="reopening" /> On 18 April 2021, schools reopened fully, with in-person classes and no special limitations on class size. Students are still required to wear masks indoors but are allowed to take them off during gym class, when they eat, and in between classes.<ref name="schools_masks">{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date = 18 April 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-lifts-outdoor-mask-mandate-fully-reopens-schools/|title=Israel lifts outdoor mask mandate, fully reopens schools}}</ref>
On 13 September 2020, the government approved a 3-week country-wide lockdown, beginning Friday, 18 September at 2pm, and ending on 10 October. Restrictions include:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=13 September 2020|title=Israel's cabinet approves three-week lockdown|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-cabinet-approves-three-week-lockdown-1001342554}}</ref>
* People will be limited to within 500 meters of their homes, except for work and essential activities such as buying food and pharmacy goods
* Closure of malls, stores (except food and pharmacies), hotels, restaurants, fitness clubs and swimming pools
* Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors, or 20 people outdoors
* Closure of schools except for special education and certain boarding schools (online schooling permitted for all schools)
* No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service allowed)


=== Period following vaccination campaign: April to June 2021 ===
The 3-week lockdown took place during the [[High Holy Days|high holidays]], during which many Jews attend synagogue. The lockdown rules for prayer were as follows:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Maariv (in Hebrew)|date=14 September 2020|title=ישראל הולכת לסגר: מה אסור ומה מותר ומתי ההגבלות ייכנסו לתוקף|url=https://www.maariv.co.il/corona/corona-israel/Article-789510}}</ref>
Following the [[COVID-19 vaccination in Israel|national vaccination campaign]] during late December to April 2021, Israel reached a vaccination rate of over 50% of the population, and 9% recovered from COVID-19, with resulting drops in new cases and deaths.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 April 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-may-have-reached-a-sort-of-herd-immunity-expert-says/|title=Israel may have reached a 'sort of herd immunity' from COVID, expert says}}</ref> In April 2021, first cases of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]] were detected in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=20 April 2021|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/By2OjehUu|title=Israel logs Indian COVID variant, sees some vaccine efficacy against it}}</ref> In May 2021, first cases of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Gamma variant|Gamma variant]] were detected too.<ref>{{cite news|date=2021-05-03|title=שני מקרים ראשונים של הזן הברזילאי של קורונה בישראל, אחד הנדבקים מחוסן|trans-title=First two cases of the Brazilian strain of Corona in Israel, one of the infected is vaccinated|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/news/article/BJiJMjpvu|access-date=2021-05-03|website=ynet|language=he|last1=ינקו|first1=אדיר|last2=דרוקמן|first2=ירון}}</ref>
* Outdoor prayer groups limited to 20 people
* Indoor prayer groups limited to <math>N</math> groups of 10 people, with <math>N</math> depending on the number of entrances <math>E</math>, as follows:
<math>N=3E\,\,\,</math> for <math>E<=2</math>.
<br /><math>N=6+2\times(E-2)\,\,\,</math> for <math>E>2</math>.
<br />In either case, the total number of people 10<math>N</math> should not exceed <math>A/4</math>, where <math>A</math> is the area of the room in square meters.


On 18 April 2021, the requirement for masks outdoors was cancelled. Masks were still required indoors in public places, and The Ministry of Health recommended that they be worn outdoors in large gatherings.<ref name = "schools_masks"/> On 15 June 2021, the requirement for masks indoors, in schools, and on public transportation was cancelled.<ref>{{cite news|date = 15 June 2021|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/By5zU6SiO|title=Israel drops indoor mask mandate as COVID infection rates plummet|agency=Ynet}}</ref>
On 23 September 2020, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced stricter lockdown rules after a new daily coronavirus record of 6,923 infections was reported in Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/6e3441fcc0ee15484f4ac8fc3fa9c625|title=Israel's Netanyahu calls for tough lockdown as virus rages|access-date=23 September 2020|website=AP News}}</ref> These included:<ref>{{cite news|date=23 September 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Ministers agree on full lockdown, more severe than Israel's first|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-said-to-agree-on-full-lockdown-more-severe-than-countrys-first/}}</ref>
* Closure of synagogues, excepted for limited prayers on [[Yom Kippur]]
* Participation in demonstrations only within 1&nbsp;km from home
* Closure of [[Ben Gurion Airport]] to outgoing flights


On 23 April 2021, Israel issued a [[travel warning]] for Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, South Africa, Turkey, and Ukraine due to their high COVID-19 morbidity rates.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=23 April 2021|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-issues-travel-warning-for-turkey-india-five-other-countries-over-covid-1.9737576|title=Israel Issues Travel Warning for Turkey, India, Five Other Countries Over COVID}}</ref> On 2 May 2021, the government [[Travel ban|banned the travel]] of Israelis [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|to India]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico|to Mexico]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa|to South Africa]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil|to Brazil]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine|to Ukraine]], [[COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia|to Ethiopia]] and [[COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey|to Turkey]] unless they receive special permission. Israelis returning from these countries must isolate for either 14 days with one PCR test taken upon arrival, or 10 days with two negative PCR tests.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=3 May 2021|title=Israel's ban on travel to 7 countries over COVID variants takes effect|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-ban-on-travel-to-7-countries-over-covid-variants-takes-effect/}}</ref> The current list of 'red' countries for which isolation is required can be found on the Ministry of Health website.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.il/en/Departments/DynamicCollectors/green-red-countries?skip=0&country_status_id=5|title = The government services and information website}}</ref>
On 13 October the lockdown was extended for an additional week, until midnight 18 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 13 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/will-israel-exit-lockdown-coronavirus-cabinet-to-convene-tuesday-645539| title=Lockdown extended until Sunday at midnight - Gantz and Netanyahu agree}}</ref>


On 5 May 2021, the government extended the validity of green passes for those vaccinated or recovered until December 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 May 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-green-pass-extended-to-2021-no-need-of-third-shot-beforehand-667269|title=Coronavirus: Green pass extended through 2021, no need for third shot beforehand}}</ref> On 1 June 2021 Israel lifted many COVID-19 restrictions, including limitations on the number of people at both indoor and outdoor gatherings, and green pass requirements. Restrictions on international travel remain in place.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 June 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/back-to-normal-israel-lifts-nearly-all-covid-restraints-as-virus-fades-away/|title=Back to normal: Israel lifts nearly all COVID restraints as virus fades away}}</ref> Testing protocols remain in place for containing new outbreaks, particularly in schools and among international travellers.<ref>{{cite news|date= 1 June 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/3-steps-israel-will-take-to-keep-covid-cases-low-as-restrictions-lifted-669763|title=3 steps Israel will take to keep COVID cases low as restrictions lifted}}</ref>
====Economic response====
A number of steps were taken to provide financial assistance:
* A one-time payment for each citizen was given out in two installments: the first for parents of children under the age of 18, and the second for individuals 18 or older<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/Corona/Pages/MaanakEzrach.aspx|title=מענק לכל אזרח}}</ref>
* Unemployment pay was extended through 30 June 2021<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/Corona/IdkunAvtala/Pages/IdkunAVTALA29-07-2020.aspx|title=הארכת תשלום דמי האבטלה עד ל-30.6.2021}}</ref>
* An additional grant was provided for low-income workers over age 67 who were fired or forced to take a leave of absence<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.btl.gov.il/benefits/Unemployment/covid19_avt/prisa/Pages/gil-prisa.aspx|title=מענק הסתגלות לבני 67 ומעלה}}</ref>
* Grants for businesses whose income suffered due to the pandemic<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.il/he/service/grant-for-corona-period-3|title=מענק סיוע לעסקים - השתתפות בהוצאות קבועות - פעימה שלישית}}</ref>


=== Fourth wave: June to November 2021 ===
On 21 September 2020, the government unanimously approved a 10% pay cut for all [[Knesset]] members and government ministers.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=21 September 2020|title=Ministers to get 10% pay cut|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/ministers-asked-to-support-10-percent-pay-cut-deri-calls-for-twice-that-amount-643027}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=21 September 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/economy/article/rJn2Ur8Bw#autoplay|title=הממשלה אישרה הצעה לקיצוץ שכר הח"כים והשרים ב-10%}}</ref>
Daily case numbers began rising at the end of June 2021, reaching over 1000 daily cases on 17 July 2021<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 17 July 2021|title=More than 1,000 Israelis test positive for COVID|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/for-first-time-since-march-855-new-coronavirus-cases-in-israel-674084}}</ref> and peaking at over 10,000 during September 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|title=New daily infections top 10,000 for 4th day, but serious cases fall further|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-daily-infections-top-10000-for-4th-straight-day-serious-cases-further-dip/}}</ref> The number of hospitalizations also rose.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Israel Hayom|date=13 July 2021|url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/07/13/israels-4th-covid-wave-sees-surge-in-new-cases-with-81-hospitalized/|title=Israel's 4th COVID wave sees surge in new cases, with 81 hospitalized}}</ref>


On 19 October 2021, the first case of [[Delta variant]] AY.4.2 was detected in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 October 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|title=First case of new Delta mutation AY4.2 diagnosed in Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/first-case-of-new-delta-mutation-ay4-2-diagnosed-in-israel/}}</ref> Subsequent tests revealed 5 earlier cases of the variant.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=21 October 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/covid-outbreak-in-jerusalem-school-41-students-infected-682684|title=Coronavirus: Additional 5 cases of new AY4.2 variant identified in Israel}}</ref>
====Exit strategy====
On 18 October 2020 Israel eased lockdown restrictions in non-'red' cities. The first stage of the exit strategy included:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynetnews|date=18 October 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/BkpbqLKwv|title=Israel steps out of coronavirus lockdown and rolls back restrictions}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=i24News|date=18 October 2020|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1602997124-israel-begins-rolling-back-coronavirus-lockdown-measures-as-kindergartens-temple-mount-reopen|title=Israel begins rolling back coronavirus lockdown measures as kindergartens reopen}}</ref>
* Reopening of kindergartens and nurseries
* Eateries open to take-out in addition to delivery
* Travel no longer restricted to 1&nbsp;km from home
* Indoor gatherings of up to 10 people, and outdoor gatherings up to 20, allowed
* Reopening of prominent religious sites in Jerusalem, including the Western Wall, the Temple Mount, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
* Reopening of beaches and national parks


==== Government response ====
On 1 November 2020 Israel eased restrictions further:<ref name="1 Nov easing">{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=1 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/school-is-back-in-session-for-grades-1-4-as-lockdown-eased-synagogues-reopen/|title=School is back in session for grades 1-4 as lockdown eased; synagogues reopen}}</ref>
* Reopening of elementary schools (grades 1–4)
* Reopening of synagogues (limited to 10 people indoors, 20 outdoors)
* Reopening of bed-and-breakfasts
* Reopening of hair and beauty salons
* Resumption of some "one-one-one" activities, including driving lessons and personal fitness training


On 8 November 2020, street-front stores reopened.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 November 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Street shops reopen after long closure, but some businesses succumb to virus|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/street-shops-reopen-after-long-closure-but-some-businesses-succumb-to-virus/}}</ref> Strip malls reopened on 17 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=17 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-cases-rise-eilat-and-dead-sea-open-to-israeli-tourists-strip-malls-reopen/|title=As cases rise, Eilat and Dead Sea to greet Israeli tourists; strip malls reopen}}</ref> 15 malls opened as part of a pilot plan on 27 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=27 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-flood-reopened-malls-as-taskforce-warns-of-clear-rise-in-virus-cases/|title=Israelis flood reopened malls as task force warns of clear rise in virus cases}}</ref>
On 25 June 2021, the requirement for mask indoors was reinstituted due to the rise in cases.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=25 June 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/virus-czar-says-indoor-mask-rule-could-be-back-friday-as-daily-cases-top-200/|title=Israel reimposes indoor mask requirement as daily cases top 200}}</ref> On 29 July 2021, the green pass requirement was reinstituted for indoor events with 100 or more participants.<ref>{{cite news|date=29 July 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/green-pass-in-effect-israelis-require-jab-certificate-for-indoor-events-675226|title=Green Pass in effect: Israelis require jab certificate for indoor events}}</ref>


On 29 July 2021, a third vaccination was approved for persons aged 60 or older due to observed waning efficacy of the Pfizer vaccine to the prevalent [[SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant|Delta variant]].<ref name="CNBC delta">{{cite news|agency=CNBC|title=Israel to give Pfizer Covid booster shots to people over 60 as efficacy appears to wane amid delta|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/29/delta-variant-israel-to-give-pfizer-covid-booster-shots-to-elderly-.html}}</ref> The vaccine booster was later approved for all those 12 and older.<ref name="booster" />
====Local lockdowns====


On 8 August 2021, restrictions renewed by the government came into effect to slow the spread of the Delta variant and included expanding proof of vaccine and mask-wearing requirements for some gatherings, and a shift back to more work from home, quarantines, and travel restrictions.<ref>{{cite news | last=Fox | first=Nina | title=Israel's new COVID restrictions take hold amid ongoing surge | website=ynetnews | date=2021-08-08 | url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/hkxwwjtky | access-date=2021-08-08}}</ref>
While restrictions were eased in most of the country, local lockdowns were imposed in the following towns due to high case numbers:
* [[Majdal Shams]] and [[Masade]] starting on 6 November 2020, [[Buqata]] on 7 November, and [[Hazor Haglilit]] on 8 November<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=6 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-expected-to-approve-2-local-lockdowns-in-virus-hit-northern-areas/|title=Ministers expected to approve 2 local lockdowns in virus-hit northern areas}}</ref>
* [[Qalansawe]] and [[Iksal]], starting on 17 November 2020<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/SkOFxwxcP|title=Arab towns Qalansawe and Iksal designated restricted coronavirus zones}}</ref>
* [[Nazareth]] and [[Isfiya]], starting on 21 November<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=20 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/ministers-approve-lockdowns-for-northern-towns-of-nazareth-and-isfiya/|title=Ministers approve lockdowns for northern towns of Nazareth and Isfiya}}</ref>


===The 2020-2021 school year===
==== 2021–2022 school year ====
Prime Minister [[Naftali Bennett]] approved a testing plan for students during the 2021–2022 school year. Serological testing of all students in grades 1 through 6 is planned. Students with a positive serological result will receive a green pass and will be exempt from quarantine during the school year. Families of kindergarten and elementary school children will receive home-testing kits and will be required to test their children within 48 hours of the first day of school.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=8 August 2021|title=Testing, testing and more testing: Israel lays out plan for reopening schools|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/testing-testing-and-more-testing-israel-lays-out-plan-for-reopening-schools/}}</ref>
The Haredi school year started on 24 August 2020, before the 'traffic light' plan was approved.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=24 August 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/haredi-school-year-opens-amidst-coronavirus-concerns-639724|title=Haredi school year opens amidst coronavirus concerns}}</ref> All other schools in non-'red' cities opened on 1 September 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=COVID-19: Israeli schools open this morning - but not in red cities|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-czar-insists-schools-cannot-open-in-israels-red-cities-640598|date=1 September 2020}}</ref> Within a week, a number of schools and kindergartens reported outbreaks, leading to quarantine of exposed staff members and students.<ref>{{cite web|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 September 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-in-israel-outbreaks-reported-in-schools-in-multiple-cities-641196|title=Coronavirus in Israel: Outbreaks reported in schools in multiple cities}}</ref>
In a pilot of the serology test carried out in Haredi schools, which reopened on 9 August 2021, approximately 20% of children tested positive.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=10 August 2021|title=Serological testing of children in Haredi cities shows 20% recovered from COVID|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/serological-tests-of-children-in-haredi-cities-shows-20-recovered-from-covid/}}</ref>


Beginning 10 October 2021, Israel adopted the 'green classroom' outline for grades 1–12 in 'green' cities.<ref>{{cite news|date=8 October 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/israels-green-classroom-covid-outline-to-start-on-sunday-681425|title=Israel's 'Green Classroom' COVID outline to start on Sunday}}</ref> According to the outline, if a child tests positive, the child's classmates undergo [[COVID-19 testing|PCR]] testing. Classmates who test negative are allowed to return to school, but must avoid social contact with non-classmates after school hours. Instead of quarantine, the classmates are required to take antigen tests for 7 days, followed by a second PCR test. The children resume regular studies and afterschool activities when the second PCR tests are negative for the whole class. This outline was extended to 'yellow' cities and to daycare on 24 October 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 October 2021|agency=The Medialine|url=https://themedialine.org/corona-updates/israel-to-expand-green-classroom-pilot-program/|title=Israel to expand Green Classroom pilot program}}</ref>
Physical schools, kindergartens and nurseries closed at the beginning of the 3-week lockdown, on 13 September, with classes continuing online.<ref>{{cite news|agency= The Times of Israel|date=13 September 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-enter-3-week-lockdown-from-friday-schools-malls-hotels-to-be-closed/|title=Israel to enter 3-week lockdown from Friday; schools, malls, hotels to be closed}}</ref>


=== Fifth wave: December 2021 to May 2022 ===
Kindergartens and nurseries reopened on 18 October, including in 'red' cities.<ref>{{cite news|date=18 October 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/easing-restrictions-israel-begins-opening-up-from-second-lockdown/|title=Easing restrictions, Israel begins opening up from second lockdown}}</ref>
First cases of the [[SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant|Omicron variant]] were detected in Israel in the end of November 2021,<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=7 December 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-and-wellness/coronavirus/israels-first-omicron-covid-case-i-am-still-weak-688107|title=First Israeli Omicron COVID case: 'I am still weak}}</ref> reaching 175 cases on 19 December 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|date=19 December 2021|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1639940052-bennett-warns-fifth-wave-has-begun-as-omicron-spreads|title=Bennett warns 'fifth wave has begun' as omicron spreads}}</ref> Daily cases increased to over 80,000 at the end of January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=24 January 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/sunday-sees-83088-covid-cases-in-israel-a-new-daily-record/|title=Sunday sees 83,088 COVID cases in Israel, a new daily record}}</ref> Despite having administered enough doses to fully vaccinate 98.6% of the country,<ref>{{cite news|work = Reuters|date=31 January 2022|url=https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/countries-and-territories/israel|title=Reuters COVID-19 Tracker}}</ref> Israel health authorities expressed concern about breaking the record for serious infections in late January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=26 January 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-officials-said-to-warn-country-will-soon-break-own-record-for-serious-cases|title=Health officials said to warn country will soon break own record for serious cases}}</ref>


==== Travel restrictions ====
Grades 1 to 4 reopened on 1 November, in non-'red' cities. Class size was limited to 18 children. Students were required to wear masks throughout the day and eat their meals outdoors or spaced far apart from one another.<ref name="1 Nov easing"/>
Israel banned the entry of foreigners on 28 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Al-Jazeera|date=28 November 2021|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/28/israel-to-ban-entry-of-all-foreigners-over-omicron|title=Israel tightens travel restrictions over new COVID variant}}</ref> Israel further listed 'red' countries to which travel of Israelis was banned.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 December 2021|agency=VOA News|title=Israel Imposing Travel Ban for Britain, Denmark, Belgium over Omicron Spread|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/israel-imposing-travel-ban-for-britain-denmark-belgium-over-omicron-spread/6351055.html}}</ref> Travel restrictions on Israelis were removed on January 6, 2022, and foreigners complying with 'Green Pass' rules were allowed to enter starting January 9, 2022.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=6 January 2022|title=Israel removes travel restrictions|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-removes-travel-restrictions-1001397730}}</ref>
Grades 5 and 6 returned to school on 24 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=23 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/education-minister-says-hell-push-to-open-all-grades-starting-next-week/|title=Education minister says he'll push to open all grades starting next week}}</ref>
High school grades 11 and 12 returned on 29 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=29 November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1A7GTxoD|title=Israeli high schools reopen amid spike in virus infection}}</ref>
Schools reopened for remaining grades 7–10 on 6 December.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=6 December 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israels-school-system-now-open-for-all-students-as-another-lockdown-looms/|title=Israel's school system now open for all students as another lockdown looms}}</ref>


==== School guidelines ====
After the [[Hanukkah]] break, over 220,000 students from grades 5–12 in 'orange' and 'red' cities went back to online studies.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=20 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-222000-students-in-red-and-orange-cities-stay-at-home-652685|title=Coronavirus: 222,000 students in red and orange cities stay at home}}</ref>
Israel scrapped the 'traffic light' plan for in-person school attendance, thereby easing schools' ability to hold in-person classes. Instead, beginning 9 January 2022, children testing positive were required to self-isolate for 10 days. Vaccinated children who were exposed were allowed to return to school after a negative rapid antigen test, while unvaccinated children were required to isolate for 10 days.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 January 2022|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-covid-rules-for-schools-take-effect-borders-reopened-to-vaccinated-foreigners/|title=New COVID rules for schools take effect; borders reopened to vaccinated foreigners}}</ref> The isolation requirements for exposed schoolchildren were cancelled on 27 January 2022. Instead, children will undergo two home tests weekly, on Sunday and Wednesday. Children who test positive at home are required to take an official test and, if positive, isolate for 5 days. Those exposed are recommended to undergo daily tests for 5 days, but are not required to isolate.<ref>{{cite news|date=26 January 2022|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/rejecting-health-concerns-government-nixes-quarantine-for-kids-starting-thursday/|title=Rejecting health concerns, government nixes quarantine for kids starting Thursday}}</ref>


===Protests===
==== 4th vaccine dose ====
Israel began offering a 4th dose of the Pfizer vaccine to those 60 or older on 2 January 2022.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The New York Times|date=2 January 2022|title=Israel will offer a 4th Covid shot to people 60 and over.|work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/03/world/israel-will-offer-a-4th-covid-shot-to-people-60-and-over.html |last1=Kershner |first1=Isabel }}</ref> The 4th dose was later recommended for all those aged 18 or older.<ref>{{cite news|date=25 January 2022|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Health Ministry experts back 4th COVID vaccine dose for over-18s|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-experts-back-4th-covid-vaccine-dose-for-over-18s/}}</ref>
{{Main|Protests against Benjamin Netanyahu}}
During July and August 2020, many protests were held, with protesters voicing frustration over the response of the Netanyahu-led government to the pandemic.<ref>{{cite news|agency=France 24|url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200719-thousands-in-israel-protest-government-s-coronavirus-response|title=Thousands in Israel protest Netanyahu's coronavirus response|date=19 July 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=27 July 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/r1wPIx3eD|title=Coronavirus crisis sparks a young Israeli protest movement}}</ref>


==== Green Pass restrictions ====
On 30 September, Israel's [[Knesset|parliament]] passed a law limiting demonstrations which the opposition say is intended to curb protests against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu over alleged corruption and his mismanagement of the coronavirus crisis. The law prohibits Israelis from holding large gatherings more than one km (0.6 miles) from their residences. The government defended the measure as a way to curb [[COVID-19]] infections.<ref>{{cite news |title= Israel passes law to limit protests during coronavirus lockdown |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/9/30/israel-passes-law-to-limit-protests-during-coronaviruslockdown|work=Al Jazeera |date= September 30, 2020}}</ref>
On 7 February 2022, the requirement to hold a 'Green Pass' or a recent negative test when entering restaurants, movie theaters, gyms, and hotels was removed. 'Green Passes' are still required for entry into event halls and dance clubs.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2022|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/green-pass-covid-restrictions-rolled-back-amid-drop-in-case-count/|title=Green Pass COVID restrictions rolled back as case count falls}}</ref>


===Sixth wave: since June 2022===
On 3 October, numerous anti-Netanyahu protests were held throughout Israel after the passage of legislation limiting demonstrations during the lockdown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog-october-03-2020/|title=Tel Aviv protesters disperse after facing off with cops; over 20 arrested|work=The Times of Israel|date=2020-10-03|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref> The Black Flag movement estimated that 130,000 people took part in Saturday's protests against Netanyahu in cities and towns across Israel.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-despite-restrictions-anti-netanyahu-protests-continue-at-thousands-of-locations-1.9205689|title=Clashes, Arrests as Hundreds of anti-Netanyahu Protests Held Across Israel Under Lockdown|work=Haaretz|date=2020-10-04|access-date=2020-10-04}}</ref>
The number of cases started rising again in June 2022, caused mainly by the spread of variant BA.5.


== Infection prevalence and compliance ==
== Third wave ==
The prevalence of infection has varied between different sectors of the [[Demographics of Israel|Israeli population]]. Haredi communities have experienced a disproportionately higher number of cases <ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=16 December 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/defiance-or-compliance-virus-widens-religious-rift-as-ultra-orthodox-decry-bias/|title=Defiance or compliance? Virus widens religious rift as ultra-Orthodox decry bias}}</ref> and deaths.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=10 Feb 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/1-in-73-ultra-orthodox-israelis-over-65-has-died-of-covid-report-says/|title=1 in 73 ultra-Orthodox Israelis over 65 has died of COVID, report says}}</ref> Reasons for the increased case numbers include crowded living conditions, and prioritizing continuity of religious routines, such as synagogue services and [[Torah]] study at yeshivas.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Israel Democracy Institute|date=18 October 2020|url=https://en.idi.org.il/articles/32679|title=Haredim and Coronavirus: Policy Recommendations for Exit from Second Lockdown}}</ref> Compliance, at least of some groups within the Haredi sector, has been low. During the 'third wave', when all schools were supposed to be closed, many Haredi schools reopened.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=18 January 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/growing-number-of-haredi-schools-said-to-reopen-flouting-lockdown/|title=Growing number of Haredi schools said to reopen, flouting lockdown}}</ref> Hundreds attended weddings in some Haredi communities.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 January 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-infections-surge-mass-ultra-orthodox-weddings-held-despite-lockdown-rules/|title=As infections surge, mass ultra-Orthodox weddings held despite lockdown rules}}</ref> Thousands gathered for funerals of prominent rabbis, including [[Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik|Rabbi Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik]]<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=31 January 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-expected-to-attend-funeral-of-ultra-orthodox-rabbi-killed-by-virus/|title=Thousands attend funeral for ultra-Orthodox rabbi killed by COVID-19}}</ref> and Rabbi Chaim Meir Wosner,<ref>{{cite news|date=7 February 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/thousands-pack-bnei-brak-streets-for-funeral-of-senior-rabbi-who-died-of-covid/|title=Thousands pack Bnei Brak streets for funeral of senior rabbi who died of COVID}}</ref> despite government restrictions. Vaccination rates in the Haredi community have been lower than in the general population, at least partially due to disinformation. A number of prominent rabbis have called on community members to get vaccinated.<ref>{{cite news|date=14 February 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Efforts afoot to increase haredi vaccination, counter false vaccine info|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/efforts-afoot-to-increase-haredi-vaccination-counter-false-vaccine-info-658968}}</ref>
In December 2020, cases steadily increased, reaching over 3,000 new cases daily and over 5% test positivity rate.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=22 December 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/edelstein-no-choice-but-to-go-into-lockdown-israel-in-a-critical-situation/|title=Edelstein: Israel ‘has entered the 3rd wave,’ no choice but to go into lockdown}}</ref>


[[Arab citizens of Israel|Arab communities]] have also experienced relatively high case numbers<ref>{{cite news|agency=[[The Times of Israel]] |date=6 September 2020|title=As coronavirus cases rise, Arab mayors welcome new restrictions|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/as-coronavirus-cases-rise-arab-mayors-welcome-new-restrictions/}}</ref> and deaths.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=24 June 2021|title=Israeli Arab Death Rate From COVID-19 Was Three Times Higher Than General Population, Study Finds|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/study-israeli-arab-death-rate-from-covid-three-times-higher-than-general-population-1.9937934}}</ref> This was mainly attributed to large weddings and social gatherings, held despite government restrictions.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=27 October 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/arab-israelis-see-new-virus-surge-as-weddings-return-with-a-vengeance/|title=Arab Israelis see new virus surge as weddings 'return with a vengeance'}}</ref> Arab communities lagged in vaccinations, despite widespread vaccine availability. The lag was attributed to widespread distrust of the government, and to a lack of Arabic-language outreach and education about the vaccine's safety.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 February 2021|agency=Forward|title=Arab-Israelis lag behind in Israel's vaccination success story|url=https://forward.com/news/464199/arab-israelis-lag-behind-in-israels-vaccination-success-story/}}</ref>
On 24 December 2020, the government declared a third nationwide lockdown, to begin on 27 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=24 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/coronavirus-third-lockdown-rules-everything-you-need-to-know-653072|title=Third coronavirus lockdown rules - everything you need to know}}</ref> Restrictions included:
* Traveling limited to 1,000 meter radius from home (individual sporting activities are allowed)
* Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors or 20 people outdoors, for approved events (e.g. funerals and weddings)
* Visiting another person's home is forbidden
* Closure of all non-essential stores and services
* Businesses that do not receive customers can remain open at 50% capacity or up to 10 employees, whichever is greater
* Restaurants will open for delivery only
* Closure of [[bed and breakfast|bed and breakfasts]], zoos, safaris and parks
* Closure of alternative medicine centers, beauty, and hair salons
* Cancellation of driving lessons
* Public transportation reduced to 50% capacity


== Vaccination ==
Preschoolers through grade 4, grades 11–12, and special education, are to continue physical schooling as usual, even in "orange" and "red" cities. While the initial government decision called for remote learning for grades 5-10, this decision was revised by the Knesset Education Committee: in "green" and "yellow" cities, grades 5-10 are to continue in-person schooling, while schools in "orange" and "red" cities will switch to remote learning.<ref>{{cite news|date=27 December 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/controversy-over-schools-opening-as-third-lockdown-begins-653426|title=Third COVID-19 lockdown begins as controversy surrounds schools opening}}</ref>
{{main|COVID-19 vaccination in Israel}}


== Vaccines ==
===Procurement===
===Procurement===
The Israeli government began to procure doses of COVID-19 vaccines from various sources as data regarding various COVID-19 vaccines became available:
The Israeli government began to procure doses of COVID-19 vaccines from various sources as data regarding various COVID-19 vaccines became available:
* 8 million shots were ordered from [[Pfizer]]<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=16 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-will-reportedly-pay-more-than-us-eu-for-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine/|title=Israel will reportedly pay much more than US, EU for Pfizer coronavirus vaccine}}</ref>
* 8 million shots of the [[Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=16 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-will-reportedly-pay-more-than-us-eu-for-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine/|title=Israel will reportedly pay much more than US, EU for Pfizer coronavirus vaccine}}</ref>
* 10 million doses were ordered from [[AstraZeneca]]<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=25 November 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-changed-plans-in-buying-astrazeneca-vaccine-1001350876|title=AstraZeneca Israel CEO Ohad Goldberg says Israel ordered 10 million doses directly, after discovering WHO-program factories did not meet Health Ministry standards}}</ref>
* 10 million doses of the [[Oxford–AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=25 November 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-changed-plans-in-buying-astrazeneca-vaccine-1001350876|title=AstraZeneca Israel CEO Ohad Goldberg says Israel ordered 10 million doses directly, after discovering WHO-program factories did not meet Health Ministry standards}}</ref>
* 6 million doses were ordered from [[Moderna]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-israel-signs-to-increase-moderna-vaccine-doses-to-6-million-651169|title=Israel, Moderna sign expanded deal for 6 million COVID vaccine doses}}</ref> Israel was an early investor in the Moderna vaccine.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=16 November 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-moderna-cmo-israel-among-countries-first-in-line-for-vaccine-1001349688|title=Moderna CMO: Israel among countries first in line for vaccine}}</ref>
* 6 million doses of the [[Moderna COVID-19 vaccine]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/coronavirus-israel-signs-to-increase-moderna-vaccine-doses-to-6-million-651169|title=Israel, Moderna sign expanded deal for 6 million COVID vaccine doses}}</ref> Israel was an early investor in the Moderna vaccine.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=16 November 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-moderna-cmo-israel-among-countries-first-in-line-for-vaccine-1001349688|title=Moderna CMO: Israel among countries first in line for vaccine}}</ref>

The first batch of vaccines, from [[Pfizer]], arrived on 9 December.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 9 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/first-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-shipment-arrives-in-israel-651569|title = Israel to begin giving corona vaccines Dec. 27}}</ref> 700,000 more doses were delivered on 10 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=11 January 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/pfizer-vaccines-to-arrive-at-4-pm-654911|title=Coronavirus: 700,000 more Pfizer vaccines arrive in Israel}}</ref> The first batch of vaccines from Moderna arrived on 7 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=7 January 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/first-batch-of-moderna-vaccines-arrives-in-israel/|title=First batch of Moderna vaccines arrives in Israel}}</ref> Israel was prioritized for receiving the Pfizer vaccine. In exchange, Israel has committed to send Pfizer medical data pertaining to the vaccinations, including side effects, efficacy, and amount of time it takes to develop antibodies, for different age groups. In order to protect privacy, it was agreed that the identity of those vaccinated will not be disclosed to Pfizer.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=8 January 2021|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-trades-medical-data-for-vaccine-doses-1001356436|title=Israel trades medical data for vaccine doses}}</ref> A [https://govextra.gov.il/media/30806/11221-moh-pfizer-collaboration-agreement-redacted.pdf censored version of the agreement] was made public by the Israeli government on 17 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=17 January 2021|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-publishes-vaccine-data-deal-with-pfizer-1001357450|title=Israel publishes Pfizer vaccine data deal details|newspaper=Globes}}</ref> In April 2021, long-term agreements for the supply of 18 million total additional vaccines were signed with Moderna and Pfizer. The doses to be supplied will be adapted to the different variants of the virus, if needed.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 April 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-closes-long-term-covid-19-vaccine-deal-despite-political-difficulties/|title=Israel closes long-term COVID-19 vaccine deals with Pfizer and Moderna}}</ref>


===Distribution===
===Distribution===
The first batch of vaccines, from Pfizer, arrived on 9 December.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 9 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/first-pfizer-coronavirus-vaccine-shipment-arrives-in-israel-651569|title = Israel to begin giving corona vaccines Dec. 27}}</ref> Vaccinations began on 19 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 December 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/netanyahu-to-kick-off-israels-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-on-saturday-652628|title=Netanyahu: A small shot for a person, a huge step toward the health of us all}}</ref>


==== Pfizer vaccine ====
The following vaccination priorities were established by the Ministry of Health:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ministry of Health Press Releases|date= 16 December 2020|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/16122020-01|title=The First Ones to Have the COVID-19 Vaccine within the "Ten Katef" Vaccine Campaign}}</ref>
The following vaccination priorities were established by the Ministry of Health:<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ministry of Health Press Releases|date= 16 December 2020|url=https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/16122020-01|title=The First Ones to Have the COVID-19 Vaccine within the "Ten Katef" Vaccine Campaign}}</ref>
* Phase A: healthcare personnel, in the following order: hospital workers, [[Healthcare_in_Israel|Kupot Holim]], private clinics and dentists' clinics, geriatric and psychiatric hospitals, nursing and medical students in clinical rounds, [[Magen David Adom]] and rescue organizations, protective institutions for fathers and mothers, and welfare institutions for dependents and their caregivers. Expansion of Stage A to people aged 60 or older - under the responsibility of the Kupot Holim.
* Phase A: healthcare personnel, in the following order: hospital workers, [[Healthcare in Israel|Kupot Holim]], private clinics and dentists' clinics, geriatric and psychiatric hospitals, nursing and medical students in clinical rounds, [[Magen David Adom]] and rescue organizations, protective institutions for fathers and mothers, and welfare institutions for dependents and their caregivers. Expansion of Stage A to people aged 60 or older - under the responsibility of the Kupot Holim.
* Phase B: the rest of the population, in the following order: risk groups (diabetes, morbid obesity, [[Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease|COPD]], hypertension, patients with immunosuppression and their family members, organ transplant recipients, hematologic patients, etc.), teachers, kindergarten teachers, social workers, prisoners and prison guards, personnel of [[Israel_Defense_Forces|IDF]] and other security bodies.
* Phase B: the rest of the population, in the following order: risk groups (diabetes, morbid obesity, [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], hypertension, patients with immunosuppression and their family members, organ transplant recipients, hematologic patients, etc.), teachers, kindergarten teachers, social workers, prisoners and prison guards, personnel of [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] and other security bodies.
* The rest of the population, scheduled with the Kupot Holim.
* The rest of the population, scheduled with the Kupot Holim.


Netanyahu, [[Yuli Edelstein]] and others received their vaccination first. Vaccinations began on 19 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=19 December 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/netanyahu-to-kick-off-israels-covid-19-vaccination-campaign-on-saturday-652628|title=Netanyahu: A small shot for a person, a huge step toward the health of us all}}</ref> The first large batch of vaccines, from Pfizer, was distributed rapidly, with about 1.5 million people (16% of the population) vaccinated within 3 weeks.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 January 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/what-is-behind-israels-attention-grabbing-covid-19-vaccination-spree/|title=Vaccination nation: 5 factors in Israel's world-leading COVID inoculation drive}}</ref> While Israel's rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations was not problem-free, its initial phase was clearly rapid and effective.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rosen|first1=Bruce|last2=Waitzberg|first2=Ruth|last3=Israeli|first3=Avi|date=2021-01-26|title=Israel's rapid rollout of vaccinations for COVID-19|url= |journal=Israel Journal of Health Policy Research|volume=10|issue=1|page=6|doi=10.1186/s13584-021-00440-6|issn=2045-4015|pmc=7835664|pmid=33499905 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Vaccinations were expanded to teachers and to those 55 or older on 12 January 2021,<ref>{{cite news|date=11 January 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|title=Israel expanding vaccination teachers, people 55+ beginning Tuesday|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/israelis-55-and-older-eligible-for-covid-vaccine-starting-tomorrow-655000}}</ref> to those 45 or older on 17 January 2021,<ref>{{cite news|date=15 January 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Israel to start vaccinating citizens aged 45+ Sunday|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-start-vaccinating-citizens-aged-45-sunday/}}</ref> to those 40 or older on 19 January 2021,<ref>{{cite news|date=19 January 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|title=Israelis aged 40+ start receiving vaccines in race to halt record infections|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-aged-40-start-receiving-vaccines-in-race-to-halt-record-infections/}}</ref> and to those 35 or older on 28 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=27 January 2021|title=Israel expands coronavirus vaccine drive to over-35s|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/XLGFB3285}}</ref> Pregnant women were advised to vaccinate and were added to the priority list on 19 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 January 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-ministry-advises-pregnant-women-get-vaccine-after-10-serious-infections/|title=Health Ministry advises pregnant women get vaccine, after 10 serious infections}}</ref>
===Development of an Israeli vaccine===
Teenagers born in 2003 and 2004 began getting vaccinated on 23 January 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=24 January 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/clalit-ages-16-18-will-be-able-to-get-covid-19-vaccination-in-24-hours-656389|title=Coronavirus vaccination: Teens 16-18 begin getting the jab}}</ref> Vaccinations became available to all people 16 or older who had not contracted COVID, beginning 4 February 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Guardian|date=3 February 2021|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/03/israel-opens-coronavirus-vaccines-to-all-over-16s|title=Israel opens coronavirus vaccines to all over-16s}}</ref> Vaccinations became available to those 16 or older who had contracted COVID on 2 March 2021. These people will receive a single dose of the Pfizer vaccine.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 March 2021|agency=Israel Hayom|title=Health Ministry allows HMOs to vaccinate recovered COVID patients|url=https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/03/02/health-ministry-allows-hmos-to-vaccinate-recovered-covid-patients/}}</ref> Vaccinations were approved for 12-15 year olds on 2 June 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=2 June 2021|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israels-health-ministry-approves-covid-jabs-for-12-15-year-olds-1001373072|title=Israel approves Covid jabs for 12-15 year olds}}</ref>
The [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]] developed a vaccine and produced 25,000 doses of the vaccine for a [[Phases_of_clinical_research|Phase I clinical trial]], which began in [[Sheba Medical Center|Sheba]] and [[Hadassah_Medical_Center|Hadassah]] medical centers in October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=25 October 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-to-begin-covid-19-human-trials-next-week-1001346982|title=Israel to begin Covid-19 vaccine human trials}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|date=1 November 2020|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1604210258-israel-s-human-trial-for-coronavirus-vaccine-with-first-participant-underway|title=Israel's clinical trial for COVID-19 vaccine with first participants underway}}</ref> On 14 December, it was announced that the Health Ministry had approved the launch of a [[Phases_of_clinical_research|Phase II clinical trial]] for the Israel Institute for Biological Research's vaccine candidate, [https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BriLife BriLife].<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israels-vaccine-candidate-set-to-launch-phase-ii-clinical-trial-652110|title=Israel's vaccine candidate set to launch Phase II clinical trial}}</ref>

A third vaccination for people aged 60 and above was approved by the government of 29 July 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=29 July 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israelis-age-60-and-up-to-start-getting-third-coronavirus-vaccine-dose-next-week/|title=Israelis age 60 and up to start getting third coronavirus vaccine dose next week}}</ref> [[Isaac Herzog|President Herzog]] was the first to receive the third shot.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=30 July 2021|title=President leads way as Israel starts giving 3rd COVID vaccine dose to elderly|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-begins-administering-3rd-covid-vaccine-dose-to-the-elderly/}}</ref> The third dose eligibility was expanded to health workers and those over 50 on 13 August 2021,<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=13 August 2021|title=Israel expands COVID vaccine booster campaign to over 50s, health workers|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-expands-covid-vaccine-booster-campaign-over-50s-health-workers-2021-08-13/}}</ref> to those over 40 and teachers on 19 August 2021,<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=19 August 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israelis-over-40-teachers-eligible-covid-19-vaccine-booster-health-minister-says-2021-08-19/|title=Israel extends COVID-19 vaccine boosters to people over 40, teachers}}</ref> to those over 30 on 24 August 2021,<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=24 August 2021|title=Israel lowers age of eligibility for COVID-19 vaccine booster to 30|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/skb60uf11f}}</ref> and to anyone 12 or older who received the second shot at least five months prior on 29 August 2021.<ref name="booster">{{cite news|date= 29 August 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-offers-covid-booster-shot-to-all-eligible-for-vaccine/|title=Israel widens 3rd COVID booster shot to those aged 12 and over}}</ref>

Israel approved child-sized doses of the Pfizer vaccine on 10 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=10 November 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-approves-covid-shots-for-kids-experts-predict-uphill-acceptance-struggle/|title=Israel approves COVID shots for kids; experts predict uphill acceptance struggle}}</ref> The first batch of child-dose vaccines arrived on 20 November 2021<ref>{{cite news|date=20 November 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/1-million-doses-of-kid-sized-covid-vaccines-arrive-in-israel-as-1st-shipment-lands|title=1 million doses of kid-sized COVID vaccines arrive in Israel as 1st shipment lands}}</ref> and vaccination of 5-11 year olds began on 22 November 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=22 November 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-begins-vaccinating-children-aged-5-11/|title=Israel begins vaccinating children aged 5-11}}</ref>

==== Astrazeneca vaccine ====
On 21 October 2021, Israel began offering the Astrazeneca vaccine to those unable to receive the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=18 October 2021|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/health_science/article/sjh4kwshk|title=Israel to begin offering AstraZeneca coronavirus vaccine}}</ref>

=== Development of an Israeli vaccine ===
{{main|BriLife}}
[[File:Reuven Rivlin with the first vaccinator in Phase B of the Israeli Vaccine of the Israeli Biological Institute, January 2021 (GPOABG 4045).jpg|thumb|President [[Reuven Rivlin]] standing next to the first person to participate in Phase B trial of [[BriLife]] vaccine. [[Barzilai Medical Center]], 5 January 2021.]]
The [[Israel Institute for Biological Research]] developed a vaccine and produced 25,000 doses of the vaccine for a [[Phases of clinical research|Phase I clinical trial]], which began in [[Sheba Medical Center|Sheba]] and [[Hadassah Medical Center|Hadassah]] medical centers in October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Globes|date=25 October 2020|url=https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-israel-to-begin-covid-19-human-trials-next-week-1001346982|title=Israel to begin Covid-19 vaccine human trials}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|date=1 November 2020|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/coronavirus/1604210258-israel-s-human-trial-for-coronavirus-vaccine-with-first-participant-underway|title=Israel's clinical trial for COVID-19 vaccine with first participants underway}}</ref> On 14 December 2020, it was announced that the Health Ministry had approved the launch of a [[Phases of clinical research|Phase II clinical trial]] for the Israel Institute for Biological Research's vaccine candidate, [[BriLife]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 December 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-science/israels-vaccine-candidate-set-to-launch-phase-ii-clinical-trial-652110|title=Israel's vaccine candidate set to launch Phase II clinical trial}}</ref>

=== Vaccine diplomacy and swap ===
Prime Minister Netanyahu donated vaccines purchased by Israel to a small number of countries, including Honduras and the Czech Republic. Planned donations of vaccines to other countries were frozen after legal questions were raised.<ref>{{cite news|work=Reuters|date=25 February 2021|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-israel-vaccines-di/israel-freezes-programme-to-send-vaccines-abroad-defence-minister-says-idUSKBN2AP2L9?il=0|title=Israel freezes programme to send vaccines abroad, defence minister says}}</ref>

On 6 July 2021, Israel signed a vaccine swap agreement with South Korea. Israel delivered 700,000 doses of the Pfizer vaccine that were close to expiration in exchange for an equal amount of doses that South Korea had ordered for later in 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 July 2021|agency=Haaretz|title=Israel Signs COVID-19 Vaccine Exchange Deal With South Korea|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-signs-covid-19-vaccine-exchange-deal-with-south-korea-1.9972533}}</ref>


==Relations with neighbouring countries and territories==
==Relations with neighbouring countries and territories==
===Palestinian Authority===
=== Palestine ===
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine|Israel–Palestine relations}}
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine|Israel–Palestine relations}}
;Palestinian Authority
On 11 March, Israel delivered 20&nbsp;tons of [[disinfectant]] to the [[West Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Israel-delivers-disinfectant-to-West-Bank-amid-coronavirus-outbreak-620574|title=Israel delivers disinfectant to West Bank amid coronavirus outbreak|date=11 March 2020}}</ref>
On 11 March, Israel delivered 20&nbsp;tons of [[disinfectant]] to the [[West Bank]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Israel-delivers-disinfectant-to-West-Bank-amid-coronavirus-outbreak-620574|title=Israel delivers disinfectant to West Bank amid coronavirus outbreak|date=11 March 2020}}</ref>


On 17 March, the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Defense Ministry]] tightened restrictions on Palestinian workers, limiting entry to those working in essential sectors, and requiring that they remain in Israel instead of commuting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-tightens-restrictions-on-palestinian-workers-bans-commuting/|title=Israel tightens restrictions on Palestinian workers, bars them from commuting|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Also, Israel and the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] set up a joint operations room to coordinate their response to the virus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-Palestinians-set-up-joint-operations-room-to-combat-coronavirus-621431|title=Israel, Palestinians set up joint operations room to combat coronavirus|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=18 March 2020}}</ref>
On 17 March, the [[Ministry of Defense (Israel)|Defense Ministry]] tightened restrictions on [[Palestinian workers in Israel|Palestinian workers]], limiting entry to those working in essential sectors, and requiring that they remain in Israel instead of commuting.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-tightens-restrictions-on-palestinian-workers-bans-commuting/|title=Israel tightens restrictions on Palestinian workers, bars them from commuting|date=17 March 2020}}</ref> Also, Israel and the [[Palestinian National Authority|Palestinian Authority]] set up a joint operations room to coordinate their response to the virus.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/Israel-Palestinians-set-up-joint-operations-room-to-combat-coronavirus-621431|title=Israel, Palestinians set up joint operations room to combat coronavirus|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=18 March 2020}}</ref>


On 25 March, the Palestinian Authority urged all Palestinians working in Israel to return to the West Bank. All those returning were requested to self-isolate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pa-urges-palestinian-workers-to-return-to-west-bank-as-israels-virus-cases-grow/|title=PA urges Palestinian workers to return to West Bank as Israel's virus cases grow|date=25 March 2020}}</ref>
On 25 March, the [[Palestinian National Authority]] urged all Palestinians working in Israel to return to the West Bank. All those returning were requested to self-isolate.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/pa-urges-palestinian-workers-to-return-to-west-bank-as-israels-virus-cases-grow/|title=PA urges Palestinian workers to return to West Bank as Israel's virus cases grow|date=25 March 2020}}</ref>


On 19 May, an unmarked [[Etihad Airways]] plane marked the first direct flight between the [[United Arab Emirates]] and Israel. Its goal was to deliver supplies to the West Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-emirates-palestinians/abu-dhabis-etihad-makes-first-known-flight-to-israel-carrying-palestinian-aid-idUSKBN22V2R8|work=Reuters|date=19 May 2020|title=Abu Dhabi's Etihad makes first known flight to Israel, carrying Palestinian aid}}{{Relevance inline|date=May 2020}}</ref> The aid was rejected by the West Bank, so it was delivered to Gaza instead.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=21 May 2020|title=Palestinian Authority Refuses Coronavirus Aid From Direct UAE-Israel Flight, Citing Normalization|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-palestinian-authority-refuses-coronavirus-aid-from-direct-uae-israel-flight-1.8864130}}</ref>
On 19 May, an unmarked [[Etihad Airways]] plane marked the first direct flight between the [[United Arab Emirates]] and Israel. Its goal was to deliver supplies to the West Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-emirates-palestinians/abu-dhabis-etihad-makes-first-known-flight-to-israel-carrying-palestinian-aid-idUSKBN22V2R8|work=Reuters|date=19 May 2020|title=Abu Dhabi's Etihad makes first known flight to Israel, carrying Palestinian aid}}{{Relevance inline|date=May 2020}}</ref> The aid was rejected by the West Bank, so it was delivered to Gaza instead.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=21 May 2020|title=Palestinian Authority Refuses Coronavirus Aid From Direct UAE-Israel Flight, Citing Normalization|url=https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-palestinian-authority-refuses-coronavirus-aid-from-direct-uae-israel-flight-1.8864130}}</ref>


On 18 October, former chief negotiator [[Saeb Erekat]] was transferred to [[Hadassah Medical Center]] for treatment for COVID-19. Erekat had undergone a lung transplant in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=19 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/saeb-erekats-covid-19-symptoms-worsen-en-route-to-hadassah-646114|title=Hadassah hospital consulting with US medics on COVID treatment for Erekat}}</ref> Erekat died of COVID-19 on 10 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=10 November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1f6YAvFv|title=Saeb Erekat, veteran Palestinian negotiator, dies of COVID-19 at 65}}</ref>
On 18 October, former chief negotiator [[Saeb Erekat]] was transferred to [[Hadassah Medical Center]] for treatment for COVID-19. Erekat had undergone a lung transplant in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=19 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/saeb-erekats-covid-19-symptoms-worsen-en-route-to-hadassah-646114|title=Hadassah hospital consulting with US medics on COVID treatment for Erekat}}</ref> Erekat died of COVID-19 on 10 November.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=10 November 2020|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/r1f6YAvFv|title=Saeb Erekat, veteran Palestinian negotiator, dies of COVID-19 at 65}}</ref>

On 4 January 2021, Minister of Health Yuli Edelstein secretly approved the transfer of 200 vaccine doses to the Palestinian Authority as a humanitarian gesture.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001356971|work=Globes|date=13 January 2021|title=The petition revealed: Edelstein secretly approved the transfer of 200 vaccine doses to the Palestinian Authority}}</ref>

On 29 January 2021, it was reported in several Israeli news sources that Israel is planning to give the Palestinian Authority a batch of vaccine doses for 1000 Palestinian medical workers. The Palestinian Authority also asked Israel to help coordinate the transfer of Palestinian ordered vaccine shipments to the West Bank.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-give-palestinians-vaccines-for-1000-medical-workers-report/|work=The Times Of Israel|date=29 January 2021|title=Israel to give Palestinians vaccines for 1,000 medical workers — report}}</ref>

Israel transferred 2000 vaccine doses for Palestinian health workers on 1 February 2021. This is the first batch of a reported 5000 doses scheduled to be transferred.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/israel-to-begin-transferring-covid-vaccines-to-pa-today-657390|work=The Jerusalem Post|date=1 February 2021|title=Israel begins transferring coronavirus vaccines to Palestinian Authority}}</ref>

On 20 February 2021, Palestinian officials reported that Israel had agreed to vaccinate 100,000 Palestinians who regularly enter Israel.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Seattle Times|date = 20 February 2021|url=https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/israel-agrees-to-vaccinate-palestinian-workers-palestinian-officials-say/|title=Israel agrees to vaccinate Palestinian workers, Palestinian officials say}}</ref>
On 28 February 2021, Israel confirmed that it would vaccinate 120,000 Palestinian workers.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Times Of Israel|date = 28 February 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-authorizes-plan-to-vaccinate-over-120000-palestinian-workers/|title=Israel authorizes plan to vaccinate over 120,000 Palestinian workers}}</ref> Vaccinations of Palestinian workers began on 8 March 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Aljazeera|date=8 March 2021|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/8/israel-starts-vaccinating-palestinian-workers-after-delays|title=Israel starts vaccinating Palestinian workers after delays}}</ref>

On 18 June 2021, Israel announced that it would supply at least 1 million Pfizer vaccinations to the Palestinian Authority in exchange for an equal amount of vaccinations that were to be delivered to the Palestinian Authority later in the year.<ref>{{cite news|date = 18 June 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-to-give-palestinians-1-2-million-covid-vaccines-in-coming-days-report/|title=Israel to give Palestinians 1.2 million COVID vaccines in coming days — report}}</ref> The deal was scrapped by the Palestinian Authority due to the expiry date on the delivered vaccines, which was earlier than the date agreed upon.<ref>{{cite news|agency=BBC|date=19 June 2021|title=Covid: Palestinians cancel vaccine swap deal with Israel|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57525252}}</ref> After the Palestinian cancellation of the trade deal South Korea accepted these now available near-expiration vaccine doses in exchange for supplying the same number of future vaccine doses when they are available to Korea in the September timeframe.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-57732033|title=Covid: Israel and South Korea strike Pfizer vaccine deal|work=BBC News|date=6 July 2021}}</ref>

;Gaza
Israel initially blocked and later permitted entry of 2,000 [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]] vaccine doses into the [[Gaza Strip]].<ref>{{cite news|date=17 February 2021|agency=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/17/israel-allows-1000-covid-vaccines-into-blockaded-gaza-after-hold-up|title=Israel allows 2,000 Covid vaccine doses into Gaza after hold-up}}</ref>


===Egypt===
===Egypt===
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt–Israel relations}}
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt|Egypt–Israel relations}}
On 8 March, Israel closed down the [[Taba Border Crossing]] with Egypt, fearing the spread of the coronavirus from Egypt. The entry ban applied to any non-Israeli person attempting entry from Egypt. Israeli nationals returning from Egypt were required to enter an immediate 14-day quarantine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/1583680035-israel-closes-border-crossing-into-egypt-over-coronavirus-fears|title=Israel bans visitors from Egypt over coronavirus fears|website=www.i24news.tv|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>
On 8 March 2020, Israel closed the [[Taba Border Crossing]] with Egypt, fearing the spread of the coronavirus from Egypt. Non-Israelis were not permitted to enter Israel; Israelis returning from Egypt were required to enter an immediate 14-day quarantine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/diplomacy-defense/1583680035-israel-closes-border-crossing-into-egypt-over-coronavirus-fears|title=Israel bans visitors from Egypt over coronavirus fears|website=www.i24news.tv|date=2020-03-08}}</ref>


===Jordan===
===Jordan===
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan|Israel–Jordan relations}}
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan|Israel–Jordan relations}}
While Israel had not placed restrictions on its Jordanian border crossings, the Jordanian Kingdom decided to close its border with Israel as well as all other neighbouring countries beginning from March 11.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hamodia.com/2020/03/11/jordan-bars-entry-israel-iraq-egypt-due-coronavirus/|title=Jordan Bars Entry from Israel, Iraq, Egypt Due to Coronavirus {{!}} Hamodia.com|date=2020-03-11|website=Hamodia|language=en|access-date=2020-03-18}}</ref>
Israel did not place restrictions on crossing the border with Jordan. The Jordanian Kingdom closed its border with all neighboring countries, including Israel, from March 11, 2020.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hamodia.com/2020/03/11/jordan-bars-entry-israel-iraq-egypt-due-coronavirus/|title=Jordan Bars Entry from Israel, Iraq, Egypt Due to Coronavirus|date=2020-03-11|website=Hamodia|language=en}}</ref>


On April 15, the ''Jerusalem Post'' reported that Israel was to provide 5,000 medical protection masks to Jordan to fight coronavirus outbreak, with the IDF overseeing the delivery.<ref>{{cite web|last=Post |first=Jerusalem |url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/israel-to-deliver-5000-medical-masks-to-jordan-to-fight-coronavirus-624733 |title=Israel to deliver 5,000 medical masks to Jordan to fight coronavirus - The Jerusalem Post |publisher=Jpost.com |date=2020-04-15 |access-date=2020-06-05}}</ref>
On April 15, 2020, the ''Jerusalem Post'' reported that Israel was to provide 5,000 medical protection masks to Jordan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/israel-to-deliver-5000-medical-masks-to-jordan-to-fight-coronavirus-624733 |title=Israel to deliver 5,000 medical masks to Jordan to fight coronavirus|author=<!--staff writers-->|newspaper=The Jerusalem Post |date=2020-04-15}}</ref>

===Syria===
{{see also|COVID-19 pandemic in Syria|Israel–Syria relations}}
Israel agreed to pay Russia to send Russian-made [[Sputnik V COVID-19 vaccine|Sputnik V]] vaccine doses to Syria as part of a Russia-mediated prisoner swap agreement.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The New York Times|date=20 February 2021|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/02/20/world/middleeast/israel-syria-prisoner-swap-vaccines.html|title=Israel Secretly Agrees to Fund Vaccines for Syria as Part of Prisoner Swap|work=The New York Times |last1=Kingsley |first1=Patrick |last2=Bergman |first2=Ronen |last3=Kramer |first3=Andrew E. }}</ref>

==Criticism and opposition to COVID-19 restrictions==
{{main|Protests over COVID-19 policies in Israel}}
Since April 2020 a series of protests by various social and political groups took place across Israel, opposing lockdowns, mandatory vaccines, government restriction policies and vaccinations in general. The protests coincided with similar [[protests over responses to the COVID-19 pandemic|demonstrations and riots worldwide]], though some of the earlier protests were linked to the specific [[2019–2021 Israeli political crisis]].


==Notable people infected with COVID-19==
==Notable people infected with COVID-19==


Health Minister [[Yaakov Litzman]] and his wife tested positive for the coronavirus on 2 April 2020.<ref name="The Times of Israel">{{cite news |title=Israel's Health Minister Litzman and his wife test positive for coronavirus |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-minister-litzman-wife-test-positive-for-coronavirus/ |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> News reports later claimed that Litzman had violated the government's ban on participating in group prayer the day before he was diagnosed. His office denied the claims.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/infected-health-minister-accused-of-ignoring-rules-endangering-israels-leaders/|title=Infected health minister accused of flouting rules, endangering Israel's leaders|first=Jacob|last=Magid|date=2 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>
Then Health Minister [[Yaakov Litzman]] and his wife tested positive for the coronavirus on 2 April 2020.<ref name="The Times of Israel">{{cite news |title=Israel's Health Minister Litzman and his wife test positive for coronavirus |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/health-minister-litzman-wife-test-positive-for-coronavirus/ |access-date=2 April 2020 |work=The Times of Israel}}</ref> News reports later claimed that Litzman had violated the government's ban on participating in group prayer the day before he was diagnosed. His office denied the claims.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/infected-health-minister-accused-of-ignoring-rules-endangering-israels-leaders/|title=Infected health minister accused of flouting rules, endangering Israel's leaders|first=Jacob|last=Magid|date=2 April 2020|access-date=12 April 2020|work=The Times of Israel}}</ref>


[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] professor [[Mark Steiner]] died of the virus on 6 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dailynous.com/2020/04/06/mark-steiner-1942-2020/ | title=Mark Steiner (1942-2020)|date=6 April 2020}}</ref>
[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] professor [[Mark Steiner]] died of the virus on 6 April 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://dailynous.com/2020/04/06/mark-steiner-1942-2020/ | title=Mark Steiner (1942-2020)|date=6 April 2020}}</ref>


Jerusalem Affairs Minister [[Rafi Peretz]] tested positive on 1 August 2020.<ref>{{cite web|date=1 August 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-affairs-minister-rafi-peretz-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=Jerusalem minister tests positive for virus; 14 more deaths since Friday evening}}</ref>
Former Chief Rabbi [[Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron]] died of the virus on 12 April 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 April 2020|agency=The National News|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/mena/former-chief-rabbi-of-israel-dies-from-covid-19-1.1005170|title=Former chief rabbi of Israel dies from Covid-19}}</ref>

Jerusalem Affairs Minister [[Rafi Peretz]] tested positive on 1 August 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=1 August 2020|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/jerusalem-affairs-minister-rafi-peretz-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=Jerusalem minister tests positive for virus; 14 more deaths since Friday evening}}</ref>

Aliyah and Integration Minister [[Pnina Tamano-Shata]] tested positive on 24 August 2020.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/fears-of-infections-among-lawmakers-after-blue-and-white-minister-catches-virus/ 2 lawmakers in quarantine after Blue and White minister catches virus] ''www.timesofisrael.com'', accessed 30 January 202</ref>


Aliyah and Integration Minister [[Pnina Tamano-Shata]] tested positive on 24 August 2020.<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/fears-of-infections-among-lawmakers-after-blue-and-white-minister-catches-virus/</ref>
Knesset member [[Yinon Azulai]] tested positive on 9 September 2020.<ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/shas-mk-yinon-azoulay-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/ Shas MK Yinon Azoulay tests positive for coronavirus] ''www.timesofisrael.com'', accessed 30 January 2021</ref>


[[Chaim Kanievsky|Rabbi Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky]] was diagnosed with COVID-19 on 2 October 2020.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Top ultra-Orthodox Rabbi Chaim Kanievsky, 92, tests positive for coronavirus|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/top-ultra-orthodox-rabbi-92-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref> On 28 October 2020, Kanievsky's physician said Kanievsky had recovered from the virus.<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Prominent ultra-Orthodox rabbi Kanievsky free from coronavirus, says doctor|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/prominent-ultra-orthodox-rabbi-kanievsky-free-from-coronavirus-says-doctor/|access-date=2021-02-22|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref>
[[Knesset]] member [[Yinon Azulai]] tested positive on 9 September 2020.<ref>https://www.timesofisrael.com/shas-mk-yinon-azoulay-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/</ref>


Environmental Protection Minister [[Gila Gamliel]] tested positive on 3 October 2020.<ref>{{cite web|agency=news1|date=4 October 2020|url=https://www.news1.news/2020/10/minister-gila-gamliel-was-diagnosed-with-coronary-heart-disease.html|title=Minister Gila Gamliel was diagnosed with coronary heart disease}}</ref> It was later claimed that Gamliel violated lockdown rules by traveling further than 1&nbsp;km to her in-laws' house for [[Yom Kippur]] and attending synagogue there. She did not reveal this information during her epidemiological investigation, instead claiming she had been infected by her driver.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=5 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=Israeli Minister Violates Lockdown, Contracts COVID-19 and Tries to Cover It Up}}</ref>
Environmental Protection Minister [[Gila Gamliel]] tested positive on 3 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=news1|date=4 October 2020|url=https://www.news1.news/2020/10/minister-gila-gamliel-was-diagnosed-with-coronary-heart-disease.html|title=Minister Gila Gamliel was diagnosed with coronary heart disease}}</ref> It was later claimed that Gamliel violated lockdown rules by traveling further than 1&nbsp;km to her in-laws' house for Yom Kippur and attending synagogue there. She did not reveal this information during her epidemiological investigation, instead claiming she had been infected by her driver.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Haaretz|date=5 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=Israeli Minister Violates Lockdown, Contracts COVID-19 and Tries to Cover It Up}}</ref>


[[Knesset]] member [[Ayman Odeh]] tested positive on 4 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=4 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=יו"ר הרשימה המשותפת איימן עודה נדבק בקורונה}}</ref>
Knesset member [[Ayman Odeh]] tested positive on 4 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=4 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=יו"ר הרשימה המשותפת איימן עודה נדבק בקורונה}}</ref>


[[Knesset]] member [[Moshe Abutbul (politician)|Moshe Abutbul]] tested positive on 5 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=5 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=ח"כ משה אבוטבול מש"ס נדבק בקורונה}}</ref>
[[Knesset]] member [[Moshe Abutbul (politician)|Moshe Abutbul]] tested positive on 5 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=Ynet|date=5 October 2020|url=https://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-8,00.html|title=ח"כ משה אבוטבול מש"ס נדבק בקורונה}}</ref>


Former [[Shin Bet]] Deputy Director [[Itzhak Ilan]] died of the virus on 16 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/former-shin-bet-deputy-director-yitzhak-ilan-died-from-corona-at-64-645924|title=Former Shin Bet deputy director Yitzhak Ilan died from COVID-19 at 64}}</ref>
Former Shin Bet Deputy Director [[Itzhak Ilan]] died of the virus on 16 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 October 2020|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/former-shin-bet-deputy-director-yitzhak-ilan-died-from-corona-at-64-645924|title=Former Shin Bet deputy director Yitzhak Ilan died from COVID-19 at 64}}</ref>


Actor [[Yehuda Barkan]] died of the virus on 23 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 24 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/actor-and-director-yehuda-barkan-dies-from-coronavirus-646798|title=Actor and director Yehuda Barkan dies from coronavirus}}</ref>
Actor [[Yehuda Barkan]] died of the virus on 23 October 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date = 24 October 2020|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/actor-and-director-yehuda-barkan-dies-from-coronavirus-646798|title=Actor and director Yehuda Barkan dies from coronavirus}}</ref>
Line 412: Line 411:
Minister of Regional Cooperation [[Ofir Akunis]] tested positive on 9 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=9 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-contracts-virus-amid-warnings-that-infection-rates-may-rebound/|title=Minister contracts virus amid warnings that infection rates may rebound}}</ref>
Minister of Regional Cooperation [[Ofir Akunis]] tested positive on 9 November 2020.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=9 November 2020|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-contracts-virus-amid-warnings-that-infection-rates-may-rebound/|title=Minister contracts virus amid warnings that infection rates may rebound}}</ref>


[[Knesset]] member [[David Bitan]] tested positive on 7 December 2020, and was later hospitalized.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2020|agency=Ynet|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJMG004Qnw|title=Likud MK David Bitan in intensive care after contracting coronavirus}}</ref>
Knesset member [[David Bitan]] tested positive on 7 December 2020, and was later hospitalized.<ref>{{cite news|date=13 December 2020|agency=Ynet|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/HJMG004Qnw|title=Likud MK David Bitan in intensive care after contracting coronavirus}}</ref>


[[Knesset]] member [[Ya'akov Asher]] tested positive on 20 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2020|agency = The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/utj-mk-yaakov-asher-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-652686|title=UTJ MK Yakov Asher tests positive for coronavirus}}</ref>
Knesset member [[Ya'akov Asher]] tested positive on 20 December 2020.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 December 2020|agency = The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/utj-mk-yaakov-asher-tests-positive-for-coronavirus-652686|title=UTJ MK Yakov Asher tests positive for coronavirus}}</ref>


Former Chief Rabbi [[Yisrael Meir Lau]] tested positive on 17 January 2021, only a few days after receiving the second dose of the vaccine.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=17 January 2021|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/former-ashkenazi-chief-rabbi-yisrael-meir-lau-tests-positive-for-coronavirus/|title=Former Ashkenazi chief rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau tests positive for coronavirus}}</ref>
==Statistics==


Knesset member [[Vladimir Beliak]] tested positive on 14 July 2021.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=14 July 2021|title=Yesh Atid MK contracts COVID, says 'unreasonable' to prevent him voting|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/yesh-atid-mk-contracts-covid-says-unreasonable-to-prevent-him-voting/}}</ref>
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases}}
{{clear}}


[[Natan Sharansky]] and his wife [[Avital Sharansky]] both tested positive on 3 August 2021, despite both being fully vaccinated.<ref>{{cite news|date=7 August 2021|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/natan-sharansky-and-wife-recovering-after-contracting-covid-19/|title=Natan Sharansky and wife recovering after contracting COVID-19}}</ref>
==Graphs==
According to [[Ministry of Health (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Health]].<ref name=info/>


Knesset member [[Ofer Cassif]] tested positive on 9 August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=9 August 2021|agency=Ynet|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/article/hywpv00cjk|title=Joint List alliance MK Ofer Cassif tests positive for COVID}}</ref>
<center>'''New cases per day'''</center>
<div style="max-width: 850px; overflow-x: scroll; direction: rtl;">
{{Graph:Chart
|width=2400
|colors=#F46D43
|showValues=offset:2
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-90
|type=rect
|x=
21 Feb, 22 Feb, 23 Feb, 24 Feb, 25 Feb, 26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb,
1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar,
11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar,
21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar,
1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr, 10 Apr,
11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr,
21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr,
1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May,
11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May,
21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May, 26 May, 27 May, 28 May, 29 May, 30 May, 31 May,
1 Jun, 2 Jun, 3 Jun, 4 Jun, 5 Jun, 6 Jun, 7 Jun, 8 Jun, 9 Jun, 10 Jun,
11 Jun, 12 Jun, 13 Jun, 14 Jun, 15 Jun, 16 Jun, 17 Jun, 18 Jun, 19 Jun, 20 Jun,
21 Jun, 22 Jun, 23 Jun, 24 Jun, 25 Jun, 26 Jun, 27 Jun, 28 Jun, 29 Jun, 30 Jun,
1 Jul, 2 Jul, 3 Jul, 4 Jul, 5 Jul, 6 Jul, 7 Jul, 8 Jul, 9 Jul, 10 Jul,
11 Jul, 12 Jul, 13 Jul, 14 Jul, 15 Jul, 16 Jul, 17 Jul, 18 Jul, 19 Jul, 20 Jul,
21 Jul, 22 Jul, 23 Jul, 24 Jul, 25 Jul, 26 Jul, 27 Jul, 28 Jul, 29 Jul, 30 Jul, 31 Jul,
1 Aug, 2 Aug, 3 Aug, 4 Aug, 5 Aug, 6 Aug, 7 Aug, 8 Aug, 9 Aug, 10 Aug,
11 Aug, 12 Aug, 13 Aug, 14 Aug, 15 Aug, 16 Aug, 17 Aug, 18 Aug, 19 Aug, 20 Aug,
21 Aug, 22 Aug, 23 Aug, 24 Aug, 25 Aug, 26 Aug, 27 Aug, 28 Aug, 29 Aug, 30 Aug, 31 Aug,
1 Sep, 2 Sep, 3 Sep, 4 Sep, 5 Sep, 6 Sep, 7 Sep, 8 Sep, 9 Sep, 10 Sep,
11 Sep, 12 Sep, 13 Sep, 14 Sep, 15 Sep, 16 Sep, 17 Sep, 18 Sep, 19 Sep, 20 Sep,
21 Sep, 22 Sep, 23 Sep, 24 Sep, 25 Sep, 26 Sep, 27 Sep, 28 Sep, 29 Sep, 30 Sep,
1 Oct, 2 Oct, 3 Oct, 4 Oct, 5 Oct, 6 Oct, 7 Oct, 8 Oct, 9 Oct, 10 Oct,
11 Oct, 12 Oct, 13 Oct, 14 Oct, 15 Oct, 16 Oct, 17 Oct, 18 Oct, 19 Oct, 20 Oct,
21 Oct, 22 Oct, 23 Oct, 24 Oct, 25 Oct, 26 Oct, 27 Oct, 28 Oct, 29 Oct, 30 Oct, 31 Oct,
1 Nov, 2 Nov, 3 Nov, 4 Nov, 5 Nov, 6 Nov, 7 Nov, 8 Nov, 9 Nov, 10 Nov,
11 Nov, 12 Nov, 13 Nov, 14 Nov, 15 Nov, 16 Nov, 17 Nov, 18 Nov, 19 Nov, 20 Nov,
21 Nov, 22 Nov, 23 Nov, 24 Nov, 25 Nov, 26 Nov, 27 Nov, 28 Nov, 29 Nov, 30 Nov,
1 Dec, 2 Dec, 3 Dec, 4 Dec, 5 Dec, 6 Dec, 7 Dec, 8 Dec, 9 Dec, 10 Dec,
11 Dec, 12 Dec, 13 Dec, 14 Dec, 15 Dec, 16 Dec, 17 Dec, 18 Dec, 19 Dec, 20 Dec,
21 Dec, 22 Dec, 23 Dec, 24 Dec, 25 Dec, 26 Dec, 27 Dec, 28 Dec, 29 Dec, 30 Dec, 31 Dec,
|yAxisTitle=New cases per day
|y=
1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 3, 0,
1, 5, 3, 0, 2, 4, 4, 9, 4, 33,
19, 22, 35, 29, 39, 73, 94, 118, 136, 168,
210, 254, 352, 423, 425, 520, 433, 480, 532, 547, 738,
696, 719, 597, 428, 583, 451, 377, 338, 343, 359,
345, 552, 438, 399, 311, 296, 298, 291, 276, 299,
282, 225, 276, 248, 159, 83, 128, 159, 82, 142,
116, 57, 27, 53, 32, 65, 61, 33, 19, 29,
39, 23, 39, 22, 12, 5, 15, 27, 22, 15,
17, 19, 5, 13, 22, 50, 40, 77, 113, 29, 87,
100, 121, 97, 142, 127, 78, 140, 179, 173, 240,
191, 184, 149, 136, 198, 300, 271, 302, 310, 160,
173, 345, 452, 487, 516, 464, 398, 385, 757, 786,
972, 1146, 939, 821, 831, 1134, 1390, 1327, 1525, 1409,
1168, 1238, 1720, 1604, 1877, 1939, 1605, 1448, 1016, 1887,
2006, 2044, 1990, 1830, 1112, 1042, 2048, 2125, 1954, 1787, 1362,
625, 708, 1800, 1729, 1690, 1677, 1764, 754, 924, 1704,
1823, 1622, 1643, 1388, 757, 1068, 1650, 1649, 1640, 1487,
1493, 711, 965, 1900, 1956, 1953, 2071, 1832, 910, 1101, 2178,
2252, 3193, 2661, 2623, 1505, 2177, 3388, 3489, 3996, 4161,
3975, 2719, 3175, 4805, 5539, 4574, 5385, 5340, 3809, 2579,
3865, 7021, 7125, 8234, 8390, 5882, 3413, 1159, 4992, 9078,
7731, 7059, 2595, 2938, 5721, 4724, 4165, 3755, 2963, 916,
1646, 3169, 2336, 2117, 1612, 1500, 412, 922, 1517, 1193,
1172, 1032, 849, 246, 607, 884, 887, 723, 644, 680, 228,
658, 788, 845, 769, 570, 691, 212, 534, 719, 675,
764, 836, 761, 292, 625, 873, 829, 796, 771, 773,
422, 762, 959, 857, 1079, 1087, 1031, 582, 1024, 1257,
1199, 1587, 1451, 1516, 1000, 1364, 1860, 1768, 1866, 2006,
1835, 1296, 1729, 2314, 2890, 2853, 2846, 2792, 1886, 3094,
3784, 4376, 4036, 4059, 4011, 2661, 3528, 5517, 5612, 5809, 3519,
}}
</div>


Knesset member [[Gilad Kariv]] tested positive on 10 August 2021 <ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=10 August 2021|title=Labor MK Gilad Kariv diagnosed with COVID-19|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/labor-mk-gilad-kariv-diagnosed-with-covid-19/}}</ref> and was later hospitalized.<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Jerusalem Post|date=17 August 2021|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/mk-gilad-kariv-hospitalized-due-to-coronavirus-676927|title=MK Gilad Kariv hospitalized due to coronavirus}}</ref>
Data is updated by MOH at 09:00 and 21:00 (IST) every day.


Knesset member [[Simcha Rothman]] tested positive on 12 August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=12 August 2021|agency=Yisrael Hayom (Hebrew)|url=https://www.israelhayom.co.il/news/politics/article/3959355/|title=הקורונה חזרה למשכן הכנסת: ח"כ שמחה רוטמן נמצא חיובי}}</ref>
<center>'''Deaths per day'''</center>
<div style="max-width: 850px; overflow-x: scroll; direction: rtl;">
{{Graph:Chart
|width= 2400
|height=
|colors= #000000
|showValues= offset:2
|xAxisTitle= Date of daily report
|xAxisAngle= -90
|type= rect
| x=
21 Feb, 22 Feb, 23 Feb, 24 Feb, 25 Feb, 26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb,
1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar,
11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar,
21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar,
1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr, 10 Apr,
11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr,
21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr,
1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May,
11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May,
21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May, 26 May, 27 May, 28 May, 29 May, 30 May, 31 May,
1 Jun, 2 Jun, 3 Jun, 4 Jun, 5 Jun, 6 Jun, 7 Jun, 8 Jun, 9 Jun, 10 Jun,
11 Jun, 12 Jun, 13 Jun, 14 Jun, 15 Jun, 16 Jun, 17 Jun, 18 Jun, 19 Jun, 20 Jun,
21 Jun, 22 Jun, 23 Jun, 24 Jun, 25 Jun, 26 Jun, 27 Jun, 28 Jun, 29 Jun, 30 Jun,
1 Jul, 2 Jul, 3 Jul, 4 Jul, 5 Jul, 6 Jul, 7 Jul, 8 Jul, 9 Jul, 10 Jul,
11 Jul, 12 Jul, 13 Jul, 14 Jul, 15 Jul, 16 Jul, 17 Jul, 18 Jul, 19 Jul, 20 Jul,
21 Jul, 22 Jul, 23 Jul, 24 Jul, 25 Jul, 26 Jul, 27 Jul, 28 Jul, 29 Jul, 30 Jul, 31 Jul,
1 Aug, 2 Aug, 3 Aug, 4 Aug, 5 Aug, 6 Aug, 7 Aug, 8 Aug, 9 Aug, 10 Aug,
11 Aug, 12 Aug, 13 Aug, 14 Aug, 15 Aug, 16 Aug, 17 Aug, 18 Aug, 19 Aug, 20 Aug,
21 Aug, 22 Aug, 23 Aug, 24 Aug, 25 Aug, 26 Aug, 27 Aug, 28 Aug, 29 Aug, 30 Aug, 31 Aug,
1 Sep, 2 Sep, 3 Sep, 4 Sep, 5 Sep, 6 Sep, 7 Sep, 8 Sep, 9 Sep, 10 Sep,
11 Sep, 12 Sep, 13 Sep, 14 Sep, 15 Sep, 16 Sep, 17 Sep, 18 Sep, 19 Sep, 20 Sep,
21 Sep, 22 Sep, 23 Sep, 24 Sep, 25 Sep, 26 Sep, 27 Sep, 28 Sep, 29 Sep, 30 Sep,
1 Oct, 2 Oct, 3 Oct, 4 Oct, 5 Oct, 6 Oct, 7 Oct, 8 Oct, 9 Oct, 10 Oct,
11 Oct, 12 Oct, 13 Oct, 14 Oct, 15 Oct, 16 Oct, 17 Oct, 18 Oct, 19 Oct, 20 Oct,
21 Oct, 22 Oct, 23 Oct, 24 Oct, 25 Oct, 26 Oct, 27 Oct, 28 Oct, 29 Oct, 30 Oct, 31 Oct,
1 Nov, 2 Nov, 3 Nov, 4 Nov, 5 Nov, 6 Nov, 7 Nov, 8 Nov, 9 Nov, 10 Nov,
11 Nov, 12 Nov, 13 Nov, 14 Nov, 15 Nov, 16 Nov, 17 Nov, 18 Nov, 19 Nov, 20 Nov,
21 Nov, 22 Nov, 23 Nov, 24 Nov, 25 Nov, 26 Nov, 27 Nov, 28 Nov, 29 Nov, 30 Nov,
1 Dec, 2 Dec, 3 Dec, 4 Dec, 5 Dec, 6 Dec, 7 Dec, 8 Dec, 9 Dec, 10 Dec,
11 Dec, 12 Dec, 13 Dec, 14 Dec, 15 Dec, 16 Dec, 17 Dec, 18 Dec, 19 Dec, 20 Dec,
21 Dec, 22 Dec, 23 Dec, 24 Dec, 25 Dec, 26 Dec, 27 Dec, 28 Dec, 29 Dec, 30 Dec, 31 Dec,
|yAxisTitle=Deaths per day
|y1Title= Deaths per day
|yAxisMax = 50
| y=
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,
0, 0, 0, 3, 1, 5, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4,
8, 9, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8, 8, 9, 8,
6, 6, 9, 8, 13, 7, 9, 11, 8, 6,
9, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 6,
4, 3, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 6, 3, 4,
5, 3, 3, 2, 0, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1,
0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0,
3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 4, 2, 0, 1, 1,
0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1,
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 0, 1,
3, 1, 3, 5, 2, 8, 5, 5, 5, 4,
5, 7, 4, 7, 6, 9, 12, 8, 10, 12,
9, 6, 16, 8, 7, 11, 7, 8, 15, 15, 14,
14, 11, 15, 11, 10, 9, 12, 13, 7, 15,
11, 15, 16, 12, 10, 19, 4, 14, 12, 12,
13, 10, 13, 16, 19, 11, 11, 12, 5, 14, 23,
15, 14, 16, 12, 15, 12, 17, 20, 15, 14,
20, 15, 17, 20, 16, 26, 17, 20, 27, 21,
32, 26, 25, 31, 30, 26, 32, 28, 35, 37,
46, 25, 37, 37, 27, 45, 26, 47, 40, 35,
46, 30, 38, 35, 31, 34, 32, 33, 31, 20,
25, 29, 26, 27, 36, 28, 28, 10, 19, 11, 25,
19, 15, 26, 16, 14, 16, 8, 7, 6, 10,
7, 12, 5, 12, 9, 8, 12, 7, 8, 6,
12, 17, 7, 6, 4, 10, 6, 10, 9, 8,
10, 5, 10, 10, 10, 7, 7, 13, 15, 12,
11, 15, 10, 11, 12, 12, 17, 18, 19, 18,
17, 12, 24, 15, 20, 22, 18, 32, 27, 15, 6,
}}
</div>


Knesset member [[Inbar Bezek]] tested positive on 16 August 2021.<ref>{{cite news|date=16 August 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/mk-inbar-bezek-tests-positive-for-covid-19-676836|title=Yesh Atid MK Inbar Bezek tests positive for COVID-19}}</ref>
Data is according to MOH update at 08:00 (IST) every day.
<div style="max-width: 850px; overflow-x: scroll; direction: rtl;">
<center>'''Diagnostic tests per day'''</center>
{{Graph:Chart
|width=2400
|colors=orange
|showValues=offset:2
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-90
|type=rect
|x=
12 Feb, 13 Feb, 14 Feb, 15 Feb, 16 Feb, 17 Feb, 18 Feb, 19 Feb, 20 Feb,
21 Feb, 22 Feb, 23 Feb, 24 Feb, 25 Feb, 26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb,
1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar,
11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar,
21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar,
1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr, 10 Apr,
11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr,
21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr,
1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May,
11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May, 19 May, 20 May,
21 May, 22 May, 23 May, 24 May, 25 May, 26 May, 27 May, 28 May, 29 May, 30 May, 31 May,
1 Jun, 2 Jun, 3 Jun, 4 Jun, 5 Jun, 6 Jun, 7 Jun, 8 Jun, 9 Jun, 10 Jun,
11 Jun, 12 Jun, 13 Jun, 14 Jun, 15 Jun, 16 Jun, 17 Jun, 18 Jun, 19 Jun, 20 Jun,
21 Jun, 22 Jun, 23 Jun, 24 Jun, 25 Jun, 26 Jun, 27 Jun, 28 Jun, 29 Jun, 30 Jun,
1 Jul, 2 Jul, 3 Jul, 4 Jul, 5 Jul, 6 Jul, 7 Jul, 8 Jul, 9 Jul, 10 Jul,
11 Jul, 12 Jul, 13 Jul, 14 Jul, 15 Jul, 16 Jul, 17 Jul, 18 Jul, 19 Jul, 20 Jul,
21 Jul, 22 Jul, 23 Jul, 24 Jul, 25 Jul, 26 Jul, 27 Jul, 28 Jul, 29 Jul, 30 Jul, 31 Jul,
1 Aug, 2 Aug, 3 Aug, 4 Aug, 5 Aug, 6 Aug, 7 Aug, 8 Aug, 9 Aug, 10 Aug,
11 Aug, 12 Aug, 13 Aug, 14 Aug, 15 Aug, 16 Aug, 17 Aug, 18 Aug, 19 Aug, 20 Aug,
21 Aug, 22 Aug, 23 Aug, 24 Aug, 25 Aug, 26 Aug, 27 Aug, 28 Aug, 29 Aug, 30 Aug, 31 Aug,
1 Sep, 2 Sep, 3 Sep, 4 Sep, 5 Sep, 6 Sep, 7 Sep, 8 Sep, 9 Sep, 10 Sep,
11 Sep, 12 Sep, 13 Sep, 14 Sep, 15 Sep, 16 Sep, 17 Sep, 18 Sep, 19 Sep, 20 Sep,
21 Sep, 22 Sep, 23 Sep, 24 Sep, 25 Sep, 26 Sep, 27 Sep, 28 Sep, 29 Sep, 30 Sep,
1 Oct, 2 Oct, 3 Oct, 4 Oct, 5 Oct, 6 Oct, 7 Oct, 8 Oct, 9 Oct, 10 Oct,
11 Oct, 12 Oct, 13 Oct, 14 Oct, 15 Oct, 16 Oct, 17 Oct, 18 Oct, 19 Oct, 20 Oct,
21 Oct, 22 Oct, 23 Oct, 24 Oct, 25 Oct, 26 Oct, 27 Oct, 28 Oct, 29 Oct, 30 Oct, 31 Oct,
1 Nov, 2 Nov, 3 Nov, 4 Nov, 5 Nov, 6 Nov, 7 Nov, 8 Nov, 9 Nov, 10 Nov,
11 Nov, 12 Nov, 13 Nov, 14 Nov, 15 Nov, 16 Nov, 17 Nov, 18 Nov, 19 Nov, 20 Nov,
21 Nov, 22 Nov, 23 Nov, 24 Nov, 25 Nov, 26 Nov, 27 Nov, 28 Nov, 29 Nov, 30 Nov,
1 Dec, 2 Dec, 3 Dec, 4 Dec, 5 Dec, 6 Dec, 7 Dec, 8 Dec, 9 Dec, 10 Dec,
11 Dec, 12 Dec, 13 Dec, 14 Dec, 15 Dec, 16 Dec, 17 Dec, 18 Dec, 19 Dec, 20 Dec,
21 Dec, 22 Dec, 23 Dec, 24 Dec, 25 Dec, 26 Dec,
| yAxisTitle=Daily tests
| y=
35, 35, 30, 3, 23, 41, 46, 34, 29,
28, 13, 56, 74, 108, 108, 171, 118, 158,
178, 170, 227, 128, 165, 274, 324, 417, 515, 495,
376, 594, 689, 611, 1125, 1321, 1566, 1990, 1983, 2231,
2066, 3219, 3500, 4640, 5787, 6283, 5584, 5535, 7237, 6822, 7531,
8578, 9469, 9779, 5988, 8777, 6769, 6176, 4948, 5002, 6327,
5763, 8524, 9187, 10965, 7799, 11209, 9972, 8960, 9997, 13295,
11635, 11772, 12259, 10477, 7357, 7342, 9383, 8815, 7393, 8593,
9221, 4761, 7400, 7954, 7687, 8546, 9130, 7187, 3508, 4410,
7827, 6681, 7525, 7679, 5073, 1343, 4219, 6797, 6502, 5620,
5601, 4615, 670, 3439, 4850, 6514, 6442, 5030, 1803, 1041, 5499,
7907, 11577, 13042, 14728, 16351, 11442, 14891, 14488, 14867, 18166,
15564, 12879, 6847, 8635, 14109, 15924, 15638, 16940, 12448, 5778,
8909, 13460, 19162, 17869, 17979, 16120, 10051, 9890, 20258, 20148,
20829, 24264, 20464, 16701, 20276, 24748, 27699, 28594, 28903, 24765,
19246, 20292, 27477, 29978, 27917, 28453, 23581, 18212, 17815, 24492,
26766, 25715, 29284, 22697, 14636, 11427, 27244, 25769, 25455, 21222, 22141,
7456, 9618, 22552, 25089, 24893, 27840, 24532, 8136, 11543, 23375,
26573, 25293, 27814, 20083, 8864, 11621, 24894, 26781, 27240, 27849,
26363, 10519, 12607, 28801, 32818, 33072, 35196, 22356, 10171, 12911, 30653,
27526, 34577, 33979, 30738, 15292, 18725, 40015, 44399, 45109, 47381,
42788, 29784, 33875, 46282, 56307, 52958, 57461, 53235, 41773, 23511,
33430, 61076, 57736, 66156, 61217, 45055, 24193, 7691, 33169, 67666,
63658, 59831, 23505, 24842, 49707, 44742, 46505, 47187, 35207, 12295,
21289, 44326, 42427, 38664, 35522, 32943, 14218, 26032, 39808, 40542,
41442, 33721, 29273, 6311, 20717, 39306, 40148, 33877, 36349, 31715, 7714,
21848, 34498, 40194, 38691, 34468, 30730, 8077, 21486, 34389, 40543,
39517, 39326, 35033, 12655, 23302, 47860, 55454, 45652, 55163, 43223,
15605, 34314, 52500, 58726, 59641, 53377, 47971, 17182, 39519, 57530,
63977, 71283, 64175, 60401, 25364, 42055, 66087, 69142, 73861, 76332,
75688, 43994, 50502, 72201, 82301, 82475, 79119, 75412, 60965, 72065,
92303, 93424, 97681, 100681, 85279, 51532,
| yGrid=1
| xGrid=0
}}
</div>


Knesset member [[Itamar Ben-Gvir]] tested positive on 16 August 2021<ref>{{cite news|date=16 August 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/otzma-yehudit-head-itamar-ben-gvir-infected-with-coronavirus-676865|title=Otzma Yehudit head Itamar Ben-Gvir infected with coronavirus}}</ref> and was later hospitalized.<ref>{{cite news|date=21 August 2021|agency=The Jerusalem Post|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/mk-ben-gvir-hospitalized-due-to-covid-19-677321|title=MK Itamar Ben-Gvir hospitalized due to COVID-19}}</ref>
<center>'''Vaccines per day'''</center>
{{Graph:Chart
|width=
|colors=palegreen
|showValues=offset:2
|xAxisTitle=Date
|xAxisAngle=-90
|type=rect
|x=
19 Dec,
20 Dec, 21 Dec, 22 Dec, 23 Dec, 24 Dec, 25 Dec, 26 Dec,
27 Dec, 28 Dec, 29 Dec, 30 Dec,
| yAxisTitle=Daily tests
|yAxisMax = 200000
| y=
5,
6600, 23000, 44657, 60500, 74056, 38700, 32000,
98916, 115427, 151986, 150622,
| yGrid=1
| xGrid=0
}}


During the fifth wave, many Israeli politicians tested positive, including Knessent members [[Michael Biton]],<ref>{{cite news|agency=The Times of Israel|date=2 January 2022|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/knesset-member-tests-positive-for-covid-19/|title=Knesset member tests positive for COVID-19}}</ref> [[Moshe Tur-Paz]], [[Alex Kushnir]],<ref>{{cite news|date=15 January 2022|agency=The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/2-more-mks-test-positive-for-covid/|title=2 more MKs test positive for COVID}}</ref> and [[Dudi Amsalem]],<ref>{{cite news|agency=7 Israel National News|date=16 January 2022|url=https://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/320533|title=2 more MKs test positive for COVID}}</ref> Foreign Minister [[Yair Lapid]], and Finance Minister [[Avigdor Liberman]].<ref>{{cite news|agency=i24 News|date=15 January 2022|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/israel/1642262821-israel-s-finance-minister-liberman-tests-positive-for-covid|title=Israel's finance minister Liberman tests positive for Covid}}</ref>
<center>'''Fatality Rate (Percents)'''</center>

{{Graph:Chart
==Remote work==
| type=line
Rachel Gould and M. Kate Gallagher have researched the ways in which COVID-19 has altered Israeli life, specifically when considering [[remote work]]. In an article in The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, they lay out the advantages and disadvantages of WFH. In Israeli society specifically, they state, Israeli work periods are much more focused on hours, rather than completing tasks.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1080/23739770.2020.1816393 |title=We Can do Better: Opportunities to Adopt a New Economic Paradigm in the Wake of the Covid-19 Pandemic |year=2020 |last1=Gould |first1=Rachel |last2=Gallagher |first2=M. Kate|journal=Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs |volume=14 |issue=2|pages=275–287|s2cid=225141982 |doi-access=}}</ref> In order to see if this hours-based approach carries to attitudes in [[remote work]], Gould and Gallagher set up an experimental-research approach and found that two-thirds of Israelis felt that [[remote work]] was just as effective as working in an office. This WFH phenomena did not only "increase productivity and satisfaction", but it changed the rigidity of the Israeli work schedule and adapted the system to have more flexibility. This change has great implications when considering Israeli's innovation and increasing "global clout", which Gould and Gallagher predict will continue to grow as the work system changes. However, they caution that in order to keep increasing innovation and efficiency, Israel's work force must prioritize climate change and investment to clean energy.
| linewidth=1

| width=850
==Statistics==
| height=200

| showValues=1
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel medical cases}}
| xAxisTitle=Date
{{clear}}
| xAxisAngle=-90

| yAxisMin=0.5
===Graphs===
|xType = date
According to Israel Ministry of Health.<ref name=info/>
|x=21 Feb, 22 Feb, 23 Feb, 24 Feb, 25 Feb, 26 Feb, 27 Feb, 28 Feb, 29 Feb, 1 Mar, 2 Mar, 3 Mar, 4 Mar, 5 Mar, 6 Mar, 7 Mar, 8 Mar, 9 Mar, 10 Mar, 11 Mar, 12 Mar, 13 Mar, 14 Mar, 15 Mar, 16 Mar, 17 Mar, 18 Mar, 19 Mar, 20 Mar, 21 Mar, 22 Mar, 23 Mar, 24 Mar, 25 Mar, 26 Mar, 27 Mar, 28 Mar, 29 Mar, 30 Mar, 31 Mar, 1 Apr, 2 Apr, 3 Apr, 4 Apr, 5 Apr, 6 Apr, 7 Apr, 8 Apr, 9 Apr, 10 Apr, 11 Apr, 12 Apr, 13 Apr, 14 Apr, 15 Apr, 16 Apr, 17 Apr, 18 Apr, 19 Apr, 20 Apr, 21 Apr, 22 Apr, 23 Apr, 24 Apr, 25 Apr, 26 Apr, 27 Apr, 28 Apr, 29 Apr, 30 Apr, 1 May, 2 May, 3 May, 4 May, 5 May, 6 May, 7 May, 8 May, 9 May, 10 May, 11 May, 12 May, 13 May, 14 May, 15 May, 16 May, 17 May, 18 May
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel new cases chart}}
| yAxisTitle=Fatality Rate
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel new deaths chart}}
| y=0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.12, 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.15, 0.2, 0.27, 0.35, 0.31, 0.27, 0.3, 0.35, 0.33, 0.41, 0.47, 0.51, 0.53, 0.56, 0.62, 0.72, 0.77, 0.87, 0.88, 0.89, 0.92, 0.95, 0.99, 1.08, 1.11, 1.16, 1.23, 1.22, 1.25, 1.27, 1.27, 1.27, 1.29, 1.29, 1.31, 1.33, 1.35, 1.39, 1.39, 1.41, 1.43, 1.44, 1.46, 1.46, 1.46, 1.49, 1.5, 1.52, 1.56, 1.57, 1.59, 1.59, 1.6, 1.61, 1.63, 1.65
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel new tests chart}}
| yGrid=1
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel vaccines chart}}
| xGrid=0
{{COVID-19 pandemic data/Israel fatality rate chart}}
}}


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[2020 in Israel]]
* [[2021 in Israel]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]
* [[COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory]]
* [[2020 in Israel]]
* [[Health in Israel]]
* [[Health in Israel]]

{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Israel|Medicine|Viruses}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 719: Line 462:
;Government
;Government
* [https://www.gov.il/en/departments/topics/corona-gov Coronavirus]. Israel's government website
* [https://www.gov.il/en/departments/topics/corona-gov Coronavirus]. Israel's government website
* [https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus-en/ The Novel Coronavirus]. [[Ministry of Health (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Health]]
* [https://govextra.gov.il/ministry-of-health/corona/corona-virus-en/ The Novel Coronavirus]. Israel Ministry of Health
* [https://www.health.gov.il/English/Topics/Diseases/corona/Pages/default.aspx COVID-19]. [[Ministry of Health (Israel)|Israel Ministry of Health]]
* [https://www.gov.il/en/departments/topics/corona-main-sub Coronavirus]. Israel Ministry of Health
* {{Telegram |s/MOHreport |Ministry of Health coronavirus updates}} {{in lang|he}}
* {{Telegram |s/MOHreport |Ministry of Health coronavirus updates}} {{in lang|he}}


;Other
;Other
* [https://covid19.who.int/region/euro/country/il Israel COVID-19 dashboard]. World Health Organization
* [https://www.science.co.il/medical/coronavirus/Statistics.php Graph of total confirmed cases of coronavirus infection and the number of deaths (updated daily).]
* [https://www.science.co.il/medical/coronavirus/Statistics-log.php Total cases of COVID-19 graphed on a logarithmic scale.]
* [https://www.science.co.il/medical/coronavirus/Cases_largest_cities.php Time course of COVID-19 spread in the largest cities of Israel]
* [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/israel/ Coronavirus in Israel statistics]. [[Worldometer]]
* [https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/israel/ Coronavirus in Israel statistics]. [[Worldometer]]
* [https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/region/israel Israel – COVID-19 Overview]. [[Johns Hopkins University]]
* [https://www.jpost.com/coronavirus Coronavirus news]. ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''
* [https://www.jpost.com/coronavirus Coronavirus news]. ''[[The Jerusalem Post]]''
* [https://www.science.co.il/medical/coronavirus/Statistics.php Graph of total confirmed cases and deaths]. Israel Science and Technology Directory
* [https://epiforecasts.io/covid/posts/national/israel/ Estimates for Israel] by the [[London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine]]
* [https://clear-map.com/il COVID-19 Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703035630/https://clear-map.com/il |date=3 July 2020 }}
* [[Wikiversity:COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Israel]]


{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{COVID-19 pandemic}}
{{Portal bar|COVID-19|Israel}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:COVID-19 pandemic in Israel}}
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Israel| ]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Israel| ]]
[[Category:2020 in Israel]]
[[Category:2021 in Israel]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Israel]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic by country|Israel]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|Israel]]
[[Category:COVID-19 pandemic in Asia|Israel]]
[[Category:2020 in Israel|Coronavirus pandemic]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Israel]]
[[Category:Disease outbreaks in Israel]]

Latest revision as of 02:06, 25 October 2024

COVID-19 pandemic in Israel
Magen David Adom worker dressed in protective gear walks beside a mobile intensive care unit
DiseaseCOVID-19
Virus strainSARS‑CoV‑2
LocationIsrael
First outbreakWuhan, Hubei, China
Index caseRamat Gan
Arrival date21 February 2020
(4 years, 9 months ago)
Confirmed cases4,699,229[1]
Active cases8,101[1]
Severe cases107[1]
Recovered4,677,942[1]
Deaths
11,801[1]
Fatality rate0.25%[2]
Government website

The COVID-19 pandemic in Israel (Hebrew: מגפת הקורונה בישראל, lit. 'The corona pandemic in Israel') is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case in Israel was confirmed on 21 February 2020, when a female citizen tested positive for COVID-19 at the Sheba Medical Center after return from quarantine on the Diamond Princess ship in Japan.[3] As a result, a 14-day home isolation rule was instituted for anyone who had visited South Korea or Japan, and a ban was placed on non-residents and non-citizens who were in South Korea for 14 days before their arrival.[4]

Beginning on 11 March 2020, Israel began enforcing social distancing and other rules to limit the spread of infection. Gatherings were first restricted to no more than 100 people,[5] and on 15 March this figure was lowered to 10 people, with attendees advised to keep a distance of 2 m (6 ft 7 in) between one another.[6] On 19 March, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared a national state of emergency, saying that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services—including food stores, pharmacies, and banks—would remain open. Restrictions on movement were further tightened on 25 March and 1 April, with everyone instructed to cover their noses and mouths outdoors. As coronavirus diagnoses spiked in the city of Bnei Brak, reaching nearly 1,000 infected people at the beginning of April,[7] the cabinet voted to declare the city a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit for a period of one week. Coinciding with the Passover Seder on the night of 8 April, lawmakers ordered a 3-day travel ban and mandated that Israelis stay within 100 m (330 ft) of their home on the night of the Seder. On 12 April, Haredi neighborhoods in Jerusalem were placed under closure.

On 20 March 2020, an 88-year-old Holocaust survivor in Jerusalem who had previous illnesses was announced as the country's first casualty.[8][9] The pandemic occurred during the 2019–2022 Israeli political crisis and had a significant political impact.[10][11][12] All restrictions in Israel were removed throughout the spring of 2021, later reintroducing face mask requirements.[13] Restrictions on non-citizens entering the country remained until January 2022.

Israel Shield, the country's national program to combat the pandemic, was established in July 2020.[14] As of June 2021, it is led by Salman Zarka, a position known as the "COVID czar".[15][16]

Timeline

[edit]

First wave: February to May 2020

[edit]
COVID-19 cases in Israel  (
)
     Deaths        Recoveries        Active cases
202020202021202120222022
FebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMayJunJunJulJulAugAugSepSepOctOctNovNovDecDec
JanJanFebFebMarMarAprAprMayMay
Last 15 daysLast 15 days
Date
# of cases
# of deaths
2020-02-21 8(n.a.) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-22 8(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-23 8(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-24 9(+1) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-25 9(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-26 9(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-27 10(+1) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-28 13(+3) 0(n.a.)
2020-02-29 13(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-01 14(+1) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-02 19(+5) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-03 22(+3) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-04 22(=) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-05 31(+9) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-06 35(+4) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-07 39(+4) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-08 48(+9) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-09 52(+4) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-10
85(+33) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-11
103(+18) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-12
126(+23) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-13
161(+35) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-14
190(+29) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-15
230(+40) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-16
303(+73) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-17
397(+94) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-18
522(+125) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-19
657(+135) 0(n.a.)
2020-03-20
825(+168) 1(n.a.)
2020-03-21
1,034(+209) 1(=)
2020-03-22
1,286(+252) 1(=)
2020-03-23
1,635(+349) 1(=)
2020-03-24
2,053(+418) 4(+3)
2020-03-25
2,476(+423) 5(+1)
2020-03-26
2,995(+519) 10(+5)
2020-03-27
3,426(+431) 12(+2)
2020-03-28
3,902(+476) 13(+1)
2020-03-29
4,430(+528) 16(+3)
2020-03-30
4,979(+549) 17(+1)
2020-03-31
5,716(+737) 21(+4)
2020-04-01
6,409(+693) 29(+8)
2020-04-02
7,133(+724) 38(+9)
2020-04-03
7,733(+600) 43(+5)
2020-04-04
8,160(+427) 49(+6)
2020-04-05
8,744(+584) 56(+7)
2020-04-06
9,193(+449) 64(+8)
2020-04-07
9,569(+376) 72(+8)
2020-04-08
9,909(+340) 80(+8)
2020-04-09
10,249(+340) 89(+9)
2020-04-10
10,604(+355) 97(+8)
2020-04-11
10,946(+342) 103(+6)
2020-04-12
11,497(+551) 109(+6)
2020-04-13
11,934(+437) 118(+9)
2020-04-14
12,328(+394) 126(+8)
2020-04-15
12,633(+305) 139(+13)
2020-04-16
12,929(+296) 146(+7)
2020-04-17
13,226(+297) 155(+9)
2020-04-18
13,514(+288) 166(+11)
2020-04-19
13,788(+274) 174(+8)
2020-04-20
14,085(+297) 180(+6)
2020-04-21
14,364(+279) 190(+10)
2020-04-22
14,590(+226) 193(+3)
2020-04-23
14,864(+274) 197(+4)
2020-04-24
15,114(+250) 200(+3)
2020-04-25
15,273(+159) 203(+3)
2020-04-26
15,355(+82) 205(+2)
2020-04-27
15,482(+127) 209(+4)
2020-04-28
15,643(+161) 214(+5)
2020-04-29
15,725(+82) 220(+6)
2020-04-30
15,868(+143) 226(+6)
2020-05-01
15,984(+116) 230(+4)
2020-05-02
16,041(+57) 233(+3)
2020-05-03
16,067(+26) 236(+3)
2020-05-04
16,122(+55) 239(+3)
2020-05-05
16,155(+33) 241(+2)
2020-05-06
16,220(+65) 242(+1)
2020-05-07
16,281(+61) 243(+1)
2020-05-08
16,314(+33) 249(+6)
2020-05-09
16,334(+20) 252(+3)
2020-05-10
16,363(+29) 256(+4)
2020-05-11
16,402(+39) 261(+5)
2020-05-12
16,425(+23) 264(+3)
2020-05-13
16,464(+39) 267(+3)
2020-05-14
16,486(+22) 270(+3)
2020-05-15
16,498(+12) 270(=)
2020-05-16
16,503(+5) 273(+3)
2020-05-17
16,518(+15) 277(+4)
2020-05-18
16,545(+27) 280(+3)
2020-05-19
16,567(+22) 282(+2)
2020-05-20
16,582(+15) 283(+1)
2020-05-21
16,600(+18) 283(=)
2020-05-22
16,619(+19) 283(=)
2020-05-23
16,624(+5) 283(=)
2020-05-24
16,637(+13) 284(+1)
2020-05-25
16,659(+22) 286(+2)
2020-05-26
16,709(+50) 286(=)
2020-05-27
16,749(+40) 288(+2)
2020-05-28
16,826(+77) 289(+1)
2020-05-29
16,939(+113) 289(=)
2020-05-30
16,968(+29) 289(=)
2020-05-31
17,055(+87) 289(=)
2020-06-01
17,155(+100) 292(+3)
2020-06-02
17,277(+122) 294(+2)
2020-06-03
17,373(+96) 295(+1)
2020-06-04
17,515(+142) 295(=)
2020-06-05
17,642(+127) 296(+1)
2020-06-06
17,720(+78) 300(+4)
2020-06-07
17,860(+140) 302(+2)
2020-06-08
18,039(+179) 302(=)
2020-06-09
18,213(+174) 303(+1)
2020-06-10
18,454(+241) 304(+1)
2020-06-11
18,647(+193) 304(=)
2020-06-12
18,831(+184) 304(=)
2020-06-13
18,980(+149) 305(+1)
2020-06-14
19,117(+137) 307(+2)
2020-06-15
19,317(+200) 307(=)
2020-06-16
19,614(+297) 308(+1)
2020-06-17
19,882(+268) 308(=)
2020-06-18
20,185(+303) 308(=)
2020-06-19
20,496(+311) 309(+1)
2020-06-20
20,656(+160) 310(+1)
2020-06-21
20,830(+174) 310(=)
2020-06-22
21,174(+344) 311(+1)
2020-06-23
21,626(+452) 313(+2)
2020-06-24
22,111(+485) 316(+3)
2020-06-25
22,627(+516) 320(+4)
2020-06-26
23,091(+464) 323(+3)
2020-06-27
23,488(+397) 326(+3)
2020-06-28
23,871(+383) 328(+2)
2020-06-29
24,630(+759) 328(=)
2020-06-30
25,419(+789) 329(+1)
2020-07-01
26,385(+966) 332(+3)
2020-07-02
27,539(+1,154) 333(+1)
2020-07-03
28,480(+941) 336(+3)
2020-07-04
29,299(+819) 341(+5)
2020-07-05
30,124(+825) 343(+2)
2020-07-06
31,252(+1,128) 351(+8)
2020-07-07
32,635(+1,383) 356(+5)
2020-07-08
33,964(+1,329) 361(+5)
2020-07-09
35,484(+1,520) 366(+5)
2020-07-10
36,889(+1,405) 370(+4)
2020-07-11
38,057(+1,168) 375(+5)
2020-07-12
39,293(+1,236) 382(+7)
2020-07-13
41,009(+1,716) 386(+4)
2020-07-14
42,610(+1,601) 393(+7)
2020-07-15
44,483(+1,873) 399(+6)
2020-07-16
46,419(+1,936) 408(+9)
2020-07-17
48,020(+1,601) 420(+12)
2020-07-18
49,464(+1,444) 428(+8)
2020-07-19
50,480(+1,016) 438(+10)
2020-07-20
52,366(+1,886) 450(+12)
2020-07-21
54,370(+2,004) 459(+9)
2020-07-22
56,409(+2,039) 465(+6)
2020-07-23
58,396(+1,987) 481(+16)
2020-07-24
60,220(+1,824) 489(+8)
2020-07-25
61,330(+1,110) 496(+7)
2020-07-26
62,370(+1,040) 507(+11)
2020-07-27
64,418(+2,048) 514(+7)
2020-07-28
66,538(+2,120) 522(+8)
2020-07-29
68,495(+1,957) 537(+15)
2020-07-30
70,281(+1,786) 552(+15)
2020-07-31
71,640(+1,359) 566(+14)
2020-08-01
72,262(+622) 580(+14)
2020-08-02
72,970(+708) 592(+12)
2020-08-03
74,769(+1,799) 607(+15)
2020-08-04
76,493(+1,724) 618(+11)
2020-08-05
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2020-08-06
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2020-08-07
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2020-08-08
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2020-08-09
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2020-08-10
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2020-08-11
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2020-08-12
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2020-08-13
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2020-08-14
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2020-08-15
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2020-08-16
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2020-08-17
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2020-08-18
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2020-08-19
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2020-08-20
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2020-08-21
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2020-08-22
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2020-08-23
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2020-08-24
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2020-08-25
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2020-08-26
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2020-08-27
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2020-08-28
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2020-08-29
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2020-08-30
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2020-08-31
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2020-09-01
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2020-09-02
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2020-09-03
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2020-09-04
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2020-09-05
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2020-09-06
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2020-09-07
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2020-09-08
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2020-09-09
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2020-09-10
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2020-09-11
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2020-09-12
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2020-09-13
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2020-09-14
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2020-09-15
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2020-09-16
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2020-09-17
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2020-09-18
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2020-09-19
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2020-09-20
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2020-09-21
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2020-09-22
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2020-09-23
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2020-09-24
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2020-09-25
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2020-09-26
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2020-09-27
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2020-09-28
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2020-09-29
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2020-09-30
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2020-10-01
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2020-10-02
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2020-10-03
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2020-10-04
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2020-10-05
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2020-10-06
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2020-10-07
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2020-10-08
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2020-10-09
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2020-10-10
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2020-10-11
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2020-10-12
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2020-10-13
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2020-10-14
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2020-10-15
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2020-10-16
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2020-10-17
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2020-10-18
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2020-10-19
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2020-10-20
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2020-10-21
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2020-10-22
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2020-10-23
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2020-10-24
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2020-10-25
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2020-10-26
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2020-10-27
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2020-10-28
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2020-10-29
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2020-10-30
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2020-10-31
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2020-11-01
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2020-11-02
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2020-11-03
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2020-11-04
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2020-11-05
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2020-11-06
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2020-11-07
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2020-11-08
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2020-11-09
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2020-11-10
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2020-11-11
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2020-11-12
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2020-11-13
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2020-11-14
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2020-11-15
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2020-11-16
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2020-11-17
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2020-11-18
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2020-11-19
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2020-11-20
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2020-11-21
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2020-11-22
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2020-11-23
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2020-11-24
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2020-11-25
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2020-11-26
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2020-11-27
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2020-11-28
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2020-11-29
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2020-11-30
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2020-12-01
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2020-12-02
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2020-12-03
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2020-12-04
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2020-12-05
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2020-12-06
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2020-12-07
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2020-12-08
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2020-12-09
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2020-12-10
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2020-12-11
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2020-12-12
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2020-12-13
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2020-12-14
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2020-12-15
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2020-12-16
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2020-12-17
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2020-12-18
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2020-12-19
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2020-12-20
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2020-12-21
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2020-12-22
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2020-12-23
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2020-12-24
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2020-12-25
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2020-12-26
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2020-12-27
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2020-12-28
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2020-12-29
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2020-12-30
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2020-12-31
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2021-01-01
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2021-01-02
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2021-01-03
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2021-01-04
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2021-01-05
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2021-01-06
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2021-01-07
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2021-01-08
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2021-01-09
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2021-01-10
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2021-01-11
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2021-01-12
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2021-01-13
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2021-01-14
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2021-01-15
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2021-01-16
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2021-01-17
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2021-01-18
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2021-01-19
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2021-01-20
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2021-01-21
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2021-01-22
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2021-01-23
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2021-01-24
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2021-01-25
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2021-01-26
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2021-01-27
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2021-01-28
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2021-01-29
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2021-01-30
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2021-01-31
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2021-02-01
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2021-02-02
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2021-02-03
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2021-02-04
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2021-02-05
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2021-02-06
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2021-02-07
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2021-02-08
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2021-02-09
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2021-02-10
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2021-02-11
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2021-02-12
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2021-02-13
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2021-02-14
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2021-02-15
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2021-02-16
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2021-02-17
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2021-02-18
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2021-02-19
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2021-02-20
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2021-02-21
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2021-02-22
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2021-02-23
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2021-02-24
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2021-02-25
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2021-02-26
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2021-02-27
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2021-02-28
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2021-03-01
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2021-03-02
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2021-03-03
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2021-03-04
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2021-03-05
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2021-03-06
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2021-03-07
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2021-03-10
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2021-03-11
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2021-03-12
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2021-03-13
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2021-03-14
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2021-03-15
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2021-03-16
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2021-03-17
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2021-03-18
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2021-03-19
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2021-03-20
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2021-03-21
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2021-03-22
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2021-03-23
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2021-03-24
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2021-03-25
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2021-03-26
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2021-03-27
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2021-03-28
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2021-03-29
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2021-03-30
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2021-03-31
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2021-04-01
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2021-04-02
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2021-04-03
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2021-04-04
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2021-04-05
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2021-04-06
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2021-04-07
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2021-04-08
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2021-04-09
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2021-04-10
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2021-04-11
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2021-04-12
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2021-04-13
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2021-04-14
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2021-04-15
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2021-04-16
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2021-04-17
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2021-04-18
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2021-04-19
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2021-04-20
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2021-04-21
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2021-04-22
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2021-04-23
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2021-04-24
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2021-04-25
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2021-04-26
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2021-04-27
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2021-04-28
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2021-04-29
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2021-04-30
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2021-05-01
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2021-05-02
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2021-05-03
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2021-05-04
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2021-05-05
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2021-05-06
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2021-05-07
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2021-05-08
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2021-05-09
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2021-05-10
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2021-05-11
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2021-05-12
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2021-05-13
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2021-05-14
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2021-05-15
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2021-05-16
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2021-05-17
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2021-05-18
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2021-05-20
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2021-05-21
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2021-05-22
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2021-05-23
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2021-05-25
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2021-05-26
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2021-05-27
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2021-05-29
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2021-06-06
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2021-06-07
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2021-06-09
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2021-06-10
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2021-06-11
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2021-06-12
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2021-06-14
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2021-06-17
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2021-06-20
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2021-06-21
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2021-06-23
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2021-06-24
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2021-06-25
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2021-06-26
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2021-06-27
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2021-06-28
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2021-06-29
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2021-06-30
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2021-07-03
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2021-07-05
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2021-07-06
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2021-07-09
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2021-07-10
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2021-07-11
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2021-07-12
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2021-07-13
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2021-07-14
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2021-07-15
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2021-07-16
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2021-07-18
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2021-07-19
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2021-07-20
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2021-07-21
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2021-07-22
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2021-07-23
859,278(+1,442) 6,465(=)
2021-07-24
860,250(+972) 6,468(+3)
2021-07-25
861,687(+1,437) 6,472(+4)
2021-07-26
863,821(+2,134) 6,473(+1)
2021-07-27
866,122(+2,301) 6,474(+1)
2021-07-28
868,322(+2,200) 6,480(+6)
2021-07-29
870,502(+2,180) 6,486(+6)
2021-07-30
872,966(+2,464) 6,488(+2)
2021-07-31
875,070(+2,104) 6,493(+5)
2021-08-01
877,195(+2,125) 6,502(+9)
2021-08-02
881,056(+3,861) 6,511(+9)
2021-08-03
884,368(+3,312) 6,521(+10)
2021-08-04
887,877(+3,509) 6,526(+5)
2021-08-05
891,763(+3,886) 6,542(+16)
2021-08-06
895,651(+3,888) 6,556(+14)
2021-08-07
898,586(+2,935) 6,568(+12)
2021-08-08
902,031(+3,445) 6,587(+19)
2021-08-09
908,410(+6,379) 6,598(+11)
2021-08-10
914,269(+5,859) 6,615(+17)
2021-08-11
920,296(+6,027) 6,631(+16)
2021-08-12
926,449(+6,153) 6,650(+19)
2021-08-13
932,424(+5,975) 6,674(+24)
2021-08-14
936,656(+4,232) 6,692(+18)
2021-08-15
941,851(+5,195) 6,712(+20)
2021-08-16
950,644(+8,793) 6,740(+28)
2021-08-17
958,635(+7,991) 6,760(+20)
2021-08-18
966,672(+8,037) 6,782(+22)
2021-08-19
974,511(+7,839) 6,806(+24)
2021-08-20
982,416(+7,905) 6,830(+24)
2021-08-21
987,832(+5,416) 6,855(+25)
2021-08-22
994,425(+6,593) 6,888(+33)
2021-08-23
1,004,536(+10,111) 6,908(+20)
2021-08-24
1,014,621(+10,085) 6,939(+31)
2021-08-25
1,023,866(+9,245) 6,967(+28)
2021-08-26
1,032,990(+9,124) 6,999(+32)
2021-08-27
1,041,688(+8,698) 7,024(+25)
2021-08-28
1,048,967(+7,279) 7,047(+23)
2021-08-29
1,055,757(+6,790) 7,075(+28)
2021-08-30
1,066,912(+11,155) 7,101(+26)
2021-08-31
1,077,359(+10,447) 7,132(+31)
2021-09-01
1,088,660(+11,301) 7,163(+31)
2021-09-02
1,100,004(+11,344) 7,194(+31)
2021-09-03
1,109,916(+9,912) 7,228(+34)
2021-09-04
1,114,982(+5,066) 7,254(+26)
2021-09-05
1,120,849(+5,867) 7,280(+26)
2021-09-06
1,131,719(+10,870) 7,303(+23)
2021-09-07
1,138,584(+6,865) 7,330(+27)
2021-09-08
1,141,904(+3,320) 7,359(+29)
2021-09-09
1,149,863(+7,959) 7,381(+22)
2021-09-10
1,159,762(+9,899) 7,398(+17)
2021-09-11
1,170,053(+10,291) 7,425(+27)
2021-09-12
1,177,861(+7,808) 7,447(+22)
2021-09-13
1,188,814(+10,953) 7,467(+20)
2021-09-14
1,198,671(+9,857) 7,496(+29)
2021-09-15
1,207,536(+8,865) 7,516(+20)
2021-09-16
1,210,822(+3,286) 7,537(+21)
2021-09-17
1,215,846(+5,024) 7,554(+17)
2021-09-18
1,224,465(+8,619) 7,571(+17)
2021-09-19
1,231,020(+6,555) 7,599(+28)
2021-09-20
1,239,848(+8,828) 7,614(+15)
2021-09-21
1,244,675(+4,827) 7,631(+17)
2021-09-22
1,250,700(+6,025) 7,650(+19)
2021-09-23
1,257,152(+6,452) 7,669(+19)
2021-09-24
1,262,142(+4,990) 7,690(+21)
2021-09-25
1,264,795(+2,653) 7,714(+24)
2021-09-26
1,268,668(+3,873) 7,728(+14)
2021-09-27
1,273,914(+5,246) 7,745(+17)
2021-09-28
1,276,355(+2,441) 7,766(+21)
2021-09-29
1,279,990(+3,635) 7,789(+23)
2021-09-30
1,284,387(+4,397) 7,803(+14)
2021-10-01
1,288,009(+3,622) 7,825(+22)
2021-10-02
1,289,748(+1,739) 7,843(+18)
2021-10-03
1,292,448(+2,700) 7,866(+23)
2021-10-04
1,295,726(+3,278) 7,877(+11)
2021-10-05
1,298,282(+2,556) 7,892(+15)
2021-10-06
1,300,709(+2,427) 7,907(+15)
2021-10-07
1,302,828(+2,119) 7,924(+17)
2021-10-08
1,304,852(+2,024) 7,930(+6)
2021-10-09
1,305,892(+1,040) 7,944(+14)
2021-10-10
1,307,382(+1,490) 7,958(+14)
2021-10-11
1,309,725(+2,343) 7,971(+13)
2021-10-12
1,311,541(+1,816) 7,981(+10)
2021-10-13
1,313,313(+1,772) 7,992(+11)
2021-10-14
1,314,658(+1,345) 8,006(+14)
2021-10-15
1,316,233(+1,575) 8,016(+10)
2021-10-16
1,316,973(+740) 8,025(+9)
2021-10-17
1,318,194(+1,221) 8,031(+6)
2021-10-18
1,319,702(+1,508) 8,040(+9)
2021-10-19
1,320,852(+1,150) 8,043(+3)
2021-10-20
1,321,888(+1,036) 8,051(+8)
2021-10-21
1,322,880(+992) 8,058(+7)
2021-10-22
1,323,863(+983) 8,062(+4)
2021-10-23
1,324,195(+332) 8,070(+8)
2021-10-24
1,325,037(+842) 8,076(+6)
2021-10-25
1,325,967(+930) 8,087(+11)
2021-10-26
1,326,696(+729) 8,096(+9)
2021-10-27
1,327,344(+648) 8,101(+5)
2021-10-28
1,328,005(+661) 8,108(+7)
2021-10-29
1,328,622(+617) 8,114(+6)
2021-10-30
1,328,847(+225) 8,117(+3)
2021-10-31
1,329,374(+527) 8,119(+2)
2021-11-01
1,330,065(+691) 8,123(+4)
2021-11-02
1,330,730(+665) 8,126(+3)
2021-11-03
1,331,346(+616) 8,131(+5)
2021-11-04
1,331,865(+519) 8,137(+6)
2021-11-05
1,332,423(+558) 8,138(+1)
2021-11-06
1,332,622(+199) 8,139(+1)
2021-11-07
1,333,123(+501) 8,143(+4)
2021-11-08
1,333,689(+566) 8,146(+3)
2021-11-09
1,334,162(+473) 8,152(+6)
2021-11-10
1,334,660(+498) 8,157(+5)
2021-11-11
1,335,053(+393) 8,160(+3)
2021-11-12
1,335,501(+448) 8,162(+2)
2021-11-13
1,335,726(+225) 8,164(+2)
2021-11-14
1,336,125(+399) 8,164(=)
2021-11-15
1,336,661(+536) 8,169(+5)
2021-11-16
1,337,219(+558) 8,173(+4)
2021-11-17
1,337,702(+483) 8,174(+1)
2021-11-18
1,338,171(+469) 8,177(+3)
2021-11-19
1,338,679(+508) 8,180(+3)
2021-11-20
1,338,916(+237) 8,186(+6)
2021-11-21
1,339,370(+454) 8,187(+1)
2021-11-22
1,340,085(+715) 8,189(+2)
2021-11-23
1,340,688(+603) 8,189(=)
2021-11-24
1,341,231(+543) 8,192(+3)
2021-11-25
1,341,770(+539) 8,195(+3)
2021-11-26
1,342,311(+541) 8,197(+2)
2021-11-27
1,342,480(+169) 8,198(+1)
2021-11-28
1,343,022(+542) 8,201(+3)
2021-11-29
1,343,722(+700) 8,204(+3)
2021-11-30
1,344,299(+577) 8,207(+3)
2021-12-01
1,344,862(+563) 8,208(+1)
2021-12-02
1,345,382(+520) 8,210(+2)
2021-12-03
1,345,868(+486) 8,211(+1)
2021-12-04
1,346,116(+248) 8,213(+2)
2021-12-05
1,346,655(+539) 8,214(+1)
2021-12-06
1,347,394(+739) 8,216(+2)
2021-12-07
1,348,207(+813) 8,219(+3)
2021-12-08
1,348,921(+714) 8,225(+6)
2021-12-09
1,349,568(+647) 8,226(+1)
2021-12-10
1,350,175(+607) 8,228(+2)
2021-12-11
1,350,411(+236) 8,229(+1)
2021-12-12
1,350,903(+492) 8,231(+2)
2021-12-13
1,351,674(+771) 8,235(+4)
2021-12-14
1,352,376(+702) 8,236(+1)
2021-12-15
1,353,165(+789) 8,237(+1)
2021-12-16
1,354,027(+862) 8,238(+1)
2021-12-17
1,354,904(+877) 8,240(+2)
2021-12-18
1,355,297(+393) 8,242(+2)
2021-12-19
1,356,319(+1,022) 8,244(+2)
2021-12-20
1,357,649(+1,330) 8,246(+2)
2021-12-21
1,358,849(+1,200) 8,246(=)
2021-12-22
1,360,264(+1,415) 8,246(=)
2021-12-23
1,361,778(+1,514) 8,247(+1)
2021-12-24
1,363,567(+1,789) 8,248(+1)
2021-12-25
1,364,373(+806) 8,248(=)
2021-12-26
1,366,178(+1,805) 8,250(+2)
2021-12-27
1,369,151(+2,973) 8,253(+3)
2021-12-28
1,372,392(+3,241) 8,254(+1)
2021-12-29
1,376,462(+4,070) 8,256(+2)
2021-12-30
1,381,541(+5,079) 8,256(=)
2021-12-31
1,387,035(+5,494) 8,257(+1)
2022-01-01
1,391,265(+4,230) 8,259(+2)
2022-01-02
1,397,874(+6,609) 8,264(+5)
2022-01-03
1,408,828(+10,954) 8,268(+4)
2022-01-04
1,421,468(+12,640) 8,269(+1)
2022-01-05
1,440,056(+18,588) 8,273(+4)
2022-01-06
1,459,181(+19,125) 8,275(+2)
2022-01-07
1,481,195(+22,014) 8,278(+3)
2022-01-08
1,504,089(+22,894) 8,283(+5)
2022-01-09
1,535,252(+31,163) 8,290(+7)
2022-01-10
1,576,683(+41,431) 8,299(+9)
2022-01-11
1,624,147(+47,464) 8,306(+7)
2022-01-12
1,672,726(+48,579) 8,313(+7)
2022-01-13
1,721,971(+49,245) 8,324(+11)
2022-01-14
1,767,831(+45,860) 8,336(+12)
2022-01-15
1,812,917(+45,086) 8,353(+17)
2022-01-16
1,877,693(+64,776) 8,372(+19)
2022-01-17
1,949,757(+72,064) 8,395(+23)
2022-01-18
2,023,643(+73,886) 8,415(+20)
2022-01-19
2,098,740(+75,097) 8,439(+24)
2022-01-20
2,173,849(+75,109) 8,464(+25)
2022-01-21
2,239,482(+65,633) 8,502(+38)
2022-01-22
2,307,419(+67,937) 8,542(+40)
2022-01-23
2,392,667(+85,248) 8,583(+41)
2022-01-24
2,476,401(+83,734) 8,638(+55)
2022-01-25
2,552,763(+76,362) 8,682(+44)
2022-01-26
2,620,666(+67,903) 8,734(+52)
2022-01-27
2,678,406(+57,740) 8,771(+37)
2022-01-28
2,732,183(+53,777) 8,822(+51)
2022-01-29
2,781,625(+49,442) 8,878(+56)
2022-01-30
2,856,159(+74,534) 8,932(+54)
2022-01-31
2,924,054(+67,895) 8,990(+58)
2022-02-01
2,984,609(+60,555) 9,054(+64)
2022-02-02
3,045,525(+60,916) 9,127(+73)
2022-02-03
3,092,298(+46,773) 9,199(+72)
2022-02-04
3,130,576(+38,278) 9,251(+52)
2022-02-05
3,164,241(+33,665) 9,314(+63)
2022-02-06
3,216,985(+52,744) 9,375(+61)
2022-02-07
3,261,018(+44,033) 9,449(+74)
2022-02-08
3,299,311(+38,293) 9,508(+59)
2022-02-09
3,336,735(+37,424) 9,564(+56)
2022-02-10
3,364,668(+27,933) 9,638(+74)
2022-02-11
3,387,191(+22,523) 9,694(+56)
2022-02-12
3,405,241(+18,050) 9,751(+57)
2022-02-13
3,436,872(+31,631) 9,797(+46)
2022-02-14
3,460,562(+23,690) 9,847(+50)
2022-02-15
3,480,993(+20,431) 9,886(+39)
2022-02-16
3,502,302(+21,309) 9,923(+37)
2022-02-17
3,517,811(+15,509) 9,961(+38)
2022-02-18
3,530,401(+12,590) 9,986(+25)
2022-02-19
3,540,767(+10,366) 10,012(+26)
2022-02-20
3,558,472(+17,705) 10,043(+31)
2022-02-21
3,571,542(+13,070) 10,070(+27)
2022-02-22
3,583,702(+12,160) 10,103(+33)
2022-02-23
3,595,657(+11,955) 10,135(+32)
2022-02-24
3,604,806(+9,149) 10,157(+22)
2022-02-25
3,612,584(+7,778) 10,181(+24)
2022-02-26
3,618,581(+5,997) 10,202(+21)
2022-02-27
3,629,482(+10,901) 10,227(+25)
2022-02-28
3,638,008(+8,526) 10,251(+24)
2022-03-01
3,645,762(+7,754) 10,275(+24)
2022-03-02
3,654,077(+8,315) 10,287(+12)
2022-03-03
3,660,890(+6,813) 10,308(+21)
2022-03-04
3,666,946(+6,056) 10,320(+12)
2022-03-05
3,671,623(+4,677) 10,336(+16)
2022-03-06
3,679,379(+7,756) 10,349(+13)
2022-03-07
3,686,779(+7,400) 10,361(+12)
2022-03-08
3,693,395(+6,616) 10,375(+14)
2022-03-09
3,700,348(+6,953) 10,388(+13)
2022-03-10
3,706,069(+5,721) 10,391(+3)
2022-03-11
3,711,409(+5,340) 10,398(+7)
2022-03-12
3,715,381(+3,972) 10,407(+9)
2022-03-13
3,721,375(+5,994) 10,418(+11)
2022-03-14
3,727,938(+6,563) 10,427(+9)
2022-03-15
3,734,276(+6,338) 10,432(+5)
2022-03-16
3,741,062(+6,786) 10,439(+7)
2022-03-17
3,748,042(+6,980) 10,446(+7)
2022-03-18
3,755,374(+7,332) 10,456(+10)
2022-03-19
3,763,182(+7,808) 10,464(+8)
2022-03-20
3,776,113(+12,931) 10,470(+6)
2022-03-21
3,790,882(+14,769) 10,478(+8)
2022-03-22
3,804,337(+13,455) 10,486(+8)
2022-03-23
3,818,438(+14,101) 10,487(+1)
2022-03-24
3,830,471(+12,033) 10,495(+8)
2022-03-25
3,842,283(+11,812) 10,502(+7)
2022-03-26
3,852,143(+9,860) 10,514(+12)
2022-03-27
3,868,008(+15,865) 10,524(+10)
2022-03-28
3,883,345(+15,337) 10,532(+8)
2022-03-29
3,897,584(+14,239) 10,539(+7)
2022-03-30
3,909,748(+12,164) 10,547(+8)
2022-03-31
3,920,452(+10,704) 10,561(+14)
2022-04-01
3,930,956(+10,504) 10,565(+4)
2022-04-02
3,938,318(+7,362) 10,577(+12)
2022-04-03
3,949,112(+10,794) 10,588(+11)
2022-04-04
3,960,030(+10,918) 10,597(+9)
2022-04-05
3,969,370(+9,340) 10,600(+3)
2022-04-06
3,977,435(+8,065) 10,608(+8)
2022-04-07
3,984,231(+6,796) 10,614(+6)
2022-04-08
3,990,943(+6,712) 10,623(+9)
2022-04-09
3,995,611(+4,668) 10,634(+11)
2022-04-10
4,002,358(+6,747) 10,644(+10)
2022-04-11
4,008,986(+6,628) 10,650(+6)
2022-04-12
4,014,392(+5,406) 10,657(+7)
2022-04-13
4,019,179(+4,787) 10,664(+7)
2022-04-14
4,023,897(+4,718) 10,668(+4)
2022-04-15
4,027,745(+3,848) 10,675(+7)
2022-04-16
4,030,025(+2,280) 10,675(=)
2022-04-17
4,034,124(+4,099) 10,682(+7)
2022-04-18
4,038,414(+4,290) 10,691(+9)
2022-04-19
4,043,026(+4,612) 10,698(+7)
2022-04-20
4,047,095(+4,069) 10,701(+3)
2022-04-21
4,050,888(+3,793) 10,705(+4)
2022-04-22
4,053,361(+2,473) 10,709(+4)
2022-04-23
4,055,908(+2,547) 10,714(+5)
2022-04-24
4,059,878(+3,970) 10,717(+3)
2022-04-25
4,064,333(+4,455) 10,718(+1)
2022-04-26
4,067,762(+3,429) 10,720(+2)
2022-04-27
4,070,281(+2,519) 10,725(+5)
2022-04-28
4,072,935(+2,654) 10,729(+4)
2022-04-29
4,075,369(+2,434) 10,733(+4)
2022-04-30
4,076,985(+1,616) 10,735(+2)
2022-05-01
4,079,331(+2,346) 10,737(+2)
2022-05-02
4,081,777(+2,446) 10,738(+1)
2022-05-03
4,084,196(+2,419) 10,740(+2)
2022-05-04
4,086,205(+2,009) 10,741(+1)
2022-05-05
4,086,666(+461) 10,741(=)
Sources: Israel's Ministry of Health official coronavirus updates Telegram channel, Israel's Corona National Information and Knowledge Center

First cases

[edit]

On 21 February, Israel confirmed the first case of COVID-19. A female Israeli citizen who had flown home from Japan after being quarantined on the Diamond Princess tested positive at Sheba Medical Center.[3] On 23 February, a second former Diamond Princess passenger tested positive, and was admitted to a hospital for isolation.[17]

On 27 February, a man, who had returned from Italy on 23 February, tested positive and was admitted to Sheba Medical Center.[18] On 28 February, his wife also tested positive.[19] On 1 March, a female soldier tested positive for the virus. She had been working at the toy store managed by the same man diagnosed on 27 February.[20] On 3 March, three more cases were confirmed. Two contracted the virus at the same toy store: a middle school student who worked at the store, and a school deputy principal who shopped there. Following this, 1,150 students entered a two-week quarantine. One other person, who had returned from a trip to Italy on 29 February, also tested positive for the virus.[20]

Information campaign

[edit]

The government has set up a multi-lingual website with information and instructions regarding the pandemic. Among the languages: English, Hebrew, Arabic, Russian, Amharic, French, Spanish, Ukrainian, Romanian, Thai, Chinese, Tigrinya, Hindi, Filipino.[21] The government also set up a dashboard where daily statistics can be viewed.[22]

Travel restrictions

[edit]

On 26 January 2020, Israel advised against non-essential travel to China.[23] On 30 January, Israel suspended all flights from China.[24] On 17 February, Israel extended the ban to include arrivals from Thailand, Hong Kong, Macau, and Singapore.[25] On 22 February, a flight from Seoul, South Korea, landed at Ben Gurion Airport. An ad hoc decision was made to allow only Israeli citizens to disembark the plane, and all non-Israeli citizens aboard returned to South Korea.[26] Later, Israel barred the entry of non-residents or non-citizens of Israel who were in South Korea during the 14 days prior to their arrival in Israel.[27] The same directive was applied to those arriving from Japan starting 23 February.[17] On 26 February, Israel issued a travel warning to Italy, and urged cancelling of all travel abroad.[28] By the third week in March, El Al, Israel's national air carrier, responded to a government request to send rescue flights to Peru, India, Australia, Brazil, and Costa Rica to bring home hundreds of Israelis who were stranded around the world due to the worldwide pandemic. On 22 March, 550 Israelis returned from India; a few days before about 1,100 Israeli travelers were repatriated from Peru.[29]

On 21 February, Israel instituted a 14-day home isolation rule for anyone who had been in South Korea or Japan.[17] A number of tourists tested positive after visiting Israel, including members of a group from South Korea,[30] two people from Romania,[31] a group of Greek pilgrims,[32] and a woman from the U.S. State of New York.[33] 200 Israeli students were quarantined after being exposed to a group of religious tourists from South Korea.[17] An additional 1,400 Israelis were quarantined after having traveled abroad.[34] On 9 March, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu declared a mandatory quarantine for all people entering Israel, requiring all entrants to quarantine themselves for 14 days upon entering the country.[35][36] The order was effective immediately for all returning Israelis, and would apply beginning on 13 March for all foreign citizens, who must show that they have arranged for accommodation during their quarantine period.[36]

Social distancing and closures

[edit]
Tiles on supermarket aisle floor. Every seven tiles there is a sticker saying "For the sake of your health, stand here" in Hebrew.
Stickers in supermarket aisles encourage people to distance themselves from one another

On 2 March, the 2020 Israeli legislative election was held. Multiple secluded voting booths were established for 5,630 quarantined Israeli citizens who were eligible to vote.[37] 4,073 citizens voted in the coronavirus-special voting booths. After the election, numerous Israelis were in quarantine.[38] On 10 March, Israel began limiting gatherings to 2,000 people.[39] A day later, on March 11, Israel further limited gatherings to 100 people.[5] On 14 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced new regulations and stated the need to "adopt a new way of life". The Health Ministry posted new regulations, effective 15 March. These included banning gatherings of more than 10 people, and closure of all educational institutions, among them daycare centers, special education, youth movements, and after-school programs. The list of venues required to close included: malls, restaurants, hotel dining rooms, pubs, dance clubs, gyms, pools, beaches, water and amusement parks, zoos and petting zoos, bathhouses and ritual baths for men, beauty and massage salons, event and conference venues, public boats and cable cars, and heritage sites. Take-away restaurants, supermarkets, and pharmacies were to remain open. The pandemic forced many events to be cancelled. Notwithstanding the closure of wedding halls, weddings took place in private homes with the limitation of no more than 10 participants in each room; dancing could take place both indoors and in outdoor courtyards. Weddings were also held on rooftops and yeshiva courtyards. In one case, a Sephardi couple opted to hold their wedding ceremony in an Osher Ad supermarket, which was exempt from the 10-person rule.[40] The Al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock closed to prevent contamination of the holy sites.[41] As a result of the government's directive for citizens to remain at home, there was an increase in calls to domestic violence hotlines, and women's shelters were close to full capacity, both due to new arrivals and to current residents who remained due to the pandemic.[42]

On 9 March, after it was discovered that an employee at the Israeli embassy in Greece had contracted coronavirus and spread it to two family members, it was announced that the embassy was temporarily shutting down.[43] On 12 March, Israel announced that all universities and schools would close until after the Passover (spring) break.[44] After the break, schools remained closed[45] and students learned online. On 3 May, grades one to three were allowed to resume school, with restrictions, and not in all cities. In addition, grades eleven and twelve were allowed to hold revisions for the upcoming Bagrut exams.[46] On 15 March, Justice Minister Amir Ohana expanded his powers and announced that non-urgent court activity would be frozen. As a result, the corruption trial of Prime Minister Netanyahu was postponed from 17 March to 24 May. The Movement for Quality Government in Israel urged the Attorney General to stay the new regulations.[47] On 16 March, the Bank of Israel ordered retail banks to close, but allowed special services to remain open for elderly people.[48] On 22 March, both the open-air Carmel Market in Tel Aviv and the open-air Mahane Yehuda Market in Jerusalem were closed by police.[49][50] Many supermarkets experienced a shortage of eggs caused by panic buying and fear of shutdown.[51]

Medical response

[edit]

As late as 15 March, doctors complained that guidelines for testing were too restrictive.[52] On 16 March, the Health Ministry approved a number of experimental treatments for patients with COVID-19.[53] On 18 March, the Defense Ministry took over purchasing of Corona-related gear.[54] On the same day, the Israel Institute for Biological Research announced that they are working on a COVID-19 vaccine.[55] On 18 March at 6 pm, Israelis across the country applauded from their balconies for two minutes in appreciation of medical workers and first responders battling coronavirus.[56][57] On 29 March, Magen David Adom announced that it will collect blood plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients to treat those most severely affected by the infection.[58] In December 2021, the Israeli Ministry of Health approved the use of Pfizer's Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for treating COVID-19.[59]

Politics

[edit]

The virus begun to rapidly spread after the March 2020 election, and pandemic politics affected Israel's subsequent trajectory. The incumbent PM Benjamin Netanyahu did not win enough seats to form a coalition, and the presidential mandate to form a coalition was given to his contender, Benny Gantz. Facing criminal charges and unable to form a coalition, PM Netanyahu urged the establishment of a National Emergency Government (NEG). Abulof and Le Penne argue that Netanyahu succeeded partly through fearmongering. Suggesting that “If I fall, Israel falls”, Netanyahu compared the COVID-19 crisis to the Holocaust, qualifying “unlike the holocaust, this time – this time, we identified the danger in time,” saying that NEG headed by him is needed “like before the Six-Day War,” to “save the country.”[60]

Netanyahu's pandemic politics brought his party the Likud to reach peak public support (41-43 seats during the first wave of April–May 2020), pushing Gantz to ask Israel's President to transfer the mandate to Netanyahu so that the latter could form, and head, a new government. Overall, Abulof and Le Penne argue, Israel features key factors that could have helped it weather well the COVID-19 crisis: a young population, close or otherwise heavily monitored borders, warm climate, an efficient public health system, hard-earned public resilience, willingness for mass mobilization, high-tech capacities (to help gather and spread information), and meager reliance on tourism.[60]

Mobile phone tracking

[edit]

On 15 March, the Israeli government proposed allowing the Israel Security Agency (ISA) to track the prior movements of people diagnosed with coronavirus through their mobile phones.[61] The security service would not require a court order for its surveillance. The stated goal of the measure was to identify people with whom infected individuals came into contact in the two weeks prior to their diagnosis, and to dispatch text messages informing those people that they must enter the 14-day self-quarantine. The security measure was to be in place for only 30 days after approval by a Knesset subcommittee, and all records were to be deleted after that point. Critics branded the proposal an invasion of privacy and civil liberties.[62][63]

On 17 March, at 1:30 AM, a Knesset committee approved the contact-tracing program,[64] making Israel the only country in the world to use its internal security agency (Shin Bet) to track citizens' geolocations.[65][61] Within the first two days, the Ministry of Health text-messaged 400 individuals who had been in proximity to an infected person, and told them to enter a 14-day self-quarantine. On 19 March, the Supreme Court of Israel heard petitions to halt the contact-tracing program, submitted by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, and Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights, and issued an interim order.[66][67] The same day, several hundred protesters converged on the Knesset to protest the phone surveillance and other restrictions on citizens' movements, as well as the shutdown of the judicial and legislative branches of the government. Police arrested three protesters for violating the ban on gatherings over 10 people, and also blocked dozens of cars from entering Jerusalem and approaching the Knesset building.[68] On 26 March, the ISA said contact tracing had led to over 500 Israelis being notified who were then diagnosed with coronavirus.[69] On April 26, 2020, the Supreme Court issued its judgment on the contact-tracing petitions. In granting the petitions, the Court held that the Government's decision passed constitutional review under the exigent circumstances at the time it was made, but that further recourse to the Israel Security Agency for the purpose of contact tracing would require primary legislation in the form of a temporary order that would meet the requirements of the Limitations Clause of Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty. The Court further held that due to the fundamental importance of freedom of the press, ISA contact tracing of journalists who tested positive for the virus would require consent, and in the absence of consent, a journalist would undergo an individual epidemiological investigation, and would be asked to inform any sources with whom he was in contact over the 14 days prior to his diagnosis.[70] Cellphone-based location tracking proved to be insufficiently accurate, as scores of Israeli citizens were falsely identified as carriers of COVID-19 and subsequently ordered to self-quarantine.[71] In an attempt to contain the spread of the Omicron Variant, Israel reinstated the use of Shin Bet counterterrorism surveillance measures for a limited period of time.[72]

Public transportation

[edit]
The Israel Railways stabling yard in Beersheba is full due to the coronavirus shutdown

As of 19 March, public transportation ridership was down 38.5 percent compared to before the virus outbreak. Public bus operations were strictly curtailed by the government, which placed an 8 p.m. curfew on bus operations nightly, and halted all public transportation between Thursday night at 8 p.m. and Sunday morning, going beyond the usual hiatus on public transportation in Israel during Shabbat (from Friday evening to Saturday evening).[73] As of 22 March Israel's Ministry of Transport and Road Safety and its National Public Transportation Authority instituted a notification system allowing passengers using public transportation to inquire whether they had shared a ride with a person sick with COVID-19. The travel histories will be stored through the use of the country's electronic bus card passes, known as Rav-Kav.[74] At the peak of the first wave, on 20 April 2020, public transportation ridership was down 80% compared to before the outbreak.[75]

State of emergency

[edit]
City park marked and closed due to COVID-19 outbreak

On 19 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu declared a national state of emergency. He said that existing restrictions would henceforth be legally enforceable, and violators would be fined. Israelis were not allowed to leave their homes unless absolutely necessary. Essential services would remain open.[76] News reports showed hundreds of Israelis ignoring the new ban on Shabbat, 21 March, and visiting beaches, parks, and nature spots in large numbers, prompting the Ministry of Health to threaten imposing tighter restrictions on the public.[77][78]

Chief of the General Staff, Aviv Kochavi (center) examines the military laboratory for the diagnosis of coronavirus patients at Tzrifin base

On 25 March, the government imposed stricter restrictions on citizens' movements.[79] These include:

  • People must not venture more than 100 m (330 ft) from their homes. Exceptions include:
    • Employee arrival to work is permitted according to regulations
    • Acquiring food, medicine, essential products and receiving essential services
    • Receiving medical treatment
    • Blood donation
    • Legal proceedings
    • Demonstrations
    • Arriving at the Knesset
    • Receiving care in the framework of the welfare system
    • Departure of an individual or persons living in the same place for a short time and up to 100 meters from the place of residence
    • Providing medical assistance to another person or assisting a person with difficulty or distress
    • Prayer in an open place, funerals, weddings, and brit milah, as well as a woman's visit to the mikvah, provided that they pre-arranged the time of their arrival
    • Transfer of a minor to educational settings for the children of essential workers and special frameworks (in accordance with the Public Health Order).
    • Transfer of a minor, whose parents live separately, by one of his parents, to the other parent's home.
    • Transfer of a minor whose responsible parent is required to leave for an essential purpose if there is no responsible place for the child to be left under his care.
  • Private vehicles may have only two passengers. Taxis may have only one passenger.
  • Essential workers must be tested for fever at their workplace, and anyone with a temperature over 38 °C (100 °F) will be sent home.
  • Violators will be subject to a 5,000 shekels fine, or up to six months' imprisonment.

Beginning on April 1 the government proposed to intensify precautionary restrictions on its citizens, requiring them to: refrain from all public gatherings, including prayer quorums of 10 men; limiting outings to two people from the same household; and calling upon them to always wear face masks in public.[80] Beginning on April 12, the government required all Israelis to cover their nose and mouth when leaving their homes. Exceptions include "children under age 6; people with emotional, mental or medical conditions that would prevent them from wearing a mask; drivers in their cars; people alone in a building; and two workers who work regularly together, provided they maintain social distancing". The new law was passed on the same day that the World Health Organization questioned the efficacy of face masks for protecting healthy individuals from catching the virus.[81]

Restrictions on religious gatherings

[edit]
See also: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on religion § Judaism

According to Israeli Ministry of Health statistics, as of March 24, 24% of all coronavirus infections in Israel with known infection points (35% of all known cases) were contracted in synagogues, 15% in hotels, and 12% in restaurants.[82] The Health Ministry's rules on indoor gatherings, which were reduced from 100 to 10, still took into account the minimum number of members needed for a minyan (public prayer quorum). With stricter restrictions placed on citizens on 25 March (see below), the two Chief Rabbis of Israel called for all synagogues to be closed and prayer services to be held outdoors in groups of 10, with 2 m (6 ft 7 in) between each worshipper.[83] Many synagogues in Jerusalem were locked and prayer services held outdoors.[84] Due to the uptick in coronavirus diagnoses in Bnei Brak and after initially ordering his followers to ignore Health Ministry restrictions,[85] leading Haredi posek Chaim Kanievsky eventually issued an unprecedented statement on 29 March instructing Bnei Brak residents not to pray with a minyan at all, but rather individually at home.[86] Despite this, Kanievsky was accused of secretly arranging public prayers at his house.[87] On 1 April, the Chief Rabbis of Israel published guidelines for observance of Passover laws during the outbreak.[88] The guidelines included praying at home and not in a minyan, selling chametz online, and getting rid of chametz at home in ways other than burning, so as not to go out into the streets for the traditional burning of the chametz.[89]

After back-and-forth discussions with representatives of the chevra kadisha (Jewish religious burial society), the Health Ministry allowed burial society members to proceed with many traditional aspects of burial for coronavirus victims. Burial workers will be garbed in full protective gear to perform the taharah (ritual purification) of the body, which will then be wrapped in the customary tachrichim (linen shrouds) followed by a layer of plastic. The funeral service must be held completely outdoors. Funeral attendees do not need to wear protective gear.[90]

On 26 March, the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was closed.[91] Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb is a Druze festival called Ziyara celebrated between 25 and 28 April which is officially recognized in Israel as a public holiday.[92][93] Mowafaq Tarif the current spiritual leader of the Druze community in Israel, announced that the traditional festivities of the Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb were canceled for the first time in the history of the Druze community.[94]

Closures of cities and neighborhoods

[edit]

On 2 April, the cabinet voted by conference call to declare Bnei Brak a "restricted zone", limiting entry and exit to "residents, police, rescue services, those bringing essential supplies and journalists", for an initial period of one week. With a population of 200,000, Bnei Brak had the second-highest number of coronavirus cases of all Israeli cities in total numbers, and the highest rate per capita.[95] On 10 April the closure was relaxed to allow residents to leave the city to go to work, attend a funeral of an immediate relative, or for essential medical needs.[96] On April 12, the government imposed a closure on Haredi neighborhoods of Jerusalem, citing Ministry of Health statistics that nearly 75% of that city's coronavirus infections could be traced to these neighborhoods. The closure impacted Mea Shearim, Geula, Bukharim Quarter, Romema, Mekor Baruch, Sanhedria, Neve Yaakov, Ramat Shlomo, and Har Nof. Residents of these neighborhoods were allowed to leave to other areas only to go to work, attend funerals of immediate relatives, and for essential medical needs. The closure was opposed by the Mayor of Jerusalem, Moshe Lion, who reportedly told the government cabinet members: "Take the Ramot neighborhood for example — 60,000 residents and 140 of them sick. Why do we need to close off the whole neighborhood?"[97]

Lawmakers enforced a 3-day nationwide lockdown in conjunction with the Passover Seder, which took place in Israel on Wednesday night, April 8. All travel between cities was prohibited from Tuesday evening until Friday evening. From Wednesday at 3 p.m. until Thursday at 7 a.m., all Israelis were prohibited from venturing more than 100 m (330 ft) from their home. The goal of these measures was to prevent the traditional family gatherings associated with the Passover Seder. The lockdown did not apply to Arab towns, where Passover is not observed.[98] Despite the lockdown, several prominent politicians, including Prime Minister Netanyahu, President of Israel Reuven Rivlin, Yisrael Beiteinu party leader Avigdor Lieberman, Minister of Immigration and Absorption Yoav Gallant, and Likud MK Nir Barkat were noted by the Israeli press to have celebrated the Seder or other parts of the festival with relatives who did not live with them.[99][100][101] A partial nationwide lockdown was again imposed from 14 to 16 April, preventing Israelis from visiting family in other towns, and Jerusalem residents from leaving their own neighborhoods, in conjunction with the seventh day of Passover and the Mimouna holiday the following evening at the end of Passover.[102]

Throughout the month of Ramadan, which began on April 25, stores in towns with majority Muslim populations (including East Jerusalem) were to be closed from 6 pm until 3 am. Indoor prayer for all religions was banned, while outdoor prayer was allowed for groups up to 19 people, distanced at least 2 m (6 ft 7 in) apart.[103]

Exit strategy

[edit]

On 24 April 2020, the government approved the reopening of street stores and barbershops, effective 26 April 2020. Malls, gyms, and restaurants without delivery services remained closed.[104] On 7 May 2020, malls and outdoor markets reopened, with restrictions on the number of people allowed.[105] On 27 May 2020, restaurants reopened, with 1.6 meter distancing between diners, and masked staff.[106]

On 3 May 2020, schools reopened for first to third grade, and 11th to 12th grade.[107] Classes were limited in size, and schoolchildren were required to wear masks. By 17 May 2020, limitations on class size were lifted.[108] On 10 May 2020, preschools and kindergartens reopened, with limits on the number of children per class, and on a rotating half-week schedule. Nurseries were reopened with a full-week schedule, but allowing only 70% of the children to attend. Priority was given to children of single or working mothers.[109] On 17 to 19 May 2020, schools reopened fully, with certain social distancing rules in place, including staggered recesses and maintaining 2 meters distance between pupils during breaks. Children arriving at school were required to present a health statement signed by their parents.[110] A number of schools were shut down after reopening due to cases among staff members or students.[111]

On 4 May 2020, Prime Minister Netanyahu outlined a gradual easing of lockdown restrictions, approved by the government.[112] Immediate changes included allowing outdoor meetings of groups not exceeding 20, removal of the 100-meter limit on venturing from homes, and allowing meetings with family members, including elderly. Weddings with up to 50 attendees were also allowed. The easing of restrictions would halt should one of the following occur:[112]

  • 100 new daily cases (excluding individuals arriving from abroad, outbreaks in retirement homes, and cases in other current outbreak hotspots).
  • the doubling time of infections decreases to 10 days.
  • the number of patients in serious condition reaches 250.

Additional easing of restrictions was announced on 5 May 2020.[113] On 19 May 2020, the requirement to wear masks outdoors and in schools was lifted for the remainder of the week due to a severe heat wave.[114] On 20 May 2020, beaches and museums reopened, and restrictions on the number of passengers on buses were relaxed. Houses of prayer reopened to groups of up to 50 people. Attendees were required to wear masks and maintain a distance of two meters.[115]

Economic impact

[edit]

On 16 March, Israel imposed limitations on the public and private sectors. All non-critical government and local authority workers were placed on paid leave until the end of the Passover holiday. Private sector firms exceeding 10 employees were required to reduce staff present in the workplace by 70%.[116] On 30 March, Prime Minister Netanyahu announced an economic rescue package totaling 80 billion shekels ($22 billion), saying that was 6% of the country's GDP. The money will be allocated to health care (10 billion shekels); welfare and unemployment (30 billion shekels) aid for small and large businesses (32 billion shekels), and to financial stimulus (8 billion).[117] By 1 April, the national unemployment rate had reached 24.4 percent. In the month of March alone, more than 844,000 individuals applied for unemployment benefits—90 percent of whom had been placed on unpaid leave due to the pandemic.[118] During April 2020, Bituah Leumi deposited one-time payments to seniors, disabled people, people receiving income support or alimony payments, and families with children.[119] On 16 June 2020, the Knesset passed a stimulus bill to encourage businesses to bring workers back from unemployment.[120]

Second wave: May to November 2020

[edit]

Government response

[edit]

On July 1, the Knesset reauthorized ISA mobile phone tracking of infected individuals by enacting the Law to Authorize the ISA to Assist in the National Effort to Contain the Spread of the Novel Coronavirus (Temporary Provisions) 2020–5780.[121] As ISA location tracking resumed, by July 5, over 30,000 Israelis were ordered into quarantine.[122] On 6 July 2020, following over two weeks of continued increase in the number of new daily cases, Netanyahu announced new social distancing guidelines, approved by the government.[123][124] These included:

  • Restriction of social gatherings to 20 people.
  • Limiting the number of synagogue worshippers to 19 people.
  • Closure of gyms, night clubs, culture venues, and event halls.
  • Limiting the number of people on public buses to 20.
  • Limiting the number of restaurant guests to 20 indoors, or 30 for restaurants with outdoor seating.

On 17 July, additional restrictions were announced.[125][126] These included:

  • Closure of all studios and gyms, except for those used by professional athletes.
  • No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service and take-away allowed).
  • Weekend lockdown of non-essential businesses from 5:00pm Friday until 5:00am Sunday (supermarkets and pharmacies not included).
  • Closure of beaches during weekend lockdown, starting 24 July 2020.
  • Gatherings limited to 20 people outdoors, and 10 people indoors.

Due to pressure from business owners, the government backtracked on the closure of restaurants, pools, and beaches.[127] Weekend closures of malls and markets were also cancelled, following claims that the closures had not slowed infection rates.[128]

On 31 August 2020, the coronavirus cabinet approved the 'traffic-light' plan introduced by Prof. Ronni Gamzu, in which each city is assigned a color indicating its current level of COVID-19.[129] On 6 September 2020, the government approved closure of schools and a night-time curfew for forty 'red' communities.[130] This plan replaced Gamzu's proposal of full closure in ten 'red' towns and went into effect 8 September. The communities affected by the curfews were among the poorest in Israel, with mainly Arab and ultra-Orthodox population.[131] Residents under curfew were restricted to 500 meters distance from their homes, from 7pm to 5am.

On 10 September 2020, Israel became the country with the highest rate of COVID-19 infections per capita. As confirmed infections continued to rise daily, Israeli officials warned that hospitals would eventually be unable to confront the crisis.[132] On 13 September 2020, the government approved a 3-week country-wide lockdown, beginning Friday, 18 September at 2pm, and ending on 10 October. Restrictions include:[133]

  • People will be limited to within 500 meters of their homes, except for work and essential activities such as buying food and pharmacy goods.
  • Closure of malls, stores (except food and pharmacies), hotels, restaurants, fitness clubs and swimming pools.
  • Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors, or 20 people outdoors.
  • Closure of schools except for special education and certain boarding schools (online schooling permitted for all schools).
  • No sitting in bars or restaurants (delivery service allowed).

The 3-week lockdown took place during the high holidays, during which many Jews attend synagogue. The lockdown rules for prayer were as follows:[134]

  • Outdoor prayer groups limited to 20 people.
  • Indoor prayer groups limited to groups of 10 people, with depending on the number of entrances , as follows:

for .
for .
In either case, the total number of people 10 should not exceed , where is the area of the room in square meters.

On 23 September 2020, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced stricter lockdown rules after a new daily coronavirus record of 6,923 infections was reported in Israel.[135] These included:[136]

  • Closure of synagogues, excepted for limited prayers on Yom Kippur.
  • Participation in demonstrations only within 1 km from home.
  • Closure of Ben Gurion Airport to outgoing flights.

On 13 October the lockdown was extended for an additional week, until midnight 18 October 2020.[137]

While restrictions were eased in most of the country, local lockdowns were imposed in the following towns due to high case numbers: Majdal Shams and Masade (starting on 6 November 2020), Buqata (starting on 7 November), Hazor Haglilit (starting on 8 November),[138] Qalansawe and Iksal (starting on 17 November 2020),[139] Nazareth and Isfiya (starting on 21 November).[140]

A number of steps were taken to provide financial assistance:

  • A one-time payment for each citizen was given out in two instalments: the first for parents of children under the age of 18, and the second for individuals 18 or older.[141]
  • Unemployment pay was extended through 30 June 2021.[142]
  • An additional grant was provided for low-income workers over age 67 who were fired or forced to take a leave of absence.[143]
  • Grants for businesses whose income suffered due to the pandemic.[144]

On 21 September 2020, the government unanimously approved a 10% pay cut for all Knesset members and government ministers.[145][146]

Protests

[edit]
Further information: Protests against Benjamin Netanyahu

During July and August 2020, many protests were held, with protesters voicing frustration over the response of the Netanyahu-led government to the pandemic.[147][148] On 30 September, Israel's parliament passed a law limiting demonstrations which the opposition said was intended to curb protests against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu over alleged corruption and his mismanagement of the coronavirus crisis. The law prohibited Israelis from holding large gatherings more than one kilometre (5⁄8 mile) from their residences. The government defended the measure as a way to curb COVID-19 infections.[149] On 3 October, numerous anti-Netanyahu protests were held throughout Israel after the passage of legislation limiting demonstrations during the lockdown.[150] The Black Flag movement estimated that 130,000 people took part in Saturday's protests against Netanyahu in cities and towns across Israel.[151]

2020–2021 school year

[edit]

The Haredi school year started on 24 August 2020, before the 'traffic light' plan was approved.[152] All other schools in non-'red' cities opened on 1 September 2020.[153] Within a week, a number of schools and kindergartens reported outbreaks, leading to quarantine of exposed staff members and students.[154] Physical schools, kindergartens and nurseries closed at the beginning of the 3-week lockdown, on 13 September, with classes continuing online.[155] Kindergartens and nurseries reopened on 18 October, including in 'red' cities.[156] Grades 1 to 4 reopened on 1 November, in non-'red' cities. Class size was limited to 18 children. Students were required to wear masks throughout the day and eat their meals outdoors or spaced far apart from one another.[157] Grades 5 and 6 returned to school on 24 November.[158] High school grades 11 and 12 returned on 29 November.[159] Schools reopened for remaining grades 7–10 on 6 December.[160] After the Hanukkah break, over 220,000 students from grades 5–12 in 'orange' and 'red' cities went back to online studies.[161]

Exit strategy

[edit]

On 18 October 2020 Israel eased lockdown restrictions in non-'red' cities. The first stage of the exit strategy included:[162][163]

  • Reopening of kindergartens and nurseries.
  • Eateries open to take-out in addition to delivery.
  • Travel no longer restricted to 1 km from home.
  • Indoor gatherings of up to 10 people, and outdoor gatherings up to 20, allowed.
  • Reopening of prominent religious sites in Jerusalem, including the Western Wall, the Temple Mount, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
  • Reopening of beaches and national parks.

On 1 November 2020 Israel eased restrictions further:[157]

  • Reopening of elementary schools (grades 1–4).
  • Reopening of synagogues (limited to 10 people indoors, 20 outdoors).
  • Reopening of bed-and-breakfasts.
  • Reopening of hair and beauty salons.
  • Resumption of some "one-on-one" activities, including driving lessons and personal fitness training.

On 8 November 2020, street-front stores reopened.[164] Strip malls reopened on 17 November 2020.[165] 15 malls opened as part of a pilot plan on 27 November 2020.[166]

Third wave: November 2020 to April 2021

[edit]

In December 2020, cases steadily increased, reaching over 3,000 new cases daily and over 5% test positivity rate.[167] Multiple countries announced the appearance of new and more infectious COVID-19 strains; towards the end of December, first cases of the Alpha variant were detected in Israel.[168] First cases of the Beta variant were detected in January 2021.[169]

Travel ban

[edit]

On 20 December 2020, Israel announced an entry ban on all foreign travelers arriving from the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Denmark.[170] Israelis returning from these countries were required to enter state-run quarantine hotels. On 24 January 2021, the government announced a week-long ban on most incoming and outgoing flights, effective on Monday January 25 at midnight, to prevent entry of new variants into Israel.[171] The flight restrictions were extended multiple times: until 5 February 2021,[172] then until 21 February 2021,[173] and later until 6 March 2021. Daily flights, for new immigrants and for Israelis stranded outside Israel, were available as of 22 February 2021, for up to 2,000 passengers.[174] The number of daily entries was increased to 3,000 on 7 March 2021.[175]

Third nationwide lockdown

[edit]

On 24 December 2020, the government declared a third nationwide lockdown, to begin on 27 December 2020.[176] Restrictions included:

  • Traveling limited to 1,000 meter radius from home (individual sporting activities are allowed).
  • Gatherings limited to 10 people indoors or 20 people outdoors, for approved events (e.g. funerals and weddings).
  • Visiting another person's home is forbidden.
  • Closure of all non-essential stores and services.
  • Businesses that do not receive customers can remain open at 50% capacity or up to 10 employees, whichever is greater.
  • Restaurants will open for delivery only.
  • Closure of bed and breakfasts, zoos, safaris and parks.
  • Closure of alternative medicine centers, beauty, and hair salons.
  • Cancellation of driving lessons.
  • Public transportation reduced to 50% capacity.

Preschoolers through grade 4, grades 11–12, and special education, are to continue physical schooling as usual, even in "orange" and "red" cities. While the initial government decision called for remote learning for grades 5–10, this decision was revised by the Knesset Education Committee: in "green" and "yellow" cities, grades 5-10 are to continue in-person schooling, while schools in "orange" and "red" cities will switch to remote learning.[177] In April 2021, Israel lifted its outdoor and indoor mask mandates, as it was the country with the fastest vaccination campaign worldwide.[178][179][180] But it reimposed the indoor mask mandate due to an increase in infections.[181]

During the first week of January 2021, there were over 8,000 new cases daily.[182] On 5 January 2021, the government announced a two-week long, complete lockdown, effective midnight Thursday 7 January 2021.[183] The tightened restrictions include:

  • Gatherings limited to 5 people indoors or 10 people outdoors, except for funerals, weddings and Brit milahs which gathering limited to 10 people indoors or 20 people outdoors.
  • Closing the entire education system including preschools, except special education. Grade schools to continue online schooling.
  • Travel abroad allowed only for essential purposes.[184]

On 19 January 2021 the tight lockdown was extended until the end of January.[185] The tight lockdown was initially extended until 5 February 2021,[172] and then until 7 February 2021.[186] The government approved a curfew from 8:30 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. for the three nights of 25–27 February, in an attempt to limit spread of the virus during Purim holiday activities.[187]

Exit strategy

[edit]

On 7 February 2021 Israel began easing lockdown restrictions:[188]

  • Restrictions on travel within and between towns were lifted.
  • Workplaces that do not receive customers were reopened.
  • Open-air nature reserves and parks were reopened.

During the third lockdown many Israelis were vaccinated against COVID-19. On 21 February 2021, the government implemented green passes for those who were fully vaccinated or were infected and recovered.[189][190] Green passes are required for the following:

  • entry into gyms, theaters, hotels, and concerts.
  • entry into synagogues registered to the plan.

On 7 March 2021, restrictions were eased further. Rules include:[175]

  • Gatherings of up to 20 people indoors and 50 outdoors are allowed.
  • In-person interactions with the public for non-essential services are allowed (if the service cannot be provided remotely).
  • Temperature checks for those entering public locations or businesses are canceled.
  • Events of up to 300 people and up to 50% venue capacity are allowed, with up to 5% non-green-pass-holders with negative test results allowed.
  • Indoor dining at restaurants allowed at 75% capacity with 2 meters between tables, for up to 100 green pass holders. Outdoor seating of up to 100 outdoors (no green pass required).
  • Places of worship not registered with green pass limited to 20 people inside, 50 outside. Those registered limited to 50% capacity (fixed seating) or 1 person per each 7 m2.
  • Tourist attractions open for green pass holders.
  • Entry of Israeli citizens via Ben Gurion airport to increase to 3000 daily. Exit available to all those holding vaccination or recovery certificates.
  • Entry into Israel via land crossings with Jordan: open twice weekly.

Green passes can be generated for those who have recovered from the virus or who are fully vaccinated (1 week after the second dose) using the Ministry of Health's Traffic Light app.

Preschools, kindergartens, and grades 1-4 reopened on 11 February 2021 in "yellow" and "green" areas, and in "light orange" areas that had at least 70% of their community vaccinated.[191] Grades 5-6 and grades 11-12 returned to school in "yellow", "green", and "light orange" areas on 21 February 2021.[192] Grades 7-10 returned to school in "yellow", "green", and "light orange" areas on 7 March 2021.[175] Universities reopened with in-person classes for green pass holders on 7 March 2021.[175] On 18 April 2021, schools reopened fully, with in-person classes and no special limitations on class size. Students are still required to wear masks indoors but are allowed to take them off during gym class, when they eat, and in between classes.[193]

Period following vaccination campaign: April to June 2021

[edit]

Following the national vaccination campaign during late December to April 2021, Israel reached a vaccination rate of over 50% of the population, and 9% recovered from COVID-19, with resulting drops in new cases and deaths.[194] In April 2021, first cases of the Delta variant were detected in Israel.[195] In May 2021, first cases of the Gamma variant were detected too.[196]

On 18 April 2021, the requirement for masks outdoors was cancelled. Masks were still required indoors in public places, and The Ministry of Health recommended that they be worn outdoors in large gatherings.[193] On 15 June 2021, the requirement for masks indoors, in schools, and on public transportation was cancelled.[197]

On 23 April 2021, Israel issued a travel warning for Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, South Africa, Turkey, and Ukraine due to their high COVID-19 morbidity rates.[198] On 2 May 2021, the government banned the travel of Israelis to India, to Mexico, to South Africa, to Brazil, to Ukraine, to Ethiopia and to Turkey unless they receive special permission. Israelis returning from these countries must isolate for either 14 days with one PCR test taken upon arrival, or 10 days with two negative PCR tests.[199] The current list of 'red' countries for which isolation is required can be found on the Ministry of Health website.[200]

On 5 May 2021, the government extended the validity of green passes for those vaccinated or recovered until December 2021.[201] On 1 June 2021 Israel lifted many COVID-19 restrictions, including limitations on the number of people at both indoor and outdoor gatherings, and green pass requirements. Restrictions on international travel remain in place.[202] Testing protocols remain in place for containing new outbreaks, particularly in schools and among international travellers.[203]

Fourth wave: June to November 2021

[edit]

Daily case numbers began rising at the end of June 2021, reaching over 1000 daily cases on 17 July 2021[204] and peaking at over 10,000 during September 2021.[205] The number of hospitalizations also rose.[206]

On 19 October 2021, the first case of Delta variant AY.4.2 was detected in Israel.[207] Subsequent tests revealed 5 earlier cases of the variant.[208]

Government response

[edit]

On 25 June 2021, the requirement for mask indoors was reinstituted due to the rise in cases.[209] On 29 July 2021, the green pass requirement was reinstituted for indoor events with 100 or more participants.[210]

On 29 July 2021, a third vaccination was approved for persons aged 60 or older due to observed waning efficacy of the Pfizer vaccine to the prevalent Delta variant.[211] The vaccine booster was later approved for all those 12 and older.[212]

On 8 August 2021, restrictions renewed by the government came into effect to slow the spread of the Delta variant and included expanding proof of vaccine and mask-wearing requirements for some gatherings, and a shift back to more work from home, quarantines, and travel restrictions.[213]

2021–2022 school year

[edit]

Prime Minister Naftali Bennett approved a testing plan for students during the 2021–2022 school year. Serological testing of all students in grades 1 through 6 is planned. Students with a positive serological result will receive a green pass and will be exempt from quarantine during the school year. Families of kindergarten and elementary school children will receive home-testing kits and will be required to test their children within 48 hours of the first day of school.[214] In a pilot of the serology test carried out in Haredi schools, which reopened on 9 August 2021, approximately 20% of children tested positive.[215]

Beginning 10 October 2021, Israel adopted the 'green classroom' outline for grades 1–12 in 'green' cities.[216] According to the outline, if a child tests positive, the child's classmates undergo PCR testing. Classmates who test negative are allowed to return to school, but must avoid social contact with non-classmates after school hours. Instead of quarantine, the classmates are required to take antigen tests for 7 days, followed by a second PCR test. The children resume regular studies and afterschool activities when the second PCR tests are negative for the whole class. This outline was extended to 'yellow' cities and to daycare on 24 October 2021.[217]

Fifth wave: December 2021 to May 2022

[edit]

First cases of the Omicron variant were detected in Israel in the end of November 2021,[218] reaching 175 cases on 19 December 2021.[219] Daily cases increased to over 80,000 at the end of January 2022.[220] Despite having administered enough doses to fully vaccinate 98.6% of the country,[221] Israel health authorities expressed concern about breaking the record for serious infections in late January 2022.[222]

Travel restrictions

[edit]

Israel banned the entry of foreigners on 28 November 2021.[223] Israel further listed 'red' countries to which travel of Israelis was banned.[224] Travel restrictions on Israelis were removed on January 6, 2022, and foreigners complying with 'Green Pass' rules were allowed to enter starting January 9, 2022.[225]

School guidelines

[edit]

Israel scrapped the 'traffic light' plan for in-person school attendance, thereby easing schools' ability to hold in-person classes. Instead, beginning 9 January 2022, children testing positive were required to self-isolate for 10 days. Vaccinated children who were exposed were allowed to return to school after a negative rapid antigen test, while unvaccinated children were required to isolate for 10 days.[226] The isolation requirements for exposed schoolchildren were cancelled on 27 January 2022. Instead, children will undergo two home tests weekly, on Sunday and Wednesday. Children who test positive at home are required to take an official test and, if positive, isolate for 5 days. Those exposed are recommended to undergo daily tests for 5 days, but are not required to isolate.[227]

4th vaccine dose

[edit]

Israel began offering a 4th dose of the Pfizer vaccine to those 60 or older on 2 January 2022.[228] The 4th dose was later recommended for all those aged 18 or older.[229]

Green Pass restrictions

[edit]

On 7 February 2022, the requirement to hold a 'Green Pass' or a recent negative test when entering restaurants, movie theaters, gyms, and hotels was removed. 'Green Passes' are still required for entry into event halls and dance clubs.[230]

Sixth wave: since June 2022

[edit]

The number of cases started rising again in June 2022, caused mainly by the spread of variant BA.5.

Infection prevalence and compliance

[edit]

The prevalence of infection has varied between different sectors of the Israeli population. Haredi communities have experienced a disproportionately higher number of cases [231] and deaths.[232] Reasons for the increased case numbers include crowded living conditions, and prioritizing continuity of religious routines, such as synagogue services and Torah study at yeshivas.[233] Compliance, at least of some groups within the Haredi sector, has been low. During the 'third wave', when all schools were supposed to be closed, many Haredi schools reopened.[234] Hundreds attended weddings in some Haredi communities.[235] Thousands gathered for funerals of prominent rabbis, including Rabbi Meshulam Dovid Soloveitchik[236] and Rabbi Chaim Meir Wosner,[237] despite government restrictions. Vaccination rates in the Haredi community have been lower than in the general population, at least partially due to disinformation. A number of prominent rabbis have called on community members to get vaccinated.[238]

Arab communities have also experienced relatively high case numbers[239] and deaths.[240] This was mainly attributed to large weddings and social gatherings, held despite government restrictions.[241] Arab communities lagged in vaccinations, despite widespread vaccine availability. The lag was attributed to widespread distrust of the government, and to a lack of Arabic-language outreach and education about the vaccine's safety.[242]

Vaccination

[edit]
Main article: COVID-19 vaccination in Israel

Procurement

[edit]

The Israeli government began to procure doses of COVID-19 vaccines from various sources as data regarding various COVID-19 vaccines became available:

The first batch of vaccines, from Pfizer, arrived on 9 December.[247] 700,000 more doses were delivered on 10 January 2021.[248] The first batch of vaccines from Moderna arrived on 7 January 2021.[249] Israel was prioritized for receiving the Pfizer vaccine. In exchange, Israel has committed to send Pfizer medical data pertaining to the vaccinations, including side effects, efficacy, and amount of time it takes to develop antibodies, for different age groups. In order to protect privacy, it was agreed that the identity of those vaccinated will not be disclosed to Pfizer.[250] A censored version of the agreement was made public by the Israeli government on 17 January 2021.[251] In April 2021, long-term agreements for the supply of 18 million total additional vaccines were signed with Moderna and Pfizer. The doses to be supplied will be adapted to the different variants of the virus, if needed.[252]

Distribution

[edit]

Pfizer vaccine

[edit]

The following vaccination priorities were established by the Ministry of Health:[253]

  • Phase A: healthcare personnel, in the following order: hospital workers, Kupot Holim, private clinics and dentists' clinics, geriatric and psychiatric hospitals, nursing and medical students in clinical rounds, Magen David Adom and rescue organizations, protective institutions for fathers and mothers, and welfare institutions for dependents and their caregivers. Expansion of Stage A to people aged 60 or older - under the responsibility of the Kupot Holim.
  • Phase B: the rest of the population, in the following order: risk groups (diabetes, morbid obesity, COPD, hypertension, patients with immunosuppression and their family members, organ transplant recipients, hematologic patients, etc.), teachers, kindergarten teachers, social workers, prisoners and prison guards, personnel of IDF and other security bodies.
  • The rest of the population, scheduled with the Kupot Holim.

Netanyahu, Yuli Edelstein and others received their vaccination first. Vaccinations began on 19 December 2020.[254] The first large batch of vaccines, from Pfizer, was distributed rapidly, with about 1.5 million people (16% of the population) vaccinated within 3 weeks.[255] While Israel's rollout of COVID-19 vaccinations was not problem-free, its initial phase was clearly rapid and effective.[256] Vaccinations were expanded to teachers and to those 55 or older on 12 January 2021,[257] to those 45 or older on 17 January 2021,[258] to those 40 or older on 19 January 2021,[259] and to those 35 or older on 28 January 2021.[260] Pregnant women were advised to vaccinate and were added to the priority list on 19 January 2021.[261] Teenagers born in 2003 and 2004 began getting vaccinated on 23 January 2021.[262] Vaccinations became available to all people 16 or older who had not contracted COVID, beginning 4 February 2021.[263] Vaccinations became available to those 16 or older who had contracted COVID on 2 March 2021. These people will receive a single dose of the Pfizer vaccine.[264] Vaccinations were approved for 12-15 year olds on 2 June 2021.[265]

A third vaccination for people aged 60 and above was approved by the government of 29 July 2021.[266] President Herzog was the first to receive the third shot.[267] The third dose eligibility was expanded to health workers and those over 50 on 13 August 2021,[268] to those over 40 and teachers on 19 August 2021,[269] to those over 30 on 24 August 2021,[270] and to anyone 12 or older who received the second shot at least five months prior on 29 August 2021.[212]

Israel approved child-sized doses of the Pfizer vaccine on 10 November 2021.[271] The first batch of child-dose vaccines arrived on 20 November 2021[272] and vaccination of 5-11 year olds began on 22 November 2021.[273]

Astrazeneca vaccine

[edit]

On 21 October 2021, Israel began offering the Astrazeneca vaccine to those unable to receive the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines.[274]

Development of an Israeli vaccine

[edit]
Main article: BriLife
President Reuven Rivlin standing next to the first person to participate in Phase B trial of BriLife vaccine. Barzilai Medical Center, 5 January 2021.

The Israel Institute for Biological Research developed a vaccine and produced 25,000 doses of the vaccine for a Phase I clinical trial, which began in Sheba and Hadassah medical centers in October 2020.[275][276] On 14 December 2020, it was announced that the Health Ministry had approved the launch of a Phase II clinical trial for the Israel Institute for Biological Research's vaccine candidate, BriLife.[277]

Vaccine diplomacy and swap

[edit]

Prime Minister Netanyahu donated vaccines purchased by Israel to a small number of countries, including Honduras and the Czech Republic. Planned donations of vaccines to other countries were frozen after legal questions were raised.[278]

On 6 July 2021, Israel signed a vaccine swap agreement with South Korea. Israel delivered 700,000 doses of the Pfizer vaccine that were close to expiration in exchange for an equal amount of doses that South Korea had ordered for later in 2021.[279]

Relations with neighbouring countries and territories

[edit]

Palestine

[edit]
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in the State of Palestine and Israel–Palestine relations
Palestinian Authority

On 11 March, Israel delivered 20 tons of disinfectant to the West Bank.[280]

On 17 March, the Defense Ministry tightened restrictions on Palestinian workers, limiting entry to those working in essential sectors, and requiring that they remain in Israel instead of commuting.[281] Also, Israel and the Palestinian Authority set up a joint operations room to coordinate their response to the virus.[282]

On 25 March, the Palestinian National Authority urged all Palestinians working in Israel to return to the West Bank. All those returning were requested to self-isolate.[283]

On 19 May, an unmarked Etihad Airways plane marked the first direct flight between the United Arab Emirates and Israel. Its goal was to deliver supplies to the West Bank.[284] The aid was rejected by the West Bank, so it was delivered to Gaza instead.[285]

On 18 October, former chief negotiator Saeb Erekat was transferred to Hadassah Medical Center for treatment for COVID-19. Erekat had undergone a lung transplant in 2017.[286] Erekat died of COVID-19 on 10 November.[287]

On 4 January 2021, Minister of Health Yuli Edelstein secretly approved the transfer of 200 vaccine doses to the Palestinian Authority as a humanitarian gesture.[288]

On 29 January 2021, it was reported in several Israeli news sources that Israel is planning to give the Palestinian Authority a batch of vaccine doses for 1000 Palestinian medical workers. The Palestinian Authority also asked Israel to help coordinate the transfer of Palestinian ordered vaccine shipments to the West Bank.[289]

Israel transferred 2000 vaccine doses for Palestinian health workers on 1 February 2021. This is the first batch of a reported 5000 doses scheduled to be transferred.[290]

On 20 February 2021, Palestinian officials reported that Israel had agreed to vaccinate 100,000 Palestinians who regularly enter Israel.[291] On 28 February 2021, Israel confirmed that it would vaccinate 120,000 Palestinian workers.[292] Vaccinations of Palestinian workers began on 8 March 2021.[293]

On 18 June 2021, Israel announced that it would supply at least 1 million Pfizer vaccinations to the Palestinian Authority in exchange for an equal amount of vaccinations that were to be delivered to the Palestinian Authority later in the year.[294] The deal was scrapped by the Palestinian Authority due to the expiry date on the delivered vaccines, which was earlier than the date agreed upon.[295] After the Palestinian cancellation of the trade deal South Korea accepted these now available near-expiration vaccine doses in exchange for supplying the same number of future vaccine doses when they are available to Korea in the September timeframe.[296]

Gaza

Israel initially blocked and later permitted entry of 2,000 Sputnik V vaccine doses into the Gaza Strip.[297]

Egypt

[edit]
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt and Egypt–Israel relations

On 8 March 2020, Israel closed the Taba Border Crossing with Egypt, fearing the spread of the coronavirus from Egypt. Non-Israelis were not permitted to enter Israel; Israelis returning from Egypt were required to enter an immediate 14-day quarantine.[298]

Jordan

[edit]
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan and Israel–Jordan relations

Israel did not place restrictions on crossing the border with Jordan. The Jordanian Kingdom closed its border with all neighboring countries, including Israel, from March 11, 2020.[299]

On April 15, 2020, the Jerusalem Post reported that Israel was to provide 5,000 medical protection masks to Jordan.[300]

Syria

[edit]
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Syria and Israel–Syria relations

Israel agreed to pay Russia to send Russian-made Sputnik V vaccine doses to Syria as part of a Russia-mediated prisoner swap agreement.[301]

Criticism and opposition to COVID-19 restrictions

[edit]
Main article: Protests over COVID-19 policies in Israel

Since April 2020 a series of protests by various social and political groups took place across Israel, opposing lockdowns, mandatory vaccines, government restriction policies and vaccinations in general. The protests coincided with similar demonstrations and riots worldwide, though some of the earlier protests were linked to the specific 2019–2021 Israeli political crisis.

Notable people infected with COVID-19

[edit]

Then Health Minister Yaakov Litzman and his wife tested positive for the coronavirus on 2 April 2020.[302] News reports later claimed that Litzman had violated the government's ban on participating in group prayer the day before he was diagnosed. His office denied the claims.[303]

Hebrew University of Jerusalem professor Mark Steiner died of the virus on 6 April 2020.[304]

Former Chief Rabbi Eliyahu Bakshi-Doron died of the virus on 12 April 2020.[305]

Jerusalem Affairs Minister Rafi Peretz tested positive on 1 August 2020.[306]

Aliyah and Integration Minister Pnina Tamano-Shata tested positive on 24 August 2020.[307]

Knesset member Yinon Azulai tested positive on 9 September 2020.[308]

Rabbi Shmaryahu Yosef Chaim Kanievsky was diagnosed with COVID-19 on 2 October 2020.[309] On 28 October 2020, Kanievsky's physician said Kanievsky had recovered from the virus.[310]

Environmental Protection Minister Gila Gamliel tested positive on 3 October 2020.[311] It was later claimed that Gamliel violated lockdown rules by traveling further than 1 km to her in-laws' house for Yom Kippur and attending synagogue there. She did not reveal this information during her epidemiological investigation, instead claiming she had been infected by her driver.[312]

Knesset member Ayman Odeh tested positive on 4 October 2020.[313]

Knesset member Moshe Abutbul tested positive on 5 October 2020.[314]

Former Shin Bet Deputy Director Itzhak Ilan died of the virus on 16 October 2020.[315]

Actor Yehuda Barkan died of the virus on 23 October 2020.[316]

Minister of Regional Cooperation Ofir Akunis tested positive on 9 November 2020.[317]

Knesset member David Bitan tested positive on 7 December 2020, and was later hospitalized.[318]

Knesset member Ya'akov Asher tested positive on 20 December 2020.[319]

Former Chief Rabbi Yisrael Meir Lau tested positive on 17 January 2021, only a few days after receiving the second dose of the vaccine.[320]

Knesset member Vladimir Beliak tested positive on 14 July 2021.[321]

Natan Sharansky and his wife Avital Sharansky both tested positive on 3 August 2021, despite both being fully vaccinated.[322]

Knesset member Ofer Cassif tested positive on 9 August 2021.[323]

Knesset member Gilad Kariv tested positive on 10 August 2021 [324] and was later hospitalized.[325]

Knesset member Simcha Rothman tested positive on 12 August 2021.[326]

Knesset member Inbar Bezek tested positive on 16 August 2021.[327]

Knesset member Itamar Ben-Gvir tested positive on 16 August 2021[328] and was later hospitalized.[329]

During the fifth wave, many Israeli politicians tested positive, including Knessent members Michael Biton,[330] Moshe Tur-Paz, Alex Kushnir,[331] and Dudi Amsalem,[332] Foreign Minister Yair Lapid, and Finance Minister Avigdor Liberman.[333]

Remote work

[edit]

Rachel Gould and M. Kate Gallagher have researched the ways in which COVID-19 has altered Israeli life, specifically when considering remote work. In an article in The Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs, they lay out the advantages and disadvantages of WFH. In Israeli society specifically, they state, Israeli work periods are much more focused on hours, rather than completing tasks.[334] In order to see if this hours-based approach carries to attitudes in remote work, Gould and Gallagher set up an experimental-research approach and found that two-thirds of Israelis felt that remote work was just as effective as working in an office. This WFH phenomena did not only "increase productivity and satisfaction", but it changed the rigidity of the Israeli work schedule and adapted the system to have more flexibility. This change has great implications when considering Israeli's innovation and increasing "global clout", which Gould and Gallagher predict will continue to grow as the work system changes. However, they caution that in order to keep increasing innovation and efficiency, Israel's work force must prioritize climate change and investment to clean energy.

Statistics

[edit]
Confirmed COVID-19 cases in Israel by locality with population >2,000, tests, and active cases. (
)
City/Town Cases Active Cases New Cases
last 7 days 		Tests administered
last 7 days 		Active cases
per 100,000
Jerusalem 33,109 7,314 4,333 22,947 79
Bnei Brak 17,352 3,830 2,441 8,694 191
Ashdod 9,184 2,910 1,822 9,724 129
Tel Aviv 8,273 2,239 1,176 13,049 49
Netanya 5,010 1,780 968 6,449 82
Petah Tikva 5,756 1,763 935 7,756 72
Modi'in Illit 7,039 1,684 1,104 4,257 219
Be'er Sheva 4,413 1,562 772 8,417 79
Haifa 4,064 1,372 669 7,435 50
Rishon Lezion 4,057 1,340 744 6,951 55
Holon 4,348 1,285 684 5,216 69
Rehovot 3,225 1,172 714 4,962 84
Beit Shemesh 5,499 1,143 693 2,904 90
Elad 3,934 1,110 664 2,284 233
Beitar Illit 4,208 1,053 780 2,447 171
Ashkelon 3,393 1,029 469 3,985 73
Bat Yam 2,864 858 492 3,724 66
Hadera 2,091 763 357 3,140 80
Netivot 2,198 621 322 1,624 161
Ramat Gan 2,234 601 304 3,756 41
Ramla 2,272 589 350 2,408 78
Lod 2,300 508 297 2,141 67
Afula 971 505 293 2,116 94
Qiryat Gat 1,720 498 299 2,164 87
Rosh HaAyin 1,468 488 278 1,953 82
Kfar Saba 1,284 472 226 3,006 48
Nazareth 1,534 469 122 1,238 60
Modi'in Maccabim-Reut 1,558 449 226 2,562 51
Ofakim 1,105 435 200 1,444 137
Yavne 1,323 416 214 1,674 90
Umm al-Fahm 2,266 413 164 811 74
Tamra 852 396 136 935 115
Or Yehuda 1,371 391 230 1,404 112
Sakhnin 1,199 366 122 1,000 112
Tiberias 1,493 366 229 1,623 81
Ra'anana 1,342 362 172 1,945 48
Herzliya 1,380 353 176 2,319 38
Acre 894 318 157 1,756 62
Pardes Hanna-Karkur 731 298 133 1,469 72
Baka al-Gharbiya 1,138 291 100 626 98
Nahariya 990 282 157 1,872 47
Zefat 845 280 162 766 78
Shfaram 746 276 92 1,123 67
Kiryat Ata 952 274 157 2,003 48
Arad 524 270 225 968 100
Yehud 669 265 145 1,279 91
Kiryat Mal'akhi 1,142 265 162 827 109
Be'er Ya'akov 682 262 138 1,013 101
Giv'at Ze'ev 855 257 176 796 135
Yarka 855 255 149 1,012 164
Kiryat Yam 504 249 83 1,291 63
Hod Hasharon 771 241 108 1,463 40
Sderot 764 240 95 833 89
Majd al-Krum 597 237 127 617 154
Taibeh 1,616 226 143 938 51
Carmiel 661 223 120 1,332 48
Rekhasim 916 213 112 454 172
Givatayim 645 212 97 1,331 38
Kiryat Shmona 448 209 86 829 95
Dimona 692 208 100 1,518 58
Jadeidi-Makr 621 207 55 492 100
Kiryat Motzkin 479 206 93 1,485 47
Nof HaGalil 510 203 112 1,145 46
Ramat Hasharon 636 203 114 1,337 45
Kiryat Bialik 588 200 98 1,251 51
Deir Al-Assad 607 199 78 326 158
Migdal Haemek 555 199 92 797 76
Gan Yavne 589 194 97 881 86
Kfar Yona 378 194 104 711 85
Fureidis 537 192 54 333 144
Ness Ziona 756 191 94 1,211 42
Arraba 432 190 77 591 72
Ma'ale Adumim 810 188 98 1,068 50
Gedera 494 175 95 789 70
Eilat 778 167 98 1,926 30
Ma'aleh Iron 629 166 46 242 110
Kfar Manda 586 164 66 231 81
Qalansawe 1,367 162 77 454 70
Or Akiva 439 159 65 543 81
Beit Shean 469 157 79 495 81
Mevaseret Zion 402 152 71 1,045 66
Abu Snan 471 149 59 311 112
Ar'ara 681 140 51 391 70
Givat Shmuel 493 138 88 771 55
Bi'ina 390 138 64 311 164
Kisra-Sumei 329 136 38 255 156
Kafr Kana 456 136 63 613 60
Hazor HaGlilit 225 135 103 324 138
Reineh 384 132 29 225 79
Yafa an-Naseriyye 431 131 28 275 68
Tira 1,491 128 48 440 48
Daburiyya 400 125 45 364 119
Kafr Qara 718 123 45 353 64
Julis 302 122 18 156 195
Kiryat Ono 514 122 55 939 33
Kfar Habad 365 120 83 307 175
Jisr az-Zarqa 366 119 61 695 80
Tirat Carmel 301 117 53 496 51
Ma'alot-Tarshiha 261 117 71 744 52
Rahat 1,430 117 36 502 17
Peki'in (Buqei'a) 209 116 17 242 196
Tur'an 289 114 33 242 78
Ain Mahal 532 112 25 173 82
Kafr Qasim 1,353 111 42 320 46
Iksal 350 111 49 375 74
Jat 513 107 49 263 88
Kadima - Zoran 254 105 49 536 50
Kabul 270 105 46 312 85
Zikhron Ya'akov 330 104 41 529 47
Nesher 270 103 35 932 46
I'billin 235 98 37 300 74
Muqeible 151 98 55 166 233
Maghar 276 93 27 375 41
Harish 299 91 52 438 63
Beit Jann 414 90 54 288 76
Mazkeret Batya 258 88 45 528 58
Shibli–Umm al-Ghanam 205 87 23 178 136
Azor 293 86 38 379 72
Kokhav Ya'akov 340 85 52 232 95
Ganei Tikva 346 78 42 833 39
Yokne'am Illit 271 78 31 497 34
Shoham 363 76 39 554 38
Ariel 250 75 30 494 41
Tel Mond 169 74 31 343 58
Tifrah 178 73 41 120 336
Daliyat al-Karmel 449 72 28 196 42
Abu Gosh 199 70 20 317 88
Efrat 237 69 37 352 61
Pardesia 104 67 45 271 109
Kiryat Ye'arim 305 64 40 240 102
Hashmonaim 140 64 48 176 213
Sha'ab 185 63 22 176 86
Kafr Yasif 213 62 20 290 58
Rameh 144 60 25 193 72
Basma 257 60 21 112 56
Yanuh-Jat 156 60 32 276 91
Yeruham 228 59 28 363 56
Even Yehuda 211 56 24 353 42
Isfiya 259 55 24 190 45
Buqata 219 54 18 63 81
Kiryat Arba 130 53 34 195 72
Kiryat Ekron 153 53 26 340 50
Zemer 228 52 15 109 73
Deir Hanna 194 50 21 276 47
Mevo Horon 96 50 41 130 197
Majdal Shams 163 49 11-14 103 44
Oranit 131 49 21 265 55
Karnei Shomron 159 49 28 186 59
Binyamina - Givat Ada 143 46 25 321 32
Bat Hefer 87 45 24 173 88
Kiryat Tivon 134 44 17 483 28
Nahf 261 40 17 155 30
Hurfeish 145 39 11-14 177 61
Geva Binyamin 138 39 26 139 72
Ganei Modi'in 68 38 32 80 116
Jaljulia 355 37 21 156 36
Bnei Ayish 97 36 24 422 53
Kfar Kama 53 35 16 131 104
Mi'ilya 74 34 6-10 177 107
Kuseife 245 34 11-14 72 19
Omer 153 33 11-14 233 42
Mashhad 96 33 11-14 105 38
Kfar Adumim 62 33 19 127 77
Revava 100 نا٨٧٦٨ 20 126 120
Lehavim 100 32 11-14 189 51
Meitar 116 32 11-14 350 32
Tzur Hadassah 108 32 15 271 34
Immanuel 189 30 17 64 71
Shlomi 104 29 11-14 137 44
Caesarea 69 29 11-14 141 53
Nitzan 74 28 17 124 121
Sajur 103 28 19 104 68
Mazra'a 94 28 11-14 115 71
Kokhav Yair 107 27 11-14 261 30
Merkaz Shapira 74 27 19 131 130
Ganei Tikvah 112 27 6-10 112 48
Beit El 85 27 19 170 47
Beit Dagan 127 27 16 144 41
Tzur Moshe 40 26 6-10 75 99
Zarzir 73 26 11-14 95 30
Tzur Yitzhak 57 26 11-14 170 41
Eilabun 105 26 6-10 91 46
Alfe Menashe 97 24 11-14 165 31
Ahuzat Barak 39 24 6-10 102 102
Yavne'el 148 24 20 79 58
Kaukab Abu al-Hija 54 23 1-5 51 59
Nof Ayalon 50 23 11-14 117 100
Ka'abiyye-Tabbash-Hajajre 72 22 6-10 93 37
Yad Binyamin 129 22 18 121 51
Ilut 325 22 11-14 78 26
Atlit 88 22 6-10 132 26
Hoshaya 48 21 6-10 63 103
Beit Arye 70 21 6-10 139 41
Lapid 48 21 6-10 73 98
Kfar Tavor 59 20 6-10 94 46
Tuba-Zangariyye 44 20 6-10 92 30
Sulam 30 20 1-5 55 68
Alei Zahav 59 20 6-10 126 54
Rosh Pina 32 19 11-14 100 62
Shimshit 42 19 6-10 72 82
Kafr Bara 226 18 6-10 110 47
Shiloh 54 18 11-14 104 41
Katzrin 48 18 11-14 167 24
Ramat Yishai 47 18 11-14 196 25
Savyon 87 17 6-10 186 39
Sheikh Danun 77 17 1-5 61 59
Bu'eine Nujeidat 66 16 6-10 143 16
Ein Naqquba 146 16 1-5 57 46
Basmat Tab'un 52 16 6-10 113 20
Elyakhin 49 16 1-5 69 47
Bir al-Maksur 68 16 1-5 115 16
Eli 63 15 1-5 77 37
Nofit 30 15 1-5 60 58
Meiser 66 15 0 34 74
Tekoa 39 15 11-14 104 36
Atrash (tribe) <15 <15 1-5 6 3
Giv'at Avni 42 <15 11-14 85 59
Tel Sheva 94 <15 1-5 107 5
Elkana 70 <15 1-5 79 27
Uzeir 54 <15 1-5 24 12
Mas'udein el-Azazme <15 <15 1-5 29 1
Ghajar <15 <15 1-5 18 7
Abu Talul <15 <15 1-5 8 5
Abu Rubeya (tribe) <15 <15 0 25 1
Mitzpe Ramon 56 <15 1-5 73 6
Kokhav HaShahar 39 <15 6-10 44 32
Alon Shvut 44 <15 1-5 95 28
Neve Daniel 34 <15 1-5 68 45
Laqiya 315 <15 1-5 83 9
Nokdim 18 <15 1-5 64 38
Elazar 36 <15 1-5 90 36
Beit Hashmonai 33 <15 1-5 68 56
Ibtin 47 <15 1-5 47 25
Ofra 53 <15 6-10 56 33
Har Brakha 30 <15 6-10 45 33
Qasr al-Sir <15 <15 1-5 8 4
Jish (Gush Halav) 37 <15 1-5 62 32
Beit Yitzhak-Sha'ar Hefer 30 <15 6-10 62 48
Mas'ade 39 <15 0 27 7
Yakir 85 <15 6-10 114 51
Ein Qiniyye 66 <15 1-5 20 51
Fassouta 20 <15 6-10 54 27
Talmon 55 <15 11-14 101 27
Ar'ara BaNegev 352 <15 1-5 80 6
Abu Jwei'ad (tribe) <15 <15 1-5 14 2
Abu Rukik <15 <15 1-5 21 2
Rumat al-Heib <15 <15 0 29 10
Kedumim 52 <15 1-5 83 29
Segev Shalom 36 <15 1-5 45 5
Etz Efraim 46 <15 6-10 121 45
Hura 312 <15 0 53 5
Matan 38 <15 6-10 75 34
Na'ura 59 <15 1-5 35 58
Givat Brenner 35 <15 1-5 77 39
Peduel 34 <15 6-10 77 66
Gan Ner 20 <15 6-10 83 42
Sallama 51 <15 1-5 55 29
Kafr Misr 68 <15 6-10 39 47
Tzufim 38 <15 6-10 93 59
Har Adar 47 <15 6-10 152 32
Kfar Vradim 45 <15 1-5 120 13
A'sam <15 <15 0 36 1
Kfar HaOranim 70 <15 1-5 76 32
Mitzpe Yeriho 46 <15 6-10 55 45
Sayyid (tribe) <15 0 0 3 0
Bir Hadaj 0 0 0 5 0
Al-Sayyid <15 0 0 10 0
Umm Batin <15 0 0 7 0
Hawashla (tribe) <15 0 0 5 0
Abu Qrenat 0 0 0 11 0
Kudayrat a-Sana (tribe) <15 0 0 6 0
As of 29 September 2020[335]
Confirmed COVID-19 cases in Israel. Hospitalization, deaths and recovery. (
)
Date Cases Death
Mild cases
 Currently Hospitalized Recoveries
New
Total
Change
New
Total
Change
Ratio
Mild
Moderate
Critical
Ventilated    
New
Total
2023-03-07 4,801,511 0 12,307 7,952 57 4,781,252
2023-03-05 281 4 12,303
2022-09-10 4,640,220 0 11,648 9,461 266 4,619,111
2022-09-09 0 11,648
2022-09-08 879 2 11,648
2022-09-07 915 3 11,646
2022-09-06 984 23 11,623
2022-09-05 1,141 0 11,623
2022-09-04 469 0 11,623
2022-09-03 3 11,623
2022-09-02 900 0 11,620
2022-09-01 826 0 11,620
2022-08-31 17 11,620
2022-08-30 0 11,603
2022-08-29 1,552 13 11,603
2022-08-28 1 11,590
2022-08-27 0 11,589
2022-08-26 0 11,589
2022-08-25 6 11,589
2022-08-24 2 11,583
2022-08-23 0 11,581
2022-08-22 56 11,581
2022-08-21 0 11,525
2022-08-20 0 11,525
2022-08-19 0 11,525
2022-08-18 1 11,525
2022-08-17 19 11,524
2022-08-16 4 11,505
2022-08-15 0 11,501
2022-08-14 18 11,501
2022-08-13 0 11,483
2022-08-12 4,608,845 0 11,483 25,719 266 4,571,390
2022-08-11 13 11,483
2022-08-10 2,102 3 11,470
2022-08-09 6 11,467
2022-08-08 2546 5 11,461
2022-08-07 2314 3 11,456
2022-08-06 20 11,453
2022-08-05 3,908 34 11,433
2022-08-04 1,990 0 11,399
2022-08-03 3,284 0 11,399
2022-08-02 3,702 8 11,399
2022-08-01 5,855 35 11,391
2022-07-31 1,234 4,579,737 0 11,356 40,145 310 4,527,926
2022-07-30 2,303 7 11,356
2022-07-29 4,274 0 11,349
2022-07-28 4,033 2 11,349
2022-07-27 4,120 43 11,347
2022-07-26 5,990 4 11,304
2022-07-25 6,637 9 11,300
2022-07-24 58 11,291
2022-07-23 0 11,233
2022-07-22 24 11,233
2022-07-21 1 11,209
2022-07-20 0 11,208
2022-07-19 27 11,208
2022-07-18 9 11,181
2022-07-17 12 11,172
2022-07-16 13 11,160
2022-07-15 15 11,147
2022-07-14 31 11,132
2022-07-13 0 11,101
2022-07-12 32 11,101
2022-07-11 2 11,069
2022-07-10 0 11,067
2022-07-09 11 11,067
2022-07-08 0 11,056
2022-07-07 14 11,056
2022-07-06 58 11,042
2022-07-05 0 10,984
2022-07-04 7 10,984
2022-07-03 19 10,977
2022-07-02 0 10,958
2022-07-01 0 10,958
2022-06-30 0 10,958
2022-06-29 12 10,958
2022-06-28 4 10,946
2022-06-27 2 10,942
2022-06-26 14 10,940
2022-06-25 5 10,926
2022-06-24 10 10,921
2022-06-23 0 10,911
2022-06-22 0 10,911
2022-06-21 0 10,911
2022-06-20 3 10,911
2022-06-19 26 10,908
2022-06-18 0 10,882
2022-06-17 0 10,882
2022-06-16 0 10,882
2022-06-15 0 10,882
2022-06-14 0 10,882
2022-06-13 0 10,882
2022-06-12 11 10,882
2022-06-11 4 10,871
2022-06-10 0 10,867
2022-06-09 4,856 4,169,338 0 10,867 150 4,134,176
2022-06-08 4,885 0 10,867
2022-06-07 5,031 3 10,867
2022-06-06 2,580 0 10,864
2022-06-05 5,802 4 10,864
2022-06-04 0 10,860
2022-06-03 0 10,860
2022-06-02 2,462 8 10,860
2022-06-01 5,199 0 10,852
2022-05-31 0 10,852
2022-05-30 13 10,852
2022-05-29 0 10,839
2022-05-28 0 10,839
2022-05-27 0 10,839
2022-05-26 6 10,839
2022-05-25 0 10,833
2022-05-24 0 10,833
2022-05-23 6 10,833
2022-05-22 704 4,121,326 0 10,827 13,777 150 4,096,572
2022-05-21 1,639 0 10,827
2022-05-20 1,904 1 10,827
2022-05-19 2,112 14 10,826
2022-05-18 2,128 0 10,812
2022-05-17 2,239 7 10,812
2022-05-16 2,199 5 10,805
2022-05-15 3,032 9 10,800
2022-05-14 1,083 4,105,369 8 10,791 16,724 150 4,077,746
2022-05-13 2,254 0 10,783
2022-05-12 2,739 9 10,771
2022-05-11 1,448 13 10,762
2022-05-10 2,413 8 10,749
2022-05-09 3,378 0 10,741
2022-05-08 1,674 0 10,741
2022-05-07 0 10,741
2022-05-06 12 10,741
2022-05-05 30 10,729
2022-05-04 1 10,699
2022-05-03 0 10,698
2022-05-02 0 10,698
2022-05-01 3 10,698
2022-04-30 0 10,695
2022-04-29 0 10,695
2022-04-28 0 10,695
2022-04-27 1 10,695
2022-04-26 21 10,694
2022-04-25 3 10,673
2022-04-24 3,430 4,057,772 12 10,670 37,730 220 4,009,152
2022-04-23 6,649 0 10,658
2022-04-22 0 10,658
2022-04-21 2,699 0 10,658
2022-04-20 4,050 11 10,658
2022-04-19 4,260 0 10,647
2022-04-18 4,923 17 10,647
2022-04-17 3,311 18 10,630
2022-04-16 2,500 0 10,612
2022-04-15 3,258 0 10,612
2022-04-14 5,773 11 10,612
2022-04-13 5253 0
2022-04-12 5,489 10 10,601
2022-04-11 8,314 3,997,863 7 10,591 45,438 272 3,941,841
2022-04-10 4,341 25 10,584
2022-04-09 5,688 0 10,559
2022-04-08 5,303 0 10,559
2022-04-07 7,750 4 10,559
2022-04-06 7,041 1 10,555
2022-04-05 10,241 0 10,554
2022-04-04 14,346 24 10,554
2022-04-03 8670 15 10,530
2022-04-02 7664 19 10,515
2022-04-01 8587 11 10,496
2022-03-31 0 10,485
2022-03-30 10164 0 10,485
2022-03-29 18019 0 10,485
2022-03-28 11,967 0 10,485
2022-03-27 10,293 3,858,314 25 10,485 81,187 287 3,766,357
2022-03-26 12,321 0 10,460
2022-03-25 17,635 5 10,460
2022-03-24 3,430 0 10,455
2022-03-23 13,001 6 10,455
2022-03-22 15,821 18 10,449
2022-03-21 13,055 0 10,431
2022-03-20 12 10,431
2022-03-19 7,906 3,751,049 2 10,419 41,550 291 3,698,791
2022-03-18 5,641 0 10,417
2022-03-17 8,056 12 10,417
2022-03-16 4,766 6 10,405
2022-03-15 7,172 7 10,399
2022-03-14 5,970 13 10,392
2022-03-13 6,557 12 10,379
2022-03-12 5,410 8 10,367
2022-03-11 0 10,359
2022-03-10 13,135 36 10,359
2022-03-09 6,171 0 10,322
2022-03-08 4,171 3,684,810 5 10,322 48,591 419 3,625,478
2022-03-07 7,529 3,680,639 35 10,317
2022-03-06 3,991 3,673,110 8 10,282
2022-03-05 7,048 3,669,119 10 10,274
2022-03-04 8,463 3,662,071 25 10,264
2022-03-03 2,377 3,653,608 2 10,239 57,567 510 3,585,292
2022-03-02 9,927 19 10,237
2022-03-01 6,794 3,641,304 20 10,218
2022-02-28 16,065 3,634,510 72 10,198
2022-02-27 4,680 3,618,445 8 10,126
2022-02-26 6,254 3,613,765 4 10,118 100,049 657 3,502,941
2022-02-25 5,607 3,607,511 9 10,114
2022-02-24 12,571 3,601,904 30 10,105
2022-02-23 12,410 3,589,333 37 10,075
2022-02-22 10,107 3,576,923 37 10,038 112,514 695 3,453,676
2022-02-21 13,951 3,566,816 30 10,001
2022-02-20 17,803 3,552,865 129 9,971
2022-02-19 11,598 3,535,062 14 9,842
2022-02-18 15,242 3,523,464 60 9,828
2022-02-17 16,257 3,508,222 81 9,768 167,954 911 3,329,589
2022-02-16 17,838 3,491,965 36 9,687
2022-02-15 22,594 3,474,127 27 9,651
2022-02-14 25,430 3,421,433 80 9,624
2022-02-13 31,338 3,426,103 78 9,544
2022-02-12 20,061 3,394,765 32 9,466 308,171 1,070 3,056,029
2022-02-11 27,047 3,374,704 35 9,334
2022-02-10 31,422 3,347,657 62 9,399
2022-02-09 29,955 3,316,235 34 9,337
2022-02-08 38,854 3,286,280 77 9,303
2022-02-07 50,878 3,247,426 46 9,226
2022-02-06 53,730 42 9,180 424,236 1,254 2,757,352
2022-02-05 31,511 3,142,818 27 9,138
2022-02-04 62,302 3,111,307 98 9,111
2022-02-03 58,677 3,049,005 86 9,013 470,191 1,134 2,510,076
2022-02-02 23,877 2,990,328 1 8,927
2022-02-01 65,875 2,966,451 121 8,926
2022-01-31 70,415 2,900,576 80 8,805
2022-01-30 71,130 67 8,725
2022-01-29 53,928 2,759,031 59 8,658
2022-01-28 45,376 2,705,103 43 8,599
2022-01-27 60,271 2,659,727 43 8,556
2022-01-26 76,155 2,599,456 25 8,513
2022-01-25 64,094 2,488,924 7 8,488 614,515 732 1,865,189
2022-01-24 63,446 11 8,481
2022-01-23 83,739 21 8,470
2022-01-22 66,908 2,212,596 22 8,449 441,497 732 1,761,974
2022-01-21 65,548 21 8,427
2022-01-20 74,989 18 8,406
2022-01-19 73,931 16 8,388
2022-01-18 71,844 10 8,372 252,657 446 1,530,716
2022-01-17 66,874 1,792,137 22 8,359
2022-01-16 64,683 9 8,344
2022-01-15 44,978 12 8,335 296,923 387 1,462,522
2022-01-14 63,110 6 8,298
2022-01-13 59,333 3 8,293
2022-01-12 47,073 16 8,290
2022-01-11 31,502 1,557,604 3 8,274 168,896 221 1,380,216
2022-01-10 23,566 0 8,271
2022-01-09 30,970 1,500,963 1 8,271 117,656 204 1,374,834
2022-01-08 22,829 2 8,270
2022-01-07 21,931 2 8,268
2022-01-06 18,877 1,448,455 1 8,266 78,127 133 1,361,936
2022-01-05 18,366 4 8,265
2022-01-04 12,255 0 8,261
2022-01-03 10,693 3 8,261
2022-01-02 6,589 4 8,258
2022-01-01 6,798 2 8,254 29,858 101 1,351,044
2021-12-31 3,866 1,380,053 0 8,252 22,688 92 1,349,030
2021-12-30 5,600 1 8,252
2021-12-29 3,446 2 8,251
2021-12-28 2,995 1 8,249
2021-12-27 3,046 3 8,248
2021-12-26 1,135 2 8,245
2021-12-25 1,561 1,363,577 1 8,243 12,307 88 1,342,941
2021-12-24 1,005 1 8,242
2021-12-23 2,091 1 8,241
2021-12-22 1,127 4 8,240
2021-12-21 920 0 8,235
2021-12-20 1,636 1,356,579 1 8,241 7,348 84 1,340,915
2021-12-19 705 1 8,239
2021-12-18 785 1 8,233
2021-12-17 720 2 8,235
2021-12-16 878 3 8,230
2021-12-15 627 3 8,227
2021-12-14 830 1 8,224
2021-12-13 731 7 8,223
2021-12-12 443 6 8,216
2021-12-11 387 0 8,210
2021-12-10 0 8,210
2021-12-09 626 0 8,210
2021-12-08 859 1,347,877 0 8210 6,078 106 1,333,483
2021-12-07 804 1,347,474 1 8210 5,600 106 1,333,437
2021-12-06 564 5 8209 5,757 112 1,332,537
2021-12-05 614 1,346,106 0 8204
2021-12-04 409 1 8204
2021-12-03 415 1 8203
2021-12-02 565 1 8202
2021-12-01 443 2 8201
2021-11-30 684 3 8199
2021-11-29 766 7 8196
2021-11-28 329 5 8189
2021-11-27 340 1 8184
2021-11-26 236 0 8182
2021-11-25 0 4 8182
2021-11-24 0 1 8178
2021-11-23 140 1,341,305 0 8,177 5,954 128 1,327,046
2021-11-22 550 1,341,165 1 8,177 5,500 129 58
2021-11-21 464 1,340,615 22 8,176
2021-11-20 426 1,340,151 0 8,154 5,144 133 1,326,647
2021-11-19 306 1,339,723 0 8,154
2021-11-18 467 1,339,417 0 8,154
2021-11-17 516 1,338,950 6 8,154
2021-11-16 547 1,338,434 5 8,148
2021-11-15 526 1,337,887 0 8,143
2021-11-14 479 1,337,361 3 8,143 5,439 156 1,323,415
2021-11-13 295 1,336,882 0 8,140
2021-11-12 303 1,336,587 2 8,140
2021-11-11 399 1,336,284 2 8,138
2021-11-10 510 1,335,885 2 8,136
2021-11-09 458 1,335,375 10 8,134
2021-11-08 732 1,334,917 1 8,124
2021-11-07 511 1,334,185 9 8,123
2021-11-06 411 1,333,674 2 8,114
2021-11-05 344 1,333,263 0 8,112
2021-11-04 521 1,332,919 3 8,112
2021-11-03 606 1,332,398 3 8,109
2021-11-02 666 1,331,792 3 8,106
2021-11-01 690 1,331,126 3 8,103
2021-10-31 530 1,330,436 9 8,100
2021-10-30 369 1,327,111 6 8,091 9,857 227 1,308,942
2021-10-29 395 1,326,742 4 8,085
2021-10-28 851 1,326,347 8 8,081
2021-10-27 433 1,325,496 10 8,073
2021-10-26 784 1,325,063 1 8,063
2021-10-25 877 1,324,279 13 8,062
2021-10-24 866 1,323,402 3 8,049
2021-10-23 642 1,322,536 7 8,046
2021-10-22 639 1,321,894 4 8,039
2021-10-21 970 1,321,225 5 8,035 14,359 318 1,298,172
2021-10-20 1,058 1,320,285 7 8,030 2,245
2021-10-19 1,112 1,319,227 13 8,023 1,685
2021-10-18 1,457 1,318,115 11 8,010 17,173 357 1,752 1,292,110
2021-10-17 1,180 1,316,658 18 7,999 2,915
2021-10-16 1,265 1,315,478 5 7,981 1,291
2021-10-15 1,002 1,314,213 2 7,976 2,069
2021-10-14 1,373 1,313,211 15 7,974 20,658 385 3,071 1,283,893
2021-10-13 1,730 1,311,838 2 7,959 3,176
2021-10-12 1,770 1,310,108 17 7,957 2,583
2021-10-11 2,303 1,308,338 4 7,940 24,328 435 2,564 1,274,581
2021-10-10 1,485 1,306,035 13 7,936 5,087
2021-10-09 1,773 1,304,550 12 7,923 3,207
2021-10-08 1,809 1,302,083 7 7,911 31,432 436 2,963
2021-10-07 2,379 1,300,968 42 7,904 4,203 1,261,122
2021-10-06 1,624 1,298,589 7 7,862 33,336 472 4,109 1,256,919
2021-10-05 2,625 1,296,965 12 7,855 4,062
2021-10-04 3,230 1,294,340 18 7,843 4,397
2021-10-03 2,679 1,291,110 43 7,825 7,585
2021-10-02 2,861 1,287,977 16 7,782 43,803 587 4,374 1,235,809
2021-10-01 3,352 1,285,570 5 7,766 4,245
2021-09-30 3,587 29 7,761 6,757
2021-09-29 3,659 40 7,732 9,490
2021-09-28 4,742 8 7,692 6,243
2021-09-27 3,514 9 7,684 7,983
2021-09-26 3,243 26 7,675 5,291
2021-09-25 6,873 38 7,649 8,989
2021-09-24 853 1,256,600 0 7,611 64,892 703 1,943 1,183,394
2021-09-23 6,419 19 7,611 9,733
2021-09-22 5,954 15 7,592 11,531
2021-09-21 8,310 9 7,577
2021-09-20 5,394 1,235,064 27 7,568 74,025 708 13,298 1,152,776
2021-09-19 8,154 30 7,541 14,976
2021-09-18 7,477 17 7,511
2021-09-17 5,636 1,208,403 29 7,494 83,257 654 1,117,027
2021-09-16 6,191 13 7,465
2021-09-15 5,219 14 7,452
2021-09-14 12,940 32 7,438
2021-09-13 7,783 23 7,406
2021-09-12 7,822 45 7,383
2021-09-11 14,162 17 7,338
2021-09-10 5,861 8 7,321
2021-09-09 7,872 52 7,313
2021-09-08 3,303 11 7,261
2021-09-07 6,798 19 7,250
2021-09-06 10,780 13 7,231
2021-09-05 6,038 64 7,218
2021-09-04 8,663 25 7,154
2021-09-03 6,244 7 7,129
2021-09-02 11,852 36 7,122
2021-09-01 20,523 43 7,086
2021-08-31 1,687 0 7,043
2021-08-30 11,137 54 7,043
2021-08-29 6,832 39 6,989
2021-08-28 10,589 1,045,212 3 6950 80,514 703 957,045
2021-08-27 4,033 1,031,810 10 6947 77,653 689 7081 946,525
2021-08-26 8,383 1,030,590 29 6937 9497
2021-08-25 8,961 1,022,207 28 6908
2021-08-24 10,087 1,013,246 24 6880 2459
2021-08-23 9,948 1,003,159 26 6856 5798
2021-08-22 6,668 993,211 55 6,830 65,111 669 917,818
2021-08-21 8,331 986,543 16 6,775 66,908 645 3,159 911,013
2021-08-20 4,908 978,212 7 6,759 5,834
2021-08-19 7,814 973,304 29 6,752 61,370 599 5,896 901,890
2021-08-18 7,943 965,490 19 6723 58,700 578 4401 893,143
2021-08-17 8,012 957,547 17 6704 3521
2021-08-16 8,730 949,535 19 6687 3403
2021-08-15 5,148 940,805 46 6668 4926
2021-08-14 6,383 935,657 11 6622 1940
2021-08-13 3,689 929,274 7 6611 2956
2021-08-12 6,163 925,585 17 6604 3747
2021-08-11 5,946 919,422 16 6587 3483
2021-08-10 7,071 913,476 12 6571 2004
2021-08-09 5,923 906,405 17 6559 32,736 373 2106 865,583
2021-08-08 3,156 900,482 7 6542 29,748 363 4,528 863,268
2021-08-07 4,221 897,326 19 6535 795
2021-08-06 2,904 893,105 7 6516 1013
2021-08-05 4,435 890,201 6 6509 2,252
2021-08-04 2,968 885,766 8 6503 1735
2021-08-03 3,148 882,798 8 6495 1145
2021-08-02 3,849 879,650 10 6487 1165
2021-08-01 1,783 875,801 4 6477 18,343 206 1869 850,687
2021-07-31 2,675 874,018 4 6473 18,072 201 607 849,081
2021-07-30 2,280 871,343 3 6469 1398
2021-07-29 1,823 869,063 4 6466 1245
2021-07-28 2,328 867,240 1 6462 1230
2021-07-27 2,195 864,912 0 6461 746
2021-07-26 2,065 862,717 1 6461 863
2021-07-25 1,254 860,652 2 6460 1223
2021-07-24 1421 859,398 1 6458 415
2021-07-23 991 857,977 0 6457 642 840,903
2021-07-22 1,434 856,986 3 6457 748
2021-07-21 1,118 855,552 2 6454 861
2021-07-20 1,491 854,434 2 6452 150
2021-07-19 1,220 852,943 1 6450 6,886 66 389 838,774
2021-07-18 755 851,723 3 6449 620
2021-07-17 864 850,968 2 6446 550
2021-07-16 830 850,104 1 6,444 5,765 52 199 837,394
2021-07-15 952 849,274 2 6443 534
2021-07-14 797 848,322 2 6441 406
2021-07-13 1,198 847,525 1 6439 463
2021-07-12 193 846,327 0 6438 4,050 47 131 835,792
2021-07-11 323 846,134 3 6438
2021-07-10 432 845,811 1 6435 270
2021-07-09 390 845,379 2 6434 3,652 39 311
2021-07-08 611 844,989 3 6432 251 834,687
2021-07-07 486 844,378 0 6429 3,467 46 155 834,436
2021-07-06 427 843,892 0 6429 3,144 38 86 834,281
2021-07-05 496 843,465 1 6429 144
2021-07-04 321 842,969 0 6428 257
2021-07-03 277 842,648 0 6428 67
2021-07-02 304 842,371 0 6428 127
2021-07-01 290 824,067 0 6428 134
2021-06-30 291 841,777 0 6428 69
2021-06-29 290 841,486 0 6428 68
2021-06-28 308 841,184 0 6428 1,403 22 50 833,329
2021-06-27 65 840,888 0 6428 1,157 23 42 833,279
2021-06-26 185 840,823 0 6728 961 27 16 833,221
2021-06-25 208 840,638 0 6428 9 833,108
2021-06-24 205 840,430 0 6428 21 833,099
2021-06-23 146 840,225 0 6428 17 833,078
2021-06-22 89 840,079 0 6428 113
2021-06-21 123 839,953 0 6428 0
2021-06-20 37 839,830 0 6428 316 25 0 833,061
2021-06-19 61 839,830 0 6428 0
2021-06-18 22 839,769 0 6428 0
2021-06-17 27 839,747 0 6428 206 25 0 833,061
2021-06-16 19 839,720 0 6428 9
2021-06-15 11 839,701 0 6428 23
2021-06-14 24 839,690 0 6428 6
2021-06-13 5 839,666 0 6428 12
2021-06-12 8 839,661 0 6428 4
2021-06-11 23 839.653 0 6428 10
2021-06-10 45 839,630 10 6418 16
2021-06-09 0 839,585 0 6418 0
2021-06-08 0 839,585 0 6418 0
2021-06-07 14 839,585 1 6418 49
2021-06-06 5 839,571 0 6417 0
2021-06-05 27 839,566 1 6417 9
2021-06-04 7 839,539 1 6416 5
2021-06-03 15 839,532 0 6,415 292 46 26 832,764
2021-06-02 6 839,517 2 6,415 22 832,738
2021-06-01 36 839,511 1 6,413 29 832,716
2021-05-31 17 839,475 1 6,412 20 832,687
2021-05-30 5 839,458 4 6,411 45 832,667
2021-05-29 20 839,453 0 6,407 14 832,622
2021-05-28 13 839,433 1 6,407 35 832,608
2021-05-27 12 839420 0 6,406 33 832,573
2021-05-26 19 839,408 0 6,406 387 49 43 832,540
2021-05-25 28 839,389 0 6,406 82 832,497
2021-05-24 42 839,361 2 6,406 36 832,415
2021-05-23 11 839,319 7 6,404 54 832,379
2021-05-22 18 839,308 0 6,397 20 832,325
2021-05-21 27 839,290 1 6,397 36 832,305
2021-05-20 42 839,263 1 6,396 509 63 63 832,269
2021-05-19 54 839,221 3 6,395 536 58 88 832,206
2021-05-18 8 839,167 3 6,392 51 832,118
2021-05-17 40 839,159 7 6,389 21 832,067
2021-05-16 2 839,119 1 6,382 689 66 91 832,046
2021-05-15 38 839,117 1 6,381 31 831,955
2021-05-14 20 839,079 1 6,380 62 831,924
2021-05-13 29 839,059 0 6,379 62 831,862
2021-05-12 30 839,030 1 6,379 88 831,800
2021-05-11 43 839,000 0 6,378 118 831,712
2021-05-10 65 838,957 1 6,378 877 78 0 831,594
2021-05-09 7 838,892 1 6,377 815 80 140 831,594
2021-05-08 27 838,885 1 6,376 48 831,454
2021-05-07 30 838,858 1 6,375 101 831,406
2021-05-06 61 838,828 4 6,374 113 831,305
2021-05-05 70 838,767 1 6,370 128 831,192
2021-05-04 76 838,697 2 6,369 1,166 93 95 831,094
2021-05-03 67 838,621 1 6,367 117 830,969
2021-05-02 73 838,554 3 6,366 253 830,852
2021-05-01 0 838,481 0 6,363 0 830,599
2021-04-30 74 838,481 1 6,363 95 830,599
2021-04-29 84 838,407 1 6,362 1,412 114 159 830,504
2021-04-28 106 838,323 2 6,361 1,465 120 166 830,345
2021-04-27 110 838,217 6 6,359 117 830,179
2021-04-26 83 838,107 1 6,353 1,517 145 105 830,062
2021-04-25 50 838,024 2 6,352 1,559 146 172 829,957
2021-04-24 82 837,974 4 6350 115 829,711
2021-04-23 85 837,892 0 6,346 272 829,596
2021-04-22 315 837,807 0 6,346 297 829,324
2021-04-21 135 837,492 1 6,346 225 829,027
2021-04-20 139 837,357 4 6,345 2,025 181 216 828,802
2021-04-19 171 837,218 6 6,341 198 828,586
2021-04-18 165 837,047 4 6,335 2,334 206 524 828,388
2021-04-17 142 836,882 16 6,331 219 827,864
2021-04-16 34 836,740 1 6,315 2,651 205 298 827,645
2021-04-15 202 836,706 2 6,314 263 827,347
2021-04-14 170 836,504 3 6,312 416 827,084
2021-04-13 176 836,334 5 6,309 274 826,668
2021-04-12 225 836,158 8 6,304 3,231 253 289 826,394
2021-04-11 122 835,933 4 6,296 690 826105
2021-04-10 137 835,811 12 6,292 320 825,425
2021-04-09 188 835,674 1 6,280 447 825,105
2021-04-08 270 835,486 13 6,279 588 824,658
2021-04-07 296 835,216 9 6,266 428 824,070
2021-04-06 317 834,920 9 6,257 4,614 317 402 823,642
2021-04-05 356 834,603 5 6,248 543 823,240
2021-04-04 177 834,247 7 6,243 5,008 344 1,039 822,697
2021-04-03 363 834,070 16 6,236 842 821,658
2021-04-02 251 833,707 0 6,220 203 820,816
2021-04-01 351 833,456 11 6,220 1,038 820,613
2021-03-31 466 833,105 12 6,209 6,879 394 1,967 819,575
2021-03-30 514 832,639 0 6,197 0 817,608
2021-03-29 201 832,125 12 6,197 1,480 817,608
2021-03-28 541 831,924 20 6,185 9,140 468 1,713 816,125
2021-03-27 0 831,383 0 6,165 0 814,412
2021-03-26 538 831,383 2 6,165 1,491 814,412
2021-03-25 817 830,845 9 6,163 2,006 812,921
2021-03-24 339 830,028 32 6,154 13,903 500 2,139 810,915
2021-03-23 925 829,689 13 6,122 1,216 808,776
2021-03-22 992 828,764 17 6,109 1,986 807,500
2021-03-21 552 827,772 10 6,092 15,705 548 3,330 805,574
2021-03-20 611 827,220 9 6,082 18,324 549 1,609 802,244
2021-03-19 1,047 826,609 4 6,073 2,416 800,592
2021-03-18 1,384 825,562 12 6,069 21,479 549 4,372 798,176
2021-03-17 1,475 824,178 9 6,057 3,383 793,804
2021-03-16 1,790 822,703 18 6,048 2,445 790,421
2021-03-15 2,365 820,913 22 6,030 26,181 603 3,546 787,976
2021-03-14 749 818,548 20 6,008 8,467 784,109
2021-03-13 1,601 817,799 8 5,988 34,967 626 203 775,642
2021-03-12 1,948 816,198 13 5,980 34,963 613 2,127 775,439
2021-03-11 2,758 814,250 17 5,967 4,832 773,312
2021-03-10 3,230 811,492 17 5,950 4,492 768,480
2021-03-09 3,671 808,262 18 5,933 37,181 660 3,087 763,988
2021-03-08 3,016 804,591 24 5,915 36,629 689 2,592 761,358
2021-03-07 1,848 801,575 35 5,891 5,460 756,850
2021-03-06 3,262 799,727 22 5,856 2,645 751,390
2021-03-05 3,058 796465 12 5,834 4,433 748,745
2021-03-04 3,922 793407 19 5,822 5,061 744,312
2021-03-03 4,267 789485 13 5,803 2,715 739,251
2021-03-02 5,260 785218 30 5790 2,602 736,536
2021-03-01 2,365 779,958 8 5,760 37,738 742 1,317 733,934
2021-02-28 2,472 775,807 20 5,752 39,332 776 5,608 -
2021-02-27 2,555 773,335 35 5,732 38,996 760 1,849 727,009
2021-02-26 3,054 770,780 10 5,697 3,419 725,160
2021-02-25 3,970 767,726 27 5,687 4,612 721,741
2021-02-24 4,184 763,756 26 5,660 39,362 785 5,367 717,129
2021-02-23 4,574 759,572 38 5,634 40,689 798 2,934 711,762
2021-02-22 4,955 754,998 19 5,596 38,802 838 5,603 708,828
2021-02-21 5,530 750,043 51 5,577 10,288 703,225
2021-02-20 0 744,513 0 5,526 44,385 872 0 692,937
2021-02-19 2,579 744,513 17 5,526 5,319 692,937
2021-02-18 3,305 741,934 36 5,509 7,162 687,618
2021-02-17 4,054 738,629 32 5,473 7,341 680,456
2021-02-16 4,282 734,575 27 5,441 3,430 673,115
2021-02-15 5,913 730,293 26 5,414 53,813 990 6,519 669,685
2021-02-14 2,534 724,380 37 5,388 8,440 663,166
2021-02-13 3,100 721,846 47 5,351 3,997 654,726
2021-02-12 3,934 718,746 21 5,304 64,375 985 6,590 650,729
2021-02-11 5,083 714,812 26 5,283 8,743 644,139
2021-02-10 6,010 709,729 41 5,257 7,956 635,396
2021-02-09 7,191 703,719 45 5,216 69,032 1,088 4,920 627,440
2021-02-08 7,189 696,528 58 5,171 4,987 622,520
2021-02-07 3,756 689,339 42 5,113 8,952 617,533
2021-02-06 4,727 685,583 51 5,071 70,511 1,124 18,322 608,581
2021-02-05 5,238 680,856 19 5,020 1,334 590,259
2021-02-04 6,744 675,618 53 5,001 407 588,925
2021-02-03 8,896 668,874 61 4948 73,507 1,108 6882 588,518
2021-02-02 7,732 659978 71 4887 9221 581,636
2021-02-01 8,811 652246 20 4816 467 572,415
2021-01-31 4,646 643435 58 4796 10856 571,948
2021-01-30 4,798 638789 38 4738 3636 561,092
2021-01-29 5,096 633991 31 4700 6530 557,456
2021-01-28 7,305 628895 64 4,669 73,643 1,178 9374 550,926
2021-01-27 8,012 621,590 93 4,605 74,713 1,207 7,671 541,552
2021-01--26 7,213 613,578 14 4,512 4,840 533,881
2021-01-25 8,962 606,365 79 4,498 6,366 529,041
2021-01-24 3,442 597,403 78 4,419 10,536 522,675
2021-01-23 4,933 593,961 75 4,341 75,612 1,171 8,112 512,139
2021-01-22 6,159 589,028 21 4,266 7,242 504,027
2021-01-21 7,027 582,869 64 4,245 80,120 1,156 9,189 496,785
2021-01-20 10,213 575,842 101 4181 9492 486,808
2021-01-19 7,380 565,629 36 4080 5325 477,316
2021-01-18 9,917 558,249 39 4044 80,371 1,161 12,349 471,991
2021-01-17 4,833 548,332 46 4005 5294 458,261
2021-01-16 8,450 543,499 49 3959 2571 452,967
2021-01-15 5,235 535,049 40 3910 6050 450,396
2021-01-14 9,754 529,814 53 3870 9286 444,346
2021-01-13 9,997 520,060 47 3817 7861 435,060
2021-01-12 8,990 510,063 66 3770 72,895 1,071 2,805 427,199
2021-01-11 9,754 501,073 33 3,704 5,099 424,394
2021-01-10 5,885 491,319 26 3,671 66,708 1,033 7,611 419,295
2021-01-09 8,077 485,434 49 3,645 67,802 964 3,543 411,684
2021-01-08 6,309 477,357 44 3,596 5,840 406,880
2021-01-07 7,600 471,048 25 3,552 4,545 401,040
2021-01-06 7,309 463,448 32 3,527 4,657 396,495
2021-01-05 7,966 456,139 50 3,495 58,548 828 2,895 391,838
2021-01-04 9,304 448,173 29 3,445 3,736 388,943
2021-01-03 4,070 438,869 24 3,416 48,139 769 5,179 385,207
2021-01-02 6,289 434,799 36 3,392 47,962 739 1,990 380,028
2021-01-01 5,248 428,510 31 3,356 44,695 678 3,589 378,038
2020-12-31 6,678 423,262 18 3,325 4,038 376,322
2020-12-30 4,186 416,584 15 3,307 3,167 372,284
2020-12-29 5,113 412,398 36 3,292 38,844 623 2,599 369,117
2020-12-28 5,815 407,285 30 3,256 2,506 366,518
2020-12-27 2,806 401,470 16 3,226 4,029 364,012
2020-12-26 4,273 398,664 24 3,210 34,435 561 2,116 359,983
2020-12-25 4,713 394,391 15 3,186 3,194 357,867
2020-12-24 4,656 389,678 21 3,171 2,798 354,673
2020-12-23 2,535 385,022 14 3,150 29,500 497 689 351,875
2020-12-22 4,228 382,487 25 3,136 2,313 351,117
2020-12-21 3,499 378,259 12 3,111 767 348,804
2020-12-20 1,874 374,760 25 3,099 2,517 348,037
2020-12-19 2,734 372,886 17 3,074 1,217 345,520
2020-12-18 2,177 370,152 7 3,057 1,388 344,303
2020-12-17 2,933 367,975 16 3,050 1,768 342,915
2020-12-16 4,412 365,042 20 3,034 2,432 341,147
2020-12-15 1,124 360,630 10 3,014 366 338,715
2020-12-14 2,330 359,506 5 3,004 1,232 338,349
2020-12-13 1,390 357,176 16 2,999 16,452 349 1,943 337,117
2020-12-12 2,517 355,786 14 2,983 16,858 322 1,343 335,174
2020-12-11 872 353,269 8 2,969 509 333,831
2020-12-10 2,126 352,397 27 2,961 1,302 333,322
2020-12-09 1,986 350,271 2 2,934 1,034 332,020
2020-12-08 1,488 348,285 8 2,932 867 330,986
2020-12-07 1,891 346,797 7 2,924 820 330,119
2020-12-06 1,080 344,906 8 2,917 1,619 329,299
2020-12-05 1,725 343,826 13 2,909 587 327,680
2020-12-04 1,059 342,101 5 2,896 12,740 314 518 327,093
2020-12-03 1,423 341,042 8 2,891 1,384 326,575
2020-12-02 1,492 339,619 6 2,883 811 325,191
2020-12-01 1,281 338,127 12 2,877 700 324,380
2020-11-30 1,248 336,846 1 2,865 9,804 268 682 323,680
2020-11-29 809 335,598 10 2,864 9,678 273 1,055 322,998
2020-11-28 987 334,789 15 2,854 9,648 276 666 321,943
2020-11-27 718 333,802 5 2,839 525 321,277
2020-11-26 1,169 333,084 8 2,834 900 320,752
2020-11-25 980 331,915 4 2,826 835 319,852
2020-11-24 937 330,935 11 2,822 8,680 278 936 319,017
2020-11-23 1,080 329,998 12 2,811 8,289 297 714 318,081
2020-11-22 521 328,918 42 2,799 7,933 299 716 317,367
2020-11-21 649 328,397 13 2,757 8,158 313 627 316,651
2020-11-20 699 327,748 2 2,744 614 316,024
2020-11-19 718 327,049 3 2,742 612 315,410
2020-11-18 794 326,331 3 2,739 667 314,798
2020-11-17 782 325,537 1 2,736 7,733 319 558 314,131
2020-11-16 1,014 324,755 3 2,735 7,551 320 713 313,573
2020-11-15 402 323,741 11 2,732 7,325 304 755 312,860
2020-11-14 644 323,339 5 2,721 7,681 294 494 312,105
2020-11-13 536 322,695 10 2,716 1,526 311,611
2020-11-12 833 322,159 6 2,706 8,067 312 0 310,085
2020-11-11 665 321,326 16 2,700 8,170 305 765 310,085
2020-11-10 773 320,661 6 2,684 7,760 306 640 309,320
2020-11-09 647 319,888 4 2,678 637 308,680
2020-11-08 292 319,241 10 2,674 1,090 308,043
2020-11-07 547 318,949 20 2,664 553 306,953
2020-11-06 539 318,402 5 2,644 777 306,400
2020-11-05 531 317,863 42 2,639 9,050 357 787 305,623
2020-11-04 804 317,332 5 2,597 1,257 305,243
2020-11-03 892 316,528 12 2,592 9,497 393 664 303,986
2020-11-02 693 315,636 26 2,580 696 303,322
2020-11-01 521 314,943 15 2,554 9,370 392 1,468 302,626
2020-10-31 721 314,422 25 2,539 10,267 419 1,419 301,158
2020-10-30 587 313,701 6 2,514 10,936 429 1,123 300,775
2020-10-29 564 313,114 14 2,508 1,396 299,652
2020-10-28 826 312,550 11 2,494 11,581 471 1,387 298,256
2020-10-27 873 311,724 31 2,483 1,802 295,916
2020-10-26 905 310,851 55 2,452 1,745 294,114
2020-10-25 533 309,946 25 2,397 15,287 548 1,903 292,369
2020-10-24 573 309,413 43 2,372 15,326 552 1,076 290,466
2020-10-23 593 308,840 10 2,329 16,608 575 227 1,793 289,390
2020-10-22 912 308,247 28 2,319 2,862 287,597
2020-10-21 1,173 307,335 13 2,291 20,562 617 2,970 284,735
2020-10-20 1,286 306,162 15 2,278 22,991 640 4,111 281,765
2020-10-19 1,767 304,876 54 2,263 28,975 653 10,301 277,654
2020-10-18 339 303,109 19 2,209 670 2,648 267,353
2020-10-17 874 302,770 49 2,190 673 2,942 264,705
2020-10-16 1,695 301,896 14 2,141 37,406 716 5,277 261,763
2020-10-15 1,701 300,201 29 2,127 5,515 256,486
2020-10-14 1,848 298,500 43 2,098 5,900 250,971
2020-10-13 2,621 296,652 34 2,055 49,978 802 7,130 245,071
2020-10-12 3,538 294,031 41 2,021 10,023 237,941
2020-10-11 618 290,493 39 1,980 2,933 227,918
2020-10-10 2,017 289,875 55 1,941 61,322 845 477 224,985
2020-10-09 2,522 287,858 22 1,886 3,677 224,508
2020-10-08 3,855 285,336 40 1,864 60,605 863 4,958 220,831
2020-10-07 4,455 281,481 27 1,824 5,216 215,873
2020-10-06 4,717 277,026 40 1,797 7,042 210,657
2020-10-05 5,534 272,309 38 1,757 65,316 883 8,726 203,615
2020-10-04 2,332 266,775 37 1,719 68,527 900 4,378 195,622
2020-10-03 5,523 264,443 49 1,682 71,068 839 6,129 191,244
2020-10-02 5,430 258,920 11 1,633 5,654 185,115
2020-10-01 7,996 253,490 53 1,622 4,962 179,461
2020-09-30 8,568 245,494 41 1,569 67,290 821 6,702 174,499
2020-09-29 3,661 236,926 21 1,528 65,596 778 2,613 167,797
2020-09-28 2,239 233,265 41 1,507 5,260 165,184
2020-09-27 3,926 231,026 25 1,466 2,394 159,924
2020-09-26 9,201 227,100 29 1,441 66,918 728 3,963 157,530
2020-09-25 5,784 217,899 34 1,412 4,761 153,567
2020-09-24 7,425 212,115 53 1,378 3,850 151,806
2020-09-23 11,316 204,690 40 1,325 56,500 634 4,212 144,956
2020-09-22 2,445 193,374 12 1,285 3,971 140,747
2020-09-21 3,027 190,929 17 1,273 51,610 653 2,711 136,776
2020-09-20 4,300 187,902 30 1256 1,620 134,065
2020-09-19 4,531 183,602 30 1226 2,425 132,445
2020-09-18 3,815 179,071 27 1196 3,695 130,020
2020-09-17 4,791 175,256 8 1169 3,110 126,325
2020-09-16 6,063 170,465 14 1,161 44,594 551 2,492 123,215
2020-09-15 4,034 164,402 11 1,147 40,156 533 2,157 120,723
2020-09-14 4,764 160,368 17 1,136 3,572 118,566
2020-09-13 2,882 155,604 16 1,119 37,503 513 1,502 114,994
2020-09-12 4,158 152,722 13 1,103 1,768 113,492
2020-09-11 3,038 148,564 13 1,090 1,786 111,724
2020-09-10 4,429 145,526 23 1,077 1,588 109,938
2020-09-09 3,532 141,097 14 1,054 30,788 478 1,351 108,350
2020-09-08 3,590 137,565 14 1,040 27,493 467 1,548 106,999
2020-09-07 3,331 133,975 7 1,026 2,978 105,451
2020-09-06 1,708 130,644 12 1,019 26,236 447 996 102,473
2020-09-05 2,517 128,936 14 1,007 1,124 101,477
2020-09-04 1,964 126,419 8 993 1,712 100,353
2020-09-03 2,991 124,455 16 985 1,411 98,641
2020-09-02 2,926 121,464 12 969 1,020 97,230
2020-09-01 1,942 118,538 18 957 1,205 96,210
2020-08-31 2,576 116,596 20 939 19,881 453 2,213 95,005
2020-08-30 555 114,020 13 919 19,710 441 692 92,792
2020-08-29 1,465 113,465 12 906 19,893 438 1,068 92,100
2020-08-28 1,597 112,000 10 894 3,325 91,032
2020-08-27 2,000 110,403 9 884 1,260 87,707
2020-08-26 1,943 108,403 16 875 2,644 86,447
2020-08-25 1,988 106,460 12 859 2,180 83,803
2020-08-24 1,809 104,472 13 847 2,128 81,623
2020-08-23 730 102,663 15 834 21,647 398 863 79,495
2020-08-22 1,217 101,933 10 819 866 78,632
2020-08-21 1,117 100,716 14 809 3,206 77,766
2020-08-20 1,630 99,599 14 795 23,481 389 1,487 74,560
2020-08-19 1,560 97,969 73[336][337] 781 23,520 398 1,102 73,073
2020-08-18 1,658 96,409 16 708 1,699 71,971
2020-08-17 2,071 94,751 7 692 22,919 399 1,781 70,272
2020-08-16 447 92,680 11 685 560 68,491
2020-08-15 1,153 92,198 9 674 985 67,931
2020-08-14 1,258 91,080 14 665 2,219 66,946
2020-08-13 1,671 89,822 12 651 2,637 64,727
2020-08-12 1,558 88,151 17 639 2,029 62,090
2020-08-11 1,871 86,593 9 622 25,095 375 1,082 60,061
2020-08-10 1,720 84,722 13 613 1,465 58,979
2020-08-09 678 83,002 +0.42% 7 600 24,163 393 468 57,514
2020-08-08 1,333 82,324 +1.66% 12 593 1,758 57,046
2020-08-07 1,432 80,426 +1.81% 5 581 1,886 55,288
2020-08-06 1,640 78,994 +2.12% 11 576 2,032 53,402
2020-08-05 1,721 77,354 +2.28% 4 565 25,307 345 1,561 51,370
2020-08-04 1,768 75,633 +2.39% 15 561 2,263 49,809
2020-08-03 1,615 73,865 +2.24% 10 546 1,894 47,546
2020-08-02 597 72,250 +0.83% 10 536 575 45,652
2020-08-01 1,248 71,653 +1.77% 14 526 1,252 45,077
2020-07-31 934 70,405 +1.34% 12 512 361 43,825
2020-07-30 1,737 69,471 +2.56% 9 500 10,743 43,464
2020-07-29 1,441 67,734 +2.17% 5 491 34,193 328 564 32,721
2020-07-28 2,308 66,293 +3.60% 12 486 32,832 316 5,049 32,157
2020-07-27 2,029 63,985 +3.27% 4 474 108 27,098
2020-07-26 1,278 61,956 +2.10% 13 470 108 26,990
2020-07-25 1,203 60,678 +1.72% 9 457 32,847 312 125 26,882
2020-07-24 1,493 59,475 +2.57% 6 448 2,753 26,527
2020-07-23 1,897 57,982 +3.38% 12 442 734 23,774
2020-07-22 2,043 56,085 +3.78% 5 430 567 23,040
2020-07-21 2,039 54,042 +3.92% 10 425 589 22,473
2020-07-20 1,714 52,003 +3.41% 6 415 479 21,884
2020-07-19 924 50,289 +1.87% 8 409 27,783 254 327 21,405
2020-07-18 1,906 49,365 +4.02% 9 401 604 21,078
2020-07-17 1,400 47,459 +3.04% 8 392 374 20,474
2020-07-16 1,871 46,059 +4.23% 8 384 24,030 204 381 20,100
2020-07-15 1,828 44,188 +4.32% 5 376 324 19,989
2020-07-14 1,728 42,360 +4.25% 6 371 270 19,665
2020-07-13 1,962 40,632 +5.07% 3 365 387 19,395
2020-07-12 1,206 38,670 +3.22% 8 362 194 19,008
2020-07-11 1,198 37,464 +3.30% 3 354 18,162 134 201 18,814
2020-07-10 1,441 36,266 +4.14% 3 351 161 18,613
2020-07-09 1,268 34,825 +3.78% 4 348 114 18,452
2020-07-08 1,335 33,557 +4.14% 2 344 111 18,338
2020-07-07 1,473 32,222 +4.79% 8 342 171 18,227
2020-07-06 791 30,749 +2.64% 3 334 106 18,056
2020-07-05 788 29,958 +2.12% 1 331 11,454 86 134 17,950
2020-07-04 1,115 29,170 +3.97% 4 330 147 17,816
2020-07-03 1,008 28,055 +3.73% 2 326 122 17,669
2020-07-02 790 27,047 +3.00% 2 324 95 17,547
2020-07-01 1,013 26,257 +3.08% 2 322 8,213 58 111 17,452
2020-06-30 803 25,244 +3.29% 1 320 123 17,341
2020-06-29 686 24,441 +2.89% 1 319 144 17,218
2020-06-28 334 23,755 +1.42% 1 318 72 17,074
2020-06-27 621 23,421 +2.72% 3 317 130 17,002
2020-06-26 400 22,800 +1.79% 5 314 865 16,872
2020-06-25 356 22,400 +1.61% 1 309 67 16,007
2020-06-24 532 22,044 +1.02% 0 308 5,474 46 71 15,940
2020-06-23 430 21,512 +2.04% 1 308 108 15,869
2020-06-22 304 21,082 +1.46% 1 307 67 15,761
2020-06-21 145 20,778 +0.49% 1 306 4,700 43 108 15,694
2020-06-20 294 20,633 +1.44% 1 305 0 15,586
2020-06-19 303 20,339 +1.51% 1 304 68 15,586
2020-06-18 253 20,036 +1.28% 0 303 3,985 36 59 15,518
2020-06-17 288 19,783 +1.48% 1 303 3,985 36 46 15,459
2020-06-16 258 19,495 +1.34% 0 302 3,708 36 34 15,413
2020-06-15 182 19,237 +0.94% 2 302 40 15,379
2020-06-14 83 19,055 +0.44% 0 300 3,346 34 18 15,339
2020-06-13 177 18,972 +0.94% 0 300 3,282 33 69 15,321
2020-06-12 226 18,795 +1.2% 0 300 38 15,252
2020-06-11 214 18,569 +1.2% 1 300 82 15,214
2020-06-10 175 18,355 +0.96% 0 299 2,916 31 23[338] 9 15,168
2020-06-09 148 18,180 +0.82% 1 299 57 15,159
2020-06-08 169 18,032 +0.94% 0 298 11 15,102
2020-06-07 111 17,863 +0.62% 3 298 2,447 27 49 15,091
2020-06-06 190 17,752 +1.1% 4 295 16 15,042
2020-06-05 67 17,562 +0.38% 0 291 13 15,026
2020-06-04 118 17,495 +0.67% 0 291 30 15,013
2020-06-03 92 17,377 +0.53% 1 291 2,075 28 43 14,983
2020-06-02 116 17,285 +0.68% 5 290 2,024 31 67 14,940
2020-06-01 98 17,169 +0.21% 0 285 1,962 33 66 14,873
2020-05-31 59 17,071 +0.34% 1 285 1,935 39 1 14,807
2020-05-30 25 17,012 +0.15% 0 284 1,878 39 35 14,806
2020-05-29 115 16,987 +0.68% 0 284 97 14,771
2020-05-28 79 16,872 +0.47% 3 284 109 14,674
2020-05-27 36 16,793 +0.21% 0 281 1,903 39 113 14,565
2020-05-26 23 16,757 +0.13% 0 281 1,976 43 150 14,452
2020-05-25 17 16,734 +0.10% 2 281 154 14,302
2020-05-24 5 16,717 +0.03% 0 279 2,240 45 63 14,148
2020-05-23 22 16,712 +0.13% 0 279 2,301 47 175 14,085
2020-05-22 7 16,690 +0.04% 0 279 191 13,915
2020-05-21 16 16,683 +0.10% 0 279 220 13,724
2020-05-20 8 16,667 +0.05% 1 279 69 13,504
2020-05-19 16 16,659 +0.10% 2 278 2,896 50 182 13,435
2020-05-18 26 16,643 +0.16% 4 276 311 13,253
2020-05-17 10 16,617 +0.06% 4 272 3,353 50 87 12,942
2020-05-16 18 16,607 +0.11% 2 268 3,426 59 268 12,855
2020-05-15 10 16,589 +0.06% 1 266 66 12,587
2020-05-14 31 16,579 +0.19% 1 265 3,731 62 289 12,521
2020-05-13 19 16,548 +0.11% 4 264 149 12,232
2020-05-12 23 16,529 +0.14% 2 260 240 12,083
2020-05-11 29 16,506 +0.18% 6 258 4,332 73 413 11,843
2020-05-10 23 16,477 +0.14% 5 252 4,721 74 54 11,430
2020-05-09 18 16,454 +0.11% 2 247 4,753 78 147 11,376
2020-05-08 55 16,436 +0.34% 5 245 356 11,289
2020-05-07 71 16,381 +0.44% 1 240 5,287 236 10,933
2020-05-06 21 16,310 +0.13% 1 239 172 10,697
2020-05-05 43 16,289 +0.26% 3 238 5,719 89 401 10,525
2020-05-04 38 16,246 +0.23% 3 235 315 10,124
2020-05-03 23 16,208 +0.14% 3 232 5,877 70 156 9,809
2020-05-02 84 16,185 +0.52% 4 229 6,258 105 497 9,653
2020-05-01 155 16,101 +0.97% 3 225 6,918 105 595 9,156
2020-04-30 112 15,946 +0.71% 7 222 7,058 82 328 8,561
2020-04-29 106 15,834 +0.67% 5 215 7,521 487 8,233
2020-04-28 173 15,728 +1.1% 6 210 546 7,746
2020-04-27 112 15,555 +0.7% 3 204 469 7,200
2020-04-26 145 15,443 +0.96% 2 201 296 6,731
2020-04-25 240 15,148 +1.6% 5 199 +2.06% 8,661 130 432 6,435
2020-04-24 255 15,058 +1.7% 2 194 +1.04% 392 6,003
2020-04-23 305 14,803 +2.1% 3 192 +2.7% 1.3% 8,759 102 139 109 396 5,611
2020-04-22 556 14,498 +4.0% 5 189 +3.3% 1.29% 8,834 124 148 111 708 5,215
2020-04-21 229 13,942 +1.7% 7 184 +4.6% 1.30% 9,209 135 142 113 458 4,507
2020-04-20 222 13,713 +1.6% 5 177 +1.2% 1.26% 9,209 134 150 114 295 4,049
2020-04-19 226 13,491 +1.7% 8 172 +8.2% 1.27% 9,277 140 156 109 298 3,754
2020-04-18 192 13,265 +1.5% 13 164 +6.8% 1.19% 9,337 145 167 118 330 3,456
2020-04-17 271 13,073 +2.1% 9 151 +5.7% 1.13% 9,375 157 182 129 308 3,126
2020-04-16 276 12,802 +2.2% 12 142 +11.1% 1.09% 9,464 172 174 140 255 2,818
2020-04-15 367 12,526 +3% 9 130 +7.7% 1.01% 173 176 132 368 2,563
2020-04-14 350 12,159 +3% 7 117 +6.4% 0.96% 168 181 136 340 2,195
2020-04-13 586 11,809 +5.2% 7 110 +6.8% 0.93% 181 181 133 228 1,855
2020-04-12 398 11,223 +3.7% 7 103 +7.3% 0.92% 155 174 123 286 1,627
2020-04-11 384 10,825 +3.7% 4 96 +4.3% 0.89% 9,126 152 180 132 158 1,341
2020-04-10 374 10,441 +3.7% 13 92 +16.5% 0.88% 176 167 124 172 1,183
2020-04-09 318 10,067 +3.3% 8 79 +11.3% 0.78% 8,705 165 166 119 210 1,011
2020-04-08 436 9,749 +4.7% 12 71 +20.3% 0.73% 195 122 31 801
2020-04-07 343 9,313 +3.8% 4 59 +15.7% 0.63% 8,075 181 149 113 100 770
2020-04-06 352 8,970 +4.1% 5 51 +10.9% 0.57% 7,841 191 140 107 124 670
2020-04-05 629 8,618 +7.9% 4 46 +9.5% 0.53% 7,765 173 139 106 88 546
2020-04-04 456 7,989 +6.1% 6 42 +16.7% 0.53% 7,003 166 115 107 55 458
2020-04-03 632 7,533 +9.2% 7 36 +24.1% 0.48% 144 113 96 65 403
2020-04-02 733 6,901 +11.9% 8 29 +38.1% 0.42% 107 108 87 97 338
2020-04-01 645 6,168 +11.7% 1 21 +5% 0.34% 439 97 95 81 17 241
2020-03-31 741 5,523 +15.5% 5 20 +33.3% 0.36% 95 94 69 63 224
2020-03-30 466 4,782 +11% 3 15 +25% 0.31% 344 81 80 59 72 161
2020-03-29 492 4,316 +13% 0 12 - 0.28% 344 82 66 59 0 89
2020-03-28 420 3,824 +12% 0 12 - 0.31% 346 73 54 39 10 89
2020-03-27 393 3,404 +13% 4 12 +50% 0.35% 355 60 49 38 5 79
2020-03-26 548 3,011 +22% 3 8 +60% 0.27% 324 68 40 6 68
2020-03-25 463 2,463 +23% 2 5 +66.7% 0.2% 289 54 39 5 64
2020-03-24 448 2,000 +29% 2 3 +200% 0.15% 270 47 37 12 53
2020-03-23 345 1,552 +29% 0 1 - 0.06% 277 32 29 4 41
2020-03-22 264 1,207 +28.0% 0 1 - 0.08% 266 24 24 1 37
2020-03-21 105 943 +13% 0 1 - 0.11% 19 15 21 36
2020-03-20 161 838 +24% 1 1 - 0.12% 18 10 1 15
2020-03-19 153 677 +29% 13 6 3 14
2020-03-18 103 524 +24% 10 6 11
2020-03-17 103 421 +32% 11 5 7 11
2020-03-16 65 318 +26% 11 4 4
2020-03-15 53 253 +26% 11 2 1
2020-03-14 36 200 +22% 7 2
2020-03-13 34 164 +26% 5 3
2020-03-12 31 130 +31% 4 2
2020-03-11 22 99 +29% 6 1
2020-03-10 18 77 +31% 5 1
2020-03-09 20 59 +51% 1
2020-03-08 2 39 +5% 1
2020-03-07 15 37 +68% 1
2020-03-06 2 22 +10% 1
2020-03-05 4 20 +25%
2020-03-04 1 16 +7%
2020-03-03 3 15 +25%
2020-03-02 - 12 0
2020-03-01 2 12 +20%
2020-02-29 3 10 +43
2020-02-28 2 7 +40%
2020-02-27 2 5 +67%
2020-02-26 1 3 +50%
2020-02-21 2 2 -
Sources: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/israel/, https://t.me/MOHreport/

Graphs

[edit]

According to Israel Ministry of Health.[1]


New cases per day

Data is updated by MOH at 09:00 and 21:00 (IST) every day.


Deaths per day

Data is according to MOH update at 08:00 (IST) every day.



Diagnostic tests per day

Data is according to the MOH dashboard.


Vaccines per day


Case fatality rate (percent)



See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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