Jump to content

IPTN N-250: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
"1997 Asian financial crisis" --> "Asian financial crisis". (The crisis didn't reach Indonesia until 1998.)
→Design and development: Added flight testing achievements.
Line 27: Line 27:
The N-250 development plan was first revealed by PT IPTN (now PT Dirgantara Indonesia, ''Indonesian Aerospace'') at the [[Paris Air Show]] in 1989, but was first introduced in 1986 when the Indonesian Air Show 1986 was held. The N-250 was initially described as a [[propfan]] commuter plane,<ref name="NaII2-13">{{cite newsletter |issn=0537-4693 |work=Indonesia News & Views |title=Breakthrough for aircraft industry |url={{GBurl|rZXgGCba_loC|pg=RA2-PA4}} |department=News in brief |publication-date=July–August 1989 |volume=2 |number=13 |page=2}}</ref> but on 12 July 1990, IPTN selected the [[Allison GMA 2100]] turboprop to power the aircraft.{{R|"LeyesFleming1999"|p=[{{GBurl|V0SnFt8JGokC|pg=589}} 589]}} In mid-1995, IPTN announced that assembly of the N-250 would be done in [[Mobile, Alabama]], after a siting competition that involved 27 other cities in five states within the U.S.<ref name="ATW199508">{{cite magazine |issn=0002-2543 |magazine=[[Air Transport World]] |title=N-250 to be built in Mobile |department=Regional notebook |publication-date=August 1995 |page=73 |volume=32 |number=8}}</ref> The aircraft was officially unveiled at the Indonesian Air Show '96,<ref name="UPI19960622">{{cite news |agency=[[United Press International]] (UPI) |title=Indonesia Air Show '96 opens |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/06/22/Indonesia-Air-Show-96-opens/2596835416000/ |date=22 June 1996}}</ref> and it also performed at the 1997 [[Paris Air Show]]<ref name="PM199709">{{cite magazine |issn=0032-4558 |magazine=[[Popular Mechanics]] |title=The 1997 Paris Air Show |url={{GBurl|K2YEAAAAMBAJ|p=24}} |publication-date=September 1997 |page=24 |department=Tech update |volume=174 |number=9}}</ref> and the 1998 [[Asian Aerospace]] show.<ref name="SeattleTimes19980322">{{cite news |issn=0745-9696 |work=[[Seattle Times]] |title=Dangerous liaison |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19980322&slug=2741104 |date=22 March 1998 |given=Stanley |surname=Holmes}}</ref>
The N-250 development plan was first revealed by PT IPTN (now PT Dirgantara Indonesia, ''Indonesian Aerospace'') at the [[Paris Air Show]] in 1989, but was first introduced in 1986 when the Indonesian Air Show 1986 was held. The N-250 was initially described as a [[propfan]] commuter plane,<ref name="NaII2-13">{{cite newsletter |issn=0537-4693 |work=Indonesia News & Views |title=Breakthrough for aircraft industry |url={{GBurl|rZXgGCba_loC|pg=RA2-PA4}} |department=News in brief |publication-date=July–August 1989 |volume=2 |number=13 |page=2}}</ref> but on 12 July 1990, IPTN selected the [[Allison GMA 2100]] turboprop to power the aircraft.{{R|"LeyesFleming1999"|p=[{{GBurl|V0SnFt8JGokC|pg=589}} 589]}} In mid-1995, IPTN announced that assembly of the N-250 would be done in [[Mobile, Alabama]], after a siting competition that involved 27 other cities in five states within the U.S.<ref name="ATW199508">{{cite magazine |issn=0002-2543 |magazine=[[Air Transport World]] |title=N-250 to be built in Mobile |department=Regional notebook |publication-date=August 1995 |page=73 |volume=32 |number=8}}</ref> The aircraft was officially unveiled at the Indonesian Air Show '96,<ref name="UPI19960622">{{cite news |agency=[[United Press International]] (UPI) |title=Indonesia Air Show '96 opens |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/06/22/Indonesia-Air-Show-96-opens/2596835416000/ |date=22 June 1996}}</ref> and it also performed at the 1997 [[Paris Air Show]]<ref name="PM199709">{{cite magazine |issn=0032-4558 |magazine=[[Popular Mechanics]] |title=The 1997 Paris Air Show |url={{GBurl|K2YEAAAAMBAJ|p=24}} |publication-date=September 1997 |page=24 |department=Tech update |volume=174 |number=9}}</ref> and the 1998 [[Asian Aerospace]] show.<ref name="SeattleTimes19980322">{{cite news |issn=0745-9696 |work=[[Seattle Times]] |title=Dangerous liaison |url=https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19980322&slug=2741104 |date=22 March 1998 |given=Stanley |surname=Holmes}}</ref>


The first prototype, serial number PA-1 with a capacity of 50 passengers, flew on 10 August 1995. The second prototype was a stretched variant with a capacity of 64–68 passengers, and it was designated as the N250-100. The N250-100 was planned to have its first flight in May 1996, but the PA-2 prototype instead had its initial flight eight months behind schedule on 19 December 1996.<ref name="FI19970107">{{cite magazine |issn=0015-3710 |magazine=[[Flight International]] |title=N250 flight |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/n250-flight/689.article |date=7 January 1997 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The third and fourth prototypes were planned to first fly in July 1996 and September 1996 respectively, but construction for both aircraft were halted because of the effects of the [[Asian financial crisis]].
The first prototype, serial number PA-1 with a capacity of 50 passengers, flew on 10 August 1995. It was successfully tested to a cruise speed of {{convert|727.8|kph|mph kn|sp=us}} at {{convert|25,000|ft|order=flip|sp=us}} altitude, and {{cvt|744.5|kph|mph kn}} at {{cvt|17,000|ft|order=flip}} altitude.<ref name="NewsViews199604">{{cite newsletter |issn=0537-4693 |work=News & Views Indonesia |title=Gatotkoco passes tests with flying colors |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uva.x006061222?urlappend=%3Bseq=154%3Bownerid=27021597769858577-200 |publication-date=April 1996 |pages=8–9 |department=Trade & investment |volume=9 |number=83 |hdl=2027/uva.x006061222}}</ref> The second prototype was a stretched variant with a capacity of 64–68 passengers, and it was designated as the N250-100. The N250-100 was planned to have its first flight in May 1996, but the PA-2 prototype instead had its initial flight eight months behind schedule on 19 December 1996.<ref name="FI19970107">{{cite magazine |issn=0015-3710 |magazine=[[Flight International]] |title=N250 flight |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/n250-flight/689.article |date=7 January 1997 |url-access=limited}}</ref> The third and fourth prototypes were planned to first fly in July 1996 and September 1996 respectively, but construction for both aircraft were halted because of the effects of the [[Asian financial crisis]].


===After termination===
===After termination===

Revision as of 06:37, 25 May 2022

"N-250" redirects here. For the Nebraska state highway with this number, see Nebraska Highway 250.

N-250
File:N250 at Bandung Airshow 2012.jpg
The first prototype of the N250 at Husein Sastranegara International Airport at the 2012 Bandung Airshow.
Role Regional airliner
Manufacturer IPTN/Indonesian Aerospace
First flight 10 August 1995
Retired 2000
Status Cancelled
Number built 2
Developed into RAI R-80

The IPTN N-250 was a turboprop regional airliner designed by Indonesian firm IPTN (Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara) (now Indonesian Aerospace). This aircraft was IPTN's first major effort to win the market share of the regional turboprop class of 64–68 seat airliners.[1] The aircraft's development was eventually terminated after the Asian financial crisis of 1998.

As of 21 August 2020, the PA-1 prototype is on displayed at Dirgantara Mandala Museum, Yogyakarta, as its 60th collection.[2]

Design and development

The N-250 development plan was first revealed by PT IPTN (now PT Dirgantara Indonesia, Indonesian Aerospace) at the Paris Air Show in 1989, but was first introduced in 1986 when the Indonesian Air Show 1986 was held. The N-250 was initially described as a propfan commuter plane,[3] but on 12 July 1990, IPTN selected the Allison GMA 2100 turboprop to power the aircraft.[4]: 589  In mid-1995, IPTN announced that assembly of the N-250 would be done in Mobile, Alabama, after a siting competition that involved 27 other cities in five states within the U.S.[5] The aircraft was officially unveiled at the Indonesian Air Show '96,[6] and it also performed at the 1997 Paris Air Show[7] and the 1998 Asian Aerospace show.[8]

The first prototype, serial number PA-1 with a capacity of 50 passengers, flew on 10 August 1995. It was successfully tested to a cruise speed of 727.8 kilometers per hour (452.2 mph; 393.0 kn) at 7,600 meters (25,000 ft) altitude, and 744.5 km/h (462.6 mph; 402.0 kn) at 5,200 m (17,000 ft) altitude.[9] The second prototype was a stretched variant with a capacity of 64–68 passengers, and it was designated as the N250-100. The N250-100 was planned to have its first flight in May 1996, but the PA-2 prototype instead had its initial flight eight months behind schedule on 19 December 1996.[10] The third and fourth prototypes were planned to first fly in July 1996 and September 1996 respectively, but construction for both aircraft were halted because of the effects of the Asian financial crisis.

After termination

There has been some consideration concerning the program's revival by former director of the IPTN and, later, former Indonesian president B. J. Habibie after having received approval from the incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. However, to reduce production costs and improve price competitiveness in international markets, changes were made which have resulted in reduced performance such as a reduction in engine capacity, and the removal of the fly-by-wire system. The planned reborn plane was planned to be named N250R.

In August 2012, both developing parties, Erry Firmansyah of PT Eagle Cap and PT Regio Aviasi Industri (RAI), led by both of Habibie's sons, agreed to finance N-250. It will use a new name, R-80.[11]

On 26 September 2013, Nam Air signed an order for 50 R-80 with an option for 50 more aircraft, to be delivered in 2018.[12]

On 22 February 2018, RAI signed a memorandum of understanding with Leonardo Aerostructures to help fund and complete the development of the R-80. The company hoped to build four hundred R-80 aircraft over 20 years. It completed a preliminary design and feasibility test of the 80-90 seat aircraft in 2016, and hoped to finish detail designing and prototype manufacturing by 2019. RAI planned to build six prototypes, with flight testing from 2020 to 2022, and targeted issuance of a type certificate from the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2025. The price of the R-80 would be USD$25 million.[13]

B. J. Habibie's son, Ilham Akbar Habibie, advocated for production of the aircraft as one of its competitors, the Fokker 50, was no longer produced by Fokker which went bankrupt in 1996. The remaining two competitors for the N-250 were the ATR 72 and Bombardier Dash 8.[14]

Variants

File:N250-100 parked at PTDI ramp.jpg
N250-100 PA-2 prototype displayed at its manufacturer's production facility, 2013
N250
The initial prototype with a capacity of 50 passengers. One produced (PA-1) and named "Gatotkaca"
N250-100
The second prototype is a stretched version, capable of carrying 68 passengers. One produced (PA-2) and named "Krincingwesi". First flight on 19 December 1996.[15]
N270
Further stretched variant, 3 meters longer than N250-100 capable of carrying 72 passengers. Planned to be produced as third prototype (PA-3) and will be named "Putut Guritno" or "Koco Negoro". Completion planned for 18 months after N250-100 first flight and some integral parts like fuselage, center wing and engines already or almost completed, however development stalled after the Asian financial crisis of 1998.[16] Also known as the N250-200.[17]
RegioProp R-80
Re-building program of N-250 by B.J Habibie under PT. Regio Aviasi Industri name. Planned for conducting its first flight between 2019 and 2020. When finished, it will able to carry up to 92 passengers with range up to 800 nm (1.481 km). LoI has been signed by NAM Air for ordering 100 planes consists of 50 firm orders and 50 optional orders, and Kalstar Aviation for 25 planes. Other airlines that have expressed their interest including Wings Air, Citilink, Sky Aviation and Merpati Nusantara[18][19]

Specifications (N250-100)

Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2000–01[1]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2
  • Capacity: 64-68 passengers (PA-2) / 6,200 kg (13,669 lb) payload
N250-50 50 passengers (PA-1) / 6,000 kg (13,228 lb) payload
  • Length: 28.15 m (92 ft 4 in)
N250-50 26.3 m (86 ft)
N250-50 13,665 kg (30,126 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 24,800 kg (54,675 lb)
N250-50 22,000 kg (48,502 lb)
  • Fuel capacity: 4,200 kg (9,259 lb)
  • Powerplant: 2 × Allison AE2100C turboprop engines, 2,439 kW (3,271 hp) each
  • Propellers: 6-bladed Dowty Rotol R384/6123-FX8, 3.81 m (12 ft 6 in) diameter constant=speed fully feathering reversible propellers

Performance

  • Cruise speed: 611 km/h (380 mph, 330 kn) maximum at 6,100 m (20,013 ft) N250-50
  • Economical cruise speed: 556 km/h (345 mph; 300 kn) at 6,100 m (20,013 ft) N250-50
  • Stall speed: 195 km/h (121 mph, 105 kn) EAS flaps up, power off
167 km/h (104 mph; 90 kn) 20° flaps N250-50
  • Range: 1,270 km (790 mi, 690 nmi) N250-50 with maximum payload
800–1,100 km (500–680 mi; 430–590 nmi) N250-50 with 50 pax
  • Service ceiling: 9,140 m (29,990 ft)
N250-50 7,620 m (25,000 ft)
  • Rate of climb: 9.4 m/s (1,850 ft/min) N250-50
  • Max rate of climb on one engine: 2.633 m/s (9 ft/s) N250-50
  • Wing loading: 381.5 kg/m2 (78.1 lb/sq ft)
N250-50 338.5 kg/m2 (69 lb/sq ft)
N250-50 0.2218 kW/kg (0.1349 hp/lb)
  • Balanced field length: 1,220 m (4,003 ft) N250-50, S/L, +20°C

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Jackson, Paul, ed. (2000). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 2000–01 (94th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-0710620118.
  2. ^ Kusuma, W. "Pesawat N-250 Gatotkaca Tiba di Museum Dirgantara Mandala Yogyakarta". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 21 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Breakthrough for aircraft industry". News in brief. Indonesia News & Views. Vol. 2, no. 13. July–August 1989. p. 2. ISSN 0537-4693.
  4. ^ Leyes II, Richard A.; William A. Fleming (1999). The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 1-56347-332-1. OCLC 247550535.
  5. ^ "N-250 to be built in Mobile". Regional notebook. Air Transport World. Vol. 32, no. 8. August 1995. p. 73. ISSN 0002-2543.
  6. ^ "Indonesia Air Show '96 opens". United Press International (UPI). 22 June 1996.
  7. ^ "The 1997 Paris Air Show". Tech update. Popular Mechanics. Vol. 174, no. 9. September 1997. p. 24. ISSN 0032-4558.
  8. ^ Holmes, Stanley (22 March 1998). "Dangerous liaison". Seattle Times. ISSN 0745-9696.
  9. ^ "Gatotkoco passes tests with flying colors". Trade & investment. News & Views Indonesia. Vol. 9, no. 83. April 1996. pp. 8–9. hdl:2027/uva.x006061222. ISSN 0537-4693.
  10. ^ "N250 flight". Flight International. 7 January 1997. ISSN 0015-3710.
  11. ^ "Perjanjian Proyek Pesawat N250 Sudah Ditandatangani" (in Indonesian). 11 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 January 2013.
  12. ^ "NAM Air Pesan 100 Pesawat R80". ekonomi.bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 26 September 2013. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  13. ^ Yuniarni, Sarah (23 February 2018). "Indonesian Manufacturer RAI to Build R80 Prototype With Help From Leonardo, LAER". Jakarta Globe. Jakarta, Indonesia.
  14. ^ "Seberapa Tangguh Pesaing Pesawat N250". viva.co.id (in Indonesian). 14 August 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
  15. ^ "Ini Cerita Pesawat N250 (60) Krincingwesi Terbang Perdana". indoaviation.asia (in Indonesian). 30 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2021.
  16. ^ "Kisah Pak Harto Beri Nama 4 Versi Pesawat N-250 Buatan Bandung" (in Indonesian). Detik.com. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  17. ^ "IPTN calls in Europeans on N250". Flight International. 18 March 1997. ISSN 0015-3710.
  18. ^ "R80 Product Specification". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.
  19. ^ "Kalstar Aviation Tertarik Pesan 25 Pesawat R80". Archived from the original on 13 March 2016.

Further reading

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=IPTN_N-250&oldid=1089709186"