Jump to content

2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 37°10′26″N 37°01′55″E / 37.174°N 37.032°E / 37.174; 37.032
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Make combined figures more believeable
Line 35: Line 35:
| tsunami =
| tsunami =
| aftershocks = Numerous<br> 13 with a {{M|w|5.0|link=yes}} or greater<br>Largest: {{M|w|link=y}}6.7 at 01:28 (UTC), 6 February 2023
| aftershocks = Numerous<br> 13 with a {{M|w|5.0|link=yes}} or greater<br>Largest: {{M|w|link=y}}6.7 at 01:28 (UTC), 6 February 2023
| casualties = 1,797 dead, over 7,300 injured<ref name="BBC" />
| casualties = * 1,121 dead, 5,385 dead in [[Turkey]]
* 783 dead, ≥2,000 injured in [[Syria]]
* '''Total''': 1,904 dead, over 7,300 injured
| type = [[Strike-slip]]
| type = [[Strike-slip]]
| image alt =
| image alt =

Revision as of 13:59, 6 February 2023

2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
A strong ground motion map of the 7.8 Mww earthquake
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes is located in Turkey
2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes
UTC time2023-02-06 01:17:35
ISC event625613033
USGS-ANSSComCat
 ComCat
Local date6 February 2023 (2023-02-06)
Local time04:17 TRT (UTC+3)
 13:24 TRT (UTC+3)
Duration75 seconds
Magnitude7.8 Mww
 7.5 Mww
Depth17.9 km (11 mi)
10.0 km (6 mi)
Epicenter37°10′26″N 37°01′55″E / 37.174°N 37.032°E / 37.174; 37.032
FaultEast Anatolian Fault
Dead Sea Transform
TypeStrike-slip
Areas affectedTurkey, Syria, northern Lebanon, northern Iraq and Cyprus, shaking also felt across Israel, parts of Greece and Egypt[1]
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent)
AftershocksNumerous
13 with a Mw5.0 or greater
Largest: Mw6.7 at 01:28 (UTC), 6 February 2023
Casualties
  • 1,121 dead, 5,385 dead in Turkey
  • 783 dead, ≥2,000 injured in Syria
  • Total: 1,904 dead, over 7,300 injured

On 6 February 2023, two powerful earthquakes struck southern and central Turkey. The first occurred west of the city of Gaziantep at 04:17 TRT (01:17 UTC), causing widespread damage in Turkey and Syria. With a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent) and a magnitude of Mww 7.8, the first earthquake is tied with the 1939 Erzincan earthquake as the strongest scientifically recroded earthquake to hit Turkey.[2][3] It is also the most devastating earthquake to strike the country since the 1999 Izmit earthquake.[4] The earthquake was followed by numerous aftershocks, the strongest of which had a magnitude of 6.7 Mw. The second earthquake occurred 9 hours later in the city of Kahramanmaraş at 13:24 TRT (10:24 UTC), also having a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX and a magnitude of Mww 7.5. As a result of the earthquakes, nearly 1,900 people were killed and over 7,300 were injured.

Tectonic setting

Geology

Map of the Anatolian Plate, featuring the East Anatolian Fault.

The preliminary location of the earthquake places it within the vicinity of a triple-junction between the Anatolian, Arabian, and African plates. The mechanism and location of the earthquake are consistent with the earthquake having occurred on either the East Anatolian Fault zone or the Dead Sea Transform Fault Zone. The East Anatolian Fault accommodates the westward extrusion of Turkey into the Aegean Sea, while the Dead Sea Transform accommodates the northward motion of the Arabia peninsula relative to the Africa and Eurasia plates.[5]

The East Anatolian Fault is a 700 km (430 mi)-long sinistral transform fault which forms the boundary between the Anatolian and Arabian plates. The fault display slip rates that decrease from the east at 10 mm (0.39 in) per year to the west where it is 1–4 mm (0.039–0.157 in) per year. The fault produced large earthquakes in 1789 (Mw  7.2), 1795 (Mw  7.0), 1872 (Mw  7.2), 1874 (Mw  7.1), 1875 (Mw  6.7), 1893 (Mw  7.1) and 2020 (Mw  6.8). These earthquakes ruptured individual segments of the fault. The seismically active Palu and Pütürge segments in the east display a recurrence interval of about 150 years for M 6.8–7.0 earthquakes. The Pazarcık and Amanos segments in the west have recurrence intervals of 237–772 years and 414–917 years, respectively for M 7.0–7.4 earthquakes.[6]

Seismicity

The region where the 6 February earthquake occurred is relatively quiet seismologically. Only three earthquakes of magnitude 6 or larger have occurred within 250 km (160 mi) of the 6 February earthquake since 1970. The largest of these, a magnitude 6.7, occurred northeast of the 6 February earthquake on 24 January 2020. All of these earthquakes occurred along or in the vicinity of the East Anatolia fault. Despite the relative seismic quiescence of the epicentral area of the 6 February, southern Turkey and northern Syria have experienced significant and damaging earthquakes in the past. Aleppo, in Syria, was devastated several times historically by large earthquakes, though the precise locations and magnitudes of these earthquakes can only be estimated. Aleppo was struck by an estimated magnitude 7.1 earthquake in 1138 and an estimated magnitude 7.0 earthquake in 1822. Fatality estimates of the 1822 earthquake were 20,000–60,000.[5]

Earthquakes

Seismogram of the Mww 7.8 earthquake

The United States Geological Survey (USGS) measured the first earthquake at moment magnitude 7.8 (Mww), striking at 01:17 UTC. It had an epicenter west of Gaziantep in Gaziantep Province, which is near the border with Syria. The shock had a focal mechanism corresponding to shallow strike-slip faulting.[5] Rupture occurred on either a northwest–southeast striking, northeast dipping or northwest–southeast striking, northwest dipping fault.[7] The USGS estimated a rupture dimension of ~190 km (120 mi) long and ~25 km (16 mi) wide.[5] It is the strongest ever recorded in Turkey, equaling the 1939 Erzincan earthquake.[8]

A second earthquake measuring Mww  7.5 struck at 10:24 UTC with an epicenter 4 km (2.5 mi) south–southeast of Ekinözü. It ruptured along an east–west striking, north dipping or north–south striking, east dipping strike-slip fault.[9] The USGS said the earthquake may have ruptured a separate fault with dimensions of ~120 km (75 mi) long and ~18 km (11 mi) wide.[10]

Aftershocks

The earthquake had an aftershock measuring Mww  6.7 which occurred about 11 minutes after the mainshock.[11] A Mww  7.5 earthquake struck the same area 9 hours later.[10] There were 25 aftershocks Mw 4.0 or greater recorded within six hours of the main tremor, according to the USGS.

Aftershocks of Mw  4.0 or greater
Date Time (UTC) M MMI Depth Ref.
6 February 01:26 5.6 VII 17.0 km (10.6 mi) [12]
6 February 01:28 6.7 VIII 14.5 km (9.0 mi) [11]
6 February 01:36 5.6 VII 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [13]
6 February 01:58 5.1 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [14]
6 February 02:01 4.8 N/A 10.4 km (6.5 mi) [15]
6 February 02:03 5.5 VIII 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [16]
6 February 02:17 4.8 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [17]
6 February 02:23 5.2 IV 11.4 km (7.1 mi) [18]
6 February 02:54 4.6 V 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [19]
6 February 03:04 4.7 N/A 17.9 km (11.1 mi) [20]
6 February 03:12 4.5 VI 12.6 km (7.8 mi) [21]
6 February 03:28 4.4 N/A 16.0 km (9.9 mi) [22]
6 February 03:45 4.8 VI 15.4 km (9.6 mi) [23]
6 February 04:04 4.3 N/A 14.1 km (8.8 mi) [24]
6 February 04:14 4.4 N/A 16.7 km (10.4 mi) [25]
6 February 04:16 4.5 V 13.2 km (8.2 mi) [26]
6 February 04:18 5.0 VI 14.5 km (9.0 mi) [27]
6 February 04:39 4.3 N/A 14.9 km (9.3 mi) [28]
6 February 04:47 4.4 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [29]
6 February 05:01 4.6 N/A 20.2 km (12.6 mi) [30]
6 February 05:36 4.6 N/A 10.6 km (6.6 mi) [31]
6 February 05:55 4.5 N/A 16.5 km (10.3 mi) [32]
6 February 06:26 5.0 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [33]
6 February 06:54 4.8 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [34]
6 February 07:08 4.6 N/A 13.4 km (8.3 mi) [35]
6 February 08:01 4.5 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [36]
6 February 08:52 4.8 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [37]
6 February 09:23 4.6 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [38]
6 February 09:36 4.3 IV 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [39]
6 February 10:35 5.8 VII 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [40]
6 February 10:51 5.7 VII 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [41]
6 February 11:01 5.0 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [42]
6 February 11:05 5.2 N/A 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [43]
6 February 11:11 4.9 N/A 18.0 km (11.2 mi) [44]
6 February 12:02 6.0 VII 10.0 km (6.2 mi) [45]

Damage

Turkey

Destruction of the Galeria Business Center in Diyarbakır.

In total, around 2,818 buildings collapsed in ten provinces across Turkey.[46] Many buildings were destroyed in Adıyaman and Diyarbakır.[47] In Diyarbakır, a shopping mall collapsed.[48] The governor of Osmaniye said 34 buildings in the province had collapsed.[49]

About 130 building collapses also occurred in Malatya.[50] A well-known 13th century mosque in the province partially collapsed.[51] The ancient Gaziantep Castle was seriously damaged.[52] Fires broke out all over the region.[53]

In Adana, two apartment buildings, one of them 17-stories, collapsed, killing at least ten people.[54]

In Hatay Province, the runway of Hatay Airport was split and uplifted.[55] Two provincial hospitals and a police station were destroyed.[56]

Syria

The opposition Syrian Civil Defense called the situation in the northwest part of the country "disastrous". Many buildings collapsed and people were trapped. Collapses occurred in the cities of Aleppo, Latakia, and Hama. In Damascus, many people fled from their homes onto the streets.[57] Many buildings in Syria had already been damaged by an almost 12-year-long civil war.[58] The Crusader-built castle Margat suffered damage, with part of a tower and parts of some walls collapsing.[57] The Citadel of Aleppo was also affected.[59]

Other countries

In Lebanon, residents were awakened from their sleep. Buildings in the country shook for up to 40 seconds. In Beirut, residents fled their homes and stayed in streets or drove in their vehicles to flee from buildings. Overall, damage in Lebanon was limited, with some buildings affected in the cities of El Minniyeh, El Minya, and Bourj Hammoud.[57][60][61] No casualties have however been reported so far.

The earthquake was also felt as far as Cyprus.[62] The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre said shaking was felt in Greece, Jordan, Israel, Iraq, Georgia, Armenia, Egypt, and Romania.[63][64] In Iraq and the Autonomous Region of Kurdistan many residents stayed outdoors while waiting for an announcement that it was safe to return to their homes. An aftershock hit hours later, causing buildings to be evacuated and no deaths or injuries have been reported.[65]

Estimation of losses

According to a professor of geophysics at the Kandilli Observatory, the death toll could be similar to the 1999 İzmit earthquake, in which 18,373 people died.[66] The United States Geological Survey PAGER service estimated a 35 percent probability of economical losses between US $1 billion and US $10 billion. The service estimated a 34 percent probability of deaths between 100 and 1,000; 31 percent probability of deaths between 1,000 and 10,000.[67] Meanwhile, Risklayer estimated a death toll of between 5,200 and 48,500, and an economic loss of around $20 billion USD.[68]

Casualties

In Turkey, at least 1,121 people across 10 provinces[69] died and an additional 5,385 were injured.[70][71][65][72][73][74] Some people who were trapped under rubble live streamed their pleas for help on social media.[75] Prior to the magnitude 7.5 earthquake hitting Kahramanmaras, at least 70 deaths were confirmed in the city.[76]

At least 783 people were killed and over 2,000 were injured in Syria.[76][77] The Syrian Ministry of Health recorded 371 earthquake-related deaths and 1,089 injuries in government-held areas; including in the provinces of Aleppo, Latakia, Hama and Tartus.[78] More than 200 died in the cities of Aleppo, Hama and Latakia.[79][80] In rebel-held areas, 221 people died and 419 others were injured,[78] according to the Syrian Civil Defense.[77] In the village of Atmed, 11 people died and many residents were buried.[50] The President of the Syrian American Medical Society, Amjad Rass, said emergency rooms were packed with injured.[81] In Idlib Governorate, a hospital received 30 bodies.[82] A further 1,089 were injured in government-controlled areas while in rebel-controlled areas, the number of injured stood at 419.[77][83] In total, 405 buildings were destroyed or partially collapsed, and thousands of others sustained cracks.[84]

Tsunami alert

Small tsunami waves were recorded off the coast of Famagusta, Cyprus, without damage, according to the Geological Survey Department.[85] The Civil Protection Department of Italy issued an alert which it later withdrew for possible tsunami waves striking the Italian coast. Coastal residents were advised to flee to higher ground and follow local authorities.[86] Rail services were temporarily suspended in Sicily, Calabria and Apulia and resumed in the morning.[87]

Response

Turkey

President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said on Twitter "search and rescue teams were immediately dispatched" to the affected area. Interior Minister Süleyman Soylu urged residents to refrain from entering damaged buildings.[88] The national government declared a 'level four alert' to appeal for international aid.[65]

In an official statement, Minister of Youth and Sports Mehmet Kasapoğlu announced that every national championship would be suspended with immediate effect, until further communications.[89][90]

Emergency services in Turkey rushed to search for survivors trapped under many collapsed buildings. At least 2,470 people were rescued from rubble.[70] In Adana, people could be heard shouting from under debris. Cranes and emergency teams in Diyarbakir attended to a pancaked apartment building.[80] The Turkish Armed Forces established an air corridor to allow search and rescue teams to reach disaster zones as quickly as possible.[91]

Poor weather conditions including snow, rain and freezing temperations disrupted search and rescue efforts undertaken by rescue workers and civilians. Rescuers and volunteers wore winter clothing while searching for survivors.[92]

Syria

The opposition Syrian Civil Defence described the situation as "disastrous" and urged residents to leave buildings and stay in the open. The organization declared an unofficial state of emergency.[79] Syrian media reported a large number of buildings collapsing in the northern Aleppo Governorate, as well as several in the city of Hama. In Damascus, many people fled from their homes onto the streets.[88][93] The National Earthquake Centre said the earthquake is "the biggest earthquake recorded" in its operational history.[51] According to SANA, the state news agency, President Bashar al-Assad held an emergency meeting with his cabinet to organize a rescue plan in the most hit regions.[94]

International

Countries

Leaders of many countries offered condolences. The following offered practical support:

  • Albania Prime Minister Edi Rama said a "solidarity rescue mission" would leave on 6 February.
  • Armenia Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said Armenia stood ready to provide assistance.[95]
  • Azerbaijan Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev expressed announced that it will send a search and rescue team of 370 people to Turkey.[96]
  • China China declared that they are ready to send aid to Turkey.[97]
  • Czech Republic Czech Prime Minister Petr Fiala said: the Czech Republic would "provide help to Turkey via the 68 members of USAR team leaving today at 2 p.m."[98]
  • Egypt A written statement said "Egypt is ready to help to face this disaster"[99]
  • El Salvador President Nayib Bukele, said "My government is ready to provide all necessary assistance to the government of President Erdogan."[100]
  • France President of France Emmanuel Macron said France stands ready to provide emergency aid to the populations and added that their thoughts are with the bereaved families.[91]
  • Germany German chancellor Olaf Scholz and foreign minister Annalena Baerbock both pledged help.[91]
  • Greece Prime Minister of Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis said the country is "mobilizing its resources and will assist immediately."[101] A team of 21 firefighters, 2 rescue dogs and a special rescue vehicle were dispatched to Turkey from Elfsina on a Lockheed C-130 Hercules. Following the team was a fire brigade officer-engineer, 5 doctors and rescuers from the National Center for Emergency Care.[102]
  • India Prime Minister Narendra Modi, said India "is ready to offer all possible assistance to cope with this tragedy."[103] Two teams from India's National Disaster Response Force comprising 100 personnel with specially trained dog squads and equipment were ready to be flown to the disaster area for search and rescue operations. Medical teams were being readied and relief material was being sent in coordination with the Turkish authorities.[104]
  • Iran Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesperson Nasser Kanaani said, "As Iran, we are ready to send health and aid teams to our neighbor Turkey and Syria, with which we have good relations, in accordance with humanitarian, moral, religious and neighborly rights."[105]
  • Israel Israel's Defense Minister, Yoav Gallant, said the country is ready to offer assistance. He ordered the Israel Defense Forces and Ministry of Defense to prepare to provide emergency support via the Home Front Command's international rescue units.[106]
  • Italy Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani said, "I just met with Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu to express Italy's closeness and to have our civil protection ready." In the statement made by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Minister Tajani met with Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu, expressed Italy's solidarity and offered the assistance of our civil defense".[107]
  • Japan The NHK reported that Japan will send a search and rescue team to assist in the current efforts. [108]
  • Kosovo President Vjosa Osmani, "We are ready to provide the necessary assistance through the Kosovo Security Force to overcome the consequences of the disaster."[109]
  • Malaysia Malaysian prime minister Anwar Ibrahim approved the deployment of 75 members of the SMART search and rescue team to assist in relief efforts.[110]
  • Netherlands Second Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs Wopke Hoekstra announced that the Netherlands will send a search and rescue team to Turkey.[111]
  • Poland Foreign Minister Zbigniew Rau, said "We wish the injured a speedy recovery. Poland is already sending aid and support!"
  • Portugal Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa said on his Twitter account, "It was with dismay that I received the news of the earthquake that hit Turkey and Syria. My thoughts are with the families of the victims and everyone affected by this disaster. Portugal stands in solidarity with them and we are ready to help, in coordination with our partners." said.[112]
  • Romania Two aircraft of the Romanian Air Force that have on board teams specialized in search and rescue interventions of the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations (IGSU) of Romania, consisting of 58 members, with the related specialized equipment, are leaving for Turkey on Monday to provide support to the country heavily affected by the earthquake.[113][114]
  • Slovakia Slovakia will help Turkey after the earthquake. "Slovakia will participate in helping Turkey after the devastating earthquake that claimed hundreds of lives", temporary Prime Minister Eduard Heger announced on social media. He informed that 13 Slovak firefighters and two mountain rescuers with dogs will travel to Turkey.[115]
  • Russia Russian President Vladimir Putin said Russia is ready to "provide the necessary assistance in dealing with the aftermath of this natural disaster". Russia Emergency Situations Ministry said that two airlifters and firefighting aircrafts (Ilyushin Il-76 cargo planes)[116] with 100 rescuers were on standby to help with relief efforts.[117]
  • Spain Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, "At the request of the European Civil Protection Mechanism, the Ministry of Interior, through the General Directorate of Civil Defense and Emergencies, activated the Military Emergency Unit and emergency air transport for support in search missions".[118]
  • Sweden Foreign Minister Tobias Billström said, "As Sweden's EU Presidency, we will reach out to Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu and Syria to coordinate EU efforts to assist these countries in this disaster."[119]
  • Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen, President of Taiwan announced a donation of $200,000 in disaster relief.[120] The Taiwanese government then sent a team of 40 people, 3 rescue dogs and 5 tons of equipment to assist in rescue operations.[121]
  • Ukraine Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy offered assistance.[91]
  • United Kingdom Foreign Minister James Cleverly said 76 search and rescue specialists, equipment and rescue dogs would arrive in Gaziantep.[122]
  • United States In a statement, National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan said the United States "stand ready to provide any and all needed assistance", and that president Joe Biden directed the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) to "assess US response options".[123]

Organisations

Aftermath

Mosques in Turkey were used as shelters for people unable to return to their homes amid freezing temperatures.[80] The Turkish lira value struck a record low and Turkish stock markets fell.[125]

See also

References

  1. ^ Staff, Toi (6 February 2023). "Strong quake knocks down buildings in Turkey and Syria; shaking felt across Israel". Times of Israel. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  2. ^ Manih, Niha (5 February 2023). "Quake could be 'largest' ever in the region, one expert says". The Washington Post. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  3. ^ https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64533851
  4. ^ "Timeline: Turkey hit by most devastating earthquake since 1999". Al Jazeera. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d National Earthquake Information Center (6 February 2023). "M 7.8 – 23 km E of Nurdağı, Turkey". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 February 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  6. ^ Güvercin, S.E.; Karabulut, H.; Konca, A.O.; Doğan, U.; Ergintav, S. (2022). "Active seismotectonics of the East Anatolian Fault". Geophysical Journal International. 230 (1): 50–69. doi:10.1093/gji/ggac045.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  7. ^ "TURKEY 2023/02/06 01:17:35 UTC, Mw=8.0". GEOSCOPE Observatory. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  8. ^ Yoon, John (6 February 2023). "Monday's earthquake was the strongest ever in Turkey, matching a deadly one in 1939". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  9. ^ "TURKEY 2023/02/06 10:24:49 UTC, Mw=7.7". GEOSCOPE Observatory. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  10. ^ a b "M 7.5 - 4 km SSE of Ekinözü, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  11. ^ a b National Earthquake Information Center (6 February 2023). "M 6.7 – Central Turkey". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  12. ^ "M 5.6 – 23 km NE of Musabeyli, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  13. ^ "M 5.6 – 16 km S of Nurdağı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  14. ^ "M 5.1 – 6 km ESE of Hasanbeyli, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  15. ^ "M 4.8 – 23 km SW of Pazarcık, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  16. ^ "M 5.5 – 2 km S of Tut, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  17. ^ "M 4.8 – 10 km SSW of Nurdağı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  18. ^ "M 5.2 – 21 km E of Nurdağı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  19. ^ "M 4.6 – 15 km E of Denizciler, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  20. ^ "M 4.7 – eastern Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  21. ^ "M 4.5 – central Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  22. ^ "M 4.4 – 6 km NW of Sincik, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  23. ^ "M 4.8 – 18 km N of Sincik, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  24. ^ "M 4.3 – Central Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  25. ^ "M 4.4 – eastern Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  26. ^ "M 4.5 – 3 km ENE of Pazarcık, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  27. ^ "M 5.0 – eastern Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  28. ^ "M 4.3 – 14 km W of Gölbaşı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  29. ^ "M 4.4 – 8 km SW of Hassa, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  30. ^ "M 4.6 – central Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  31. ^ "M 4.6 – 3 km E of Anayazı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  32. ^ "M 4.5 – 16 km WSW of Sincik, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  33. ^ "M 5.0 – 12 km NW of İskenderun, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  34. ^ "M 4.8 – 14 km SE of Çağlayancerit, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  35. ^ "M 4.6 – 12 km SE of Aşağı Karafakılı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  36. ^ "M 4.5 - 14 km SSW of Aşağı Karafakılı, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  37. ^ "M 4.8 - 7 km SW of Pazarcık, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  38. ^ "M 4.6 - Turkey-Syria border region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  39. ^ "M 4.3 - Central Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  40. ^ "M 5.8 - 13 km SW of Doğanşehir, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  41. ^ "M 5.7 - eastern Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  42. ^ "M 5.0 - 6 km W of Pazarcık, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  43. ^ "M 5.2 - 20 km ESE of Göksun, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  44. ^ "M 4.9 - 8 km N of Çağlayancerit, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  45. ^ "M 6.0 - 5 km NE of Göksun, Turkey". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  46. ^ "Kahramanmaraş'ta 7.4 büyüklüğünde deprem: 10 kenti vurdu" [7.4 magnitude earthquake in Kahramanmaraş: hit 10 cities] (in Turkish). Sözcü. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Kahramanmaraş'ta 7,4 büyüklüğünde deprem, teyit edilmemiş yıkım haberleri var" [7.4 magnitude earthquake in Kahramanmaraş, there are unconfirmed destruction news] (in Turkish). BBC News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  48. ^ "Strong earthquake hits south-eastern Turkey near Syria border". BBC News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  49. ^ "5 Dead, Many Buildings Damaged In 7.8 Magnitude Earthquake In Turkey". NDTV. Agence France-Presse. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  50. ^ a b "Turkey earthquake: 7.8-magnitude quake kills at least 31 – and is felt elsewhere in the Middle East". Sky News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  51. ^ a b "Major quake kills more than 100 across Turkey, Syria". Channel NewsAsia. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  52. ^ Gures, Murat (5 February 2023). "Live Updates: Powerful Quake Kills Hundreds in Turkey and Syria". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  53. ^ "Deprem sonrası yangın çıktı". Sözcü. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  54. ^ "Adana Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanı Zeydan Karalar: 17 ve 14 katlı binalar yıkıldı" (in Turkish). 6 February 2023.
  55. ^ "Deprem Hatay'da havalimanının pistini yardı" [The earthquake broke the runway of the airport in Hatay] (in Turkish). NTV. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  56. ^ "Hatay'da iki devlet hastanesi depremde yıkıldı" [Two state hospitals in Hatay were destroyed in the earthquake] (in Turkish). Diken. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  57. ^ a b c "Powerful 7.8 quake knocks down buildings in Turkey, Syria". Associated Press. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  58. ^ "Major earthquake strikes Turkey, Syria; about 200 dead, many trapped (Update)". Cyprus Mail. Reuters. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  59. ^ "آثار سوريا لم تسلم من الزلزال.. تضرر قلعتي حلب والمرقب" (in Arabic). Al Arabiya. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  60. ^ "هزّة أرضية قوّية تُصيب سكان لبنان بالذعر فجراً... أضرار محدودة ولا خوف من تسونامي" (in Arabic). An Nahar. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  61. ^ "هل انهارت مبانٍ في شمال لبنان وبيروت... المولوي يوضح" (in Arabic). Akhbar Al-Yaum. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  62. ^ "Turkey earthquake: 7.8-magnitude quake kills at least 10 – and is felt elsewhere in the Middle East". Sky News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  63. ^ "Strong quake knocks down buildings in Turkey and Syria; shaking felt across Israel". The Times of Israel. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  64. ^ Ghazanchyan, Siranush (6 February 2023). "Second quake hits Turkey and Syria, felt in Armenia". Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  65. ^ a b c Hamblin, A. (6 February 2023). "At least 597 found dead after powerful earthquake devastates Turkey and Syria". The Telegraph. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  66. ^ "SON DAKİKA: Gaziantep ve Kahramanmaraş'taki korkutan deprem sonrası uzman isim canlı yayında duyurdu! '1999 İzmit depremine benzer maalesef yıkımlar olacak'" (in Turkish). Mynet. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  67. ^ National Earthquake Information Center. "Loss PAGER – M 7.8, 26 km E of Nurda, Turkey" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  68. ^ @risklayer (6 February 2023). "DUAL Earthquake ESTIMATE (Turkey-Syria)" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  69. ^ "+++ Canlı Anlatım: 7,5 büyüklüğünde ikinci deprem" [+++ Live Commentary: Second 7.5 magnitude earthquake] (in Turkish). Deutsche Welle. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  70. ^ a b "Cumhurbaşkanı Erdoğan: Depremde 912 vatandaşımız hayatını kaybetti" [President Erdoğan: 912 of our citizens lost their lives in the earthquake]. NTV. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  71. ^ "Powerful quake kills at least 640 people in Turkey, Syria". The Indian Express. Associated Press. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  72. ^ "Huge earthquake in south-east Turkey kills more than 500". BBC News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  73. ^ "Turkey and Syria earthquake: what we know so far". The Guardian. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  74. ^ "Turkey hit by powerful earthquake". DW News. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  75. ^ "Kahramanmaraş'ta 7.4 şiddetinde deprem! 'Enkaz altındayız yardım edin...'" (in Turkish). Bursada Bugün. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  76. ^ a b "Death toll exceeds 1,700 as second quake strikes Turkey". BBC News. Agence France-Presse. 6 February 2023.
  77. ^ a b c "Death toll after Turkey, Syria earthquake tops 1,400". RTÉ. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  78. ^ a b "More than 1,500 dead as powerful quake hits southern Turkey and Syria". CNN News. 6 February 2023.
  79. ^ a b Romero, D. (6 February 2023). "Hundreds dead after massive earthquake rocks Turkey and Syria". NBC News. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  80. ^ a b c Fraser, S. (6 February 2023). "Powerful quake kills at least 360 people in Turkey, Syria". Associated Press. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  81. ^ "Death toll rises rapidly following powerful 7.8 quake in Turkey, Syria". 1 News. Associated Press. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  82. ^ Fitzpatrick, M. (6 February 2023). "Massive earthquake kills hundreds in Turkey, Syria". Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  83. ^ Editorial Desk, OutFable. "7.8 Earthquake Rocks Southeastern Turkey and Northern Syria: 1300 Confirmed Dead". OutFable News. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  84. ^ Cite error: The named reference alghad was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  85. ^ Damaskinos, I. (6 February 2023). "Earthquake in Turkey caused 'small tsunamis' off Famagusta coast". Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  86. ^ "Allerta maremoto: possibili onde in arrivo sulle coste italiane" [Tsunami alert: possible waves arriving on the Italian coasts] (in Italian). Dipartimento della Protezione Civile. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  87. ^ Maccion, F. (6 February 2023). Cristina Carlevaro; Tom Hogue (eds.). "Italy withdraws tsunami warning after Turkey, Syria earthquake". Reuters. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  88. ^ a b "Strong earthquake hits southern Turkey near Syrian border". Al Jazeera. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  89. ^ "Son Dakika... Bakan Kasapoğlu duyurdu: Türkiye'deki tüm spor organizasyonları süresiz durduruldu". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr (in Turkish). 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  90. ^ "Bakan Kasapoğlu duyurdu: Türkiye'deki tüm spor organizasyonları süresiz durduruldu". T24 (in Turkish). 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  91. ^ a b c d e "Hundreds dead in Turkey, Syria after powerful earthquake". Deutsche Welle. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  92. ^ "Severe weather hampers earthquake rescuers in Turkey and Syria". Al Jazeera. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  93. ^ Ozdal, Umit; Toksabay, Ece (6 February 2023). "Major earthquake strikes Turkey, Syria; scores dead, many trapped". Reuters. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  94. ^ "7.8-magnitude earthquake kills hundreds in southern Turkey, Syria". Washington Post. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  95. ^ "https://twitter.com/NikolPashinyan/status/1622519956817559553". Twitter. Retrieved 6 February 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  96. ^ "Azerbaijan voices solidarity with Türkiye after deadly earthquake". Anadolu Agency. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  97. ^ "Çin Büyükelçiliği'nden Türkiye'ye dayanışma mesajı". Aydinlik (in Turkish). 6 February 2023.
  98. ^ "https://twitter.com/P_Fiala/status/1622539912162512897". Twitter. Retrieved 6 February 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  99. ^ https://twitter.com/MfaEgypt/status/1622469671571148801
  100. ^ https://twitter.com/nayibbukele/status/1622491069970628608
  101. ^ Kokkinidis, T. (6 February 2023). "Greece Sends Immediate Help to Turkey after Massive Earthquake". Greek Reporter. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  102. ^ "Greece sends rescue teams to Turkey – Statements of the Greek PM, Foreign Ministry and President Sakellaropoulou". Orthodox Times. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  103. ^ https://twitter.com/narendramodi/status/1622471684866576385. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  104. ^ https://indianexpress.com/article/world/turkey-earthquake-live-updates-syria-deaths-injuries-buildings-collapsed-8426271/. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  105. ^ "Liderlerden Türkiye'ye yardım ve taziye mesajları". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr.
  106. ^ Silkoff, S. (6 February 2023). "Israel offers to aid rescue efforts after deadly Turkey earthquake". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  107. ^ "Leaders to help and condolences to Turkey". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  108. ^ "Over 1,200 dead after quake hits Turkey-Syria border". https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/. Retrieved 6 February 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |work= (help)
  109. ^ "Help and condolence messages from leaders to Turkey". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  110. ^ "Turkiye quake: Malaysia to deploy 75 SMART members to help in SAR operations". New Straits Times. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  111. ^ https://twitter.com/wbhoekstra/status/1622495390569226241
  112. ^ "https://twitter.com/antoniocostapm/status/1622532317351649280". Twitter. Retrieved 6 February 2023. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  113. ^ "Romania to send personnel specialised in search and rescue interventions to Turkey". stiripesurse.ro. 6 February 2023.
  114. ^ "Salvatori din România: echipă formată din 58 membri pleacă în Turcia". mediafax.ro. 6 February 2023.
  115. ^ Murajdová, Alex. "Pomáhame Turecku. Slovensko posiela do oblasti zničenej zemetrasením hasičov a horských záchranárov so psami". tvnoviny.sk. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  116. ^ "МЧС России". Telegram. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  117. ^ "Putin Sends Condolences to Erdogan, Assad After Devastating Earthquake". The Moscow Times. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  118. ^ "Messages of help and condolences from leaders". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  119. ^ "Help and condolence messages from leaders to Turkey". www.cumhuriyet.com.tr. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  120. ^ "土耳其強震台灣捐20萬美元賑災 蔡總統：願提供即時救援". Central News Agency (Taiwan) (in Traditional Chinese). 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  121. ^ "土耳其強震逾1200死 台灣搜救隊40人3犬出發救災". Central News Agency (Taiwan) (in Traditional Chinese). 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  122. ^ "UK Sending 76 Search-and-rescue Specialists To Turkey". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  123. ^ "Statement from National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on the Earthquake in Turkiye and Syria". The White House. 5 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  124. ^ a b c "Live updates | EU rushes rescuers, satellite help to Turkey". Associated Press. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
  125. ^ "UPDATE 1-Turkey's lira slips to fresh record low, stocks tumble". Yahoo! Finance. Reuters. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes&oldid=1137795962"