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== Demography ==
== Demography ==
[[File:Little Ghana Columbus Ohio USA.jpg|thumb|This strip mall on Cleveland Avenue in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] has several Ghanaian businesses: an insurance agency, a hair salon, a grocery store, a cafe, and clothing stores.]]
[[File:Little Ghana Columbus Ohio USA.jpg|thumb|This strip mall on Cleveland Avenue in [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]] has several Ghanaian businesses: an insurance agency, a hair salon, a grocery store, a cafe, and clothing stores.]]
According to the 2010 Census there are 91,322 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States.<ref name="United States Census Bureau">{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported in 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> Locations with large populations include (in order of size): [[Atlanta]]; [[Chicago]]; [[Detroit]]; [[Washington, D.C.]];[[New York City]]; [[Philadelphia]]; [[Boston]]; [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]; [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]; [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]; [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]; [[Denver]]; [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]; [[Florida]] and [[Maryland]].{{clear}}
According to the 2010 Census there are 91,322 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States.<ref name="United States Census Bureau">{{cite web|title=Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported in 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150118121537/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_10_1YR_B04003&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=30 November 2012}}</ref> Locations with large populations include (in order of size): [[Atlanta]]; [[Chicago]]; [[Detroit]]; [[Washington, D.C.]];[[New York City]]; [[Philadelphia]]; [[Boston]]; [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]; [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]; [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]; [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]]; [[Denver]]; [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]; [[Florida]] and [[Maryland]].

According to estimates from the American Community Survey for 2015 to 2019<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-02-04|title=U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County|url=https://www.migrationpolicy.org/programs/data-hub/charts/us-immigrant-population-state-and-county|access-date=2021-12-27|website=migrationpolicy.org|language=en}}</ref>, the total number of immigrants from Ghana in the USA was 178,400. The top 15 counties of residence were as follows:

1) [[The Bronx|Bronx Borough, NY]] --------------------------- 19,500

2) [[Prince William County, Virginia|Prince William County, VA]] ------------------ 6,400

3) [[Franklin County, Ohio|Franklin County, OH]] --------------------------- 6,400

4) [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County, IL]] --------------------------------- 5,200

5) [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex County, NJ]] ------------------------------ 5,100

6) [[Montgomery County, Maryland|Montgomery County, MD]] ------------------ 5,000

7) [[Worcester County, Massachusetts|Worcester County, Mass.]]------------------- 4,700

8) [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's County, MD]] -------------- 4,500

9) [[Gwinnett County, Georgia|Gwinnett County, GA]] ------------------------- 4,100

10) [[Fairfax County, Virginia|Fairfax County, VA]] --------------------------- 3,300

11) [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn Borough, NY]] --------------------- 3,200

12) [[Tarrant County, Texas|Tarrant County, TX]] --------------------------- 2,700

13) [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County, CA]] ------------------ 2,500

14) [[Middlesex County, New Jersey|Middlesex County, NJ]] --------------------- 2,400

15) [[Dallas County, Texas|Dallas County, TX]] ---------------------------- 2,400{{clear}}


== Education and languages ==
== Education and languages ==

Revision as of 18:19, 27 December 2021

Main article: African immigration to the United States
Ghanaian Americans
Total population
Ghanaian Americans
119,789 (2013 American Community Survey)[1]
136,967 (Ghanaian-born, 2014)[2]
Regions with significant populations
New York City, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Boston, Providence, Newark, Worcester, Hartford, Miami, Orlando, Atlanta, Chicago, Columbus, New Jersey, Denver, California
Languages
English, French, Akan, Kwa, Twi, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani other languages of Ghana
Religion
Predominantly Christian, Islam, other minorities.[3]
Related ethnic groups
Ghanaians

Ghanaian Americans are an ethnic group of Americans of full or partial Ghanaian ancestry or Ghanaian immigrants who became naturalized citizen of the United States.

History

Early history

The first people to arrive from the region then known as the Gold Coast were brought as slaves via the Atlantic slave trade. Several ethnic groups such as the Akan, the Ganga[4] or the Ga people were imported as well to the modern United States and the third of these groups appear to have an influence on the language of the Gullah people.[5][6] Because Ghanaian ports were major routes for European slave traders. Captives from ethnic groups and tribes from all over West Africa were brought there to be held and sent to the New World. Most them were imported to South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia, although other places in the United States, such as Spanish Florida and French Louisiana also had many slaves of this origin.[4]

Recent immigration

Ghanaians began arriving in the United States en masse after the 1960s and in the 1970s amidst the civil rights movement and the decolonization of Africa. In 1957, Ghana became the first African country to gain independence from colonial rule. Ghana's first president, Kwame Nkrumah, studied at American universities and worked with black American leaders for the rights of Black people around the world. Notable African-American intellectuals and activists such as W. E. B. Du Bois and Malcolm X used Ghana as a symbol of black achievement. Most of the early immigrants from Ghana to the United States were students who came to get a better education and planned on using the education acquired in the United States to better Ghana.[7] However, many Ghanaians that migrated in the 1980s and 1990s, came to get business opportunities. In difficult economic times, the number of Ghanaians who emigrated to the United States was small. However, when these economic problems were paralyzed, they built resources for their emigration to the United States.[7]

Demography

This strip mall on Cleveland Avenue in Columbus has several Ghanaian businesses: an insurance agency, a hair salon, a grocery store, a cafe, and clothing stores.

According to the 2010 Census there are 91,322 Ghanaian Americans living in the United States.[8] Locations with large populations include (in order of size): Atlanta; Chicago; Detroit; Washington, D.C.;New York City; Philadelphia; Boston; Newark; Providence; Hartford; Worcester; Denver; Columbus; Florida and Maryland.

According to estimates from the American Community Survey for 2015 to 2019[9], the total number of immigrants from Ghana in the USA was 178,400. The top 15 counties of residence were as follows:

1) Bronx Borough, NY --------------------------- 19,500

2) Prince William County, VA ------------------ 6,400

3) Franklin County, OH --------------------------- 6,400

4) Cook County, IL --------------------------------- 5,200

5) Essex County, NJ ------------------------------ 5,100

6) Montgomery County, MD ------------------ 5,000

7) Worcester County, Mass.------------------- 4,700

8) Prince George's County, MD -------------- 4,500

9) Gwinnett County, GA ------------------------- 4,100

10) Fairfax County, VA --------------------------- 3,300

11) Brooklyn Borough, NY --------------------- 3,200

12) Tarrant County, TX --------------------------- 2,700

13) Los Angeles County, CA ------------------ 2,500

14) Middlesex County, NJ --------------------- 2,400

15) Dallas County, TX ---------------------------- 2,400

Education and languages

African immigrants to the U.S. are among the most educated groups in the United States. Some 48.9 percent of all African immigrants hold a college diploma. This is more than double the rate of native-born white Americans and nearly four times the rate of native-born African Americans.[10]

Ghanaian immigrants arrive with high educational statistics and this is attributable to Ghana's English-speaking school system.[11] Ghanaians are well represented in top universities across the United States and schools such as Cornell, Tufts, Yale, the University of Pennsylvania and Stanford University have groups specifically devoted to Ghanaian students, in addition to general African student associations.[11]

Languages

Ghanaian Americans speak English, and often also speak Akan, Ga, Ewe and Twi.[7] Ghanaians have an easier time adapting to life in the United States than other immigrants because their homeland of Ghana has the English language as the official language and it is spoken by the majority of Ghana's population.[7]

Notable people

Lists of Americans
By US state
By ethnicity
See also: Category:American people of Ghanaian descent

Sports

Music, arts and entertainment

Other

See also

References

  1. ^ "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported 2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
  2. ^ "PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES, Universe: Foreign-born population excluding population born at sea, 2007-2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 16 July 2013.[dead link‍]
  3. ^ US Census Bureau, International Religious Freedom Report 2009, Ghanaian-American
  4. ^ a b Darlene Clark Hine, Earnestine Jenkins (eds), A Question of Manhood: A Reader in U.S. Black Men's History and Masculinity, Volume 1, pp. 103–104.
  5. ^ African American culture Archived 2011-12-22 at the Wayback Machine, African Diaspora. Retrieved September 10, 2012, 23:26 pm.
  6. ^ Pilgrim, David (July 2005). "Question of the Month. Cudjo Lewis: Last African Slave in the U.S.?". Jim Crow Museum of Racist Memorabilia. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
  7. ^ a b c d EveryCulture — Ghanaian-Americans. Posted by Drew Walker. Retrieved December 10, 2011, 12:04.
  8. ^ "Total ancestry categories tallied for people with one or more ancestry categories reported in 2010 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
  9. ^ "U.S. Immigrant Population by State and County". migrationpolicy.org. 2014-02-04. Retrieved 2021-12-27.
  10. ^ "African Immigrants in the United States are the Nation's Most Highly Educated Group". The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 26 (Winter 1999-2000), pp. 60-61 doi:10.2307/2999156
  11. ^ a b "The Educational System of Ghana". ghana.usembassy.gov. Archived from the original on March 1, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2013.

Further reading

  • Attah-Poku, Agyemang. The SocioCultural Adjustment Question: The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Ethnic Associations in America (Brookfield, VT: Avebury, 1996).
  • Walker, Drew. "Ghanaian Americans." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America, edited by Thomas Riggs, (3rd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2014), pp. 225–236. Online
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