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Removed incorrect statement that leaf mining is a known feeding mode for this genus; added information about xylem mining habit and host plants
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'''''Phytobia'''''<ref>Lioy, P (1864) ''I ditteri distribuite secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale. Atti dell'I. R. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 3'' 9(2): 1311-1352.</ref> is a genus of [[Diptera|flies]] on the family [[Agromyzidae]],<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "dyn"/> with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.
'''''Phytobia'''''<ref>Lioy, P (1864) ''I ditteri distribuite secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale. Atti dell'I. R. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 3'' 9(2): 1311-1352.</ref> is a genus of [[Diptera|flies]] in the family [[Agromyzidae]],<ref name = "COL"/><ref name = "dyn"/> with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.


== Description ==
== Description ==
As with many [[Agromyzidae]], species of ''Phytobia'' are typically [[leaf miner]]s on various plants, although other plant parts may be attacked. For example, ''[[Phytobia betulae|P. betulae]]'' lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable [[Betula|birch]] trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating [[xylem]] layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small-medium-sized flies (approximately 5&nbsp;mm in the case of ''P. betulae'').<ref name=Lieutier>{{cite book|author1=Lieutier, François |author2=Day, Keith R. |author3=Battisti, Andrea |author4=Grégoire, Jean-Claude |author5=Evans, Hugh F. |title=Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpgMBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA534 |year=2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-2241-8 |pages=534–537}}</ref>
All known larvae of ''Phytobia'' feed on the young [[xylem]] within stems of woody plants, creating concealed galleries that may reach considerable lengths (reportedly up to 17 m in [[Phytobia betulae|''P. betulae'']])<ref name="Lieutier" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Sousa |first=Viviane Rodrigues de |last2=Couri |first2=Márcia Souto |date=2017-12-18 |title=Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species |url=https://zoologia.pensoft.net/article/12308/ |journal=Zoologia |language=en |volume=34 |pages=1–25 |doi=10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308 |issn=1984-4689}}</ref>. ''[[Phytobia betulae|P. betulae]]'' lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable [[Betula|birch]] trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating [[xylem]] layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small- to medium-sized flies (approximately 5&nbsp;mm in the case of ''P. betulae'')<ref name=Lieutier>{{cite book|author1=Lieutier, François |author2=Day, Keith R. |author3=Battisti, Andrea |author4=Grégoire, Jean-Claude |author5=Evans, Hugh F. |title=Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XpgMBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA534 |year=2007 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-2241-8 |pages=534–537}}</ref>. Confirmed host plant families for ''Phytobia'' species include [[Betulaceae]], [[Rosaceae]], [[Salicaceae]], [[Sapindaceae]], and [[Cupressaceae]] in North America, Europe, and Australia, with [[Asteraceae]] also hypothesized to be a host family based on the finding of possible larval sign on the shrub [[Wedelia]] calycina in [[Guadeloupe]]<ref name=":0" />. Larval tunnels mar the appearance of certain woods used commercially, and thus may be of economic importance<ref name=":0" />.


== Species ==
== Species ==

Revision as of 05:29, 6 July 2023

Phytobia
Phytobia lateralis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Section: Schizophora
Subsection: Acalyptratae
Superfamily: Opomyzoidea
Family: Agromyzidae
Subfamily: Phytomyzinae
Genus: Phytobia
Lioy, 1864

Phytobia[1] is a genus of flies in the family Agromyzidae,[2][3] with a worldwide distribution principally in Europe and the Americas.

Description

All known larvae of Phytobia feed on the young xylem within stems of woody plants, creating concealed galleries that may reach considerable lengths (reportedly up to 17 m in P. betulae)[4][5]. P. betulae lays its eggs on the bark of new-growth twigs of suitable birch trees and, after hatching, larvae tunnel downwards along the shoot within the differentiating xylem layer, sometimes reaching the base of the tree. Adults are small- to medium-sized flies (approximately 5 mm in the case of P. betulae)[4]. Confirmed host plant families for Phytobia species include Betulaceae, Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Sapindaceae, and Cupressaceae in North America, Europe, and Australia, with Asteraceae also hypothesized to be a host family based on the finding of possible larval sign on the shrub Wedelia calycina in Guadeloupe[5]. Larval tunnels mar the appearance of certain woods used commercially, and thus may be of economic importance[5].

Species

The Catalogue of Life lists:[2][3]

  1. Phytobia allecta
  2. Phytobia alocomentula
  3. Phytobia amelanchieris
  4. Phytobia aucupariae
  5. Phytobia betulae
  6. Phytobia betulivora
  7. Phytobia bifida
  8. Phytobia bifistula
  9. Phytobia bohemica
  10. Phytobia brincki
  11. Phytobia californica
  12. Phytobia calyptrata
  13. Phytobia cambii
  14. Phytobia carbonaria
  15. Phytobia cerasiferae
  16. Phytobia clypeolata
  17. Phytobia colorata
  18. Phytobia confessa
  19. Phytobia correntosana
  20. Phytobia coylesi
  21. Phytobia diversata
  22. Phytobia ecuadorensis
  23. Phytobia errans
  24. Phytobia fausta
  25. Phytobia flavohumeralis
  26. Phytobia flavosquamata
  27. Phytobia frutescens
  28. Phytobia furcata
  29. Phytobia fusca
  30. Phytobia gigas
  31. Phytobia grandissima
  32. Phytobia guatemalensis
  33. Phytobia harai
  34. Phytobia hirticula
  35. Phytobia incerta
  36. Phytobia indecora
  37. Phytobia insulana
  38. Phytobia inusitata
  39. Phytobia ipeii
  40. Phytobia iraeos
  41. Phytobia iridis
  42. Phytobia kallima
  43. Phytobia kuhlmanni
  44. Phytobia lanei
  45. Phytobia lateralis
  46. Phytobia liepae
  47. Phytobia lineata
  48. Phytobia longipes
  49. Phytobia lunulata
  50. Phytobia luzonensis
  51. Phytobia maai
  52. Phytobia macalpinei
  53. Phytobia magna
  54. Phytobia malabarensis
  55. Phytobia mallochi
  56. Phytobia manifesta
  57. Phytobia matura
  58. Phytobia mentula
  59. Phytobia millarae
  60. Phytobia monsonensis
  61. Phytobia morio
  62. Phytobia nigeriensis
  63. Phytobia nigrita
  64. Phytobia optabilis
  65. Phytobia pallida
  66. Phytobia pansa
  67. Phytobia peruensis
  68. Phytobia pipinna
  69. Phytobia powelli
  70. Phytobia prolata
  71. Phytobia propincua
  72. Phytobia pruinosa
  73. Phytobia pruni
  74. Phytobia prunivora
  75. Phytobia pseudobetulivora
  76. Phytobia rabelloi
  77. Phytobia ruandensis
  78. Phytobia sasakawai
  79. Phytobia semibifurcata
  80. Phytobia seticopia
  81. Phytobia setitibialis
  82. Phytobia setosa
  83. Phytobia shizukoae
  84. Phytobia spinulosa
  85. Phytobia subdiversata
  86. Phytobia terminalis
  87. Phytobia triplicis
  88. Phytobia unica
  89. Phytobia waltoni
  90. Phytobia vanduzeei
  91. Phytobia vilkamaai
  92. Phytobia vindhyaensis
  93. Phytobia xanthophora
  94. Phytobia yalomensis

References

  1. ^ Lioy, P (1864) I ditteri distribuite secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale. Atti dell'I. R. Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Serie 3 9(2): 1311-1352.
  2. ^ a b Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b Dyntaxa Phytobia
  4. ^ a b Lieutier, François; Day, Keith R.; Battisti, Andrea; Grégoire, Jean-Claude; Evans, Hugh F. (2007). Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 534–537. ISBN 978-1-4020-2241-8.
  5. ^ a b c Sousa, Viviane Rodrigues de; Couri, Márcia Souto (2017-12-18). "Phytobia (Diptera: Agromyzidae) from Brazil: new species, new record and a key to the Neotropical species". Zoologia. 34: 1–25. doi:10.3897/zoologia.34.e12308. ISSN 1984-4689.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  • Media related to Phytobia at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Phytobia at Wikispecies
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