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Cultural property does not have a universal definition,^[1] but it is commonly considered to be tangible (physical, material) items that are part of the cultural heritage of a group or society.^[2] They include such items as cultural landscapes, historic buildings, works of art, archaeological sites, as well as collections of libraries, archives and museums.

Legal protection of cultural property comprises a number of international agreements and national laws. There is intensive cooperation between the United Nations, UNESCO and Blue Shield International on the protection of cultural goods.^[3]^[4]^[5]

Definition

Article 1 of the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 defines cultural property as follows:^[6]

"The term 'cultural property' shall cover, irrespective of origin or ownership:

(a) movable or immovable property of great importance to the cultural heritage of every people, such as monuments of architecture, art or history, whether religious or secular; archaeological sites; groups of buildings which, as a whole, are of historical or artistic interest; works of art; manuscripts, books and other objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest; as well as scientific collections and important collections of books or archives or of reproductions of the property defined above;

(b) buildings whose main and effective purpose is to preserve or exhibit the movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph (a) such as museums, large libraries and depositories of archives, and refuges intended to shelter, in the event of armed conflict, the movable cultural property defined in sub-paragraph (a);

(c) centers containing a large amount of cultural property as defined in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), to be known as 'centers containing monuments'."

Cultural heritage has been described as the 'most distinguishing form of a culture's expression' and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as 'traditional dances, customs and ceremonies'.^[7] Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified.^[7]

Emblem

Article 16 of the Convention describes the internationally recognized mark for cultural property as follows:

(1) The distinctive emblem of the Convention shall take the form of a shield, pointed below, persaltire blue and white (a shield consisting of a royal-blue square, one of the angles of which forms the point of the shield, and of a royal-blue triangle above the square, the space on either side being taken up by a white triangle).

Use of the Emblem is restricted under international humanitarian law. Guidance for using the emblem is available from The Blue Shield, and UNESCO.

References

^ Knox, Christine K (2006). "They've Lost Their Marbles: 2002 Universal Museums' Declaration, The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement". Suffolk Transnational Law Review. 29: 315–336.
^ Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl
^ "UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999".
^ Roger O’Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual." UNESCO, 2016, S. 73ff.
^ UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly. UNESCO, 13 September 2017.
^ Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention 1954 at the UNESCO website
^ ^a ^b Shapiro, Daniel (1998). "Repatriation: A modest Proposal". heinonline.org. Retrieved 2021-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[1] Knox, Christine K (2006). "They've Lost Their Marbles: 2002 Universal Museums' Declaration, The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement". Suffolk Transnational Law Review. 29: 315–336.

[2] Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl

[3] "UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999".

[4] Roger O’Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual." UNESCO, 2016, S. 73ff.

[5] UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly. UNESCO, 13 September 2017.

[6] Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict with Regulations for the Execution of the Convention 1954 at the UNESCO website

[:0-7] Shapiro, Daniel (1998). "Repatriation: A modest Proposal". heinonline.org. Retrieved 2021-08-04.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Short description|Physical cultural heritage; monuments, artworks, libraries etc.}}
 [[File:Kulturdenkmal 4 Sprachen.jpg|thumb|Plaque of the [[Bundesdenkmalamt]] on a building in [[Salzburg]] indicating "Cultural property" in four languages; German: ''Kulturdenkmal'', English: ''Cultural property'', French: ''Bien culturel'', and Russian: ''Культурное достояние''.]]
-'''Cultural property''' does not have a universal definition, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knox|first=Christine K|date=2006|title=They've Lost Their Marbles: 2002 Universal Museums' Declaration, The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement|journal=Suffolk Transnational Law Review|volume=29|pages=315-336}}</ref> but it is commonly considered to be tangible (physical, material) items that are part of the [[cultural heritage]] of a group or society.<ref>Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl</ref> They include such items as cultural landscapes, historic buildings, works of art, archaeological sites, as well as collections of libraries, archives and museums.
+'''Cultural property''' does not have a universal definition,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Knox|first=Christine K|date=2006|title=They've Lost Their Marbles: 2002 Universal Museums' Declaration, The Elgin Marbles and the Future of the Repatriation Movement|journal=Suffolk Transnational Law Review|volume=29|pages=315–336}}</ref> but it is commonly considered to be tangible (physical, material) items that are part of the [[cultural heritage]] of a group or society.<ref>Ann Marie Sullivan, Cultural Heritage & New Media: A Future for the Past, 15 J. MARSHALL REV. INTELL. PROP. L. 604 (2016) https://repository.jmls.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1392&context=ripl</ref> They include such items as cultural landscapes, historic buildings, works of art, archaeological sites, as well as collections of libraries, archives and museums.
 Legal protection of cultural property comprises a number of international agreements and national laws. There is intensive cooperation between the [[United Nations]], [[UNESCO]] and [[Blue Shield International]] on the protection of cultural goods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15207&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=UNESCO Legal Instruments: Second Protocol to the Hague Convention of 1954 for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict 1999}}</ref><ref>Roger O’Keefe, Camille Péron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. Military Manual." UNESCO, 2016, S. 73ff.</ref><ref>''UNESCO Director-General calls for stronger cooperation for heritage protection at the Blue Shield International General Assembly.'' UNESCO, 13 September 2017.</ref>
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 :(c) centers containing a large amount of cultural property as defined in sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), to be known as 'centers containing monuments'."
-[[Cultural heritage]] has been described as the 'most distinguishing form of a culture's expression'  and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as 'traditional dances, customs and ceremonies'. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Daniel|date=1998|title=Repatriation: A modest Proposal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nyuilp31&div=12&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-04|website=heinonline.org}}</ref> Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified. <ref name=":0" />
+[[Cultural heritage]] has been described as the 'most distinguishing form of a culture's expression'  and includes both tangible and intangible elements such as 'traditional dances, customs and ceremonies'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Shapiro|first=Daniel|date=1998|title=Repatriation: A modest Proposal|url=https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/nyuilp31&div=12&g_sent=1&casa_token=&collection=journals|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-04|website=heinonline.org}}</ref> Cultural property is the essential elements of a culture that allow it to determined and identified.<ref name=":0" />
 ==Emblem==
@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 [[Category:International law]]
 [[Category:Cultural heritage]]
-{{cultural-studies-stub}}
-{{law-stub}}

v t e Culture
Outline
Sciences	Cultural anthropology Cultural astronomy Cultural ecology Cultural geography Cultural neuroscience Cultural studies Culturology Culture theory
Subfields	Bioculture Cross-cultural studies Cross-cultural communication Cross-cultural leadership Cross-cultural psychiatry Cross-cultural psychology Cultural analytics Cultural economics Cultural entomology Cultural history Cultural mapping Cultural mediation Cultural psychology Cultural values Culturomics Intercultural learning Intercultural relations Internet culture Philosophy of culture Popular culture studies Postcritique Semiotics of culture Sociology of culture Sound culture Theology of culture Transcultural nursing
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Aspects	Acculturation Cultural appreciation Cultural appropriation Cultural area Cultural artifact Cultural baggage Cultural behavior Cultural bias Cultural capital Cross-cultural Cultural communication Cultural conflict Cultural cringe Cultural dissonance Cultural emphasis Cultural framework Cultural heritage Destroyed Cultural icon Cultural identity Cultural industry Cultural invention Cultural landscape Cultural learning Cultural leveling Cultural memory Cultural pluralism Cultural practice Cultural property Cultural reproduction Cultural system Cultural technology Cultural universal Cultureme Enculturation High- and low-context cultures Interculturality Manuscript culture Material culture Non-material culture Organizational culture Print culture Protoculture Relational mobility Safety culture Technoculture Trans-cultural diffusion Transculturation Visual culture
Politics	Colonial mentality Consumer capitalism Cross cultural sensitivity Cultural assimilation Cultural attaché Cultural backwardness Cultural Bolshevism Cultural conservatism Cultural contracts Cultural deprivation Cultural diplomacy Cultural environmentalism Cultural exception Cultural feminism Cultural genocide Cultural globalization Cultural hegemony Cultural imperialism Cultural intelligence Cultural liberalism Cultural nationalism Cultural pessimism Cultural policy Cultural racism Cultural radicalism Cultural retention Cultural Revolution Cultural rights Cultural safety Cultural silence Cultural subsidy Cultural Zionism Culture change Culture minister Culture of fear Culture war Deculturalization Dominator culture Interculturalism Monoculturalism Multiculturalism Biculturalism Multiracial democracy Pluriculturalism Polyculturalism Transculturism
Religions	Buddhism Christianity Catholicism Cultural Christians Protestantism Role of Christianity in civilization Eastern Orthodoxy Mormonism Cultural Hindus Islam Cultural Muslims Judaism Sikhism
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Revision as of 08:25, 10 September 2021

Definition

Emblem

See also

References