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During his tenure at the Gulf regional office in [[Louisiana]] for the MMS, Oynes played a central role in an offshore leasing foul-up<ref name="Mulligan">{{cite web |publisher=Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security, James M. Jeffords Center, University of Vermont |location=Burlington, VT |url=http://www.uvm.edu/ieds/sites/default/files/MMS_casestudy.pdf |title=Case Study: Minerals Management Service |author=Mulligan, James S. |date=September 2011 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="NGI">{{cite web |work=Natural Gas Intelligence |date=31 July 2006 |author=Natural Gas Intelligence |url=https://www.naturalgasintel.com/mms-official-missing-lease-price-thresholds-a-serious-mistake/ |title=MMS Official: Missing Lease Price Thresholds a 'Serious Mistake' |access-date=22 July 2020 |publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence |location=Sterling, VA}}</ref><ref name="Ivanovich">{{cite web |last=Ivanovich |first=David |title=Government oil lease blunder hidden 6 years: Investigator says mistake cost taxpayers billions of dollars |work=Houston Chronicle |publisher=Houston Chronicle |location=Houston, TX |date= 14 September 2006 |url=https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Government-oil-lease-blunder-hidden-6-years-1496483.php |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Heersink">{{cite journal |last=Heersink |first=Emily |journal=Public Contract Law Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |year=2008 |page=319 |title=Royalty Robbery: How Statutory Supremacy and the "Christian" Doctrine Require Oil Companies to Pay Royalties on Leases Missing the Deep Water Royalty Relief Price Threshold Clause |publisher=American Bar Association |location=Chicago, IL|jstor=25755455 }}</ref> that cost taxpayers an estimated $10 billion in lost revenue.<ref name="NGI"/> The [[United States Department of the Interior|Interior Department]]'s inspector general called the matter "a jaw-dropping example of bureaucratic bungling."<ref name="Dickinson">{{cite magazine |last=Dickinson |first=Tim |magazine=Rolling Stone |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=8 June 2010 |title=The Spill, The Scandal and the President |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-spill-the-scandal-and-the-president-193093/ |access-date=22 July 2020 |location=New York, NY}}</ref><ref name="DeParle">{{cite web |title=Minerals Service Had a Mandate to Produce Results |last=DeParle |first=Jason |date=7 August 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/us/08mms.html |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Newhouse"">{{cite web |work=Sun Journal |publisher=Sun Journal |date=19 January 2007 |title=U.S. official faults 'bureaucratic bungling' for oil-royalty losses |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2007/01/19/us-official-faults-bureaucratic-bungling-oil-royalty-losses/# |author=Newhouse News Service |location=Lewiston, ME}}</ref><ref name="Strickler">{{cite web |last=Strickler |first=Laura |date=18 January 2007 |access-date=22 July 2020 |title=More on oil lease royalties: It's the cover up, not the $10 billion dollar mistake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-on-oil-lease-royalties/ |location=New York, NY |work=CBS News}}</ref><ref name="Grist">{{cite web |last=Rieland |first=Randy |title=10 ways MMS makes FEMA look good |date=19 May 2010 |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://grist.org/article/2010-05-18-10-ways-mms-makes-fema-look-good/ |publisher=Grist |location=Seattle, WA |work=Grist}}</ref> Despite that, the agency's then-director, Johnnie Burton, promoted Oynes in 2007 to associate director for the offshore program.<ref name="MMS press release">{{cite web |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/PDFDocs/20070205.pdf |title=Chris Oynes Named Associate Director of the MMS Offshore Program |date= 5 February 2007 |access-date=22 July 2020 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service |location=Washington, DC |author=U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528061135/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/PDFDocs/20070205.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-28 }}</ref><ref name="DeParle"/><ref>[http://www.nola.com/opinions/index.ssf/2010/05/federal_oversight_of_oil_indus.html Federal oversight of oil industry is broken: An editorial (The Times-Picayune, May 16, 2010)]</ref><ref name="Offshore Mag"/><ref name="St. Clair and Frank">{{cite book |title=The Big Heat: Earth on the Brink |publisher=AK Press |location=Edinburgh |last1=St. Clair |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Frank |first2=Joshua |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5VUDwAAQBAJ&q=%22a+jaw-dropping+example+of+bureaucratic+bungling.%22+oynes&pg=PT71 |year=2018 |isbn=9781849353373 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dickinson"/><ref name="Cousins">{{cite web |last=Cousins |first=Farron |title=What Was Missing From the Oil Spill Commission's Report |work=DeSmog |publisher=DeSmog |date=14 January 2011 |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://www.desmogblog.com/what-was-missing-oil-spill-commissions-report |location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref name="Mulligan"/>
During his tenure at the Gulf regional office in [[Louisiana]] for the MMS, Oynes played a central role in an offshore leasing foul-up<ref name="Mulligan">{{cite web |publisher=Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security, James M. Jeffords Center, University of Vermont |location=Burlington, VT |url=http://www.uvm.edu/ieds/sites/default/files/MMS_casestudy.pdf |title=Case Study: Minerals Management Service |author=Mulligan, James S. |date=September 2011 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="NGI">{{cite web |work=Natural Gas Intelligence |date=31 July 2006 |author=Natural Gas Intelligence |url=https://www.naturalgasintel.com/mms-official-missing-lease-price-thresholds-a-serious-mistake/ |title=MMS Official: Missing Lease Price Thresholds a 'Serious Mistake' |access-date=22 July 2020 |publisher=Natural Gas Intelligence |location=Sterling, VA}}</ref><ref name="Ivanovich">{{cite web |last=Ivanovich |first=David |title=Government oil lease blunder hidden 6 years: Investigator says mistake cost taxpayers billions of dollars |work=Houston Chronicle |publisher=Houston Chronicle |location=Houston, TX |date= 14 September 2006 |url=https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/Government-oil-lease-blunder-hidden-6-years-1496483.php |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Heersink">{{cite journal |last=Heersink |first=Emily |journal=Public Contract Law Journal |volume=37 |issue=2 |year=2008 |page=319 |title=Royalty Robbery: How Statutory Supremacy and the "Christian" Doctrine Require Oil Companies to Pay Royalties on Leases Missing the Deep Water Royalty Relief Price Threshold Clause |publisher=American Bar Association |location=Chicago, IL|jstor=25755455 }}</ref> that cost taxpayers an estimated $10 billion in lost revenue.<ref name="NGI"/> The [[United States Department of the Interior|Interior Department]]'s inspector general called the matter "a jaw-dropping example of bureaucratic bungling."<ref name="Dickinson">{{cite magazine |last=Dickinson |first=Tim |magazine=Rolling Stone |publisher=Rolling Stone |date=8 June 2010 |title=The Spill, The Scandal and the President |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-spill-the-scandal-and-the-president-193093/ |access-date=22 July 2020 |location=New York, NY}}</ref><ref name="DeParle">{{cite web |title=Minerals Service Had a Mandate to Produce Results |last=DeParle |first=Jason |date=7 August 2010 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/08/us/08mms.html |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Newhouse"">{{cite web |work=Sun Journal |publisher=Sun Journal |date=19 January 2007 |title=U.S. official faults 'bureaucratic bungling' for oil-royalty losses |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2007/01/19/us-official-faults-bureaucratic-bungling-oil-royalty-losses/# |author=Newhouse News Service |location=Lewiston, ME}}</ref><ref name="Strickler">{{cite web |last=Strickler |first=Laura |date=18 January 2007 |access-date=22 July 2020 |title=More on oil lease royalties: It's the cover up, not the $10 billion dollar mistake |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/more-on-oil-lease-royalties/ |location=New York, NY |work=CBS News}}</ref><ref name="Grist">{{cite web |last=Rieland |first=Randy |title=10 ways MMS makes FEMA look good |date=19 May 2010 |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://grist.org/article/2010-05-18-10-ways-mms-makes-fema-look-good/ |publisher=Grist |location=Seattle, WA |work=Grist}}</ref> Despite that, the agency's then-director, Johnnie Burton, promoted Oynes in 2007 to associate director for the offshore program.<ref name="MMS press release">{{cite web |url=http://www.mrm.mms.gov/PDFDocs/20070205.pdf |title=Chris Oynes Named Associate Director of the MMS Offshore Program |date= 5 February 2007 |access-date=22 July 2020 |publisher=U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service |location=Washington, DC |author=U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528061135/http://www.mrm.mms.gov/PDFDocs/20070205.pdf |archive-date=2010-05-28 }}</ref><ref name="DeParle"/><ref>[http://www.nola.com/opinions/index.ssf/2010/05/federal_oversight_of_oil_indus.html Federal oversight of oil industry is broken: An editorial (The Times-Picayune, May 16, 2010)]</ref><ref name="Offshore Mag"/><ref name="St. Clair and Frank">{{cite book |title=The Big Heat: Earth on the Brink |publisher=AK Press |location=Edinburgh |last1=St. Clair |first1=Jeffrey |last2=Frank |first2=Joshua |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C5VUDwAAQBAJ&q=%22a+jaw-dropping+example+of+bureaucratic+bungling.%22+oynes&pg=PT71 |year=2018 |isbn=9781849353373 |access-date=22 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Dickinson"/><ref name="Cousins">{{cite web |last=Cousins |first=Farron |title=What Was Missing From the Oil Spill Commission's Report |work=DeSmog |publisher=DeSmog |date=14 January 2011 |access-date=22 July 2020 |url=https://www.desmogblog.com/what-was-missing-oil-spill-commissions-report |location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref name="Mulligan"/>


On May 24, 2010 ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that under his watch in the Gulf, MMS regulators allowed industry officials to fill in their own inspection reports in pencil and then turned them over to the regulators, who traced over them in pen before submitting the reports to the agency. MMS staff also routinely accepted meals, tickets to sporting events and gifts from oil companies.<ref name="Urbina">{{cite web |last=Urbina |first=Ian |title=Inspector General's Inquiry Faults Regulators |date=24 May 2010 |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/us/25mms.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> In 2008, a report from the Interior Department's Inpector-General found that MMS employees had received improper gifts from energy industry representatives.<ref name="CNN Wire Staff"/><ref name="Urbina"/>
On May 24, 2010 ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that under his watch in the Gulf, MMS regulators allowed industry officials to fill in their own inspection reports in pencil and then turned them over to the regulators, who traced over them in pen before submitting the reports to the agency. MMS staff also routinely accepted meals, tickets to sporting events and gifts from oil companies.<ref name="Urbina">{{cite web |last=Urbina |first=Ian |title=Inspector General's Inquiry Faults Regulators |date=24 May 2010 |work=The New York Times |location=New York, NY |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/25/us/25mms.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> In 2008, a report from the Interior Department's Inpector-General found that MMS employees had received improper gifts from energy industry representatives.<ref name="CNN Wire Staff"/><ref name="Urbina"/><ref name="Morgan Smith">{{cite web |author=Smith, Morgan |title=Accidents Happen Sometimes |work=The Texas Tribune |publisher=The Texas Tribune |date=May 28, 2010 |access-date=November 17, 2022 |url=https://www.texastribune.org/2010/05/28/federal-oil-regulators-under-fire/}}</ref>


Lee Tilton, the former Chief, Office of Congressional Affairs (OCA), for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,<ref name=BOEM> {{cite web |author=BOEM |publisher=BOEM |year=2017 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804025416/https://www.boem.gov/Lee-Tilton/ |title=Lee Tilton |access-date=November 16, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Crane-Hirsch">{{cite book |author=Crane-Hirsch, Audrey Celeste |title=Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Congressional Research Service |page=16 |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/98-446.pdf |access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref> was a former protégé of Chris Oynes.
Lee Tilton, the former Chief, Office of Congressional Affairs (OCA), for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,<ref name=BOEM> {{cite web |author=BOEM |publisher=BOEM |year=2017 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804025416/https://www.boem.gov/Lee-Tilton/ |title=Lee Tilton |access-date=November 16, 2022}}</ref><ref name="Crane-Hirsch">{{cite book |author=Crane-Hirsch, Audrey Celeste |title=Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies |location=Washington, DC |publisher=Congressional Research Service |page=16 |url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/98-446.pdf |access-date=November 17, 2022}}</ref> was a former protégé of Chris Oynes.


In the wake of the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|''Deepwater Horizon'' oil spill]], Oynes announced that he would retire at the end of May 2010.<ref name="Burka">{{cite web |title=Oil and Water |last=Burka |first=Paul |work=Texas Monthly |date=July 2010 |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/oil-and-water/ |publisher=Texas Monthly |location=Austin, TX |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan and Daly">{{cite web |title=MMS drilling official retires in oil spill fallout |last1=Sullivan |first1=Eilleen |last2=Daly |first2=Matthew |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |location=San Diego, CA |date=17 May 2010 |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-mms-drilling-official-retires-in-oil-spill-fallout-2010may17-story.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Huffington">{{cite web |title=Chris Oynes, MMS Official, To Step Down In Wake Of Gulf Oil Spill |author=Anonymous |work=Huffington Post |date=17 May 2010 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/17/chris-oynes-mms-official_n_579009.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |author=Anonymous |work=BBC |publisher=BBC |title=Coast Guard Warn of Oil Spill Reaching Florida Coast |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8687291.stm |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Center for Effective Government">{{cite web |title=Minerals Management Service Acted More like Agent than Regulator |publisher=Center for Effective Government |author=Center for Effective Government |date=18 May 2010 |access-date=22 July 2020 |location=Washington, DC |url=https://www.foreffectivegov.org/node/11000}}</ref> According to the Minerals Management website, Oynes had "...more than 30 years of Federal Government experience..."<ref name="Archived MMS"/><ref name="Huffington"/><ref name="Eilperin"/><ref name="CNN Wire Staff"/><ref name="MMS press release"/><ref name="nola.com obituary"/>
In the wake of the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|''Deepwater Horizon'' oil spill]], Oynes announced that he would retire at the end of May 2010.<ref name="Burka">{{cite web |title=Oil and Water |last=Burka |first=Paul |work=Texas Monthly |date=July 2010 |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/politics/oil-and-water/ |publisher=Texas Monthly |location=Austin, TX |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sullivan and Daly">{{cite web |title=MMS drilling official retires in oil spill fallout |last1=Sullivan |first1=Eilleen |last2=Daly |first2=Matthew |work=The San Diego Union-Tribune |location=San Diego, CA |date=17 May 2010 |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-mms-drilling-official-retires-in-oil-spill-fallout-2010may17-story.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Huffington">{{cite web |title=Chris Oynes, MMS Official, To Step Down In Wake Of Gulf Oil Spill |author=Anonymous |work=Huffington Post |date=17 May 2010 |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/17/chris-oynes-mms-official_n_579009.html |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="BBC">{{cite web |author=Anonymous |work=BBC |publisher=BBC |title=Coast Guard Warn of Oil Spill Reaching Florida Coast |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8687291.stm |date=17 May 2010 |access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref><ref name="Center for Effective Government">{{cite web |title=Minerals Management Service Acted More like Agent than Regulator |publisher=Center for Effective Government |author=Center for Effective Government |date=18 May 2010 |access-date=22 July 2020 |location=Washington, DC |url=https://www.foreffectivegov.org/node/11000}}</ref> According to the Minerals Management website, Oynes had "...more than 30 years of Federal Government experience..."<ref name="Archived MMS"/><ref name="Huffington"/><ref name="Eilperin"/><ref name="CNN Wire Staff"/><ref name="MMS press release"/><ref name="nola.com obituary"/><ref name="CNN WIRE">{{cite web |title=Oil inspectors took company gifts, watchdog group finds |date=May 25, 2010 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/25/oil.spill.interior/index.html |access-date=November 17, 2022 author=CNN Wire Staff |publisher=CNN}}</ref><ref name="Morgan Smith"/>


Oynes died on 18 October 2017 in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]].<ref name="obituary"/><ref name="nola.com obituary"/>
Oynes died on 18 October 2017 in [[Baton Rouge, Louisiana]].<ref name="obituary"/><ref name="nola.com obituary"/>

Revision as of 21:39, 17 November 2022

Chris Craig Oynes (28 April 1947 – 18 October 2017) was an American lawyer and Federal government administrator.[1][2]

Oynes was born in Anaheim, California to Christian and Lorraine Oynes.[1][2] Oynes received a BA degree in political science from California State University at Fullerton, and he received a JD degree from George Washington University.[1][2][3][4][5][6]

Oynes served as U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS) associate director for offshore energy and minerals management before he retired in May 2010. Oynes, who oversaw oil and gas leasing in the Gulf of Mexico for 12 years[7] before being promoted to MMS associate director had come under fire for being too close to the industry officials he regulated.[8][4]

During his tenure at the Gulf regional office in Louisiana for the MMS, Oynes played a central role in an offshore leasing foul-up[9][10][11][12] that cost taxpayers an estimated $10 billion in lost revenue.[10] The Interior Department's inspector general called the matter "a jaw-dropping example of bureaucratic bungling."[13][14][15][16][17] Despite that, the agency's then-director, Johnnie Burton, promoted Oynes in 2007 to associate director for the offshore program.[18][14][19][4][20][13][21][9]

On May 24, 2010 The New York Times reported that under his watch in the Gulf, MMS regulators allowed industry officials to fill in their own inspection reports in pencil and then turned them over to the regulators, who traced over them in pen before submitting the reports to the agency. MMS staff also routinely accepted meals, tickets to sporting events and gifts from oil companies.[22] In 2008, a report from the Interior Department's Inpector-General found that MMS employees had received improper gifts from energy industry representatives.[5][22][23]

Lee Tilton, the former Chief, Office of Congressional Affairs (OCA), for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,[24][25] was a former protégé of Chris Oynes.

In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Oynes announced that he would retire at the end of May 2010.[26][27][28][29][30] According to the Minerals Management website, Oynes had "...more than 30 years of Federal Government experience..."[3][28][8][5][18][2][31][23]

Oynes died on 18 October 2017 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Anonymous (19 October 2017). "Chris Craig Oynes (1947-2017)". The Advocate. Baton Rouge, LA: The Advocate. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e Anonymous (19 October 2017). "Chris Craig Oynes, 1947-2017". The Times Picayune. New Orleans, LA: The Times Picayune. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  3. ^ a b Anonymous (2010). "Chris Oynes, Associate Director, Offshore Energy and Minerals Management". Minerals Management Service. Minerals Management Service. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Anonymous (5 February 2007). "Chris Oynes Named Associate Director of MMS Offshore Program". Offshore Magazine. Tulsa, OK: PennWell Corp. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  5. ^ a b c CNN Wire Staff (17 May 2010). "Federal Official Overseeing Offshore Oil Development to Retire Early". CNN. CNN. Retrieved 19 June 2018. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  6. ^ Anonymous (October 2000). "Eastern GOM: Boom or Bust? Joint Industry Association Luncheon" (PDF). The APInion. New Orleans, LA: American Petroleum Institute, Delta Chapter. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  7. ^ Anonymous (2010). "Dr. Chris Oynes". GulfBase. GulfBase. Archived from the original on 18 December 2010. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  8. ^ a b Eilperin, Juliet (18 May 2010). "Independent Probe of BP Oil Spill in Works". Washington Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  9. ^ a b Mulligan, James S. (September 2011). "Case Study: Minerals Management Service" (PDF). Burlington, VT: Institute for Environmental Diplomacy and Security, James M. Jeffords Center, University of Vermont. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  10. ^ a b Natural Gas Intelligence (31 July 2006). "MMS Official: Missing Lease Price Thresholds a 'Serious Mistake'". Natural Gas Intelligence. Sterling, VA: Natural Gas Intelligence. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  11. ^ Ivanovich, David (14 September 2006). "Government oil lease blunder hidden 6 years: Investigator says mistake cost taxpayers billions of dollars". Houston Chronicle. Houston, TX: Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  12. ^ Heersink, Emily (2008). "Royalty Robbery: How Statutory Supremacy and the "Christian" Doctrine Require Oil Companies to Pay Royalties on Leases Missing the Deep Water Royalty Relief Price Threshold Clause". Public Contract Law Journal. 37 (2). Chicago, IL: American Bar Association: 319. JSTOR 25755455.
  13. ^ a b Dickinson, Tim (8 June 2010). "The Spill, The Scandal and the President". Rolling Stone. New York, NY: Rolling Stone. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  14. ^ a b DeParle, Jason (7 August 2010). "Minerals Service Had a Mandate to Produce Results". The New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  15. ^ Newhouse News Service (19 January 2007). "U.S. official faults 'bureaucratic bungling' for oil-royalty losses". Sun Journal. Lewiston, ME: Sun Journal. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  16. ^ Strickler, Laura (18 January 2007). "More on oil lease royalties: It's the cover up, not the $10 billion dollar mistake". CBS News. New York, NY. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  17. ^ Rieland, Randy (19 May 2010). "10 ways MMS makes FEMA look good". Grist. Seattle, WA: Grist. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  18. ^ a b U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service (5 February 2007). "Chris Oynes Named Associate Director of the MMS Offshore Program" (PDF). Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-28. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  19. ^ Federal oversight of oil industry is broken: An editorial (The Times-Picayune, May 16, 2010)
  20. ^ St. Clair, Jeffrey; Frank, Joshua (2018). The Big Heat: Earth on the Brink. Edinburgh: AK Press. ISBN 9781849353373. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  21. ^ Cousins, Farron (14 January 2011). "What Was Missing From the Oil Spill Commission's Report". DeSmog. Washington, DC: DeSmog. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  22. ^ a b Urbina, Ian (24 May 2010). "Inspector General's Inquiry Faults Regulators". The New York Times. New York, NY. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  23. ^ a b Smith, Morgan (May 28, 2010). "Accidents Happen Sometimes". The Texas Tribune. The Texas Tribune. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  24. ^ BOEM (2017). "Lee Tilton". BOEM. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  25. ^ Crane-Hirsch, Audrey Celeste. Congressional Liaison Offices of Selected Federal Agencies (PDF). Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. p. 16. Retrieved November 17, 2022.
  26. ^ Burka, Paul (July 2010). "Oil and Water". Texas Monthly. Austin, TX: Texas Monthly. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  27. ^ Sullivan, Eilleen; Daly, Matthew (17 May 2010). "MMS drilling official retires in oil spill fallout". The San Diego Union-Tribune. San Diego, CA. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  28. ^ a b Anonymous (17 May 2010). "Chris Oynes, MMS Official, To Step Down In Wake Of Gulf Oil Spill". Huffington Post. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  29. ^ Anonymous (17 May 2010). "Coast Guard Warn of Oil Spill Reaching Florida Coast". BBC. BBC. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
  30. ^ Center for Effective Government (18 May 2010). "Minerals Management Service Acted More like Agent than Regulator". Washington, DC: Center for Effective Government. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  31. ^ "Oil inspectors took company gifts, watchdog group finds". CNN. May 25, 2010. Retrieved November 17, 2022 author=CNN Wire Staff. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help); Missing pipe in: |access-date= (help)
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