Perrier: Difference between revisions
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|title=Perrier Sparkling 75Cl |
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Perrier was first introduced to Britain during 1863.<ref>{{cite web |
Perrier was first introduced to Britain during 1863.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url = https://www.perrier.com/uk/since-1863/history/perrier-says-bonjour-britain |
|url = https://www.perrier.com/uk/since-1863/history/perrier-says-bonjour-britain |
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|publisher = www.perrier.com |
|publisher = www.perrier.com |
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|title = Perrier says, Bonjour Britain |
|title = Perrier says, Bonjour Britain |
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|archive-url = https://archive.today/20210514163713/https://www.perrier.com/uk/since-1863/history/perrier-says-bonjour-britain |
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}}</ref> Local doctor Louis Perrier bought the spring in 1898 and operated a commercial spa there; he also [[bottled water|bottled]] the water for sale. He later sold the spring to [[St John Harmsworth]], a wealthy British visitor. Harmsworth was the younger brother of the newspaper magnates [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Lord Northcliffe]] and [[Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere|Lord Rothermere]]. He had come to France to learn the language. Dr. Perrier showed him the spring, and he decided to buy it. He sold his share of the family newspapers to raise the money. Harmsworth closed the spa, as spas were becoming unfashionable. He renamed the spring ''Source Perrier'' and started bottling the water in distinctive green bottles. The shape was that of the [[Indian club]]s which Harmsworth used for exercise.<ref name="nid">{{cite web |
}}</ref> Local doctor Louis Perrier bought the spring in 1898 and operated a commercial spa there; he also [[bottled water|bottled]] the water for sale. He later sold the spring to [[St John Harmsworth]], a wealthy British visitor. Harmsworth was the younger brother of the newspaper magnates [[Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe|Lord Northcliffe]] and [[Harold Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere|Lord Rothermere]]. He had come to France to learn the language. Dr. Perrier showed him the spring, and he decided to buy it. He sold his share of the family newspapers to raise the money. Harmsworth closed the spa, as spas were becoming unfashionable. He renamed the spring ''Source Perrier'' and started bottling the water in distinctive green bottles. The shape was that of the [[Indian club]]s which Harmsworth used for exercise.<ref name="nid">{{cite web |
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|url = http://www.perrier.com/EN/entrezbulle/rubrique10.asp |
|url = http://www.perrier.com/EN/entrezbulle/rubrique10.asp |
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| publisher = [[cnn.com]] [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |
| publisher = [[cnn.com]] [[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] |
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| access-date = 2006-07-28 |
| access-date = 2006-07-28 |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
| archive-url = https://archive.today/20130119094849/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2004/11/29/8192716/index.htm |
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|archive-date= |
| archive-date = 2013-01-19 |
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| author = Tomlinson, Richard |
| author = Tomlinson, Richard |
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| date = 2004-11-29 |
| date = 2004-11-29 |
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| url-status = live |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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Harmsworth marketed the product in Britain at a time when Frenchness was seen as chic and aspirational to the middle classes. It was advertised as the [[Champagne (wine)|Champagne]] of mineral water. (There are champagne houses by the name of [[Laurent-Perrier]] and [[Perrier-Jouët]], but there is no connection.) Advertising in newspapers like the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' established the brand. For a time, 95% of sales were in Britain and the U.S. |
Harmsworth marketed the product in Britain at a time when Frenchness was seen as chic and aspirational to the middle classes. It was advertised as the [[Champagne (wine)|Champagne]] of mineral water. (There are champagne houses by the name of [[Laurent-Perrier]] and [[Perrier-Jouët]], but there is no connection.) Advertising in newspapers like the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' established the brand. For a time, 95% of sales were in Britain and the U.S. |
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Perrier's reputation for purity suffered a blow in 1990 when a laboratory in [[North Carolina]] in the [[United States]] found [[benzene]], a [[carcinogen]], in several bottles. Perrier stated that it was an isolated incident of a worker having made a mistake in filtering and that the spring itself was unpolluted. The incident ultimately led to the worldwide withdrawal of the product, some 160 million bottles of Perrier.<ref>{{cite news | first=George | last=James | title=Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles | date=1990-02-10 | url |
Perrier's reputation for purity suffered a blow in 1990 when a laboratory in [[North Carolina]] in the [[United States]] found [[benzene]], a [[carcinogen]], in several bottles. Perrier stated that it was an isolated incident of a worker having made a mistake in filtering and that the spring itself was unpolluted. The incident ultimately led to the worldwide withdrawal of the product, some 160 million bottles of Perrier.<ref>{{cite news | first=George | last=James | title=Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles | date=1990-02-10 | url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9C0CE7D61F39F933A25751C0A966958260 | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530162812/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/10/us/perrier-recalls-its-water-in-us-after-benzene-is-found-in-bottles.html | archive-date=2012-05-30 | work=The New York Times | access-date=2007-09-19 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>White, Michael; ''A Short Course in International Marketing Blunders: Mistakes Made by Companies that Should Have Known Better, 3rd Edition''; World Trade Press 2009; chapter 1</ref> |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/7uCU |
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|archive-date=30 May 2012| work =The New York Times | access-date = 2007-09-19 }}</ref><ref>White, Michael; ''A Short Course in International Marketing Blunders: Mistakes Made by Companies that Should Have Known Better, 3rd Edition''; World Trade Press 2009; chapter 1</ref> |
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Two years later in 1992, Perrier was bought by [[Nestlé]], one of the world's leading food and drink companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=237 |title=Perrier and Nestlé Brands | Food and Beverage Industry | Crisis Management in Branding |publisher=brandchannel.com |
Two years later in 1992, Perrier was bought by [[Nestlé]], one of the world's leading food and drink companies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=237 |title=Perrier and Nestlé Brands | Food and Beverage Industry | Crisis Management in Branding |publisher=brandchannel.com |
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|access-date=2012-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606170250/http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=237 |archive-date=2012-06-06 }}</ref> Nestlé had to contend with competition from [[the Agnelli family]] for ownership of the business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/25/business/nestle-wins-a-big-battle-for-perrier.html |
|access-date=2012-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120606170250/http://www.brandchannel.com/features_effect.asp?pf_id=237 |archive-date=2012-06-06 }}</ref> Nestlé had to contend with competition from [[the Agnelli family]] for ownership of the business.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/25/business/nestle-wins-a-big-battle-for-perrier.html|author=Cohen, Roger|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514192106/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/25/business/nestle-wins-a-big-battle-for-perrier.html|archive-date=14 May 2021|title=Nestle Wins A Big Battle For Perrier|date=25 March 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=4 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|author=Cohen, Roger |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/uFkG7 |
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|archive-date=14 May 2021 |
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|title=Nestle Wins A Big Battle For Perrier|date=25 March 1992|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=4 March 2016}}</ref> |
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In 2004, a crisis erupted when Nestlé announced a restructuring plan for Perrier. The following year, Perrier was ordered to halt restructuring due to a failure to consult adequately with staff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2005-03/artikel-1881230.asp |
In 2004, a crisis erupted when Nestlé announced a restructuring plan for Perrier. The following year, Perrier was ordered to halt restructuring due to a failure to consult adequately with staff.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2005-03/artikel-1881230.asp |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120530162935/http://www.finanznachrichten.de/nachrichten-2005-03/1881230-nestle-waters-criticised-by-french-court-as-perrier-restructuring-suspended-020.htm |archive-date=2012-05-30 |title=Perrier Restructuring Halted |publisher=Finanznachrichten.de |date=2005-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-05 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/wPef |
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|archive-date=30 May 2012|title=Perrier Restructuring Halted |publisher=Finanznachrichten.de |date=2005-03-14 |access-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> |
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== Bottling == |
== Bottling == |
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[[File:Perrier can .jpg|267x267px|thumb|250ml can of Perrier]]Perrier is available in 750 mL, 330 mL, and 200 mL glass bottles in [[Europe]], as well as in 330 mL cans. In other markets, the 250 mL can is also available. Perrier bottles all have a distinctive 'teardrop' shape and are a signature green colour. In August 2001, the company introduced a new bottling format using [[polyethylene terephthalate]] to offer Perrier in plastic, a change that was researched for 11 years<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perrier Launches New Transportable Plastic Bottle {{!}} Water & Wastes Digest|url=https://www.wwdmag.com/perrier-launches-new-transportable-plastic-bottle|archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
[[File:Perrier can .jpg|267x267px|thumb|250ml can of Perrier]]Perrier is available in 750 mL, 330 mL, and 200 mL glass bottles in [[Europe]], as well as in 330 mL cans. In other markets, the 250 mL can is also available. Perrier bottles all have a distinctive 'teardrop' shape and are a signature green colour. In August 2001, the company introduced a new bottling format using [[polyethylene terephthalate]] to offer Perrier in plastic, a change that was researched for 11 years<ref>{{Cite web|title=Perrier Launches New Transportable Plastic Bottle {{!}} Water & Wastes Digest|url=https://www.wwdmag.com/perrier-launches-new-transportable-plastic-bottle|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514191322/https://www.wwdmag.com/perrier-launches-new-transportable-plastic-bottle|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2018-01-17|website=www.wwdmag.com ([[Water and Wastes Digest]])|date=8 March 2002|url-status=live}}</ref> to determine which material would best help retain both the water's flavour and its purported "50 million bubbles." |
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In 2013, Perrier celebrated its 150th anniversary by launching a limited edition series of bottles inspired by [[Andy Warhol]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-09-04|title=Perrier goes Pop Art with Andy Warhol|url=http://www.beveragedaily.com/Processing-Packaging/Perrier-goes-Pop-Art-with-Andy-Warhol-bottles|archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
In 2013, Perrier celebrated its 150th anniversary by launching a limited edition series of bottles inspired by [[Andy Warhol]].<ref>{{cite web|date=2013-09-04|title=Perrier goes Pop Art with Andy Warhol|url=http://www.beveragedaily.com/Processing-Packaging/Perrier-goes-Pop-Art-with-Andy-Warhol-bottles|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140921191100/http://www.beveragedaily.com/Processing-Packaging/Perrier-goes-Pop-Art-with-Andy-Warhol-bottles|archive-date=2014-09-21|access-date=2014-09-21|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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In 2019, Perrier released Perrier ARTXTRA limited edition packaging featuring artwork of artist duo Dabsmyla <ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dec. 11|last2=2019|title=Perrier to Release Limited-Edition Packaging in January|url=https://www.cspdailynews.com/beverages/perrier-release-limited-edition-packaging-january|archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
In 2019, Perrier released Perrier ARTXTRA limited edition packaging featuring artwork of artist duo Dabsmyla <ref>{{Cite web|last1=Dec. 11|last2=2019|title=Perrier to Release Limited-Edition Packaging in January|url=https://www.cspdailynews.com/beverages/perrier-release-limited-edition-packaging-january|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514190508/https://www.cspdailynews.com/beverages/perrier-release-limited-edition-packaging-january|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2020-08-22|website=CSP Daily News|language=en|url-status=live}}</ref> to help support the contemporary artist community.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-05|title=Perrier Unveils New Product Designs in Collaboration with Artist Duo DABSMYLA|url=https://www.bevnet.com/news/2019/perrier-unveils-new-product-designs-in-collaboration-with-artist-duo-dabsmyla/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514190229/https://www.bevnet.com/news/2019/perrier-unveils-new-product-designs-in-collaboration-with-artist-duo-dabsmyla/|archive-date=2021-05-14|access-date=2020-08-22|website=BevNET.com|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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== Varieties == |
== Varieties == |
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==Distribution== |
==Distribution== |
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As of January 2013, Perrier was available in 140 countries, and almost 1 billion bottles are sold every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nestle.com/investors/brand-focus/perrier-focus|title=Perrier Brand Focus |
As of January 2013, Perrier was available in 140 countries, and almost 1 billion bottles are sold every year.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nestle.com/investors/brand-focus/perrier-focus|title=Perrier Brand Focus|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150920055758/http://www.nestle.com/investors/brand-focus/perrier-focus|archive-date=20 September 2015|website=Nestle.com|access-date=29 July 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/g8Mph |
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|archive-date=20 September 2015 |
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|website=Nestle.com|access-date=29 July 2016}}</ref> |
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==The Perrier Awards== |
==The Perrier Awards== |
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From 1981 to 2005, the company sponsored an annual comedy award in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Perrier Comedy Award]], also known as "''The Perriers''". It was described as a means of supporting young comedic talent at the [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]], an arts festival touted as "the world's largest". Initially for comedy reviews, by 1987 this included a standup comedian award. The award's sponsorship was taken over by various other advertisers starting in 2006 with commensurate renaming, and it eventually came to be called the [[Edinburgh Comedy Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-06-14|title=Perrier ends Edinburgh comedy tie|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5078940.stm|access-date=2006-12-31}}</ref> |
From 1981 to 2005, the company sponsored an annual comedy award in the [[United Kingdom]], the [[Perrier Comedy Award]], also known as "''The Perriers''". It was described as a means of supporting young comedic talent at the [[Edinburgh Festival Fringe]], an arts festival touted as "the world's largest". Initially for comedy reviews, by 1987 this included a standup comedian award. The award's sponsorship was taken over by various other advertisers starting in 2006 with commensurate renaming, and it eventually came to be called the [[Edinburgh Comedy Awards]].<ref>{{cite news|date=2006-06-14|title=Perrier ends Edinburgh comedy tie|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5078940.stm|access-date=2006-12-31}}</ref> |
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The Perrier Young Jazz Awards were set up by Perrier in 1998,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/critic-s-choice-1-612744|title=Critic's choice |
The Perrier Young Jazz Awards were set up by Perrier in 1998,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |
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|url=https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/critic-s-choice-1-612744 |
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|title=Critic's choice |
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|archive-url=https://archive.today/ |
|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210514185935/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/critics-choice-2463642 |
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|archive-date=2021-05-14 |
|archive-date=2021-05-14 |
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|website=www.scotsman.com |
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|access-date=2019-05-19 |
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|url-status=live |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 12:33, 2 June 2022
You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (September 2012) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
|
Country | France |
---|---|
Produced by | Nestlé Waters |
Introduced | 1898 |
Source | Vergèze, Gard, France |
Type | Sparkling |
pH | 5.5 [1] - 5.46 |
Calcium (Ca) | 150 [1] - 160 |
Chloride (Cl) | 19.5 [1] - 22 |
Bicarbonate (HCO3) | 420 [1] - 430 |
Magnesium (Mg) | 3.9 [1] - 4.2 |
Nitrate (NO3) | 7.3 [1] - 7.8 |
Potassium (K) | < 1 [1] (0.6) |
Sodium (Na) | 9.6 [1] - 9.5 |
Sulfate (SO4) | 25.3 [1] - 33 |
TDS | 456 [1] - 480 |
Website | http://www.perrier.com |
All concentrations in milligrams per liter (mg/L); pH without units |
Perrier (/ˈpɛrieɪ/ PERR-ee-ay, also US: /ˌpɛriˈeɪ/ -AY, French: [pɛʁje]) is a French brand of natural bottled mineral water captured at the source in Vergèze, located in the Gard département. Perrier is known for its carbonation and its distinctive green bottle.
Perrier was part of the Perrier Vittel Group SA, which became Nestlé Waters France after the acquisition of the company by Nestlé in 1992.[2] Nestlé Waters France also includes Vittel, S.Pellegrino and Contrex.
About
The spring from which Perrier water is sourced is naturally carbonated, but the water and natural carbon dioxide gas are captured independently. The water is then purified, and during bottling, the carbon dioxide gas is re-added so that the level of carbonation in bottled Perrier matches that of the Vergèze spring.[3][4]
In 1990, Perrier removed the "naturally sparkling" claim from its bottles under pressure from the FDA.[5]
Since at least 2019, Perrier water is no longer "reinforced with gas from the source" but "with the addition of carbon dioxide". According to the company, this change allows it to considerably reduce its total water consumption and reduce its ecological impact.[6]
History
The spring in Southern France from which Perrier is drawn was originally known as Les Bouillens. It had been used as a spa since Roman times.[7] During 218 BC, Hannibal and his army, having passed through Spain en route to his intended conquest of Rome, decided to rest for a while at les Bouillens, from which the men took water for refreshment.[8]
Perrier was first introduced to Britain during 1863.[9] Local doctor Louis Perrier bought the spring in 1898 and operated a commercial spa there; he also bottled the water for sale. He later sold the spring to St John Harmsworth, a wealthy British visitor. Harmsworth was the younger brother of the newspaper magnates Lord Northcliffe and Lord Rothermere. He had come to France to learn the language. Dr. Perrier showed him the spring, and he decided to buy it. He sold his share of the family newspapers to raise the money. Harmsworth closed the spa, as spas were becoming unfashionable. He renamed the spring Source Perrier and started bottling the water in distinctive green bottles. The shape was that of the Indian clubs which Harmsworth used for exercise.[7][10]
Harmsworth marketed the product in Britain at a time when Frenchness was seen as chic and aspirational to the middle classes. It was advertised as the Champagne of mineral water. (There are champagne houses by the name of Laurent-Perrier and Perrier-Jouët, but there is no connection.) Advertising in newspapers like the Daily Mail established the brand. For a time, 95% of sales were in Britain and the U.S.
Perrier's reputation for purity suffered a blow in 1990 when a laboratory in North Carolina in the United States found benzene, a carcinogen, in several bottles. Perrier stated that it was an isolated incident of a worker having made a mistake in filtering and that the spring itself was unpolluted. The incident ultimately led to the worldwide withdrawal of the product, some 160 million bottles of Perrier.[11][12]
Two years later in 1992, Perrier was bought by Nestlé, one of the world's leading food and drink companies.[13] Nestlé had to contend with competition from the Agnelli family for ownership of the business.[14]
In 2004, a crisis erupted when Nestlé announced a restructuring plan for Perrier. The following year, Perrier was ordered to halt restructuring due to a failure to consult adequately with staff.[15]
Bottling
Perrier is available in 750 mL, 330 mL, and 200 mL glass bottles in Europe, as well as in 330 mL cans. In other markets, the 250 mL can is also available. Perrier bottles all have a distinctive 'teardrop' shape and are a signature green colour. In August 2001, the company introduced a new bottling format using polyethylene terephthalate to offer Perrier in plastic, a change that was researched for 11 years[16] to determine which material would best help retain both the water's flavour and its purported "50 million bubbles."
In 2013, Perrier celebrated its 150th anniversary by launching a limited edition series of bottles inspired by Andy Warhol.[17]
In 2019, Perrier released Perrier ARTXTRA limited edition packaging featuring artwork of artist duo Dabsmyla [18] to help support the contemporary artist community.[19]
Varieties
Perrier comes in several flavours: Natural, Lemon, and Lime have been on the market for many years, and in 2007, Citron Lemon-Lime and Pamplemousse Rose (Pink Grapefruit) flavours debuted in the United States. In 2015, a Green Apple flavour was launched in France as well as the US. In 2016, a Mint flavour (Saveur Menthe) was introduced in France.
Since 2002, new varieties of Perrier have been introduced in France, for example, Eau de Perrier is less carbonated than the original, and comes in a blue bottle. Perrier Fluo comes in flavours such as ginger-cherry, peppermint, orange-lychee, raspberry, and ginger-lemon.
In 2017, Perrier introduced two new flavours, Perrier Strawberry and Perrier Watermelon,[20] to their existing Lime, L’Orange, Pink Grapefruit, and Green Apple flavour.[21]
Distribution
As of January 2013, Perrier was available in 140 countries, and almost 1 billion bottles are sold every year.[22]
The Perrier Awards
From 1981 to 2005, the company sponsored an annual comedy award in the United Kingdom, the Perrier Comedy Award, also known as "The Perriers". It was described as a means of supporting young comedic talent at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, an arts festival touted as "the world's largest". Initially for comedy reviews, by 1987 this included a standup comedian award. The award's sponsorship was taken over by various other advertisers starting in 2006 with commensurate renaming, and it eventually came to be called the Edinburgh Comedy Awards.[23]
The Perrier Young Jazz Awards were set up by Perrier in 1998,[24] though never attained the success and recognition of their longer running comedy equivalent. The awards ran for four years, releasing an album showcasing its winners each year, before being discontinued. The last year the awards ceremony ran was 2001.
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Perrier Sparkling 75Cl". www.tesco.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ "Perrier®".
- ^ Perrier Group of Canada Inc. v. Canada [1995] F.C.J. No.1571
- ^ "Perrier Quality Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
- ^ "Perrier to Remove 'Naturally Sparkling' Claim from its Bottles". Associated Press. April 19, 1990.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Perrier France on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2021-10-07.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ a b "Discover the perrier story". Nestlé Waters. Archived from the original on 2002-03-11. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
- ^ "Perrier. Une histoire unique". www.perrier.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ "Perrier says, Bonjour Britain". www.perrier.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2021-05-14.
- ^ Tomlinson, Richard (2004-11-29). "Troubled waters at perrier". cnn.com Fortune. Archived from the original on 2013-01-19. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
- ^ James, George (1990-02-10). "Perrier Recalls Its Water in U.S. After Benzene Is Found in Bottles". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2007-09-19.
- ^ White, Michael; A Short Course in International Marketing Blunders: Mistakes Made by Companies that Should Have Known Better, 3rd Edition; World Trade Press 2009; chapter 1
- ^ "Perrier and Nestlé Brands | Food and Beverage Industry | Crisis Management in Branding". brandchannel.com. Archived from the original on 2012-06-06. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Cohen, Roger (25 March 1992). "Nestle Wins A Big Battle For Perrier". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
- ^ "Perrier Restructuring Halted". Finanznachrichten.de. 2005-03-14. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2012-06-05.
- ^ "Perrier Launches New Transportable Plastic Bottle | Water & Wastes Digest". www.wwdmag.com (Water and Wastes Digest). 8 March 2002. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
- ^ "Perrier goes Pop Art with Andy Warhol". 2013-09-04. Archived from the original on 2014-09-21. Retrieved 2014-09-21.
- ^ Dec. 11; 2019. "Perrier to Release Limited-Edition Packaging in January". CSP Daily News. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
{{cite web}}
:|last2=
has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Perrier Unveils New Product Designs in Collaboration with Artist Duo DABSMYLA". BevNET.com. 2019-12-05. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
- ^ "Perrier® Celebrates the Launch of New Sparkling Water Flavours, Strawberry and Watermelon, with New Campaign Featuring Artist AKACORLEONE". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2020-08-22.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "CITRUS FRUITS (Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime, Orange)Fruits (Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime, Orange)", Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 804–807, 2008, doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4585-1_1754, ISBN 978-1-4020-4584-4
- ^ "Perrier Brand Focus". Nestle.com. Archived from the original on 20 September 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
- ^ "Perrier ends Edinburgh comedy tie". BBC. 2006-06-14. Retrieved 2006-12-31.
- ^ "Critic's choice". www.scotsman.com. Archived from the original on 2021-05-14. Retrieved 2019-05-19.
Further reading
- Fox, Barry (November 19, 1988), "Secrets of the Source", New Scientist, 120 (1639): 45–48, retrieved July 15, 2010
External links
43°43′43″N 4°14′36″E / 43.7285°N 4.2434°E