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'''Painite''' is a very rare [[borate mineral]]. It was first found in [[Myanmar]] by British [[mineralogist]] and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as [[ruby]], until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.<ref name=HB/> Due to its rarity, painite can cost in the range of between US$50,000 to $60,000 per [[Carat (mass)|carat]]. |
'''Painite''' is a very rare [[borate mineral]]. It was first found in [[Myanmar]] by British [[mineralogist]] and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as [[ruby]], until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.<ref name=HB/> Due to its rarity, painite can cost in the range of between US$50,000 to $60,000 per [[Carat (mass)|carat]]. |
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The chemical makeup of painite contains [[calcium]], [[zirconium]], [[boron]], [[aluminium]] and [[oxygen]] ( |
The chemical makeup of painite contains [[calcium]], [[zirconium]], [[boron]], [[aluminium]] and [[oxygen]] (CaZrAl<sub>9</sub>O<sub>15</sub>(BO<sub>3</sub>)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of [[chromium]] and [[vanadium]], which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,<ref name = AM89/><ref name=Caltech>[http://minerals.gps.caltech.edu/FILES/Visible/painite/Index.html Painite history at Caltech]. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.</ref> similar to [[topaz]]. The mineral's rarity is due to the fact that zirconium and boron rarely interact with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally [[hexagonal crystal system|hexagonal]] in shape, and, until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.<ref>[http://io9.com/5902212/ten-gemstones-that-are-rarer-than-diamond Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond]. io9.com</ref> |
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==Discovery and occurrence== |
==Discovery and occurrence== |
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Revision as of 22:01, 29 January 2022
| Painite | |
|---|---|
 Painite from Myanmar, 2 cm long | |
| General | |
| Category | Borate minerals |
| Formula (repeating unit) | CaZrAl9O15(BO3) |
| Strunz classification | 6.AB.85 |
| Dana classification | 7.5.2.1 |
| Crystal system | Hexagonal[1] |
| Crystal class | Dipyramidal (6/m) (same H-M symbol), although earlier reported as hexagonal (6)[2] |
| Space group | P63/m |
| Unit cell | a = 8.72 Å, c = 8.46 Å; Z = 2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Red, brownish, orange-red |
| Crystal habit | Elongated crystals, pseudo-orthorhombic[3][2] |
| Mohs scale hardness | 8 |
| Luster | Vitreous |
| Streak | Red |
| Diaphaneity | Transparent |
| Specific gravity | 4.01 |
| Optical properties | Uniaxial (-) |
| Refractive index | no = 1.8159, ne = 1.7875[3] |
| Pleochroism | Ruby-red parallel to [0001]; pale brownish orange or pale red-orange at right angles to [0001] |
| Melting point | 2094[ambiguous][citation needed] |
| Solubility | Insoluble in acids[3] |
| References | [2][4][5] |
Painite is a very rare borate mineral. It was first found in Myanmar by British mineralogist and gem dealer Arthur C.D. Pain who misidentified it as ruby, until it was discovered as a new gemstone in the 1950s. When it was confirmed as a new mineral species, the mineral was named after him.[2] Due to its rarity, painite can cost in the range of between US$50,000 to $60,000 per carat.
The chemical makeup of painite contains calcium, zirconium, boron, aluminium and oxygen (CaZrAl9O15(BO3)). The mineral also contains trace amounts of chromium and vanadium, which are responsible for Painite's typically orange-red to brownish-red color,[1][6] similar to topaz. The mineral's rarity is due to the fact that zirconium and boron rarely interact with each other in nature. The crystals are naturally hexagonal in shape, and, until late 2004, only two had been cut into faceted gemstones.[7]
Discovery and occurrence
Extensive exploration in the area surrounding Mogok, which comprises a large part of the extremely small region the mineral is known to exist in, has identified several new painite occurrences that have been vigorously explored[when?] resulting in several thousand new available painite specimens.[6]
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Striated, euhedral painite crystal (size: 0.9×0.8×0.7 cm) -
See also
References
- ^ a b T Armbruster; N Dobelin; A Peretti; D Gunther; E Reusser; B Grobety (2004). "The crystal structure of painite CaZrB(Al9O18) revisited" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 89 (4): 610–613. Bibcode:2004AmMin..89..610A. doi:10.2138/am-2004-0415. S2CID 53848992. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
- ^ a b c d Anthony, John W.; Bideaux, Richard A.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Nichols, Monte C., eds. (2003). "Paynite". Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF). Vol. V (Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates). Chantilly, VA, US: Mineralogical Society of America. ISBN 0962209740. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- ^ a b c Claringbull GF, Hey MH, Payne CJ (1957). "Painite, a New Mineral from Mogok, Burma". Mineralogical Magazine. 31 (236): 420–5. Bibcode:1957MinM...31..420C. doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.236.11.
- ^ Painite. Webmineral. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
- ^ Painite. Mindat.org. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
- ^ a b Painite history at Caltech. Minerals.gps.caltech.edu. Retrieved on 2012-05-28.
- ^ Ten gemstones that are rarer than diamond. io9.com
External links
Media related to Painite at Wikimedia Commons
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Gemmological classifications by E. Ya. Kievlenko (1980), updated | |||||||||
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