Britford: Difference between revisions
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==Parish church== |
==Parish church== |
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The [[nave]] of the [[Church of England parish church]] of [[Saint Peter]] is [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Saxon]], built probably in the 9th century. |
The [[nave]] of the [[Church of England parish church]] of [[Saint Peter]] is [[Anglo-Saxon architecture|Saxon]], built probably in the 9th century.<ref name="EH-church">{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023791|desc=Church of St Peter and attached Radnor Mausoleum|access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> On each side of the nave there is a round-headed Saxon arch into a ''[[porticus]]'' (small space for a side-chapel). The arch to the south ''porticus'' is plain, but that to the north ''porticus'' is supported by decorated stone slabs. The carving on one slab seems to be developed from the style of decoration of the [[Bewcastle Cross|Bewcastle]] and [[Ruthwell Cross|Ruthwell]] [[Preaching cross|crosses]] at the beginning of the 8th century; the style of the other seems to be 9th century.<ref name="Pevsner142">{{harvnb|Pevsner|Cherry|1975|p=142.}}</ref> |
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In the 14th century the north and south [[transept]]s were added, making the church the [[Cruciform#Cruciform architectural plan|cruciform]] building it is today.<ref name=Pevsner142/> Each transept is next to the Saxon ''porticus'' on its corresponding side and includes the east wall of that ''porticus''. The arches where the transepts meet the nave are [[English Gothic architecture#Decorated Gothic|Decorated Gothic]], as is the east window of the [[chancel]].<ref name=Pevsner142/> A 15th-century tomb chest monument in the church is supposed to be that of [[Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]] who was executed in [[Salisbury]] in 1483.<ref name=Pevsner143/> Also 15th-century is a small, iron-bound wooden chest in the north transept.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
In the 14th century the north and south [[transept]]s were added, making the church the [[Cruciform#Cruciform architectural plan|cruciform]] building it is today.<ref name=Pevsner142/> Each transept is next to the Saxon ''porticus'' on its corresponding side and includes the east wall of that ''porticus''. The arches where the transepts meet the nave are [[English Gothic architecture#Decorated Gothic|Decorated Gothic]], as is the east window of the [[chancel]].<ref name=Pevsner142/> A 15th-century tomb chest monument in the church is supposed to be that of [[Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]] who was executed in [[Salisbury]] in 1483.<ref name=Pevsner143/> Also 15th-century is a small, iron-bound wooden chest in the north transept.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
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The finely-carved [[pulpit]] is late 17th century.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
The finely-carved [[pulpit]] is late 17th century.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
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The west wall of the nave was rebuilt in 1764.<ref name=EH-church/> Over the [[Crossing (architecture)|crossing]] is a central tower, which was rebuilt in 1764<ref name=EH-church/> or 1767.<ref name=Pevsner143/> [[John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor]] had a [[mausoleum]] added to the |
The west wall of the nave was rebuilt in 1764.<ref name=EH-church/> Over the [[Crossing (architecture)|crossing]] is a central tower, which was rebuilt in 1764<ref name=EH-church/> or 1767.<ref name=Pevsner143/> [[John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor]] had a [[mausoleum]] added to the north-west corner of the north transept in 1764<ref name=EH-church/> or 1777.<ref name=Pevsner143/> The building was [[Victorian restoration|restored]] in 1873 to the designs of [[George Edmund Street]], who had the Radnor mausoleum [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothicised]] or rebuilt.<ref name=EH-church/><ref name=Pevsner143/> The west window of the nave has [[stained glass]] made by [[Ward and Hughes]] of London in 1882.<ref name=EH-church/> St Peter's is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade I listed building]].<ref name=EH-church/> |
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In the second quarter of the 13th century Britford had an [[Anchorite|anchoress]] called Joan. |
In the second quarter of the 13th century, Britford had an [[Anchorite|anchoress]] called Joan. In 1215 [[John of England|King John]] granted her an income of one [[penny]] per day. She received royal gifts of oaks in 1226, 1231 and 1245. In 1237 the [[sheriff]] of Salisbury was ordered to ensure that the courtyard around her house was securely enclosed with a wall.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/wilts/vol3/pp150-155|title=A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 3|date=1956|publisher=University of London|editor1-last=Pugh|editor1-first=R.B.|editor1-link=Ralph Pugh|series=[[Victoria County History]]|pages=150-155|chapter=Religious Houses: Introduction|access-date=17 February 2022|editor2-last=Crittall|editor2-first=Elizabeth|via=British History Online}}</ref> |
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St Peter's has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of six bells. Five including the tenor |
St Peter's has a [[Change ringing|ring]] of six bells. Five including the tenor were cast in 1765 by Robert Wells I of [[Aldbourne]]; The treble bell was cast in 1899 by Thomas Blackbourn of Salisbury.<ref name="DoveDetails">{{cite web|last=Dawson|first=George|date=21 December 2006|title=Britford S Peter|url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/detail.php?searchString=Britford&DoveID=BRITFORD|access-date=3 September 2013|work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]]|publisher=[[Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]]}}</ref><ref name="DovesFounders">{{cite web|author=Dovemaster|date=31 October 2012|title=Bell Founders|url=http://dove.cccbr.org.uk/founders.php|access-date=3 September 2013|work=[[Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers]]|publisher=[[Central Council of Church Bell Ringers]]}}</ref> |
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St Peter's is now one of 13 parishes in the [[Benefice#Church of England|Benefice]] of [[River Chalke|Chalke Valley]].<ref>{{ |
St Peter's is now one of 13 parishes in the [[Benefice#Church of England|Benefice]] of [[River Chalke|Chalke Valley]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Churches|url=https://www.chalkevalleychurches.org/ourchurches.htm|access-date=2022-02-17|website=Chalke Valley Churches}}</ref> |
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==Secular history== |
==Secular history== |
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Rectory Farmhouse, |
Rectory Farmhouse, north-west of St Peter's, is a 17th-century house with a symmetrical front of three [[Bay (architecture)|bays]]. At the front the two ground-floor windows have four lights and a [[Transom (architecture)|transom]]; the first floor windows have [[ovolo]]-moulded [[mullion]]s.<ref name="Pevsner143" /><ref name="EH-rectory">{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023790|desc=Rectory Farmhouse|access-date=9 November 2015|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> It is a [[Listed building#Categories of listed building|Grade II* listed building]].<ref name=EH-rectory/> |
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Moat House, |
Moat House, south-west of St Peter's, is a 17th-century house surrounded by a [[moat]].<ref name="EH-moat">{{National Heritage List for England|num=1023794|desc=Moat House|access-date=9 November 2015|fewer-links=yes}}</ref> The house was remodelled in 1766 and again in the 19th century, so that externally it looks early 19th century [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]].<ref name=Pevsner143/> It is now divided into two houses.<ref name=EH-moat/> |
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There are Georgian cottages on the main A338 road, built for the [[Longford Castle]] estate.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
There are Georgian cottages on the main A338 road, built for the [[Longford Castle]] estate.<ref name=Pevsner143/> |
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*{{cite journal |last1=Cross |first1=Donald Alfred Edgar |year=1970 |title=The Salisbury Avon Navigation |journal=Industrial Archaeology |publisher=[[David & Charles]] |volume=VII |issue=2 |pages=121–135 }} |
*{{cite journal |last1=Cross |first1=Donald Alfred Edgar |year=1970 |title=The Salisbury Avon Navigation |journal=Industrial Archaeology |publisher=[[David & Charles]] |volume=VII |issue=2 |pages=121–135 }} |
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*{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Cherry |first2=Bridget (revision) |orig-year=1963 |year=1975 |title=Wiltshire |edition=revised |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=0-14-0710-26-4 |pages=142–144 }} |
*{{cite book |last1=Pevsner |first1=Nikolaus |author-link1=Nikolaus Pevsner |last2=Cherry |first2=Bridget (revision) |orig-year=1963 |year=1975 |title=Wiltshire |edition=revised |series=[[Pevsner Architectural Guides#Buildings of England|The Buildings of England]] |location=Harmondsworth |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |isbn=0-14-0710-26-4 |pages=142–144 }} |
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*{{cite book |editor1-last=Pugh |editor1-first=R.B. |editor1-link=Ralph Pugh |editor2-last=Crittall |editor2-first=Elizabeth |year=1956 |title=A History of the County of Wiltshire |volume=3 |series=[[Victoria County History]] |pages=362–364 }} |
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{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category}} |
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Revision as of 12:29, 17 February 2022
| Britford | |
|---|---|
 St Peter's parish church | |
  Britford Location within Wiltshire | |
| Population | 592 (2011 Census)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SU160282 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Salisbury |
| Postcode district | SP5 |
| Dialling code | 01722 |
| Police | Wiltshire |
| Fire | Dorset and Wiltshire |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| UK Parliament | |
| Website | Parish Council |
Britford is a village and civil parish beside the River Avon about 1.5 miles (2.4 km) southeast of Salisbury in Wiltshire, England. The village is just off the A338 road. The 2011 Census recorded a parish population of 592.[1]
The place-name 'Britford' is first attested in a Saxon charter of circa 670, where it appears as Brytfordingea. It appears as Bretford and Bredford in the Domesday Book of 1086, and as Brideford in the Curia Regis Rolls of 1203. The name means "brides' ford", and has the same etymology as Bridford in Devon.[2]
Archaeology
Little Woodbury, 0.5 miles (800 m) southwest of the village, is the site of an Iron Age settlement.[3] Excavations in 1938–39 revealed the sites of granaries, storage pits and a circular house nearly 50 feet (15 m) in diameter.[4]
Great Woodbury, 1 mile (1.6 km) from the village, is the remains of an Iron Age hill fort.
Parish church
The nave of the Church of England parish church of Saint Peter is Saxon, built probably in the 9th century.[5] On each side of the nave there is a round-headed Saxon arch into a porticus (small space for a side-chapel). The arch to the south porticus is plain, but that to the north porticus is supported by decorated stone slabs. The carving on one slab seems to be developed from the style of decoration of the Bewcastle and Ruthwell crosses at the beginning of the 8th century; the style of the other seems to be 9th century.[6]
In the 14th century the north and south transepts were added, making the church the cruciform building it is today.[6] Each transept is next to the Saxon porticus on its corresponding side and includes the east wall of that porticus. The arches where the transepts meet the nave are Decorated Gothic, as is the east window of the chancel.[6] A 15th-century tomb chest monument in the church is supposed to be that of Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham who was executed in Salisbury in 1483.[3] Also 15th-century is a small, iron-bound wooden chest in the north transept.[3]
The finely-carved pulpit is late 17th century.[3]
The west wall of the nave was rebuilt in 1764.[5] Over the crossing is a central tower, which was rebuilt in 1764[5] or 1767.[3] John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor had a mausoleum added to the north-west corner of the north transept in 1764[5] or 1777.[3] The building was restored in 1873 to the designs of George Edmund Street, who had the Radnor mausoleum Gothicised or rebuilt.[5][3] The west window of the nave has stained glass made by Ward and Hughes of London in 1882.[5] St Peter's is a Grade I listed building.[5]
In the second quarter of the 13th century, Britford had an anchoress called Joan. In 1215 King John granted her an income of one penny per day. She received royal gifts of oaks in 1226, 1231 and 1245. In 1237 the sheriff of Salisbury was ordered to ensure that the courtyard around her house was securely enclosed with a wall.[7]
St Peter's has a ring of six bells. Five including the tenor were cast in 1765 by Robert Wells I of Aldbourne; The treble bell was cast in 1899 by Thomas Blackbourn of Salisbury.[8][9]
St Peter's is now one of 13 parishes in the Benefice of Chalke Valley.[10]
Secular history
Rectory Farmhouse, north-west of St Peter's, is a 17th-century house with a symmetrical front of three bays. At the front the two ground-floor windows have four lights and a transom; the first floor windows have ovolo-moulded mullions.[3][11] It is a Grade II* listed building.[11]
Moat House, south-west of St Peter's, is a 17th-century house surrounded by a moat.[12] The house was remodelled in 1766 and again in the 19th century, so that externally it looks early 19th century Georgian.[3] It is now divided into two houses.[12]
There are Georgian cottages on the main A338 road, built for the Longford Castle estate.[3]
In 1664 an Act of Parliament authorised the conversion of the River Avon into a navigation between Salisbury and the English Channel at Christchurch.[13] Canalised channels were dug to straighten sections of the river, including one about a 1 mile (1.6 km) long through Britford parish, leaving the watermeadows just downstream from the cathedral and rejoining the river near Longford Castle, south-east of the village. Work began in 1675 and the route was completed in 1684, but it fell out of use around 1715.[14] The only surviving lock on the defunct waterway is near Longford Castle, and was rebuilt in brick as a pound lock soon after the original flash lock was damaged by flooding c.1700.[15] Nearby is a footbridge over the navigation, built c.1748 after the abandonment.[16]
Local government
The civil parish elects a parish council. It is in the area of Wiltshire Council unitary authority, which performs all significant local government functions.
The ancient parish of Britford included the tithing of East Harnham,[17] which became a separate ecclesiastical parish in 1855 after a church was built there in the previous year. East Harnham continued as part of Britford civil parish until 1896, when it became a separate parish; in 1904 it joined the borough of Salisbury and is now part of Harnham suburb.[18]
Amenities
Britford has a Church of England primary school, built in 1959 to replace a National School which opened in 1853.[19] On 1 April 2010 it merged with the primary school in Odstock to form Longford C of E Primary School,[20] named after the Longford estate. Both sets of buildings remain in use: the Britford site teaches Key Stage 1 and the Odstock site teaches Key Stage 2.
Salisbury District Hospital is in the parish about 1 mile (1.6 km) southwest of the village.
A Park and Ride bus service for journeys to Salisbury operates from a site on the A338 near the village.[21]
References
- ^ a b "Area: Britford (Parish); Key Figures for 2011 Census: Key Statistics". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
- ^ Eilert Ekwall, The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names, p.66.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Pevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 143.
- ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 144.
- ^ a b c d e f g Historic England. "Church of St Peter and attached Radnor Mausoleum (1023791)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ a b c Pevsner & Cherry 1975, p. 142.
- ^ Pugh, R.B.; Crittall, Elizabeth, eds. (1956). "Religious Houses: Introduction". A History of the County of Wiltshire, Volume 3. Victoria County History. University of London. pp. 150–155. Retrieved 17 February 2022 – via British History Online.
- ^ Dawson, George (21 December 2006). "Britford S Peter". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ Dovemaster (31 October 2012). "Bell Founders". Dove's Guide for Church Bell Ringers. Central Council of Church Bell Ringers. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ "Our Churches". Chalke Valley Churches. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Rectory Farmhouse (1023790)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ a b Historic England. "Moat House (1023794)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ Cross 1970[page needed]
- ^ Historic England. "Avon River Navigation (1031488)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Britford Lock (1011344)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ Historic England. "Bridge over Avon Navigation, to rear of stable Block (1023840)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
- ^ "Victoria County History – Wiltshire – Vol 4 pp315-361 – Table of population, 1801–1951". British History Online. University of London. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Britford". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "Longford C of E (VC) Primary School, Britford". Wiltshire Community History. Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
- ^ "About Longford School". Longford C of E Primary School. 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2013.
- ^ "Salisbury Park & Ride". Wiltshire Council. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
Sources
- Cross, Donald Alfred Edgar (1970). "The Salisbury Avon Navigation". Industrial Archaeology. VII (2). David & Charles: 121–135.
- Pevsner, Nikolaus; Cherry, Bridget (revision) (1975) [1963]. Wiltshire. The Buildings of England (revised ed.). Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 142–144. ISBN 0-14-0710-26-4.
