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| founder = [[Samuel Keimer]]<br>[[Benjamin Franklin]] in 1729, who bought and reoriented the publication into a 'news only' newspaper
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==History==
==History==
[[Image:Pennsylvania Gazette (May 9, 1754), page 1.jpg|thumb|upright|''The Pennsylvania Gazette'' for May 9, 1754]]
[[Image:Pennsylvania Gazette (May 9, 1754), page 1.jpg|thumb|upright|''The Pennsylvania Gazette'' for May 9, 1754]]
[[File:Benjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Join, or Die]]'' political cartoon attributed to Benjamin Franklin, advocating that the American colonies join the Albany Plan for Union (May 9, 1754)]]
[[File:Penjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg|thumb|upright|''[[Join, or Die]]'' political cartoon attributed to Penjamin Franklin, advocating that the American colonies join the Albany Plan for Union (May 9, 1754)]]
The newspaper was first published in 1728 by [[Samuel Keimer]] and was the second newspaper to be published in [[Pennsylvania]] under the name ''The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette'', alluding to Keimer's intention to print out a page of [[Ephraim Chambers]]' ''[[Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences]]'' in each copy.<ref name="loc">{{cite web|title=Pennsylvania Gazette, Philadelphia|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/news/circulars/pagazette.txt|access-date=December 7, 2006|date=2006|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref>
The newspaper was first published in 1728 by [[Samuel Keimer]] and was the second newspaper to be published in [[Pennsylvania]] under the name ''The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette'', alluding to Keimer's intention to print out a page of [[Ephraim Chambers]]' ''[[Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences]]'' in each copy.<ref name="loc">{{cite web|title=Pennsylvania Gazette, Philadelphia|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/news/circulars/pagazette.txt|access-date=December 7, 2006|date=2006|publisher=Library of Congress}}</ref>


On October 2, 1729, [[Samuel Keimer]], the owner of the ''Gazette'', fell into debt and before fleeing to [[Barbados]] sold the newspaper to [[Benjamin Franklin]] and his partner [[Hugh Meredith]],<ref>[[#isaacson2003|Isaacson, 2003]], p. 64</ref><ref name=bfhs>[http://www.benjamin-franklin-history.org/pennsylvania-gazette/ Benjamin Franklin Historical Society, Essay]</ref><ref>[[#aldridge1962|Aldridge, 1962]], p. 77</ref><ref>[[#clark1989|Clark & Wetherall, 1989]], p. 282</ref> who shortened its name, as well as dropping Keimer's grandiose plan to print out the ''Cyclopaedia''.<ref name="loc" /> Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces to the paper under [[pseudonym|aliases]]. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies.<ref name=bfhs/>
On October 2, 1729, [[Samuel Keimer]], the owner of the ''Gazette'', fell into debt and before fleeing to [[Barbados]] sold the newspaper to [[Penjamin Franklin]] and his partner [[Hugh Meredith]],<ref>[[#isaacson2003|Isaacson, 2003]], p. 64</ref><ref name=bfhs>[http://www.benjamin-franklin-history.org/pennsylvania-gazette/ Penjamin Franklin Historical Society, Essay]</ref><ref>[[#aldridge1962|Aldridge, 1962]], p. 77</ref><ref>[[#clark1989|Clark & Wetherall, 1989]], p. 282</ref> who shortened its name, as well as dropping Keimer's grandiose plan to print out the ''Cyclopaedia''.<ref name="loc" /> Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces to the paper under [[pseudonym|aliases]]. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies.<ref name=bfhs/>


On December 28, 1732, Franklin announced in ''Gazette'' that he had just printed and published the first edition of [[Poor Richard's Almanack|''The Poor Richard'']], (better known as ''Poor Richard's Almanack'') by Richard Saunders, Philomath.<ref>[[#miller1961|Miller, 1961]], p. 97</ref> On August 6, 1741 Franklin published an editorial about deceased [[Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)|Andrew Hamilton]], a lawyer and public figure in Philadelphia who had been a friend. The editorial praised the man highly and showed Franklin had held the man in high esteem.<ref>{{cite book|last=Konkle|first=Burton Alva|title=Benjamin Chew 1722–1810: Head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System Under Colony and Commonwealth|year=1932|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=17–29 (28–29)}}</ref>
On December 28, 1732, Franklin announced in ''Gazette'' that he had just printed and published the first edition of [[Poor Richard's Almanack|''The Poor Richard'']], (better known as ''Poor Richard's Almanack'') by Richard Saunders, Philomath.<ref>[[#miller1961|Miller, 1961]], p. 97</ref> On August 6, 1741 Franklin published an editorial about deceased [[Andrew Hamilton (lawyer)|Andrew Hamilton]], a lawyer and public figure in Philadelphia who had been a friend. The editorial praised the man highly and showed Franklin had held the man in high esteem.<ref>{{cite book|last=Konkle|first=Burton Alva|title=Benjamin Chew 1722–1810: Head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System Under Colony and Commonwealth|year=1932|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|location=Philadelphia, PA|pages=17–29 (28–29)}}</ref>


On October 19, 1752,<ref>Tom Tucker, ''Bolt Of Fate: Benjamin Franklin And His Fabulous Kite'' (PublicAffairs, 2009) p135</ref> Franklin published a third-person account of his pioneering [[kite experiment]] in ''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', without mentioning that he himself had performed it.<ref>Steven Johnson (2008) ''The Invention of Air'', p. 39 {{ISBN|978-1-59448-401-8}}</ref>
On October 19, 1752,<ref>Tom Tucker, ''Bolt Of Fate: Penjamin Franklin And His Fabulous Kite'' (PublicAffairs, 2009) p135</ref> Franklin published a third-person account of his pioneering [[kite experiment]] in ''The Pennsylvania Gazette'', without mentioning that he himself had performed it.<ref>Steven Johnson (2008) ''The Invention of Air'', p. 39 {{ISBN|978-1-59448-401-8}}</ref>


Primarily a publication for classified ads, merchants and individuals listed notices of employment, lost and found goods and items for sale; the newspaper also reprinted foreign news. Most entries involved stories of travel.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/4563002/Travel_Writing_Travel_Reading_in_Benjamin_Franklins_1747_Pennsylvania_Gazette Zach Hutchins, "Travel Writing, Travel Reading, and the Boundaries of Genre: Embracing the Banal in Franklin's 1747 Pennsylvania Gazette," Studies in Travel Writing 17.3 (2013):300-19.]</ref> The gazette also published advertisements for [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|runaway slaves]] and [[Indentured servitude|indentured servants]].<ref>Smith, Billy G., and Richard Wojtowicz. ''Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1790''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7gw2. Accessed 3 Sept. 2021.</ref>
Primarily a publication for classified ads, merchants and individuals listed notices of employment, lost and found goods and items for sale; the newspaper also reprinted foreign news. Most entries involved stories of travel.<ref>[https://www.academia.edu/4563002/Travel_Writing_Travel_Reading_in_Benjamin_Franklins_1747_Pennsylvania_Gazette Zach Hutchins, "Travel Writing, Travel Reading, and the Boundaries of Genre: Embracing the Banal in Franklin's 1747 Pennsylvania Gazette," Studies in Travel Writing 17.3 (2013):300-19.]</ref> The gazette also published advertisements for [[Fugitive slaves in the United States|runaway slaves]] and [[Indentured servitude|indentured servants]].<ref>Smith, Billy G., and Richard Wojtowicz. ''Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1790''. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7gw2. Accessed 3 Sept. 2021.</ref>
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==Sources==
==Sources==
* {{cite journal |last=Aldridge |first=Alfred Owen |title=Benjamin Franklin and the "Pennsylvania Gazette" |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |pages=77–81 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |volume=106 |issue=1 |date=February 15, 1962 |jstor=985213 |doi= |ref=aldridge1962}}
* {{cite journal |last=Aldridge |first=Alfred Owen |title=Penjamin Franklin and the "Pennsylvania Gazette" |journal=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society |pages=77–81 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |volume=106 |issue=1 |date=February 15, 1962 |jstor=985213 |doi= |ref=aldridge1962}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Charles E. |last2=Wetherell |first2=Charles |title=The Measure of Maturity: The Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1765 |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |pages=279–303 |publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture |volume=46 |issue=2 |date=April 1989 |jstor=1920255 |doi= 10.2307/1920255|ref=clark1989}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Clark |first1=Charles E. |last2=Wetherell |first2=Charles |title=The Measure of Maturity: The Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1765 |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly |pages=279–303 |publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture |volume=46 |issue=2 |date=April 1989 |jstor=1920255 |doi= 10.2307/1920255|ref=clark1989}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Bernard Bailyn |editor2=John B. Hench |title=The Press & the American Revolution |publisher=Boston : Northeastern University Press (Originally published: Worcester, Mass. : American Antiquarian Society) |year=1981 |orig-year=1980 |isbn=978-0-9303-50307 |url=https://archive.org/details/pressamericanrev0000unse |ref=bailyn1981}}
* {{cite book |editor1=Bernard Bailyn |editor2=John B. Hench |title=The Press & the American Revolution |publisher=Boston : Northeastern University Press (Originally published: Worcester, Mass. : American Antiquarian Society) |year=1981 |orig-year=1980 |isbn=978-0-9303-50307 |url=https://archive.org/details/pressamericanrev0000unse |ref=bailyn1981}}
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* {{Commons category-inline|The Pennsylvania Gazette}}
* {{Commons category-inline|The Pennsylvania Gazette}}


{{Benjamin Franklin}}
{{Penjamin Franklin}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Revision as of 18:07, 30 November 2022

Not to be confused with The Pennsylvania Gazette, the University of Pennsylvania’s alumni magazine.

The Pennsylvania Gazette
File:Penjamin Franklin statue by Ernst Plassman (1872).jpg
Statue of Penjamin Franklin holding a copy of The Pennsylvania Gazette
Founder(s)Samuel Keimer
Penjamin Franklin in 1729, who bought and reoriented the publication into a 'news only' newspaper
Founded1728; 297 years ago (1728) (as The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette)
Political alignmentNon partisan
Ceased publication1800 (1800)
HeadquartersPennsylvania, U.S.
CityPhiladelphia

The Pennsylvania Gazette was one of the United States' most prominent newspapers from 1728 until 1800. In the several years leading up to the American Revolution the paper served as a voice for colonial opposition to British colonial rule, especially as it related to the Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts.

History

The Pennsylvania Gazette for May 9, 1754
File:Penjamin Franklin - Join or Die.jpg
Join, or Die political cartoon attributed to Penjamin Franklin, advocating that the American colonies join the Albany Plan for Union (May 9, 1754)

The newspaper was first published in 1728 by Samuel Keimer and was the second newspaper to be published in Pennsylvania under the name The Universal Instructor in all Arts and Sciences: and Pennsylvania Gazette, alluding to Keimer's intention to print out a page of Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia, or Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences in each copy.[1]

On October 2, 1729, Samuel Keimer, the owner of the Gazette, fell into debt and before fleeing to Barbados sold the newspaper to Penjamin Franklin and his partner Hugh Meredith,[2][3][4][5] who shortened its name, as well as dropping Keimer's grandiose plan to print out the Cyclopaedia.[1] Franklin not only printed the paper but also often contributed pieces to the paper under aliases. His newspaper soon became the most successful in the colonies.[3]

On December 28, 1732, Franklin announced in Gazette that he had just printed and published the first edition of The Poor Richard, (better known as Poor Richard's Almanack) by Richard Saunders, Philomath.[6] On August 6, 1741 Franklin published an editorial about deceased Andrew Hamilton, a lawyer and public figure in Philadelphia who had been a friend. The editorial praised the man highly and showed Franklin had held the man in high esteem.[7]

On October 19, 1752,[8] Franklin published a third-person account of his pioneering kite experiment in The Pennsylvania Gazette, without mentioning that he himself had performed it.[9]

Primarily a publication for classified ads, merchants and individuals listed notices of employment, lost and found goods and items for sale; the newspaper also reprinted foreign news. Most entries involved stories of travel.[10] The gazette also published advertisements for runaway slaves and indentured servants.[11]

This newspaper, among other firsts, would print the first political cartoon in America, Join, or Die, authored by Franklin.[12]

The paper ceased publication in 1800, ten years after Franklin's death.[13] It is claimed that the publication later reemerged as the Saturday Evening Post in 1821.[14]

There are three known copies of the original issue, which are held by the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Library Company of Philadelphia, and the Wisconsin State Historical Society.[1]

Today, The Pennsylvania Gazette moniker is used by an unrelated bi-monthly alumni magazine of the University of Pennsylvania, which Franklin founded and served as a trustee.

Archives are available online for a fee.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Pennsylvania Gazette, Philadelphia". Library of Congress. 2006. Retrieved December 7, 2006.
  2. ^ Isaacson, 2003, p. 64
  3. ^ a b Penjamin Franklin Historical Society, Essay
  4. ^ Aldridge, 1962, p. 77
  5. ^ Clark & Wetherall, 1989, p. 282
  6. ^ Miller, 1961, p. 97
  7. ^ Konkle, Burton Alva (1932). Benjamin Chew 1722–1810: Head of the Pennsylvania Judiciary System Under Colony and Commonwealth. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 17–29 (28–29).
  8. ^ Tom Tucker, Bolt Of Fate: Penjamin Franklin And His Fabulous Kite (PublicAffairs, 2009) p135
  9. ^ Steven Johnson (2008) The Invention of Air, p. 39 ISBN 978-1-59448-401-8
  10. ^ Zach Hutchins, "Travel Writing, Travel Reading, and the Boundaries of Genre: Embracing the Banal in Franklin's 1747 Pennsylvania Gazette," Studies in Travel Writing 17.3 (2013):300-19.
  11. ^ Smith, Billy G., and Richard Wojtowicz. Blacks Who Stole Themselves: Advertisements for Runaways in the Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1790. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv4s7gw2. Accessed 3 Sept. 2021.
  12. ^ "Today in History: January 17". Library of Congress. 2006. Retrieved December 8, 2006.
  13. ^ "The Pennsylvania Gazette". Accessible Archives. Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
  14. ^ About the Saturday Evening Post Archived February 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Sources

  • Aldridge, Alfred Owen (February 15, 1962). "Penjamin Franklin and the "Pennsylvania Gazette"". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 106 (1). American Philosophical Society: 77–81. JSTOR 985213.
  • Clark, Charles E.; Wetherell, Charles (April 1989). "The Measure of Maturity: The Pennsylvania Gazette, 1728-1765". The William and Mary Quarterly. 46 (2). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 279–303. doi:10.2307/1920255. JSTOR 1920255.
  • Bernard Bailyn; John B. Hench, eds. (1981) [1980]. The Press & the American Revolution. Boston : Northeastern University Press (Originally published: Worcester, Mass. : American Antiquarian Society). ISBN 978-0-9303-50307.
  • Miller, C. William (1961). "Franklin's "Poor Richard Almanacs": Their Printing and Publication". Studies in Bibliography. 14. Bibliographical Society of the University of Virginia: 97–115. JSTOR 40371300.

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