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Coordinates: 59°56′17″N 30°19′02″E / 59.9381°N 30.3172°E / 59.9381; 30.3172
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==History==
==History==
According to the [[Polish Institute of International Affairs]], the Western Military District, "with about 300,000 troops, was formed in 2010 from the Moscow and Leningrad MDs."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dyner |first1=Anna Maria |title=Russia Beefs Up Military Potential in the Country’s Western Areas |url=https://pism.pl/publications/Russia_Beefs_Up_Military_Potential_in_the_Country_s_Western_Areas |work=Polish Institute of International Affairs |date=13 June 2016}}</ref>
According to the [[Polish Institute of International Affairs]], the Western Military District, "with about 300,000 troops, was formed in 2010 from the Moscow and Leningrad MDs."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dyner |first1=Anna Maria |title=Russia Beefs Up Military Potential in the Country's Western Areas |url=https://pism.pl/publications/Russia_Beefs_Up_Military_Potential_in_the_Country_s_Western_Areas |work=Polish Institute of International Affairs |date=13 June 2016}}</ref>


On 26 February 2014, during the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Crimean crisis]], President [[Vladimir Putin]] ordered the [[Russian Armed Forces]] to be "put on alert in the Western Military District as well as units stationed with the 2nd Army [[Central Military District]] Command involved in aerospace defense, airborne troops and long-range military transport." Despite media speculation it was for in reaction to the events in Ukraine, Russian [[Ministry of Defense (Russia)|Defense Minister]] [[Sergei Shoigu]] said it was unrelated to the unrest in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alpert |first=Lukas I. |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304709904579406310892324006 |title=Russia Orders Military Exercises Amid Ukraine Tension |work=The Wall Street Journal|date=27 February 2014 }}</ref>
On 26 February 2014, during the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Crimean crisis]], President [[Vladimir Putin]] ordered the [[Russian Armed Forces]] to be "put on alert in the Western Military District as well as units stationed with the 2nd Army [[Central Military District]] Command involved in aerospace defense, airborne troops and long-range military transport." Despite media speculation it was for in reaction to the events in Ukraine, Russian [[Ministry of Defense (Russia)|Defense Minister]] [[Sergei Shoigu]] said it was unrelated to the unrest in Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news|last=Alpert |first=Lukas I. |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304709904579406310892324006 |title=Russia Orders Military Exercises Amid Ukraine Tension |work=The Wall Street Journal|date=27 February 2014 }}</ref>

Revision as of 21:19, 22 March 2022

For the Soviet counterpart, see Belorussian Military District. For the Swedish one, see Western Military District (Sweden).
Western Military District
Западный военный округ
Emblem of the Western Military District
Founded20 October 2010
Country Russia
TypeMilitary district
Part of Russian Armed Forces
HeadquartersGeneral Staff Building, Saint Petersburg
DecorationsOrder of Lenin Order of Lenin
Commanders
Current
commander		Colonel General Alexander Zhuravlyov
Insignia
Flag
Russian Armed Forces
Staff
Services (vid)
Independent troops (rod)
Special operations force (sof)
Other troops
Military districts
History of the Russian military
Western Military District HQ at the Saint Petersburg General Staff Building

The Western Military District (Russian: Западный военный округ) is a military district of Russia.

It is one of the five military districts of the Russian Armed Forces, with its jurisdiction primarily within the western central region of European Russia. The Western Military District was created as part of the 2008 military reforms, and founded by Presidential Decree №1144 signed on September 20, 2010, as an amalgamation of the Moscow Military District, Leningrad Military District and Kaliningrad Special Region.[1] The district began operation on October 20, 2010, under the command of Colonel-General Valery Gerasimov.

The Western Military District is the second smallest military district in Russia by geographic size. The district contains 26 federal subjects of Russia: Belgorod Oblast, Bryansk Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast, Kaliningrad Oblast, Kaluga Oblast, Karelia, Kostroma Oblast, Kursk Oblast, Leningrad Oblast, Lipetsk Oblast, Moscow, Moscow Oblast, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Oryol Oblast, Pskov Oblast, Ryazan Oblast, Saint Petersburg, Smolensk Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Tver Oblast, Tula Oblast, Vladimir Oblast, Vologda Oblast, Voronezh Oblast, Yaroslavl Oblast. On 1 December 2014, the Arctic Joint Strategic Command was split off from the Western Military District, removing Arkhangelsk Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Komi Republic, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, as well as the Russian Navy's Baltic Fleet and Northern Fleet, from the district's command.[2][3]

The Western Military District is headquartered in the General Staff Building in Saint Petersburg, and its current district commander is Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlyov, who has held the position since November 2018.[4]

History

According to the Polish Institute of International Affairs, the Western Military District, "with about 300,000 troops, was formed in 2010 from the Moscow and Leningrad MDs."[5]

On 26 February 2014, during the Crimean crisis, President Vladimir Putin ordered the Russian Armed Forces to be "put on alert in the Western Military District as well as units stationed with the 2nd Army Central Military District Command involved in aerospace defense, airborne troops and long-range military transport." Despite media speculation it was for in reaction to the events in Ukraine, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu said it was unrelated to the unrest in Ukraine.[6]

In April 2017, it was reported by Defence Ministry that the 14th Army Corps had been transferred to the Northern Fleet Joint Strategic Command.[7] It appears that this army corps, formed with its number in view of the World War II actions of the Soviet 14th Army, includes the 80th Motor Rifle Brigade (Arctic) and the 200th Motor Rifle Brigade.

In the September Zapad 2017 military exercise, a significant portion of troops from the Western Military District numbering 12,700 personnel were involved in Belarus, the Kaliningrad Region and Russia's other north-western areas as well.

A December 2018 Russian Ministry of Defense press release reported that an independent Spetsnaz company had been formed in a combined arms army of the district.[8]

Units

Russia's Comprehensive Security System Center in Saint Petersburg

Direct reporting units and formations

Muzyka 2020 lists a total of 21 direct reporting units and formations, but does not include the OGRF in Moldova, but does include Land Forces Command HQ, Moscow, and Joint Strategic Command - West at St Petersburg.

Muzkya 2020 does not include the:

1st Guards Tank Army

HQ: Odintsovo, Moscow Region (reinstated 2014)[15]

6th Army

HQ: Saint Petersburg

20th Guards Army

The bands of the Western Military District in their various uniforms.

HQ: Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast[16]

Russian Airborne Troops

Intelligence/Spetsnaz units and formations

  • 2nd Spetsnaz Brigade
  • 16th Spetsnaz Brigade (Tambov)[21]
  • 322nd Special Forces Training Center

Air Forces

  • 6th Air and Air Defence Forces Army (HQ: St.Petersburg)[38]
    • 105th Guards Composite Aviation Division
    • Naval Aviation (drawn from 132nd Mixed Aviation Division - Kaliningrad)
      • 689th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (Two Squadrons: Sukhoi Su-27P - planned to re-equip with the Su-35[39])
      • 4th Naval Attack Aviation Regiment (One Squadron: Sukhoi Su-30SM; One Squadron: Su-24M)
    • 2nd Air Defence Division (St. Petersburg region)[18]
      • 1488th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Zelenogorsk - S-400 SAM system)
      • 1489th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Vaganovo - S-400/Pantsir SAM systems)
      • 1490th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Ulyanovka - S-400 SAMs)
      • 500th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Gostilitsy - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 1544th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Vladimirsky Lager - S-400 SAMs)
    • 32nd Air Defence Division[18]
      • 42nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Izhitsy - S-300PM2 surface-to-air missile system)
      • 108th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Voronezh - S-300PM2 SAMs)
    • 44th Air Defence Division of the Baltic Fleet (Kaliningrad region)[18]
      • 183rd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Gvardeysk - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 1545th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Kruglovo - S-400 SAMs)
  • 1st Air Defence and Missile Defence Army (Special Command of Russian Aerospace Forces for air defence of Moscow - not subordinated to Western Military District;[18])
    • 4th Air Defence Division
      • 584th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Mar'ino - S-300PM SAMs)
      • 210th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Dubrovki - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 93rd Anti-Aircraft Regiment (Fun'kovo - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 612th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Krasnoznamensk - S-300 SAMs)
    • 202nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (Naro-Fominsk - S-300 SAMs)
    • 5th Air Defence Division
      • 549th Ant-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Il'inskoye - S-400/Pantsir SAMs)
      • 614th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Pestovo - S-300 SAMs)
      • 629th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Elektrostal - S-300 SAMs)
      • 606th Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment (Elektrostal - S-400/S-300/Pantsir SAMs)
    • 9th Anti-Ballistic Missile Defence Division (A-135 anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system;[40]
  • 15th Special Aerospace Forces Army (Moscow-based special Command of Russian Aerospace forces and responsible for cosmodromes and space-monitoring stations) reportedly receiving S-500 SAM/ABM system as of summer 2021[41][42][43]

Leadership

Western Military District commander Alexander Zhuravlyov (left) with Belarusian Defence Minister Andrei Ravkov (right) in Minsk.

Commanders

  • Colonel-General Valery Gerasimov (20 October 2010 – 28 October 2010 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Arkady Bakhin (28 October 2010 – 9 November 2012)
  • Colonel-General Anatoly Sidorov (24 December 2012 – 10 November 2015)
  • Colonel-General Andrey Kartapolov (10 November 2015 – 19 December 2016)
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (19 December 2016 – April 2017 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Andrey Kartapolov (April 2017 – 30 July 2018)[44]
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (30 July 2018 – November 2018 (acting))
  • Colonel-General Alexander Zhuravlyov (November 2018 – present)

Chiefs of Staff - First Deputy Commanders

  • Admiral Nikolai Maksimov (28 October 2010 – October 2012)
  • Lieutenant-General Andrey Kartapolov (December 2012 – 21 June 2014)
  • Lieutenant-General Viktor Astapov (21 June 2014 – November 2018)
  • Lieutenant-General Aleksey Zavizon (November 2018 – present)

References

  1. ^ "Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 20 сентября 2010 года № 1144 "О военно-административном делении Российской Федерации"". Archived from the original on 2012-03-31. Retrieved 2014-11-29.
  2. ^ Создано новое стратегическое командование Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 1 December 2014.
  3. ^ Северный флот возьмет Арктику под постоянный контроль Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 31 May 2017.
  4. ^ "Бывший командующий российскими войсками в Сирии возглавил Западный военный округ" (in Russian). Kommersant. 10 November 2018. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  5. ^ Dyner, Anna Maria (13 June 2016). "Russia Beefs Up Military Potential in the Country's Western Areas". Polish Institute of International Affairs.
  6. ^ Alpert, Lukas I. (27 February 2014). "Russia Orders Military Exercises Amid Ukraine Tension". The Wall Street Journal.
  7. ^ bmpd (2017-04-22). "В составе объединенного стратегического командования "Север" сформирован 14-й армейский корпус". bmpd. Retrieved 2017-06-16.
  8. ^ "В состав общевойсковой армии ЗВО вошло подразделение специального назначения" [Spetsnaz unit included in Western Military District combined arms army] (in Russian). Press Service of the Western Military District. 19 December 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/Russian%20Ground%20Forces%20OOB_ISW%20CTP_0.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  10. ^ a b c Muzyka, 2020 & 27.
  11. ^ Galeotti, Mark (2017). The Modern Russian Army 1992–2016. Elite 217. Oxford: Osprey. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-47281-908-6.
  12. ^ Muzyka, 2020 & 26.
  13. ^ Konrad Muzyka (Rochan Consulting) (December 2020). "Russian Forces in the Western Military District" (PDF). CNA Corporation. p. 24.
  14. ^ Ramm, Alexey; Andreev, Evgeny (22 September 2017). "Минобороны вернуло "надувной" полк". Izvestia. Inews. Retrieved 20 December 2017. and "The Russian Camouflage Regiment". OE Watch. 07 (10): 20–21. November 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  15. ^ "Россия закрывает "черную дыру" на границе с Украиной". ВЗГЛЯД.РУ.
  16. ^ https://www.criticalthreats.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Russian-Ground-Forces-OOB_ISW-CTP-1.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ^ "Две новые дивизии ЗВО и ЮВО полностью обустроят в мае 2017 года". РИА Новости (in Russian). 11 November 2016. Retrieved 2017-03-04.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Russian Military Forces: Interactive Map".
  19. ^ "В Воронежской области сформирована новая танковая бригада" [New armored brigade formed in Voronezh region]. lenta.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  20. ^ "Новая танковая бригада пополнила состав войск Западного военного округа" [New Tank Brigade has expanded the composition of the Western Military District]. Interfax.ru (in Russian). 14 September 2015. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
  21. ^ "Войсковая часть 54607 (16-я ОБрСпецНаза)". 16 November 2015.
  22. ^ "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 77, 1 March - 7 March 2021".
  23. ^ "Baltic Fleet to set up new division in response to NATO's build-up near Russian borders".
  24. ^ a b c "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 81, 29 March - 9 May 2021".
  25. ^ a b "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 82, 10 May - 23 May 2021".
  26. ^ "Танковый полк Балтфлота привлечён к манёврам в Калининградской области -".
  27. ^ http://aei.pitt.edu/102361/1/Report_Fortress_Kaliningrad_net_0.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  28. ^ "Russia increases number of tanks in Kaliningrad". 28 January 2019.
  29. ^ "Russia adds firepower to Kaliningrad exclave citing NATO threat". Reuters. 7 December 2020.
  30. ^ "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 72, 25 January - 31 January 2021".
  31. ^ "Russian Airborne forces receive Sobolyatnik portable radar | June 2020 News Defense Global Security army industry | Defense Security global news industry army 2020 | Archive News year".
  32. ^ "В тылу сражений: Калининград защитят сверхдальние разведчики". 10 March 2021.
  33. ^ "Baltic Fleet's Tor-M2 missile systems down maneuvering fast-speed targets in drills".
  34. ^ a b c "A look at the Baltic Fleet and the defense of Kaliningrad". 6 April 2020.
  35. ^ "Modernized Artillery for Russian Forces in Kaliningrad". 2 October 2019.
  36. ^ "Russian Forces in Kaliningrad: Implications of the newly formed 18th Guards Motor Rifle Division". 22 March 2021.
  37. ^ "Побережье России прикрыли "ракетные монстры"". 7 January 2018.
  38. ^ "Russian Air Force - Today".
  39. ^ "Russia strengthens its forces on the Baltic Sea". 30 January 2018.
  40. ^ "Missile Defense Becomes Part of Great Power Competition". U.S. Department of Defense.
  41. ^ "Rondeli Russian Military Digest: Issue 99, 13 September - 19 September 2021".
  42. ^ https://tass.com/defense/1348691
  43. ^ https://wsb.edu.pl/files/pages/634/8-3.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  44. ^ Milenin, Andrei (20 September 2016). "Александр Дворников назначен командующим войсками ЮВО" [Aleksandr Dvornikov appointed commander of the Southern Military District]. Isvestia (in Russian). Retrieved 2 October 2016.

59°56′17″N 30°19′02″E / 59.9381°N 30.3172°E / 59.9381; 30.3172

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