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'''''Eugenia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the myrtle family [[Myrtaceae]]. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 [[species]] occur in the [[New World]] tropics, especially in the northern [[Andes]], the [[Caribbean]], and the [[Atlantic Forest]] (coastal forests) of eastern [[Brazil]]. Other centers of diversity include [[New Caledonia]] and [[Madagascar]]. Many of the species that occur in the [[Old World]] have received a new [[Biological classification|classification]] into the genus ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/advanced-search.php</ref>
'''''Eugenia''''' is a [[genus]] of [[flowering plant]]s in the myrtle family [[Myrtaceae]]. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 [[species]] occur in the [[New World]] tropics, especially in the northern [[Andes]], the [[Caribbean]], and the [[Atlantic Forest]] (coastal forests) of eastern [[Brazil]]. Other centers of diversity include [[New Caledonia]] and [[Madagascar]]. Many of the species that occur in the [[Old World]] have received a new [[Biological classification|classification]] into the genus ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unabridged.merriam-webster.com/advanced-search.php|title=Login &#124; Merriam-Webster Unabridged}}</ref>


All species are woody [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.
All species are woody [[evergreen]] [[tree]]s and [[shrub]]s. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.
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Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of ''Eugenia'' have been described from [[Mesoamerica]] in the past few years.{{when|date=January 2019}} At least 20 new species are currently{{when|date=January 2019}} in the process of being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in [[Madagascar]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in [[Australia]] (e.g. ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Corymbia]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'', ''[[Melaleuca]]'', ''[[Callistemon]]'', ''[[Rhodamnia]]'', ''[[Gossia]]''), only one species of ''Eugenia'', ''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana|E. reinwardtiana]]'', occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa south of the [[Sahara]], but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some [[botanist]]s{{which|date=June 2019}} included the morphologically similar [[Old World]] genus ''[[Syzygium]]'' in ''Eugenia'', but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in [[South Africa]] suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}
Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of ''Eugenia'' have been described from [[Mesoamerica]] in the past few years.{{when|date=January 2019}} At least 20 new species are currently{{when|date=January 2019}} in the process of being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in [[Madagascar]].{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in [[Australia]] (e.g. ''[[Eucalyptus]]'', ''[[Corymbia]]'', ''[[Angophora]]'', ''[[Melaleuca]]'', ''[[Callistemon]]'', ''[[Rhodamnia]]'', ''[[Gossia]]''), only one species of ''Eugenia'', ''[[Eugenia reinwardtiana|E. reinwardtiana]]'', occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa south of the [[Sahara]], but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some [[botanist]]s{{which|date=June 2019}} included the morphologically similar [[Old World]] genus ''[[Syzygium]]'' in ''Eugenia'', but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in [[South Africa]] suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}}


[[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies have changed the historical [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus. Many species formerly placed in ''Eugenia'' have been moved to ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=John W. |last2=Fagg|first2=Murray A. |date=2003 |title=Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).}}</ref> Two others have been reassigned to ''[[Pimenta (genus)|Pimenta]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://novataxa.blogspot.com/2018/04/pimenta-hispaniola.html|title=The All-spice Genus ''Pimenta'' (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, ''Pimenta berciliae'', Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Caribbean]] genera ''Hottea'', ''Calyptrogenia'' and ''Pseudanamomis'' were shown to be embedded in ''Eugenia''.<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20/> The monotypic Indian genus ''Meteoromyrtus'' was also found to be part of ''Eugenia''.<ref name=WilsHesl16/>
[[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies have changed the historical [[Circumscription (taxonomy)|circumscription]] of the genus. Many species formerly placed in ''Eugenia'' have been moved to ''[[Syzygium]]''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Wrigley |first1=John W. |last2=Fagg|first2=Murray A. |date=2003 |title=Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).}}</ref> Two others have been reassigned to ''[[Pimenta (genus)|Pimenta]].''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://novataxa.blogspot.com/2018/04/pimenta-hispaniola.html|title=The All-spice Genus ''Pimenta'' (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, ''Pimenta berciliae'', Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes |date=24 April 2018 |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref> The [[Caribbean]] genera ''Hottea'', ''Calyptrogenia'' and ''Pseudanamomis'' were shown to be embedded in ''Eugenia''.<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20/> The monotypic Indian genus ''Meteoromyrtus'' was also found to be part of ''Eugenia''.<ref name=WilsHesl16/>


=== Species ===
=== Species ===
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{{Commons category}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Reflist|refs=
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20>{{Cite journal |last1=Flickinger |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Jestrow |first2=Brett |last3=Oviedo Prieto |first3=Ramona |last4=Santiago-Valentín |first4=Eugenio |last5=Sustache-Sustache |first5=José |last6=Jiménez-Rodríguez |first6=Francisco |last7=Campbell |first7=Keron C. St. E. |last8=Francisco-Ortega |first8=Javier |date=2020 |title=A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species |journal=TAXON |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=448–480 |doi=10.1002/tax.12263 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>
<ref name=FlicJestOvieSant20>{{Cite journal |last1=Flickinger |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Jestrow |first2=Brett |last3=Oviedo Prieto |first3=Ramona |last4=Santiago-Valentín |first4=Eugenio |last5=Sustache-Sustache |first5=José |last6=Jiménez-Rodríguez |first6=Francisco |last7=Campbell |first7=Keron C. St. E. |last8=Francisco-Ortega |first8=Javier |date=2020 |title=A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species |journal=Taxon |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=448–480 |doi=10.1002/tax.12263 |s2cid=225866702 |name-list-style=amp }}</ref>


<ref name=stearn2004>{{cite book |first=W. T. |last=Stearn |year=2004 |title=Botanical Latin |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press}}</ref>
<ref name=stearn2004>{{cite book |first=W. T. |last=Stearn |year=2004 |title=Botanical Latin |location=Portland, Oregon |publisher=Timber Press}}</ref>

Revision as of 12:35, 6 October 2021

This article is about the genus of flowering plants. For other uses, see Eugenia (disambiguation).

Eugenia
Eugenia sprengelii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Myrteae
Genus: Eugenia
P.Micheli ex L.
Type species
Eugenia uniflora
Species

Over 1,100; see List of Eugenia species

Synonyms[1][2]
List
    • Calomyrtus Blume nom. inval.
    • Calophylloides Smeathman ex DC.
    • Calyptrogenia Burret
    • Catinga Aubl.
    • Chloromyrtus Pierre
    • Emurtia Raf.
    • Epleienda Raf.
    • Eplejenda Post & Kuntze
    • Greggia Gaertn. nom. illeg.
    • Hexachlamys O.Berg
    • Hottea Urb.
    • Jossinia Comm. ex DC.
    • Meteoromyrtus Gamble
    • Monimiastrum J.Guého & A.J.Scott
    • Myrcialeucus Rojas
    • Myrtopsis O.Hoffm.
    • Olynthia Lindl.
    • Stenocalyx O.Berg
    • Stereocaryum Burret

Eugenia is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 species occur in the New World tropics, especially in the northern Andes, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Forest (coastal forests) of eastern Brazil. Other centers of diversity include New Caledonia and Madagascar. Many of the species that occur in the Old World have received a new classification into the genus Syzygium.[3]

All species are woody evergreen trees and shrubs. Several are grown as ornamental plants for their attractive glossy foliage, and a few produce edible fruit that are eaten fresh or used in jams and jellies.

Taxonomy

The genus was named in honor of Prince Eugene of Savoy.[4]

Many species new to science have been and are in the process of being described from these regions. For example, 37 new species of Eugenia have been described from Mesoamerica in the past few years.[when?] At least 20 new species are currently[when?] in the process of being described from New Caledonia, and approximately the same number of species new to science may occur in Madagascar.[citation needed] Despite the enormous ecological importance of the myrtle family in Australia (e.g. Eucalyptus, Corymbia, Angophora, Melaleuca, Callistemon, Rhodamnia, Gossia), only one species of Eugenia, E. reinwardtiana, occurs on that continent. The genus also is represented in Africa south of the Sahara, but it is relatively species-poor on that continent. In the past some botanists[which?] included the morphologically similar Old World genus Syzygium in Eugenia, but research by Rudolf Schmid in the early 1970s convinced most botanists that the genera are easily separable. Research by van Wyk and colleagues in South Africa suggests the genus may comprise at least two major lineages, recognizable by anatomical and other features.[citation needed]

Molecular phylogenetic studies have changed the historical circumscription of the genus. Many species formerly placed in Eugenia have been moved to Syzygium.[5] Two others have been reassigned to Pimenta.[6] The Caribbean genera Hottea, Calyptrogenia and Pseudanamomis were shown to be embedded in Eugenia.[7] The monotypic Indian genus Meteoromyrtus was also found to be part of Eugenia.[8]

Species

Main article: List of Eugenia species

Selected species include:

Ecology

Eugenia species are sometimes used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genera Aenetus (including A. splendens) and Endoclita (including E. damor and E. malabaricus). Aenetus species burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other Lepidoptera larvae which feed on Eugenia include Eupseudosoma aberrans and the snowy eupseudosoma.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eugenia.
  1. ^ "WCSP". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
  2. ^ "Eugenia P.Micheli ex L.". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2021-09-29.
  3. ^ "Login | Merriam-Webster Unabridged".
  4. ^ Stearn, W. T. (2004). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press.
  5. ^ Wrigley, John W.; Fagg, Murray A. (2003). Australian native plants: cultivation, use in landscaping and propagation (Fifth ed.).
  6. ^ "The All-spice Genus Pimenta (Myrtaceae) from Hispaniola One New Species, Pimenta berciliae, Two New Combinations and Taxonomic Notes". 24 April 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
  7. ^ Flickinger, Jonathan A.; Jestrow, Brett; Oviedo Prieto, Ramona; Santiago-Valentín, Eugenio; Sustache-Sustache, José; Jiménez-Rodríguez, Francisco; Campbell, Keron C. St. E. & Francisco-Ortega, Javier (2020). "A phylogenetic survey of Myrtaceae in the Greater Antilles with nomenclatural changes for some endemic species". Taxon. 69 (3): 448–480. doi:10.1002/tax.12263. S2CID 225866702.
  8. ^ Wilson, P.G. & Heslewood, M.M. (2016). "Phylogenetic position of Meteoromyrtus (Myrtaceae)". Telopea. 19: 45–55. doi:10.7751/telopea10389.
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