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Joseph Hubertus Pilates (9 December 1883 – 9 October 1967) was a German-born physical trainer, writer, and inventor. He is credited with inventing and promoting the Pilates method of physical fitness. He patented a total of 26 apparatus in his lifetime.^[1]

^[2]Early life

Joseph Hubertus Pilates was born on 9 December 1883 in Mönchengladbach, Germany. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, who was born in Greece, was a metal worker and enthusiastic gymnast, and his German-born mother was a housewife.^[2]

Pilates was a sickly child. He suffered from asthma, rickets, and rheumatic fever, and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. He was introduced by his father to gymnastics and body-building, and to martial arts like jiu-jitsu and boxing. He also enjoyed skiing and diving.^[2]

By the age of 14, he was fit enough to pose for anatomical charts. Pilates came to believe that the "modern" life-style, bad posture, and inefficient breathing lay at the roots of poor health. He ultimately devised a series of exercises and training techniques, and engineered all the equipment, specifications, and tuning required to teach his methods properly.^{[citation needed].}

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References

^ "About Joseph Pilates - Art of Control". 2016-10-13. Retrieved 2023-02-20.
^ ^a ^b ^c www.pilates.com https://www.pilates.com/pilates/origins. Retrieved 2023-03-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[1] "About Joseph Pilates - Art of Control". 2016-10-13. Retrieved 2023-02-20.

[:0-2] www.pilates.com https://www.pilates.com/pilates/origins. Retrieved 2023-03-06. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 ==== Lead ====
-Joseph Hubertus Pilates (9 December 1883 – 9 October 1967) was a German-born physical trainer, writer, and inventor. He is credited with inventing and promoting the Pilates method of physical fitness. He patented a total of 26 apparatus in his lifetime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-13 |title=About Joseph Pilates - Art of Control |url=https://artofcontrol.com/about-pilates/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> Joseph Hubertus Pilates was born on 9 December 1883 in [[Mönchengladbach]], [[Germany]]. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, who was born in [[Greece]], was a metal worker and enthusiastic [[gymnast]], and his German-born mother was a [[housewife]].
+Joseph Hubertus Pilates (9 December 1883 – 9 October 1967) was a German-born physical trainer, writer, and inventor. He is credited with inventing and promoting the Pilates method of physical fitness. He patented a total of 26 apparatus in his lifetime.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-10-13 |title=About Joseph Pilates - Art of Control |url=https://artofcontrol.com/about-pilates/ |access-date=2023-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref>
+==== <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.pilates.com/pilates/origins |access-date=2023-03-06 |website=www.pilates.com}}</ref>Early life ====
-Pilates was a sickly child. He suffered from [[asthma]], [[rickets]], and [[rheumatic fever]], and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. He was introduced by his father to [[gymnastics]] and [[body-building]], and to [[martial arts]] like [[Jujutsu|jiu-jitsu]] and [[boxing]]. By the age of 14, he was fit enough to pose for [[Anatomy|anatomical]] charts. Pilates came to believe that the "modern" [[Life style (sociology)|life-style]], bad [[Human position|posture]], and inefficient breathing lay at the roots of poor [[health]]. He ultimately devised a series of [[exercises]] and training techniques, and engineered all the [[equipment]], [[specifications]], and tuning required to teach his methods properly.<sup>[''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]''].</sup>
+Joseph Hubertus Pilates was born on 9 December 1883 in [[Mönchengladbach]], [[Germany]]. His father, Heinrich Friedrich Pilates, who was born in [[Greece]], was a metal worker and enthusiastic [[gymnast]], and his German-born mother was a [[housewife]].<ref name=":0" />
+Pilates was a sickly child. He suffered from [[asthma]], [[rickets]], and [[rheumatic fever]], and he dedicated his entire life to improving his physical strength. He was introduced by his father to [[gymnastics]] and [[body-building]], and to [[martial arts]] like [[Jujutsu|jiu-jitsu]] and [[boxing]]. He also enjoyed [[skiing]] and [[Diving (sport)|diving]].<ref name=":0" />
+By the age of 14, he was fit enough to pose for [[Anatomy|anatomical]] charts. Pilates came to believe that the "modern" [[Life style (sociology)|life-style]], bad [[Human position|posture]], and inefficient breathing lay at the roots of poor [[health]]. He ultimately devised a series of [[exercises]] and training techniques, and engineered all the [[equipment]], [[specifications]], and tuning required to teach his methods properly.<sup>[''[[Wikipedia:Citation needed|citation needed]]''].</sup>
 === Article body ===