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== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
* {{Cite book|last=Hartmann|first=Markus|title=Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics|year=2017|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-054243-1|editor-last=Klein|editor-first=Jared|volume=3|chapter=Siculian|editor-last2=Joseph|editor-first2=Brian|editor-last3=Fritz|editor-first3=Matthias|url= https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110542431-026}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hartmann |first=Markus |title=Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics |year=2017 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-11-054243-1 |editor-last=Klein |editor-first=Jared |volume=3 |chapter=Siculian |editor-last2=Joseph |editor-first2=Brian |editor-last3=Fritz |editor-first3=Matthias |doi=10.1515/9783110542431-026}}
*{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Leonard Robert |title=The Latin Language |year=1988 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |isbn=978-0-8061-2136-9|author-link=Leonard Robert Palmer}}
*{{Cite book |last=Palmer |first=Leonard Robert |title=The Latin Language |year=1988 |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman, Oklahoma |isbn=978-0-8061-2136-9 |author-link=Leonard Robert Palmer}}
*{{Cite book |last=Tribulato |first=Olga |title=Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-139-85193-0}}
*{{Cite book |last=Tribulato |first=Olga |title=Language and Linguistic Contact in Ancient Sicily |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, England |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-139-85193-0}}


==Further reading==
==Further reading==

Revision as of 15:06, 22 October 2022

Siculian
Sicel
RegionSicily
Eraattested late 6th century to 4th century BCE[1][2]
Indo-European
Language codes
ISO 639-3scx
scx
Glottologsicu1234

Siculian (or Sicel) is an extinct Indo-European language spoken in central and eastern Sicily by the Sicels. It is attested in less than thirty inscriptions from the late 6th century to 4th century BCE, and in around twenty-five glosses from ancient writers.[1]

Classification

Historical sources state that Siculians entered Sicily either around the 13th century or the middle of the 11th century BCE (or in two waves), driving the prior inhabitants, the Sicanians and Elymians, to the west of the island.[1]

The prevalent modern view is that Siculian was an Italic language, although the scarcity of sources and the difficulties in interpreting inscriptions and glosses make it impossible to come to a definitive conclusion.[3][4][1]

Attestations

They used the Greek alphabet, along with a native one based upon Western Greek scripts, probably the Euboic-Chalkidic version.[1]

ΝΕΝΔΑΣ Π̣Υ̣[----]Σ ΤΕΒΕΓ ΠΡΑΑΡΕΙ ΕΝ ΒΟ[.]ΡΕΝΑΙ ϜΙΔΕ ΠΑΓΟΣΤΙΚΕ ΑΙΤΕ[--]ΛΥΒΕ
nendas ˌ puṛẹṇọṣ ˌ tebeg ˌ praarei ˌ en ˌ bo?renai ˌ vide ˌ pagostike ˌ aite?ṇ?ụbe.

— Stele from Sciri Sottano (c. 600 BCE)[5][6]

tamuraabesakedqoiaves ˌ eurumakes ˌ agepipokedḷutimbe levopomanatesemaidarnakei- buṛeitaṃomịaetiurela

— Amphora from Montagna di Marzo (late 6th–early 5th century BCE)[6]

iamˌakaramˌe?p??asˌkaag?esˌgẹpẹḍ2te?toˌveregai- es? ˌ eka ˌ doara[ịẹạḍ]

— Block of sandstone from Mendolito (late 6th century BCE)[6]

nunus ˌ teṇti ˌ mím ˌ arustainam ˌ íemitom ˌ esti ˌ durom ˌ nanepos ˌ durom ˌ íemitom ˌ esti ˌ velíom ˌ ned ˌ emponitantom ˌ eredes ˌ vịino ˌ brtome

— Guttus from Centorbi (early 5th century BCE)[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Hartmann 2017, p. 1854.
  2. ^ Siculian at MultiTree on the Linguist List
  3. ^ Palmer 1988, pp. 43–45.
  4. ^ Tribulato 2012, p. 167.
  5. ^ "Inscribed Stele inscribed in the Sikel language". Voci di Pietra. Castello Ursino Civic Museum.
  6. ^ a b c d Hartmann 2017, p. 1855.

Bibliography

Further reading