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Considered harmful is a part of a phrasal template "X considered harmful". As of 2009^[update], its snowclones have been used in the titles of at least 65 critical essays in computer science and related disciplines.^[1] Its use in this context originated with a 1968 letter by Edsger Dijkstra published as "Go To Statement Considered Harmful".

History

Considered harmful was already a journalistic cliché used in headlines, well before the Dijkstra article, as in, for example, the headline over a letter published in 1949 in The New York Times: "Rent Control Controversy / Enacting Now of Hasty Legislation Considered Harmful".^[2]

Considered harmful was popularized among computer scientists by Edsger Dijkstra's letter "Go To Statement Considered Harmful",^[3]^[4] published in the March 1968 Communications of the ACM (CACM), in which he criticized the excessive use of the GOTO statement in programming languages of the day and advocated structured programming instead.^[5] The original title of the letter, as submitted to CACM, was "A Case Against the Goto Statement", but CACM editor Niklaus Wirth changed the title to "Goto Statement Considered Harmful".^[6] Regarding this new title, Donald Knuth quipped that "Dr. Goto cheerfully complained that he was always being eliminated."^[7]

Frank Rubin published a criticism of Dijkstra's letter in the March 1987 CACM where it appeared under the title "'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful".^[8] The May 1987 CACM printed further replies, both for and against, under the title "'"GOTO Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful?".^[9] Dijkstra's own response to this controversy was titled On a Somewhat Disappointing Correspondence.^[10]

Snowclones

William Wulf and Mary Shaw (February 1973). "Global Variable Considered Harmful". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 8 (2): 28–34. doi:10.1145/953353.953355. S2CID 2388792.
Bruce A. Martin (November 15–19, 1976). "Letter O Considered Harmful". proposal considered by X3J3 members. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY: X3J3: ANSI Fortran Standards Committee. (Full proposal text was included in post-meeting distribution; see summary.)
Rob Pike and Brian Kernighan (1983). "UNIX Style, or cat -v Considered Harmful". USENIX. Retrieved January 25, 2020.
- This article is the namesake of a Cat-v.org Random Contrarian Insurgent Organization, which maintains a directory of "considered harmful" articles and hosts some Plan 9-related software. (Rob Pike was a main figure in the creation of Plan 9 and wrote extensively on bad designs found in UNIX.)^[11]
John McCarthy (December 1989). "Networks Considered Harmful for Electronic Mail". Communications of the ACM. 32 (12): 1389–1390. doi:10.1145/76380.316015.
Eliot Lear; Erik Fair; Dave Crocker; Thomas Kessler (July 1994). RFC 1627: Network 10 Considered Harmful (Some Practices Shouldn't be Codified) (Technical report). IETF. doi:10.17487/rfc1627.
CA Kent; JC Mogul (January 1995). "Fragmentation Considered Harmful". ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review. 25: 75–87. doi:10.1145/205447.205456. S2CID 207997774.
Tom Christiansen (October 1996). "Csh Programming Considered Harmful". Retrieved January 25, 2020. See C shell.
Peter Miller (1998). "Recursive Make Considered Harmful". AUUGN. 19 (1): 14–25. Archived from the original on March 30, 2015.
Jonathan Amsterdam (February 2002). "Java's new Considered Harmful". Software Development Magazine.
Ian Hickson (September 2002). "Sending XHTML as text/html Considered Harmful".
Eric A. Meyer (December 2002). ""Considered Harmful" Essays Considered Harmful".
C. Ponder; B. Bush (1992). "Polymorphism considered harmful". ACM SIGPLAN Notices. 27 (6): 76–79. doi:10.1145/130981.130991. S2CID 21140034.
J Yoon; M Liu; B Noble (April 2003). Random Waypoint Considered Harmful. Vol. 2. pp. 1312–1321 vol.2. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.129.5604. doi:10.1109/INFCOM.2003.1208967. ISBN 978-0-7803-7752-3. S2CID 3779394. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
A Mishra; V Shrivastava; S Banerjee; W Arbaugh (June 2006). "Partially Overlapped Channels Not Considered Harmful". Sigmetrics. 34: 63–74. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.115.9060. doi:10.1145/1140103.1140286.
Alexander Sotirov; Marc Stevens; Jacob Appelbaum; Arjen Lenstra; David Molnar; Dag Arne Osvik; Benne de Weger (December 2008). "MD5 considered harmful today - Creating a rogue CA certificate".
Andy Crabtree; Tom Rodden; Peter Tolmie; Graham Button (April 2009). "Ethnography considered harmful". Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 879–888. doi:10.1145/1518701.1518835. ISBN 9781605582467. S2CID 13646185.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino (October 2003). "IPv4-Mapped Addresses on the Wire Considered Harmful". IETF Internet-Draft.
Kapser, Cory; Godfrey, Michael W. (October 2006). "Cloning Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful. 2006 13th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering. pp. 19–28. doi:10.1109/WCRE.2006.1.
Rich Felker (a.k.a. 'dalias') (July 2013). "NULL considered harmful". Retrieved January 25, 2020. See C (programming language).
Paul Ceruzzi (June 2015). "Star Trek Considered Harmful". National Air and Space Museum.
Howard Chu (February 2008). "GnuTLS Considered Harmful". LDAP Mailing List.
Eric S. Raymond (March 7, 2014). "mdoc considered harmful". Groff Mailing List. Archived from the original on October 3, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2020. {{cite web}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; September 18, 2019 suggested (help)
Joanna Rutkowska (October 2015). "Intel x86 considered harmful" (PDF).
Drew DeVault (November 2016). "Electron considered Harmful". See Electron (software framework).
Alex North-Keys (January 2016). "Commandname Extensions Considered Harmful". talisman.org. See Filename extension.
Alexander Rush (January 2019). "Tensor Considered Harmful". Harvard NLP. See Tensor (machine learning).
Donald A. Norman (July 2005). "Human-centered design considered harmful". Interactions. 12 (4): 14–19. doi:10.1145/1070960.1070976. S2CID 1698853. See Human-centered design.

References

^ "Miscellaneous - Considered Harmful". Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2009.
^ Mark Liberman (April 8, 2008). "Language Log: Considered harmful". Retrieved August 17, 2009.
^ Edsger Dijkstra (March 1968). "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 11 (3): 147–148. doi:10.1145/362929.362947. S2CID 17469809. The unbridled use of the go to statement has as an immediate consequence that it becomes terribly hard to find a meaningful set of coordinates in which to describe the process progress. ... The go to statement as it stands is just too primitive, it is too much an invitation to make a mess of one's program.
^ Dijkstra, Edsger W. EWD-215 (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription)
^ David R. Tribble (February 2005). "Goto Statement Considered Harmful: A Retrospective".
^ Dijkstra, Edsger W. What led to "Notes on Structured Programming" (EWD-1308) (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription) (June, 2001)
^ Kanada, Yasumasa (2005), "Events and Sightings: An obituary of Eiichi Goto", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 27 (3): 92, doi:10.1109/MAHC.2005.37, S2CID 675701
^ Frank Rubin (March 1987). ""GOTO Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 30 (3): 195–196. doi:10.1145/214748.315722. S2CID 6853038. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2009.
^ Donald Moore; Chuck Musciano; Michael J. Liebhaber; Steven F. Lott; Lee Starr (May 1987). "" 'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful?" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 30 (5): 351–355. doi:10.1145/22899.315729. S2CID 42951740.
^ Dijkstra, Edsger W. On a Somewhat Disappointing Correspondence (EWD-1009) (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription) (May, 1987)
^ "Cat-v.org Random Contrarian Insurgent Organization". cat-v.org.

[1] "Miscellaneous - Considered Harmful". Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 17, 2009.

[liberman-2] Mark Liberman (April 8, 2008). "Language Log: Considered harmful". Retrieved August 17, 2009.

[dijkstra1968-3] Edsger Dijkstra (March 1968). "Go To Statement Considered Harmful" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 11 (3): 147–148. doi:10.1145/362929.362947. S2CID 17469809. The unbridled use of the go to statement has as an immediate consequence that it becomes terribly hard to find a meaningful set of coordinates in which to describe the process progress. ... The go to statement as it stands is just too primitive, it is too much an invitation to make a mess of one's program.

[ewd215-4] Dijkstra, Edsger W. EWD-215 (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription)

[5] David R. Tribble (February 2005). "Goto Statement Considered Harmful: A Retrospective".

[6] Dijkstra, Edsger W. What led to "Notes on Structured Programming" (EWD-1308) (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription) (June, 2001)

[7] Kanada, Yasumasa (2005), "Events and Sightings: An obituary of Eiichi Goto", IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 27 (3): 92, doi:10.1109/MAHC.2005.37, S2CID 675701

[rubin87goto-8] Frank Rubin (March 1987). ""GOTO Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 30 (3): 195–196. doi:10.1145/214748.315722. S2CID 6853038. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 20, 2009.

[acm_may87-9] Donald Moore; Chuck Musciano; Michael J. Liebhaber; Steven F. Lott; Lee Starr (May 1987). "" 'GOTO Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful?" (PDF). Communications of the ACM. 30 (5): 351–355. doi:10.1145/22899.315729. S2CID 42951740.

[ewd1009-10] Dijkstra, Edsger W. On a Somewhat Disappointing Correspondence (EWD-1009) (PDF). E.W. Dijkstra Archive. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. (transcription) (May, 1987)

[11] "Cat-v.org Random Contrarian Insurgent Organization". cat-v.org.

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@@ Line 51: / Line 51: @@
 * {{cite web | url = http://www.win.tue.nl/hashclash/rogue-ca/ | title = MD5 considered harmful today - Creating a rogue CA certificate|author1=Alexander Sotirov |author2=Marc Stevens |author3=Jacob Appelbaum |author4=Arjen Lenstra |author5=David Molnar |author6=Dag Arne Osvik |author7=Benne de Weger |date=December 2008}}
 * {{cite book | chapter-url = https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/1518701.1518835 | chapter = Ethnography considered harmful | author = Andy Crabtree; Tom Rodden; Peter Tolmie; Graham Button  | title = Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems | date=April 2009| pages = 879–888 | doi = 10.1145/1518701.1518835 | isbn = 9781605582467 | s2cid = 13646185 }}
-* {{cite web | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-itojun-v6ops-v4mapped-harmful-02 | title = IPv4-Mapped Addresses on the Wire Considered Harmful | author = Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino |date=October 2003}}
+* {{cite web | url = http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-itojun-v6ops-v4mapped-harmful-02 | title = IPv4-Mapped Addresses on the Wire Considered Harmful|website=IETF Internet-Draft | author = Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino |date=October 2003}}
-*Cory J. Kapser and Michael W. Godfrey (October 2006), "'Cloning Considered Harmful' Considered Harmful". doi:10.1109/WCRE.2006.1
+*{{cite conference |last1=Kapser |first1=Cory |last2=Godfrey |first2=Michael W. |title="Cloning Considered Harmful" Considered Harmful |conference=2006 13th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering |date=October 2006 |pages=19–28 |doi=10.1109/WCRE.2006.1}}
 * {{cite web | url = https://ewontfix.com/11/ | title = NULL considered harmful | author = Rich Felker (a.k.a. 'dalias') | date=July 2013 | accessdate = January 25, 2020}} See [[C (programming language)]].
-* {{cite web | url = http://blog.nasm.si.edu/space/star-trek-considered-harmful/ | title = Star Trek Considered Harmful | author = Paul Ceruzzi |date=June 2015}}
+* {{cite web | url = http://blog.nasm.si.edu/space/star-trek-considered-harmful/ | title = Star Trek Considered Harmful | author = Paul Ceruzzi |date=June 2015|website=National Air and Space Museum}}
-* {{cite web | url = http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-devel/200802/msg00072.html | title = GnuTLS Considered Harmful | author = Howard Chu | date=February 2008}}
+* {{cite web | url = http://www.openldap.org/lists/openldap-devel/200802/msg00072.html | title = GnuTLS Considered Harmful | author = Howard Chu | date=February 2008|website=LDAP Mailing List}}
-* {{cite web | url = https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2014-03/msg00086.html | title = mdoc considered harmful | author = [[Eric S. Raymond]] | date=March 7, 2014 | accessdate=October 4, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190918180405/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2014-03/msg00086.html | archive-date = 2020-10-03 | url-status = live}}
+* {{cite web | url = https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2014-03/msg00086.html | title = mdoc considered harmful | author = [[Eric S. Raymond]] | date=March 7, 2014 | accessdate=October 4, 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190918180405/https://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/groff/2014-03/msg00086.html | archive-date = 2020-10-03 | url-status = live|website=Groff Mailing List}}
 * {{cite web | url = https://blog.invisiblethings.org/papers/2015/x86_harmful.pdf | title = Intel x86 considered harmful | author = Joanna Rutkowska | date=October 2015}}
-* {{cite web | url = https://drewdevault.com/2016/11/24/Electron-considered-harmful.html | title = Electron considered Harmful | author = Drew DeVault | date=November 2016}}
+* {{cite web | url = https://drewdevault.com/2016/11/24/Electron-considered-harmful.html | title = Electron considered Harmful | author = Drew DeVault | date=November 2016}} See [[Electron (software framework)]].
-* {{cite web | url = https://www.talisman.org/~erlkonig/documents/commandname-extensions-considered-harmful/ | title = Commandname Extensions Considered Harmful | author = Alex North-Keys | date=January 2016}}
+* {{cite web | url = https://www.talisman.org/~erlkonig/documents/commandname-extensions-considered-harmful/ | title = Commandname Extensions Considered Harmful | author = Alex North-Keys | date=January 2016|website=talisman.org}} See [[Filename extension]].
-* {{cite web | url = http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/NamedTensor | title = Tensor Considered Harmful | author = Alexander Rush | date=January 2019}}
+* {{cite web | url = http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/NamedTensor | title = Tensor Considered Harmful | author = Alexander Rush | date=January 2019|website=Harvard NLP}} See [[Tensor (machine learning)]].
-* {{cite journal |author=Donald A. Norman | author-link=Don Norman |title=Human-centered design considered harmful |journal=[[ACM Interactions|Interactions]] |date=July 2005 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=14–19 |doi=10.1145/1070960.1070976| s2cid=1698853 }}
+* {{cite journal |author=Donald A. Norman | author-link=Don Norman |title=Human-centered design considered harmful |journal=[[ACM Interactions|Interactions]] |date=July 2005 |volume=12 |issue=4 |pages=14–19 |doi=10.1145/1070960.1070976| s2cid=1698853 }} See [[Human-centered design]].
 ==References==