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2022 Canadian federal electoral redistribution: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 09:47, 22 December 2022

The federal electoral redistribution of 2022 is a redistribution of electoral districts ("ridings") in Canada following the results of the 2021 Canadian census. The Constitution of Canada requires that federal electoral districts which compose the House of Commons undergo a redistribution of boundaries following each decennial Canadian census.[1] The redistribution process began in October 2021; it is expected to be completed in September 2023. It is based on data obtained during the 2021 Canadian census.[2]

The changes to federal electoral district boundaries may take effect at the earliest in 2024.[3] If the next federal election occurs before the new electoral boundaries have been established, it will occur with the current electoral district boundaries, which have been in effect since the 2015 federal election was called on August 4, 2015.[4][5]

The redistribution formula for federal electoral districts which compose the House of Commons is set out in Section 51 of the Constitution Act, 1867.[6] The formula in Section 51 was amended to its current form in 2022 by the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act. Section 52 permits additional seats to be added to the House of Commons provided proportionate representation between the provinces is maintained.[6]

Under the Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act, to redistribute the electoral boundaries within each province, ten independent electoral boundary commissions will be established, one for each province. The commissions are composed of three members, one appointed by the chief justice of each province, and two members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Commons.[7][8] Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon do not require commissions as each territory is allotted only a single member of the House of Commons, resulting in the entirety of the each territory being a single electoral district.[1][9]

Initial allocation of seats

The initial allocation of seats to the provinces and territories was based on rules in the Constitution of Canada established in 2012 by the Fair Representation Act as well as estimates of the Canadian population on July 1, 2021 made by Statistics Canada.[2] The Chief Electoral Officer announced the allocation of seats on 15 October 2021.[3]

Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Fair Representation Act
Province or territory 2012 redistribution Initial 2022 seat allocation[3] Change
 Ontario 121 122 1 Increase
 Quebec 78 77 1 Decrease
 British Columbia 42 43 1 Increase
 Alberta 34 37 3 Increase
 Manitoba 14 14 Steady
 Saskatchewan 14 14 Steady
 Nova Scotia 11 11 Steady
 New Brunswick 10 10 Steady
 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 Steady
 Prince Edward Island 4 4 Steady
 Northwest Territories 1 1 Steady
 Nunavut 1 1 Steady
 Yukon 1 1 Steady
 Canada 338 342 4 Increase

Passage of the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act

Notwithstanding the Chief Electoral Officer's announcement, Parliament retained certain powers to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 and thus the redistricting process.[10] Such a change occurred during the 2012 redistribution.[9] Amendments affecting proportionate representation between the provinces, however, required support of seven provinces representing at least 50% of the population of Canada.[10]

Several days after the Chief Electoral Officer's announcement of the allocation, Quebec provincial Minister of Justice Sonia LeBel said that Quebec's "special status" as Canada's "only francophone province" meant that the province must not lose any seats.[11][12] LeBel said the province represents one of the "founding peoples of Canada" saying that represents much more than "a simple calculation of population".[12] In November 2021, both the Premier of Quebec François Legault and the opposition Bloc Québécois also called for Quebec to maintain its current number of seats of 78.[13][14]

The same month, The Toronto Star editorial board called for further seats to be added in Ontario, British Columbia and Alberta, to provide fair representation for voters in those provinces.[15] It also said calls to institute a minimum threshold of seats for Quebec should be rejected.[15] The Globe and Mail's editorial board also called on Parliament to add additional seats to ensure the principle of "one person, one vote" would be realized.[16]

On February 8, 2022, BQ Shadow Minister Martin Champoux introduced a private member's bill entitled An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (representation in the House of Commons).[17] The bill proposed that Quebec would be guaranteed never to be allotted less than 25% of the seats in the House. This had previously been a provision in the failed 1992 Charlottetown Accord. The bill was defeated at second reading on June 8, 2022 by a vote of 51-264, with the BQ and NDP voting for the bill, and the Liberals and Conservatives voting against the bill.[18]

On March 2, 2022, the House of Commons called for the rules for apportioning seats to be amended in a non-binding motion.[19][20][21] The motion was introduced by the Bloc to avoid Quebec losing a seat in the House of Commons.[22] Following the vote, a government announced it would reject any scenario where Quebec loses a seat and would be working on a way to the current number of Quebec seats will be maintained.[20] Following the announcement, Conservative MP Michelle Rempel Garner said that the decision could contribute to western alienation and raised new questions about Canada’s electoral system.[23] She said Conservatives should consider advocating for the adoption of proportional representation.[22][23]

On March 24, 2022, the government tabled legislation to prevent Quebec (or any other province) from losing any seats relative to the number of seats it was apportioned in 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution.[24][25] Bill C-14 amended Rule 2 of subsection 51(1) of the Constitution Act, 1867, commonly known as the "Grandfather Clause".[26][27] The Bill passed the House of Commons on June 15, 2022,[28] passed the Senate on June 21, 2022,[29] and received royal assent on June 23, 2022.[30]

The Chief Electoral Officer announced the new allocation of seats under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act on 8 July 2022.[31]

Allocation of seats in the House of Commons under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act
Province or territory 2012 redistribution 2022 seat allocation Average population
per electoral district
Change
 Ontario 121 122 116,590 1 Increase
 Quebec 78 78 108,998 Steady
 British Columbia 42 43 116,300 1 Increase
 Alberta 34 37 115,206 3 Increase
 Manitoba 14 14 95,868 Steady
 Saskatchewan 14 14 80,893 Steady
 Nova Scotia 11 11 88,126 Steady
 New Brunswick 10 10 77,561 Steady
 Newfoundland and Labrador 7 7 72,935 Steady
 Prince Edward Island 4 4 38,583 Steady
 Northwest Territories 1 1 41,070 Steady
 Nunavut 1 1 36,858 Steady
 Yukon 1 1 40,232 Steady
 Canada 338 343 107,848 5 Increase

Initial proposals

Alberta

On June 10, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Alberta released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[32]

British Columbia

On May 2, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for British Columbia released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[33]

Manitoba

On June 16, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Manitoba released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[34]

New Brunswick

On June 16, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[35]

Newfoundland and Labrador

On June 28, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Newfoundland and Labrador released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[36]

Nova Scotia

On April 27, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Nova Scotia released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[37]

Ontario

On August 19, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Ontario released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[38]

Prince Edward Island

On May 2, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Prince Edward Island released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[39]

  • Cardigan: Loses all of its territory in North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them to Malpeque.
  • Charlottetown: No boundary changes proposed.
  • Egmont: Gains the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.
  • Malpeque: Gains the remainder of North Shore and the North Shore Fire District, plus everything west of Highway 6 between them from Cardigan; Loses the Bedeque area plus some areas east and southeast of Summerside from Malpeque.

Quebec

On July 29, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Quebec released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[40]

Saskatchewan

On May 9, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan released their initial proposal, proposing the following ridings:[41]

Public hearings

The publication of the initial proposals by each of the Boundary Commissions was followed by 150 virtual and in person public hearings.

Province Publication of initial proposal Public Hearings No. of public hearings Publication of final report[a]
Newfoundland and Labrador June 28, 2022 August 15, 2022 – September 16, 2022[42] 15[42] December 7, 2022
Prince Edward Island May 2, 2022 June 7, 2022 – June 9, 2022[43] 3[43] November 29, 2022
Nova Scotia April 27, 2022 May 30, 2022 – June 27, 2022[44] 9[44] November 17, 2022
New Brunswick June 16, 2022 September 7, 2022 – September 29, 2022 [45] 9[b][45] November 30, 2022
Quebec July 29, 2022 September 6, 2022 – October 13, 2022[46] 20[c][46] TBD[d]
Ontario August 19, 2022 September 26, 2022 – November 8, 2022[47] 23[47] TBD[e]
Manitoba June 16, 2022 September 7, 2022 – September 22, 2022[49] 4[f][49] December 6, 2022
Saskatchewan May 9, 2022 June 20, 2022 – July 14, 2022[50] 15[50] December 6, 2022
Alberta June 10, 2022 September 6, 2022 – October 14, 2022[51] 25[51] TBD[g]
British Columbia May 2, 2022 June 6, 2022 – September 29, 2022[53] 27[53] TBD[h]

Final report

New Brunswick

On November 30, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for New Brunswick released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[55]

Newfoundland and Labrador

On December 7, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Newfoundland and Labrador released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[56]

Nova Scotia

On November 17, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Nova Scotia released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[57]

Prince Edward Island

On November 29, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Prince Edward Island released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[58] The map is nearly identical to the commission's initial proposal, save for a small part of what had been the North Shore Fire District located west of Highway 25 and north of Highway 2 being transferred to Charlottetown. This area was annexed into the City of Charlottetown in June 2022.[59]

Manitoba

On December 6, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[60]

Saskatchewan

On December 6, 2022, the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Saskatchewan released their final report, submitting to the House of Commons the following ridings:[61]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The 10 month deadline to publish the final report for all commissions except Quebec was December 9, 2022.
  2. ^ Two public hearings were cancelled
  3. ^ Two public hearings were cancelled
  4. ^ Due to the passage of the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act and the change mid redistribution from 77 to 78 seats, the deadline for the Quebec boundary commission to submit their report is May 8, 2023 (10 Months after the new allocation of seats under the Preserving Provincial Representation in the House of Commons Act was announced on July 8, 2022), with a potential maximum extension of 2 months to July 8, 2023.
  5. ^ The Ontario boundary commission requested the maximum 2 month extension to February 9, 2023.[48]
  6. ^ One public hearing was cancelled
  7. ^ The Alberta boundary commission requested the maximum 2 month extension to February 9, 2023.[52]
  8. ^ The British Columbia boundary commission requested the maximum 2 month extension to February 9, 2023.[54]

References

  1. ^ a b Canada, Elections (2021-08-13). "Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts 2022". www.elections.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  2. ^ a b Canada, Elections (2021-08-12). "Timeline for the Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts". www.elections.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  3. ^ a b c "New House of Commons Seat Allocation" (Press release). Gatineau: Elections Canada. 15 October 2021. Archived from the original on 15 October 2021. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  4. ^ Proclamation declaring the Representation Order to be in Force effective on the First dissolution of Parliament that Occurs after May 1, 2014, SI/2013-102 , reported in the Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 147, Extra, October 5, 2013
  5. ^ "Proclamation Issuing Election Writs" (PDF). Canada Gazette Part II. 149. August 4, 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 6, 2015. Retrieved October 22, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Constitution Act, 1867, 30 & 31 Victoria (U.K.), c. 3, https://canlii.ca/t/ldsw retrieved on 2019-03-14.
  7. ^ Canada, Elections (2021-08-13). "The role of the electoral boundaries commissions in the federal redistribution process". www.elections.ca. Archived from the original on 2021-08-18. Retrieved 2021-08-16.
  8. ^ Aiello, Rachel (2021-10-15). "House of Commons will get 4 additional seats as early as 2024". CTV News. Archived from the original on 2021-10-15. Retrieved 2021-10-15.
  9. ^ a b Qualter, Terence; Wilson, John (2015-09-18). "Redistribution of Federal Electoral Districts". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2021-11-05.
  10. ^ a b Bryden, Joan (5 November 2021). "Ottawa needs support from majority of provinces to guarantee Quebec's share of Commons seats". CBC News. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 5 November 2021.
  11. ^ Yakabuski, Konrad (20 October 2021). "House of Commons redistribution proposal is a time bomb for Justin Trudeau". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  12. ^ a b Lévesque, Catherine (20 October 2021). "Quebec will push not to lose seat in House of Commons". The Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  13. ^ Woolf, Marie; Serebrin, Jacob (22 October 2021). "Quebec premier says Trudeau must ensure province does not lose a seat". CBC News. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  14. ^ Coyne, Andrew (26 November 2021). "Quebec objects to one person, one vote in principle. Canada merely fails to practise it". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  15. ^ a b Star Editorial Board (26 November 2021). "Voters in Ontario, B.C. and Alberta don't get fair representation in Parliament. That must change". The Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  16. ^ Editorial Board (20 November 2021). "One person, one vote is the basis of democracy. How about bringing it to Canada?". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 6 December 2021. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
  17. ^ "Constitution Act, 1867" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: House of Commons of Canada. February 8, 2022. p. 1811.
  18. ^ "Constitution Act, 2022 (Representation of Quebec)" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: House of Commons of Canada. June 8, 2022. pp. 6329–6331.
  19. ^ "JOURNALS". www.ourcommons.ca. 2022-03-02. Archived from the original on 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2022-03-26.
  20. ^ a b CBC News (4 March 2022). "Ottawa to protect number of Quebec Commons seats, stop province from losing MP". CBC News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  21. ^ Staples, David (4 March 2022). "Votes in Quebec should not count for more than votes in Alberta, B.C. and Ontario". Edmonton Journal. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  22. ^ a b Woolf, Marie (4 March 2022). "Feds to protect number of Quebec's Commons seats to ensure province doesn't lose MP". Global News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  23. ^ a b Rempel Garner, Michelle (4 March 2022). "It's time for Conservatives to rethink proportional representation". Western Standard. Archived from the original on 5 March 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  24. ^ Woolf, Marie (24 March 2022). "Liberals table bill to protect number of Quebec seats in Parliament, a condition of deal with NDP". National Post. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  25. ^ Levitz, Stephanie (24 March 2022). "Liberal-NDP deal might change which riding you are in". Toronto Star. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  26. ^ "The representation formula". Elections Canada. 2022. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
  27. ^ "C-14: An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (electoral representation)". Parliament of Canada. 2022. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2022.
  28. ^ "Constitution Act" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: House of Commons of Canada. June 15, 2022. p. 6768.
  29. ^ "Constitution Act, 1867" (PDF). Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). Canada: Senate of Canada. June 21, 2022. pp. 1773–1774.
  30. ^ "JOURNALS Thursday, June 23, 2022". ourcommons.ca. House of Commons of Canada. June 23, 2022. Retrieved June 24, 2022. A message was received informing the Commons that on June 23, 2022, at 10:28 p.m., Her Excellency the Governor General signified royal assent by written declaration to the following bills: Bill C-14, An Act to amend the Constitution Act, 1867 (electoral representation) — Chapter No. 6;
  31. ^ "New House of Commons Seat Allocation" (Press release). Gatineau: Elections Canada. 8 July 2022. Archived from the original on 8 July 2022. Retrieved 8 July 2022.
  32. ^ "Proposed Boundaries". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. June 10, 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  33. ^ "Commentary". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. May 2, 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  34. ^ "Preamble". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. June 16, 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  35. ^ "A New Federal Electoral Map is Taking Shape for New Brunswick". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. June 16, 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
  36. ^ "A New Federal Electoral Map is Taking Shape for Newfoundland and Labrador". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. June 28, 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Introduction". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. April 27, 2022. Archived from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  38. ^ "A New Federal Electoral Map is Taking Shape for Ontario".
  39. ^ "A New Federal Electoral Map is Taking Shape for Prince Edward Island". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. May 2, 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  40. ^ "The Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for Quebec Publishes Its Proposal To Revise The Electoral Map". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution. Archived from the original on 2022-07-29. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
  41. ^ "Overview". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. May 9, 2022. Archived from the original on 20 May 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
  42. ^ a b "Public participation – Newfoundland and Labrador". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  43. ^ a b "Public participation – Prince Edward Island". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  44. ^ a b "Public participation – Nova Scotia". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  45. ^ a b "Public participation – New Brunswick". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  46. ^ a b "Public participation – Quebec". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  47. ^ a b "Public participation – Ontario". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  48. ^ "Ontario Commission". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  49. ^ a b "Public participation – Manitoba". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  50. ^ a b "Public participation – Saskatchewan". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  51. ^ a b "Public participation – Alberta". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  52. ^ "Alberta Commission". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  53. ^ a b "Public participation – British Columbia". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
  54. ^ "British Columbia Commission". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  55. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for New Brunswick Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. November 30, 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  56. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for Newfoundland and Labrador Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. December 7, 2022. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
  57. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for Nova Scotia Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. November 17, 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  58. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for Prince Edward Island Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. November 29, 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  59. ^ "City of Charlottetown to annex seven Marshfield properties". Saltwire. June 3, 2022. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  60. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for Saskatchewan Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. December 6, 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  61. ^ "New Federal Electoral Map for Saskatchewan Tabled in the House of Commons". Federal Electoral Districts Redistribution 2022. December 6, 2022. Retrieved 7 December 2022.