Italy–Japan relations: Difference between revisions
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== First contacts == |
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Although relations between Japan and Italy formally began with the signing of the first treaty of friendship in 1866, the first contacts between the two nations can be traced back to the 13th century, when [[Marco Polo]] learned of the existence of Japan, which he called Cipango (or Zipangu).<ref>{{Cite web|title=“Japan, the Land of Gold.” How True Is the Old Legend? : NIPPONIA No. 45|url=https://web-japan.org/nipponia/nipponia45/en/feature/feature01.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=web-japan.org}}</ref> Although he never set foot on Japanese soil, the Venetian navigator described the Japanese country as a large independent island full of riches.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoffman|first=Michael|date=2008-07-27|title=Cipangu's landlocked isles|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref> |
Although relations between Japan and Italy formally began with the signing of the first treaty of friendship in 1866, the first contacts between the two nations can be traced back to the 13th century, when [[Marco Polo]] learned of the existence of Japan, which he called Cipango (or Zipangu).<ref>{{Cite web|title=“Japan, the Land of Gold.” How True Is the Old Legend? : NIPPONIA No. 45|url=https://web-japan.org/nipponia/nipponia45/en/feature/feature01.html|access-date=2021-09-21|website=web-japan.org}}</ref> Although he never set foot on Japanese soil, the Venetian navigator described the Japanese country as a large independent island full of riches.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hoffman|first=Michael|date=2008-07-27|title=Cipangu's landlocked isles|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2008/07/27/general/cipangus-landlocked-isles/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=The Japan Times|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Japan remained relatively isolated and therefore immune to Western influence at least until 1543, when |
Japan remained relatively isolated and therefore immune to Western influence at least until 1543, when a Portuguese ship containing Portuguese and Italian Jesuits was blown off course and landed in the Asian country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=V&A · Japan's encounter with Europe, 1573 – 1853|url=https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/japans-encounter-with-europe-1573-1853|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Victoria and Albert Museum|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Ruiz-de-Medina|first=Father Juan G.|title=Cultural Interactions in the Orient 30 years before Matteo Ricci.|publisher=Catholic Uni. of Portugal, 1|year=1993}}</ref> The Japanese [[Roman Catholic]] [[Christians|Christian]] ''[[daimyō]]s'' dispatched the [[Tenshō embassy]] to [[Pope Gregory XIII]]. This was the first Japanese mission in a foreign land on the initiative of the missionary Alessandro Valignano and the Christian daimyō Ōtomo Sōrin, Ōmura Sumitada and Arima Harunobu. The delegation consisted of four young dignitaries: Itō Mancio, Giuliano Nakaura, Martino Hara and Michele Chijiwa, joined by the Jesuit Diogo de Mesquita, who acted as their interpreter.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Benzoni|first=Maria Matilde|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/809762398|title=Americhe e modernità : un itinerario fra storia e storiografia dal 1492 ad oggi|date=2012|publisher=FrancoAngeli|isbn=978-88-204-0408-6|location=Milano, Italy|pages=133|oclc=809762398}}</ref> |
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They arrived in Italy in 1585 and were received in Rome by Pope Gregory XIII and especially by his successor Pope Sixtus V, who made them a gift of the Church of Santa Maria dell'Orto, which has been the place of worship for the Japanese Catholic community in the Italian capital ever since. In 1615, the daimyō of Sendai, Date Masamune, sent another delegation headed by the samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga. The latter met Pope Paul V, and formally requested a trade treaty between Japan and Mexico (then Viceroyalty of New Spain), as well as the sending of Christian missionaries to Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-19|title=The Samurai Who Met the Pope {{!}} Culture, Japanese Culture|url=https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2018/02/the-samurai-who-met-the-pope/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Tokyo Weekender|language=en-US}}</ref> |
They arrived in Italy in 1585 and were received in Rome by Pope Gregory XIII and especially by his successor Pope Sixtus V, who made them a gift of the Church of Santa Maria dell'Orto, which has been the place of worship for the Japanese Catholic community in the Italian capital ever since. In 1615, the daimyō of Sendai, Date Masamune, sent another delegation headed by the samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga. The latter met Pope Paul V, and formally requested a trade treaty between Japan and Mexico (then Viceroyalty of New Spain), as well as the sending of Christian missionaries to Japan.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-02-19|title=The Samurai Who Met the Pope {{!}} Culture, Japanese Culture|url=https://www.tokyoweekender.com/2018/02/the-samurai-who-met-the-pope/|access-date=2021-09-23|website=Tokyo Weekender|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 09:51, 23 September 2021
 | You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Italian. (November 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
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Italy–Japan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the Italian Republic and Japan.
Bilateral relations between Japan and Italy formally began on 25 August 1866, but the first contacts between the two countries date back at least to the 16th century, when the first Japanese mission to Europe arrived in Rome in 1585 led by Itō Mancio.
In the 19th century Italy and Japan saw great changes in their political and social structure, with the former gaining national unity in 1861 and the latter entering, from 1868, into a process of profound modernisation along Western lines that took the name of the Meiji Restoration. In this same period relations became increasingly close, culminating in the participation of the two countries as allies in both World Wars.
After the Second World War, Italy and Japan both experienced a period of strong economic growth, which enabled them to recover from the disastrous situation in which they found themselves after the end of the conflict and to forge renewed economic and trade agreements, as well as active scientific cooperation for technological development.
Nowadays, Italy and Japan enjoy a cordial and friendly relationship. Italy is one of the best loved countries in Japan and one of the most popular European tourist destinations, thanks above all to the success of the 'Made in Italy' brand which has contributed, since the 1990s, to increasing Japanese appreciation of Italian culture.
Italy has an embassy in Tokyo and Japan has an embassy in Rome.
First contacts
Although relations between Japan and Italy formally began with the signing of the first treaty of friendship in 1866, the first contacts between the two nations can be traced back to the 13th century, when Marco Polo learned of the existence of Japan, which he called Cipango (or Zipangu).[1] Although he never set foot on Japanese soil, the Venetian navigator described the Japanese country as a large independent island full of riches.[2]
Japan remained relatively isolated and therefore immune to Western influence at least until 1543, when a Portuguese ship containing Portuguese and Italian Jesuits was blown off course and landed in the Asian country.[3][4] The Japanese Roman Catholic Christian daimyōs dispatched the Tenshō embassy to Pope Gregory XIII. This was the first Japanese mission in a foreign land on the initiative of the missionary Alessandro Valignano and the Christian daimyō Ōtomo Sōrin, Ōmura Sumitada and Arima Harunobu. The delegation consisted of four young dignitaries: Itō Mancio, Giuliano Nakaura, Martino Hara and Michele Chijiwa, joined by the Jesuit Diogo de Mesquita, who acted as their interpreter.[5]
They arrived in Italy in 1585 and were received in Rome by Pope Gregory XIII and especially by his successor Pope Sixtus V, who made them a gift of the Church of Santa Maria dell'Orto, which has been the place of worship for the Japanese Catholic community in the Italian capital ever since. In 1615, the daimyō of Sendai, Date Masamune, sent another delegation headed by the samurai Hasekura Tsunenaga. The latter met Pope Paul V, and formally requested a trade treaty between Japan and Mexico (then Viceroyalty of New Spain), as well as the sending of Christian missionaries to Japan.[6]
Timeline
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- In 1899, they both dispatched armies to protect expatriates in China (Boxer Rebellion).
- In 1914, they were both members of the Allied Powers and fought against Germany (World War I).
- In 1919, Italy supported Japanese racial equality proposal against the Great Powers.
- During the Siberian Intervention, they allied and fought against Communists.
- In 1940, they were both members of the Axis Powers after signing the Tripartite Pact (World War II).
See also
Country comparison
| Italian Republic | Japan | |
|---|---|---|
| Flag | 
|
|
| Coat of Arms |  |
|
| Population | 60,579,711 | 125,570,000 |
| Area | 301,338 km2 (116,346 sq mi) | 377,975 km2 (145,937 sq mi) |
| Population density | 200/km2 (519 /sq mi) | 344/km2 (891/sq mi) |
| Capital | Rome | Tokyo |
| Largest city | Rome – 3,748,148 (6,144,600 Metro) | Tokyo – 13,185,502 (35,682,460 Metro) |
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| First leader | King Victor Emmanuel II Prime Minister Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour |
Emperor Jimmu Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi |
| Current leader | President: Sergio Mattarella Prime Minister: Mario Draghi |
Emperor: Naruhito Prime Minister: Yoshihide Suga |
| Official languages | Italian | Japanese |
| Main religions | 83.3% Christianity 12.4% non-religious 3.7 Islam 0.6% Other religions |
83.9% Shintoism, 7.14% Buddhism, 2% Christianity, 7.8% other |
| Ethnic groups | 93.5% Italian 1.5% Romanian 1% North African 4% Other |
98.5% Japanese, 0.5% Korean, 0.4% Chinese, 0.6% other |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.610 trillion ($43,376 per capita) | $5.586 trillion ($44,585 per capita) |
References
- ^ ""Japan, the Land of Gold." How True Is the Old Legend? : NIPPONIA No. 45". web-japan.org. Retrieved 2021-09-21.
- ^ Hoffman, Michael (2008-07-27). "Cipangu's landlocked isles". The Japan Times. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ "V&A · Japan's encounter with Europe, 1573 – 1853". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- ^ Ruiz-de-Medina, Father Juan G. (1993). Cultural Interactions in the Orient 30 years before Matteo Ricci. Catholic Uni. of Portugal, 1.
- ^ Benzoni, Maria Matilde (2012). Americhe e modernità : un itinerario fra storia e storiografia dal 1492 ad oggi. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli. p. 133. ISBN 978-88-204-0408-6. OCLC 809762398.
- ^ "The Samurai Who Met the Pope | Culture, Japanese Culture". Tokyo Weekender. 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
- Baskett, Michael (2009). "All Beautiful Fascists?: Axis Film Culture in Imperial Japan" in The Culture of Japanese Fascism, ed. Alan Tansman. Durham: Duke University Press. pp. 212–234. ISBN 0822344521
External links
- Presenza Italiana in Giappone 2010" (Template:Lang-ja; Archive). Italian Trade Commission.
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