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[[Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao F.C.|Guangzhou Evergrande]] club, [[Guangzhou]] skyline in the background]]
[[Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao F.C.|Guangzhou Evergrande]] club, [[Guangzhou]] skyline in the background]]


'''Football in China''' includes the practice of [[American football]], [[arena football]], [[association football]], [[paper football]] and other "football"-termed sports in [[People's Republic of China]] that does not include [[Football in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Football in Macau|Macau]] which have separate teams and leagues.
⚫
'''Football in China''' includes the practice of [[American football]], [[arena football]], [[association football]] and other football-related sports in [[People's Republic of China]]. China was recognized by former FIFA president [[Sepp Blatter|Joseph "Sepp" Blatter]] as the first to invent a form of [[football]] over 2,000 years ago (3-2 century BC <sportskeeda.com>) through [[Cuju]], a Chinese ball game (although there are rule differences between Cuju or Tsu' Chu and modern association football and any attempt to link this game to the development of modern football would be purely conjectural)<ref name=":0" /> The modern game of Association Football was formalized in England in 1863<ref name=":1" /> originating from a variety of games called "football" that had been played for centuries between villages in England. A number of games involving kicking balls were played in certain countries<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of football (soccer)|url=https://www.footballhistory.org/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.footballhistory.org}}</ref> and it is impossible to say which was really the oldest.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html|title=History of Football - Britain, the home of Football|work=FIFA.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/413747/|title=Bangkok Post article|author=Post Publishing PCL.|work=bangkokpost.com}}</ref><ref name="fifa-or">{{cite web|title=History of Football - The Origins|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 April 2013|publisher=FIFA}}</ref>


==American football==
The national [[Sport governing body|governing body]] is the [[Chinese Football Association]] (CFA). [[Football in Hong Kong|Hong Kong]] and [[Football in Macau|Macau]] have separate national teams and leagues.
==Association football==

==Professional league==
===Professional league===
{{Main article|Chinese Football Association Super League}}
{{Main article|Chinese Football Association Super League}}
The Chinese Football Association Super League ({{zh|中国足球协会超级联赛|labels=no}}), commonly known as [[Chinese Super League]] ({{zh|中超联赛|labels=no}}, CSL), currently known as the Wanda Plaza Chinese Super League, is the highest tier of professional [[association football]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]], operating under the auspices of the [[Chinese Football Association]] (CFA).<ref>{{cite web|last=Sheringham |first=Sam |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20894477 |title=BBC Sport - Didier Drogba & Nicolas Anelka put Chinese football on the map |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2013-01-08 |access-date=2013-10-28}}</ref>
The Chinese Football Association Super League ({{zh|中国足球协会超级联赛|labels=no}}), commonly known as [[Chinese Super League]] ({{zh|中超联赛|labels=no}}, CSL), currently known as the Wanda Plaza Chinese Super League, is the highest tier of professional [[association football]] in [[People's Republic of China|China]], operating under the auspices of the [[Chinese Football Association]] (CFA).<ref>{{cite web|last=Sheringham |first=Sam |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/20894477 |title=BBC Sport - Didier Drogba & Nicolas Anelka put Chinese football on the map |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2013-01-08 |access-date=2013-10-28}}</ref>
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The Super League was created by the re-branding of the former top division, Chinese Football Association Jia-A League, in 2004. While the league originally consisted of 12 teams, 16 teams now compete in it. The title has been won by seven teams:[[Shanghai Shenhua]], [[Shenzhen Jianlibao]], [[Dalian Shide]], [[Shandong Luneng]], [[Changchun Yatai]] and [[Beijing Guoan]]. The current Super League champions are [[Guangzhou Evergrande]] and in 2015 the average attendance has been of 22,193 spectators.
The Super League was created by the re-branding of the former top division, Chinese Football Association Jia-A League, in 2004. While the league originally consisted of 12 teams, 16 teams now compete in it. The title has been won by seven teams:[[Shanghai Shenhua]], [[Shenzhen Jianlibao]], [[Dalian Shide]], [[Shandong Luneng]], [[Changchun Yatai]] and [[Beijing Guoan]]. The current Super League champions are [[Guangzhou Evergrande]] and in 2015 the average attendance has been of 22,193 spectators.


===Development===
==Football development==
Football initiatives have been developed, including Vision China - a part FIFA Vision Asia - which has reached the highest standard in Asia and the quarter final of the men's competition in the [[2008 Olympics]]. The programmed covers marketing, development, footballer training, [[Coach (sport)|coach]] and [[Referee (association football)|referee]] training, [[sports medicine]], competitions, [[mass media|media]], and fans. It also includes assessments on Chinese football, planning matches and monitoring them. Goal Project for China, part of FIFA Goal Project invested in China to help build the new headquarters of the CFA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200311/05/print20031105_127621.html|title=AFC to support Chinese football|publisher=English.people.com.cn|access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref>
Football initiatives have been developed, including Vision China - a part FIFA Vision Asia - which has reached the highest standard in Asia and the quarter final of the men's competition in the [[2008 Olympics]]. The programmed covers marketing, development, footballer training, [[Coach (sport)|coach]] and [[Referee (association football)|referee]] training, [[sports medicine]], competitions, [[mass media|media]], and fans. It also includes assessments on Chinese football, planning matches and monitoring them. Goal Project for China, part of FIFA Goal Project invested in China to help build the new headquarters of the CFA.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.people.com.cn/200311/05/print20031105_127621.html|title=AFC to support Chinese football|publisher=English.people.com.cn|access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref>


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The Chinese government has outlined plans to make the Asian nation a footballing superpower. It has already created 70,000 fields and 24,000 special football schools.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Greg |title=Why Chinese soccer has to die before it can really learn to live |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/opinion/chinese-super-league-suning-football-state-reform-xi-jinping-cfa |access-date=31 March 2021 |work=[[SportsPro]] |date=18 March 2021}}</ref>
The Chinese government has outlined plans to make the Asian nation a footballing superpower. It has already created 70,000 fields and 24,000 special football schools.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Turner |first1=Greg |title=Why Chinese soccer has to die before it can really learn to live |url=https://www.sportspromedia.com/opinion/chinese-super-league-suning-football-state-reform-xi-jinping-cfa |access-date=31 March 2021 |work=[[SportsPro]] |date=18 March 2021}}</ref>


==Media coverage of football in China==
===Media coverage===
Football is covered by the [[Chinese media]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/993090/let-professionals-run-chinese-soccer |title=Let professionals run Chinese soccer &#124; South China Morning Post |publisher=Scmp.com |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> National competitions are generally televised on [[CCTV-5]] and [[CCTV-5+]]. [[Guangdong Television]] reserves rights, however, for the [[Premier League]] and the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Since 1996, CCTV-5 has weekly programmes televising live games in the Italian [[Serie A]] and German [[Bundesliga]] to ''Football Night'' (足球之夜). Serie A, Bundesliga and [[La Liga]] are broadcast on CCTV-5. Shanghai's Dongfang Sports channel also has regular football coverage.
Football is covered by the [[Chinese media]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scmp.com/article/993090/let-professionals-run-chinese-soccer |title=Let professionals run Chinese soccer &#124; South China Morning Post |publisher=Scmp.com |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref> National competitions are generally televised on [[CCTV-5]] and [[CCTV-5+]]. [[Guangdong Television]] reserves rights, however, for the [[Premier League]] and the [[UEFA Champions League]]. Since 1996, CCTV-5 has weekly programmes televising live games in the Italian [[Serie A]] and German [[Bundesliga]] to ''Football Night'' (足球之夜). Serie A, Bundesliga and [[La Liga]] are broadcast on CCTV-5. Shanghai's Dongfang Sports channel also has regular football coverage.


==Corruption and criticism in Chinese football==
===Corruption===
Despite the increasing economic power and large sum of money being spent to develop football, Chinese football state is heavily criticized.


The [[China Super League|professional league]] is marred by match-fixing, illegal betting, and violence on and off the pitch,<ref>{{cite web|last=Osnos |first=Evan | author-link=Evan Osnos |url=https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/06/chinese-soccer-fixed-matches.html |title=Corruption in Chinese Soccer |publisher=The New Yorker |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters in Beijing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/13/china-soccer-match-fixing-sentences |title=China soccer match-fixing: former football chief and top players jailed &#124; World news &#124; guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date=2012-06-13 |access-date=2012-09-20 |location=London}}</ref> which the [[Government of the People's Republic of China|Chinese government]] has promised to fix.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/sports/soccer/lengthy-prison-terms-in-chinese-soccer-corruption-case.html?_r=0|title=Lengthy Prison Terms in Chinese Soccer Corruption Case|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2012-09-20|first=David|last=Barboza|date=2012-06-13}}</ref> Two former top executives of the Football Association of China were arrested and prosecuted for taking bribes.<ref>Barboza, David. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/sports/soccer/lengthy-prison-terms-in-chinese-soccer-corruption-case.html?_r=0 Soccer Officials Sentenced in China]", The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-9</ref>
The [[China Super League|professional league]] is marred by match-fixing, illegal betting, and violence on and off the pitch,<ref>{{cite web|last=Osnos |first=Evan | author-link=Evan Osnos |url=https://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/evanosnos/2012/06/chinese-soccer-fixed-matches.html |title=Corruption in Chinese Soccer |publisher=The New Yorker |access-date=2012-09-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters in Beijing |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/13/china-soccer-match-fixing-sentences |title=China soccer match-fixing: former football chief and top players jailed &#124; World news &#124; guardian.co.uk |publisher=Guardian |date=2012-06-13 |access-date=2012-09-20 |location=London}}</ref> which the [[Government of the People's Republic of China|Chinese government]] has promised to fix.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/sports/soccer/lengthy-prison-terms-in-chinese-soccer-corruption-case.html?_r=0|title=Lengthy Prison Terms in Chinese Soccer Corruption Case|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=2012-09-20|first=David|last=Barboza|date=2012-06-13}}</ref> Two former top executives of the Football Association of China were arrested and prosecuted for taking bribes.<ref>Barboza, David. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/14/sports/soccer/lengthy-prison-terms-in-chinese-soccer-corruption-case.html?_r=0 Soccer Officials Sentenced in China]", The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-9</ref>
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The deterioration of the senior's team performance also affects public opinions, which have several times caused uproar and riots. In 2013, when China suffered a humiliating 1–5 home loss to [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]], Chinese supporters went furious and hostile to the national side, which caused then-manager [[José Antonio Camacho]] to be sacked.<ref>{{cite web | last=Boehler | first=Patrick | title=China players accused of corruption after heavy defeat against Thailand | website=South China Morning Post | date=2018-07-20 | url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/china/article/1262784/china-players-accused-corruption-after-heavy-defeat-against-thailand | access-date=2020-10-12}}</ref> The uproar was later found during the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round]], when China was humiliated, this time, by war-torn [[Syria national football team|Syria]] 0–1 right at home soil, Chinese fans held a protest demanding the President of CFA, [[Cai Zhenhua]], to resign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/803380/chinas-soccer-fans-are-protesting-in-the-streets-after-their-national-team-lost-to-syria/|title=China’s soccer fans are protesting in the streets after their national team lost to Syria|first=Echo|last=Huang|website=Quartz}}</ref>
The deterioration of the senior's team performance also affects public opinions, which have several times caused uproar and riots. In 2013, when China suffered a humiliating 1–5 home loss to [[Thailand national football team|Thailand]], Chinese supporters went furious and hostile to the national side, which caused then-manager [[José Antonio Camacho]] to be sacked.<ref>{{cite web | last=Boehler | first=Patrick | title=China players accused of corruption after heavy defeat against Thailand | website=South China Morning Post | date=2018-07-20 | url=https://www.scmp.com/sport/china/article/1262784/china-players-accused-corruption-after-heavy-defeat-against-thailand | access-date=2020-10-12}}</ref> The uproar was later found during the [[2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round]], when China was humiliated, this time, by war-torn [[Syria national football team|Syria]] 0–1 right at home soil, Chinese fans held a protest demanding the President of CFA, [[Cai Zhenhua]], to resign.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/803380/chinas-soccer-fans-are-protesting-in-the-streets-after-their-national-team-lost-to-syria/|title=China’s soccer fans are protesting in the streets after their national team lost to Syria|first=Echo|last=Huang|website=Quartz}}</ref>


==See also==
==[[Cuju]]==
⚫
China was recognized by former FIFA president [[Sepp Blatter|Joseph "Sepp" Blatter]] as the first to invent a form of [[football]] over 2,000 years ago (3-2 century BC <sportskeeda.com>) through [[Cuju]], a Chinese ball game (although there are rule differences between Cuju or Tsu' Chu and modern association football and any attempt to link this game to the development of modern football would be purely conjectural)<ref name=":0" /> The modern game of Association Football was formalized in England in 1863<ref name=":1" /> originating from a variety of games called "football" that had been played for centuries between villages in England. A number of games involving kicking balls were played in certain countries<ref>{{Cite web|title=The history of football (soccer)|url=https://www.footballhistory.org/|access-date=2021-03-20|website=www.footballhistory.org}}</ref> and it is impossible to say which was really the oldest.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/Britain-home-of-football.html|title=History of Football - Britain, the home of Football|work=FIFA.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/print/413747/|title=Bangkok Post article|author=Post Publishing PCL.|work=bangkokpost.com}}</ref><ref name="fifa-or">{{cite web|title=History of Football - The Origins|url=https://www.fifa.com/classicfootball/history/the-game/origins.html|url-status=dead|access-date=29 April 2013|publisher=FIFA}}</ref>
*[[Football in Beijing]]
*[[Sport in China]]
*[[Football in Hong Kong]]
*[[Football in Macau]]


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:37, 11 July 2021

"Chinese football" redirects here. For the table-top game sometimes called "Chinese football", see Paper football.
For American football in China, see Chinese National Football League.

Football in China
Home stadium of club Dalian Yifang F.C.
CountryRepublic of China
Governing bodyCFA
National team(s)China
National competitions
Club competitions
International competitions
A football match in China
Tianhe Stadium is home stadium of Guangzhou Evergrande club, Guangzhou skyline in the background

Football in China includes the practice of American football, arena football, association football, paper football and other "football"-termed sports in People's Republic of China that does not include Hong Kong and Macau which have separate teams and leagues.

American football

Association football

Professional league

Main article: Chinese Football Association Super League

The Chinese Football Association Super League (中国足球协会超级联赛), commonly known as Chinese Super League (中超联赛, CSL), currently known as the Wanda Plaza Chinese Super League, is the highest tier of professional association football in China, operating under the auspices of the Chinese Football Association (CFA).[1]

The Super League was created by the re-branding of the former top division, Chinese Football Association Jia-A League, in 2004. While the league originally consisted of 12 teams, 16 teams now compete in it. The title has been won by seven teams:Shanghai Shenhua, Shenzhen Jianlibao, Dalian Shide, Shandong Luneng, Changchun Yatai and Beijing Guoan. The current Super League champions are Guangzhou Evergrande and in 2015 the average attendance has been of 22,193 spectators.

Development

Football initiatives have been developed, including Vision China - a part FIFA Vision Asia - which has reached the highest standard in Asia and the quarter final of the men's competition in the 2008 Olympics. The programmed covers marketing, development, footballer training, coach and referee training, sports medicine, competitions, media, and fans. It also includes assessments on Chinese football, planning matches and monitoring them. Goal Project for China, part of FIFA Goal Project invested in China to help build the new headquarters of the CFA.[2]

An early form of football was developed in China in the Han dynasty, during the second and third centuries BCE, called Cuju or Tsu' Chu. This is in fact the earliest form of football worldwide for which there is documentary evidence, in the form of a military manual. This was played using a leather ball filled with feathers and hair and a small net held by long bamboo canes. This game died out well before modern football was adopted in China.[3]

The Chinese government has outlined plans to make the Asian nation a footballing superpower. It has already created 70,000 fields and 24,000 special football schools.[4]

Media coverage

Football is covered by the Chinese media.[5] National competitions are generally televised on CCTV-5 and CCTV-5+. Guangdong Television reserves rights, however, for the Premier League and the UEFA Champions League. Since 1996, CCTV-5 has weekly programmes televising live games in the Italian Serie A and German Bundesliga to Football Night (足球之夜). Serie A, Bundesliga and La Liga are broadcast on CCTV-5. Shanghai's Dongfang Sports channel also has regular football coverage.

Corruption

The professional league is marred by match-fixing, illegal betting, and violence on and off the pitch,[6][7] which the Chinese government has promised to fix.[8] Two former top executives of the Football Association of China were arrested and prosecuted for taking bribes.[9]

The Super League of China is also heavily criticized for overusing of foreign players in Chinese football clubs, including many record-breaking transfers of foreign superstars which harmed the development of local players.[10][11] On the other hand, due to China's lack of acknowledging of racism inside the country, the racist sentiment against foreign players, especially African players, are also widely seen in China, majority goes unnoticed until Demba Ba's case.[12][13]

The deterioration of the senior's team performance also affects public opinions, which have several times caused uproar and riots. In 2013, when China suffered a humiliating 1–5 home loss to Thailand, Chinese supporters went furious and hostile to the national side, which caused then-manager José Antonio Camacho to be sacked.[14] The uproar was later found during the 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC Third Round, when China was humiliated, this time, by war-torn Syria 0–1 right at home soil, Chinese fans held a protest demanding the President of CFA, Cai Zhenhua, to resign.[15]

Cuju

China was recognized by former FIFA president Joseph "Sepp" Blatter as the first to invent a form of football over 2,000 years ago (3-2 century BC <sportskeeda.com>) through Cuju, a Chinese ball game (although there are rule differences between Cuju or Tsu' Chu and modern association football and any attempt to link this game to the development of modern football would be purely conjectural)[16] The modern game of Association Football was formalized in England in 1863[17] originating from a variety of games called "football" that had been played for centuries between villages in England. A number of games involving kicking balls were played in certain countries[18] and it is impossible to say which was really the oldest.[17][16][19]

References

  1. ^ Sheringham, Sam (8 January 2013). "BBC Sport - Didier Drogba & Nicolas Anelka put Chinese football on the map". Bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 28 October 2013.
  2. ^ "AFC to support Chinese football". English.people.com.cn. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  3. ^ "History of Football - The Origins". FIFA. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  4. ^ Turner, Greg (18 March 2021). "Why Chinese soccer has to die before it can really learn to live". SportsPro. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  5. ^ "Let professionals run Chinese soccer | South China Morning Post". Scmp.com. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  6. ^ Osnos, Evan. "Corruption in Chinese Soccer". The New Yorker. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  7. ^ Reuters in Beijing (13 June 2012). "China soccer match-fixing: former football chief and top players jailed | World news | guardian.co.uk". London: Guardian. Retrieved 20 September 2012. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ Barboza, David (13 June 2012). "Lengthy Prison Terms in Chinese Soccer Corruption Case". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
  9. ^ Barboza, David. "Soccer Officials Sentenced in China", The New York Times. Retrieved 2013-10-9
  10. ^ Price, Steve (5 January 2017). "Why Chinese clubs are breaking transfer records – and why players are wise to go" – via www.theguardian.com.
  11. ^ "Shock new foreign player rules could burst China football bubble". South China Morning Post. 16 January 2017.
  12. ^ "Demba Ba enraged by alleged racism during Chinese Super League match - SupChina". 6 August 2018.
  13. ^ Sui, Celine. "China's Racism Is Wrecking Its Success in Africa".
  14. ^ Boehler, Patrick (20 July 2018). "China players accused of corruption after heavy defeat against Thailand". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  15. ^ Huang, Echo. "China's soccer fans are protesting in the streets after their national team lost to Syria". Quartz.
  16. ^ a b Post Publishing PCL. "Bangkok Post article". bangkokpost.com.
  17. ^ a b "History of Football - Britain, the home of Football". FIFA.com.
  18. ^ "The history of football (soccer)". www.footballhistory.org. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  19. ^ "History of Football - The Origins". FIFA. Retrieved 29 April 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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