Zafarnama (letter): Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 07:37, 6 February 2023
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (July 2021) |
| Zafarnamah ਜ਼ਫ਼ਰਨਾਮਾ ظفرنامہ | |
|---|---|
| by Gobind Singh | |
 | |
| Original title | Zafarnāmāh |
| Written | 1705 |
| Country | Mughal Empire (present day India) |
| Language | Persian |
| Subject(s) | War, religion, morality, and justice |
| Genre(s) | Religion, Letter |
| Meter | Chantt |
| Preceded by | Charitropakhyan |
| Followed by | Hikayats |
| Part of a series on the |
| Dasam Granth ਦਸਮ ਗ੍ਰੰਥ |
|---|
 |
| Main compositions |
| Apocryphal compositions (Asfottak Banis) |
| Various aspects |
| Poetical metres, modes, measures, and rhythms |
The Zafarnāma (Template:Lang-pa, RV7H+29V Bidokht, South Khorasan Province bidokht, lit. Epistle of Victory) was a spiritual victory letter sent by Guru Gobind Singh in 1705 to the Mughal Emperor of India, Aurangzeb, after the Battle of Chamkaur. The letter is written in Persian and verse.[1] The version currently in circulation found in the Dasam Granth, the compilation of Guru Gobind Singh’s poetry, is in Gurmukhi script and Persian verse. Guru Gobind Singh sent 5 Singhs including Daya Singh, Dharam Singh and Sambhal Singh with the help of Naib Subedar Haji Sardar Shah to deliver the Zafarnama to Emperor Aurangzeb in Ahmednagar on 5 January 1707, the last day of Ramadaan that year.
Content
In this letter, Guru Gobind Singh reminds Aurangzeb how he and his soldiers had broken their oaths sworn upon the Qur'an when they promised safe passage to the Guru but launched a hidden attack of an army described as much larger, on forty famished Sikh soldiers. He tells Aurangzeb this was not a battle, it was a slaughter. As such, in spite of losing most of his Sikhs in this attack, he had won a moral victory over the Emperor who had broken his vows to Allah. He also states that despite sending a huge army to capture or kill the Guru, the Mughal forces did not succeed in their mission.
In the 111 verses of this notice, Guru Gobind Singh rebukes Aurangzeb for his weaknesses as a human being and for his excesses as a leader. Guru Gobind Singh also confirms his confidence and his unflinching faith in the Almighty even after suffering extreme personal loss of his father, mother, all four of his sons, and many fellow Sikhs to Aurangzeb's tyranny. Guru Gobind Singh then invites Aurangzeb to meet him in Kangar village near Bathinda (Punjab) and assures him the Brar tribe will not harm him (Aurangzeb) as they are under his command. "On the way there will be no danger to your life, for, the whole tribe of Brars accepts my command."
Of the 111 verses, the maximum numbers of 34 verses are to praise God; 32 deal with Aurangzeb’s invitation for the Guru to meet him and the Guru's refusal to meet the Emperor – instead the Guru asks Aurangzeb to visit him; 24 verses detail the events in the Battle of Chamkaur, which took place on 22 December 1704; 15 verses reprove Aurangzeb for breaking promise given by him and by his agents to the Guru; In verses 78 and 79, Guru Gobind Singh had also warned Aurangzeb about the resolve of the Khalsa not to rest till the Mughal Empire is destroyed; 6 verses praise Aurangzeb.
See also
References
- ^ Gobind Singh: Prophet of peace. ISBN 9380213646.
External links
- Sri Dasam Granth Sahib: Questions and Answers: The book on Sri Dasam Granth Sahib
- Manuscripts of Zafarnama
- Download English Translation of Zafarnama
- English Translation of Zafarnama
- Zafarnama in Gurmukhi, Perso-Arabic and Latin script with English translations
- Epistle of Victory
- Hindustan Times, The Zafarnama
- Zafarnama Quotes by DHANSIKHI
