Hinkley, California: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Unincorporated community in California, United States}} |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| name = Hinkley |
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=== Groundwater contamination === |
=== Groundwater contamination === |
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{{Main|Hinkley groundwater contamination}} |
{{Main|Hinkley groundwater contamination}} |
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From 1952, Hinkley has had its [[groundwater pollution|groundwater contaminated]] with hexavalent chromium by a [[compressor station]] for natural gas transmission pipelines. Residents of Hinkley eventually filed a [[class action]] lawsuit against [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company]] (PG&E).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banks |first=Sedina |date=Spring 2003 |title=The "Erin Brockovich Effect": How Media Shapes Toxics Policy |url=https://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/volumes/26/2/banks.pdf |journal=Environs |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages= |
From 1952, Hinkley has had its [[groundwater pollution|groundwater contaminated]] with hexavalent chromium by a [[compressor station]] for natural gas transmission pipelines. Residents of Hinkley eventually filed a [[class action]] lawsuit against [[Pacific Gas and Electric Company]] (PG&E).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Banks |first=Sedina |date=Spring 2003 |title=The "Erin Brockovich Effect": How Media Shapes Toxics Policy |url=https://environs.law.ucdavis.edu/volumes/26/2/banks.pdf |journal=Environs |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=219–251}}</ref> |
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In 1993, [[Erin Brockovich]], a legal clerk to lawyer [[Edward L. Masry]], investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/072911Cr6PHG.html | title=Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water | first=Michael | last=Baes | date=July 29, 2011 | work=Water | publisher=California Environmental Protection Agency | location=[[Oakland, California]] | access-date=April 23, 2012 | quote=The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.}}</ref> The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' was released in 2000. |
In 1993, [[Erin Brockovich]], a legal clerk to lawyer [[Edward L. Masry]], investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/072911Cr6PHG.html | title=Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water | first=Michael | last=Baes | date=July 29, 2011 | work=Water | publisher=California Environmental Protection Agency | location=[[Oakland, California]] | access-date=April 23, 2012 | quote=The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.}}</ref> The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film ''[[Erin Brockovich (film)|Erin Brockovich]]'' was released in 2000. |
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Revision as of 07:30, 9 August 2022
Hinkley | |
|---|---|
  Hinkley Location within the state of California | |
| Coordinates: 34°56′N 117°12′W / 34.933°N 117.200°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | California |
| County | San Bernardino |
| Population (2010) | |
• Total | 1,692 |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (Pacific (PST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP codes | 92347 |
| Area codes | 760/442 |
| FIPS code | 06-33924 |
| GNIS feature ID | 243490 |
Hinkley is an unincorporated community in the Mojave Desert, in San Bernardino County, California, United States, 14 miles (23 km) northwest of Barstow, 59 miles (95 km) east of Mojave, 47 miles (76 km) north of Victorville and about a 120 mile (193 km) drive northeast of Los Angeles. Just north of California State Route 58, the residents have faced concerns over hexavalent chromium in their well water from the world's largest plume of this cancer-causing chemical.[1]
History
Between the 1960s and 1980s, several miles west of Hinkley along State Route 58, the Hawes Radio Tower at the World War II Hawes Auxiliary Airfield, a guyed mast, was used for military communication in the LF-range.
In 2015, Hinkley was one of the filming locations for Sky. Hinkley was also the setting for Erin Brockovich.[2]
Groundwater contamination
From 1952, Hinkley has had its groundwater contaminated with hexavalent chromium by a compressor station for natural gas transmission pipelines. Residents of Hinkley eventually filed a class action lawsuit against Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E).[3]
In 1993, Erin Brockovich, a legal clerk to lawyer Edward L. Masry, investigated the apparent elevated cluster of illnesses in the community linked to hexavalent chromium.[4] The efforts of Brockovich and Masry, and the plight of the people of Hinkley, became widely known when the film Erin Brockovich was released in 2000.
After many arguments, the case was referred to arbitration with maximum damages of $400 million. The case was settled in 1996 for US$333 million, the largest settlement ever paid in a direct-action lawsuit in United States history. In 2006, PG&E agreed to pay $295 million to settle cases involving another 1,100 people statewide for hexavalent chromium-related claims.
Demographics
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1,915 | — | |
| 2010 | 1,692 | −11.6% |
In early 2016, The New York Times described Hinkley as having been slowly turned into a ghost town due to the contamination of the area.[5]
The United States does not define a census-designated place called Hinkley, but it does define a ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA), 92347. Because Hinkley is contained within this ZCTA, it is possible to obtain census data from the 2000 United States Census for the area even though data for "Hinkley" are unavailable. As of the census of 2000,[6] the ZCTA of 92347 had a population of 1,915. Of note is the fact that there were 485 people (26.7 percent of the population) five years in age or older categorized as having a disability, a higher than average figure when compared to the national average of about 19.3 percent.
As of the 2010 census, the ZCTA had a population of 1,692 (a decrease of 11.6% since 2000).[7]
The 2020 census did not report a population for the ZCTA. But it did report 241 households, an employment rate of 18.1%, and the figure for holding a Bachelor's Degree or higher as 3.8%. The household income was reported as $38,140.[8]
The postal ZIP Code is 92347 and the community is inside telephone area codes 760 and 442.
References
- ^ Steinberg, Jim (March 18, 2015). "Hinkley continues to shrink: Desert town set to lose only market, gas station, Post Office".
- ^ "Sky (2015) – Filming Locations". IMDb. Retrieved 22 August 2016.
- ^ Banks, Sedina (Spring 2003). "The "Erin Brockovich Effect": How Media Shapes Toxics Policy" (PDF). Environs. 26 (2): 219–251.
- ^ Baes, Michael (July 29, 2011). "Final Technical Support Document on Public Health Goal for Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water". Water. Oakland, California: California Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
The health-protective level is based on avoidance of potential carcinogenic effects.
- ^ Lovett, Ian (23 January 2016). "Gas Leak in Los Angeles Has Residents Looking Warily Toward Flint". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ "Decennial Census Total Population ZCTA 92347". data.census.gov. United States Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2021-01-16.
- ^ US Census Bureau, 2020 Report, ZCTA5 92347
External links
- Hinkley: A ghost town in the making – The San Bernardino Sun
- www.HinkleyGroundwater.com Hinkley Groundwater Remediation Program – Hinkley Community Advisory Committee Website
- U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder
