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'''Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels''' (27 July 1812 – 13 November 1875), was a German prince and military officer in both the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] army and in the cavalry of the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]. As Commissioner General of the [[Adelsverein]], he spearheaded the establishment of colonies of German immigrants in Texas. Prince Solms named [[New Braunfels, Texas]] in honor of his homeland.
'''Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels''' (27 July 1812 – 13 November 1875) was a German prince and military officer in both the [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] army and the cavalry of the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]. As commissioner general of the [[Adelsverein]], he spearheaded the establishment of colonies of German immigrants in Texas. Prince Solms named [[New Braunfels, Texas]], in honor of his homeland.


==Early years and family life==
==Early years and family life==


Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander of Solms-Braunfels was born in [[Neustrelitz]]. His father was Prince Friedrick Wilhelm of [[Solms-Braunfels]], second husband of [[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], who bore thirteen children during the course of her three marriages.<ref name="title=Solms-Braunfels Royalty 1800-1940"/>
Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander of Solms-Braunfels was born in [[Neustrelitz]]. His father was Prince Friedrick Wilhelm of [[Solms-Braunfels]], second husband of [[Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], who bore 13 children during the course of her three marriages.<ref name="title=Solms-Braunfels Royalty 1800-1940"/>


Although he was the landless, younger son of a younger son of a minor German prince whose realm had been [[German mediatisation|mediatized]] in 1806,<ref>From the maternal side Carl was however of the highest nobility. In 1834, his mother was the [[Duke of Cumberland|Duchess of Cumberland]] and future Queen of [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]], her brother [[George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|George]] was the ruling Grand Duke of the sovereign state of [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], and the incumbent Empress Consort of [[Russia]] ([[Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)|Alexandra Feodorovna]]), a future King of [[Prussia]] ([[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]), and a future [[German Emperor]] ([[William I, German Emperor|William I]]) were Carl's first cousins.</ref> Friedrich's 1834 marriage to Luise Auguste Stephanie Beyrich was considered below his princely station and had to be conducted [[morganatic marriage|morganatically]]. They had three children:
Although he was the landless, younger son of a younger son of a minor German prince, whose realm had been [[German mediatisation|mediatized]] in 1806,<ref>From the maternal side Carl was, however, of the highest nobility. In 1834, his mother was the [[Duke of Cumberland|Duchess of Cumberland]] and future Queen of [[Kingdom of Hanover|Hanover]], her brother [[George, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|George]] was the ruling Grand Duke of the sovereign state of [[Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Mecklenburg-Strelitz]], and the incumbent Empress Consort of [[Russia]] ([[Alexandra Feodorovna (Charlotte of Prussia)|Alexandra Feodorovna]]), a future King of [[Prussia]] ([[Frederick William IV of Prussia|Frederick William IV]]), and a future [[German Emperor]] ([[William I, German Emperor|William I]]) were Carl's first cousins.</ref> Friedrich's 1834 marriage to Luise Auguste Stephanie Beyrich was considered below his princely station and had to be conducted [[morganatic marriage|morganatically]]. They had three children:
* Marie (born 1835, married Wilhelm Bähr)
* Marie (born 1835, married Wilhelm Bähr)
* Karl Louis (1837-1918, married Wilhelmine Gantenhammer)
* Karl Louis (1837-1918, married Wilhelmine Gantenhammer)
* Melanie (born 1840, married Karl Heil)
* Melanie (born 1840, married Karl Heil)


In 1837 his mother became [[queen consort]] of Hanover. Shortly before her death in 1841 his step-father, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|King Ernest Augustus]], a member of the British royal family, succeeded in pressuring Friedrich to make a monetary arrangement with his wife and three children for a ''de facto'' royal annulment. Luise and her children were ennobled in the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]] under the name ''von Schönau'' on 25 March 1841. The family was further ennobled in 1912 with the surname ''von Schönau de Solms''.<ref>''Genealogisches Handbuch des in Bayern immatrikulierten Adels'' p. 743 Band XXII, Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 1998</ref>
In 1837, his mother became [[queen consort]] of Hanover. Shortly before her death in 1841, his stepfather, [[Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover|King Ernest Augustus]], a member of the British royal family, succeeded in pressuring Friedrich to make a monetary arrangement with his wife and three children for a ''de facto'' royal annulment. Luise and her children were ennobled in the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]] under the name ''von Schönau'' on 25 March 1841. The family was further ennobled in 1912 with the surname ''von Schönau de Solms''.<ref>''Genealogisches Handbuch des in Bayern immatrikulierten Adels'' p. 743 Band XXII, Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 1998</ref>


Prince Carl married Maria Josephine Sophie,<ref name="title=Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Royalty 1802-1956"/> widow of Prince Franz of [[Salm-Salm]] and a princess of [[Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]] by birth, on 3 December 1845. The union produced five children:<ref name="title=Solms-Braunfels Royalty 1800-1940"/>
Prince Carl married Maria Josephine Sophie,<ref name="title=Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Royalty 1802-1956"/> widow of Prince Franz of [[Salm-Salm]] and a princess of [[Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg]] by birth, on 3 December 1845. The union produced five children:<ref name="title=Solms-Braunfels Royalty 1800-1940"/>
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* Princess Marie (1852–1882)
* Princess Marie (1852–1882)
* Princess Sophie (1853–1869)
* Princess Sophie (1853–1869)
* Prince Alexander (1855–1926).
* Prince Alexander (1855–1926)


Carl was well-educated, well-connected, and handsome. An adventure seeker, he became Captain in the cavalry in the Imperial Army of [[Austria]] in 1841.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Imperial Army of Austria | publisher=International Napoleonic Wargaming Club | url=http://www.battleground-club.de/imperial-army-of-austria/Austrian_infantry_a.htm | accessdate=8 May 2010}} International Napoleonic Wargaming Club</ref>
Carl was well-educated, well-connected, and handsome. An adventure seeker, he became a captain in the cavalry in the Imperial Army of Austria in 1841.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Imperial Army of Austria | publisher=International Napoleonic Wargaming Club | url=http://www.battleground-club.de/imperial-army-of-austria/Austrian_infantry_a.htm | accessdate=8 May 2010}} International Napoleonic Wargaming Club</ref>


==Texas==
==Texas==


It was during his service with the cavalry that Carl read books about Texas and became interested in joining the [[Adelsverein]]. Appointed its Commissioner General in 1844,<ref>{{Cite web | title=A Guide to the Solms-Braunfels Archives, 1842–1957 | publisher=Texas Archival Research Online | url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00025/cah-00025.html | accessdate=8 May 2010}} Briscoe Center, UT Austin</ref> he was the motivating force for the first colony of German emigrants to Texas. He arrived on Texas soil in July 1844, making an exploratory tour as advisor to the Adelsverein, which owned the rights to the [[Fisher–Miller Land Grant]].<ref name="Fisher-Miller Land Grant">{{Handbook of Texas | name=Fisher-Miller Land Grant | id=mnf01|author=Biesele, Rudolph L | retrieved=8 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> Subsequently Carl purchased an additional {{convert|1300|acre|km2}} on the [[Guadalupe River (Texas)|Guadalupe River]] on behalf of the Adelsverein, where he established the colony of [[New Braunfels, Texas]].<ref name="Voyage to North America, 1844-45: Prince Carl of Solms' Texas Diary of People, Places, and Events"/> His vision cleared the path for [[John O. Meusebach]] to follow in 1845 as the organizer, negotiator and political force needed for community-building structure in the "New Germany".<ref name="Adelsverein"/>
During his service with the cavalry, Carl read books about Texas and became interested in joining the Adelsverein. Appointed its commissioner general in 1844,<ref>{{Cite web | title=A Guide to the Solms-Braunfels Archives, 1842–1957 | publisher=Texas Archival Research Online | url=http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00025/cah-00025.html | accessdate=8 May 2010}} Briscoe Center, UT Austin</ref> he was the motivating force for the first colony of German emigrants to Texas. He arrived on Texas soil in July 1844, making an exploratory tour as advisor to the Adelsverein, which owned the rights to the [[Fisher–Miller Land Grant]].<ref name="Fisher-Miller Land Grant">{{Handbook of Texas | name=Fisher-Miller Land Grant | id=mnf01|author=Biesele, Rudolph L | retrieved=8 May 2010}} Texas State Historical Association</ref> Subsequently, Carl purchased an additional {{convert|1300|acre|km2}} on the [[Guadalupe River (Texas)|Guadalupe River]] on behalf of the Adelsverein, where he established the colony of [[New Braunfels, Texas]].<ref name="Voyage to North America, 1844-45: Prince Carl of Solms' Texas Diary of People, Places, and Events"/> His vision cleared the path for [[John O. Meusebach]] to follow in 1845 as the organizer, negotiator, and political force needed for community-building structure in the "New Germany".<ref name="Adelsverein"/>


In anticipation of his marriage to Maria Josephine Sophie, Prince Solms formed plans to build "Sophie's Castle", laying the cornerstone in New Braunfels in 1845.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Sophienburg, New Braunfels, Texas | publisher=Sophienburg Museum & Archives |url=http://www.sophienburg.com/ | accessdate=14 May 2011}} Sophienburg Museum & Archives</ref> Sophie refused to leave Germany, and Carl never returned to Texas after his 3 December 1845 marriage to her.
In anticipation of his marriage to Maria Josephine Sophie, Prince Solms formed plans to build "Sophie's Castle", laying the cornerstone in New Braunfels in 1845.<ref>{{Cite web | title=Sophienburg, New Braunfels, Texas | publisher=Sophienburg Museum & Archives |url=http://www.sophienburg.com/ | accessdate=14 May 2011}} Sophienburg Museum & Archives</ref> Sophie refused to leave Germany, and Carl never returned to Texas after his 3 December 1845 marriage to her.
Line 59: Line 59:
==Return to Germany and later years==
==Return to Germany and later years==


After returning to Germany, he left the Austrian army and became a colonel in the cavalry of the [[Grand Duchy of Hesse]]<ref name="Prince Karl of Solms-Braunfels"/> in 1846.<ref>The Grand Duke [[Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis II]] happened to be Carl's second cousin once removed, since Carl's grandmother [[Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt|Friederike Caroline Luise]] had been a Hessian princess.</ref> He was able to rejoin the Austrian army in 1850, becoming a brigadier in 1859 with command of dragoons on [[Lake Constance]]. He took part in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Austro-Prussian War | publisher= Wars of the World | url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/sierra/sevenweeks1866.htm | accessdate=8 May 2010}} OnWar.com</ref> He retired as a ''Feldmarschallleutnant'' (Lieutenant General) in 1868 to his residence at the estate of Rheingrafenstein near Kreuznach on the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe River]]. Prince Solms died on 13 November 1875 and is interred in the city cemetery of [[Bad Kreuznach]].
After returning to Germany, he left the Austrian army and became a colonel in the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse<ref name="Prince Karl of Solms-Braunfels"/> in 1846.<ref>The Grand Duke [[Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse|Louis II]] happened to be Carl's second cousin once removed, since Carl's grandmother [[Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt|Friederike Caroline Luise]] had been a Hessian princess.</ref> He was able to rejoin the Austrian army in 1850, becoming a brigadier in 1859 with command of dragoons on [[Lake Constance]]. He took part in the 1866 [[Austro-Prussian War]].<ref>{{Cite web | title=Austro-Prussian War | publisher= Wars of the World | url=http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/sierra/sevenweeks1866.htm | accessdate=8 May 2010}} OnWar.com</ref> He retired as a ''Feldmarschallleutnant'' (lieutenant general) in 1868 to his residence at the estate of Rheingrafenstein near Kreuznach on the [[Nahe (Rhine)|Nahe River]]. Prince Solms died on 13 November 1875 and is interred in the city cemetery of [[Bad Kreuznach]].


==Timeline==
==Timeline==
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! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#d0f0c0;"| Timeline of the Life of Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels
! colspan="3" align="center" style="background:#d0f0c0;"| Timeline of the life of Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels
|-valign="top"
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| style="background:#FFFDD0;" |'''Year'''
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Revision as of 03:22, 18 February 2023

Prince Carl
Born(1812-07-27)27 July 1812
Neustrelitz, Confederation of the Rhine
Died13 November 1875(1875-11-13) (aged 63)
Rheingrafenstein, German Empire
Spouse
Luise Auguste Stephanie Beyrich
​
​
(m. 1834; div. 1841)​
Princess Sophie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg
​
​
(m. 1845; died 1875)​
Issue
  • Marie von Schönau de Solms
  • Karl Louis von Schönau de Solms
  • Melanie von Schönau de Solms
  • Prince Ludwig
  • Princess Eulalia
  • Princess Marie
  • Princess Sophie
  • Prince Alexander
Names
Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander
FatherPrince Frederick William of Solms-Braunfels
MotherFrederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
ReligionLutheranism

Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels (27 July 1812 – 13 November 1875) was a German prince and military officer in both the Austrian army and the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As commissioner general of the Adelsverein, he spearheaded the establishment of colonies of German immigrants in Texas. Prince Solms named New Braunfels, Texas, in honor of his homeland.

Early years and family life

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander of Solms-Braunfels was born in Neustrelitz. His father was Prince Friedrick Wilhelm of Solms-Braunfels, second husband of Princess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, who bore 13 children during the course of her three marriages.[1]

Although he was the landless, younger son of a younger son of a minor German prince, whose realm had been mediatized in 1806,[2] Friedrich's 1834 marriage to Luise Auguste Stephanie Beyrich was considered below his princely station and had to be conducted morganatically. They had three children:

  • Marie (born 1835, married Wilhelm Bähr)
  • Karl Louis (1837-1918, married Wilhelmine Gantenhammer)
  • Melanie (born 1840, married Karl Heil)

In 1837, his mother became queen consort of Hanover. Shortly before her death in 1841, his stepfather, King Ernest Augustus, a member of the British royal family, succeeded in pressuring Friedrich to make a monetary arrangement with his wife and three children for a de facto royal annulment. Luise and her children were ennobled in the Grand Duchy of Hesse under the name von Schönau on 25 March 1841. The family was further ennobled in 1912 with the surname von Schönau de Solms.[3]

Prince Carl married Maria Josephine Sophie,[4] widow of Prince Franz of Salm-Salm and a princess of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg by birth, on 3 December 1845. The union produced five children:[1]

  • Prince Ludwig (1847–1900)
  • Princess Eulalia (1851–1922), married Edouard, son of Eugène, 8th Prince of Ligne
  • Princess Marie (1852–1882)
  • Princess Sophie (1853–1869)
  • Prince Alexander (1855–1926)

Carl was well-educated, well-connected, and handsome. An adventure seeker, he became a captain in the cavalry in the Imperial Army of Austria in 1841.[5]

Texas

During his service with the cavalry, Carl read books about Texas and became interested in joining the Adelsverein. Appointed its commissioner general in 1844,[6] he was the motivating force for the first colony of German emigrants to Texas. He arrived on Texas soil in July 1844, making an exploratory tour as advisor to the Adelsverein, which owned the rights to the Fisher–Miller Land Grant.[7] Subsequently, Carl purchased an additional 1,300 acres (5.3 km2) on the Guadalupe River on behalf of the Adelsverein, where he established the colony of New Braunfels, Texas.[8] His vision cleared the path for John O. Meusebach to follow in 1845 as the organizer, negotiator, and political force needed for community-building structure in the "New Germany".[9]

In anticipation of his marriage to Maria Josephine Sophie, Prince Solms formed plans to build "Sophie's Castle", laying the cornerstone in New Braunfels in 1845.[10] Sophie refused to leave Germany, and Carl never returned to Texas after his 3 December 1845 marriage to her.

Return to Germany and later years

After returning to Germany, he left the Austrian army and became a colonel in the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse[11] in 1846.[12] He was able to rejoin the Austrian army in 1850, becoming a brigadier in 1859 with command of dragoons on Lake Constance. He took part in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War.[13] He retired as a Feldmarschallleutnant (lieutenant general) in 1868 to his residence at the estate of Rheingrafenstein near Kreuznach on the Nahe River. Prince Solms died on 13 November 1875 and is interred in the city cemetery of Bad Kreuznach.

Timeline

Timeline of the life of Prince Carl (Karl) of Solms-Braunfels
Year Event
1812
  • 27 July – Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Ludwig Georg Alfred Alexander[11] is born in Neustrelitz
1834
  • Marries Louise Auguste Stephanie Beyrich, later von Schönau,[citation needed] mother to three of his children
1841
  • Separates from Louise to save his career
1842
1844
  • Commissioner General of the first colony that the society proposed to establish in Texas
  • 1 July – Arrives in Galveston, purchases land on Matagorda Bay to be called Carlshafen, or Indianola
1845
  • Secures title to 1,265 acres (5.12 km2) of the Veramendi grant, including the Comal Springs and River, for the Adelsverein[15]
  • 21 March – Founds New Braunfels[8]
  • 15 May – Returns to Germany
  • 3 December – Marries the widow Maria Josephine Sophie,[4] widow of Prince Franz of Salm-Salm and princess of Lowenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, mother to five of Carl's children
1846
  • Leaves the Austrian army – becomes a Colonel in the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
1850
  • Rejoins the Austrian army
1859
  • Becomes a brigadier with command of dragoons on Lake Constance
1866
  • Takes part in Austria war against Prussia.
1868
  • Retires as a Feldmarschallleutnant (Lieutenant General) to Rheingrafenstein near Kreuznach on the Nahe River
1875
  • 13 November – dies[1] Is interred in the city cemetery of Bad Kreuznach

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b c "Solms-Braunfels Royalty 1800–1940". RoyaltyGuide=Netherlands. Archived from the original on 2 June 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  2. ^ From the maternal side Carl was, however, of the highest nobility. In 1834, his mother was the Duchess of Cumberland and future Queen of Hanover, her brother George was the ruling Grand Duke of the sovereign state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and the incumbent Empress Consort of Russia (Alexandra Feodorovna), a future King of Prussia (Frederick William IV), and a future German Emperor (William I) were Carl's first cousins.
  3. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des in Bayern immatrikulierten Adels p. 743 Band XXII, Verlag Degener & Co, Neustadt an der Aisch 1998
  4. ^ a b "Solms-Braunfels Princes 1800–1940". RoyaltyGuide=Netherlands. Archived from the original on 30 May 2010. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
  5. ^ "Imperial Army of Austria". International Napoleonic Wargaming Club. Retrieved 8 May 2010. International Napoleonic Wargaming Club
  6. ^ "A Guide to the Solms-Braunfels Archives, 1842–1957". Texas Archival Research Online. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Briscoe Center, UT Austin
  7. ^ Biesele, Rudolph L: Fisher-Miller Land Grant from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
  8. ^ a b Carl of Solms, Prince (2000). Voyage to North America, 1844–45: Prince Carl of Solms' Texas Diary of People, Places, and Events. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-57441-124-9.
  9. ^ a b Brister, Louis E.: Adelsverein from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association
  10. ^ "Sophienburg, New Braunfels, Texas". Sophienburg Museum & Archives. Retrieved 14 May 2011. Sophienburg Museum & Archives
  11. ^ a b Lich, Glen E and Moltmann, Gunter: Prince Karl of Solms-Braunfels from the Handbook of Texas Online. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Texas State Historical Association.
  12. ^ The Grand Duke Louis II happened to be Carl's second cousin once removed, since Carl's grandmother Friederike Caroline Luise had been a Hessian princess.
  13. ^ "Austro-Prussian War". Wars of the World. Retrieved 8 May 2010. OnWar.com
  14. ^ Geue, Ethel H (2009). New Homes in a New Land German Immigration to Texas, 1847–1861. Clearfield. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-8063-0980-4.
  15. ^ Block, W T. "The Story of Our Texas German Pilgrims". Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC. Retrieved 8 May 2010. Texas Escapes – Blueprints For Travel, LLC.
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