Ibagué: Difference between revisions

Ibagué
Ibagué
Municipio
	From the top: Panorama of Ibagué from the east, Ibagué's city hall, Governorate of Tolima, Ocobos flowered in front of the Cathedral of Ibague and Art Museum of Tolima.
	Flag Seal
	Nickname: Ciudad musical de Colombia (Musical city of Colombia)
	Location of the city of Ibagué in Tolima.
	Ibagué Location in Colombia
	Coordinates: 4°26′N 75°14′W / 4.433°N 75.233°W
Country	Colombia
Region	Andean Region
Department	Department of Tolima
Foundation	14 October 1550
Government
• Mayor	Andrés Hurtado
Area
• Municipio	1,498 km2 (578 sq mi)
• Urban	47.96 km2 (18.52 sq mi)
Elevation	1,285 m (4,216 ft)
Population (2018)
• Municipio	529,635
• Urban	492,554
• Urban density	10,000/km2 (27,000/sq mi)
• Rural	37,081
Demonym(s)	Ibaguereño, ibaguereña
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern Time Zone)
Postal code	730001-730019
Area code	57 + 8
Website	ibague.gov.co (in Spanish)

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Ibagué (Spanish pronunciation: [iβaˈɣe]) (referred to as San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas during the Spanish period) is the capital of Tolima, one of the 32 departments that make up the Republic of Colombia.^[3] The city is located in the center of the country, on the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, near Nevado del Tolima. It is one of the most populous cities in the country, with a population of 492,554 (according to the 2018 census), making it the eleventh most populous in Colombia,^[4] and with a population of 529,625 in the municipality. It was founded on 14 October 1550, by the Spanish captain Andrés López de Galarza. The city of Ibagué is divided into 13 communes and the rural area has 17 corregimientos.^[5] As the capital of the department of Tolima the city hosts the Government of Tolima, the Departmental Assembly, and the Attorney General's Office. It is the main epicenter of political, economic, administrative, business, art, culture, and tourism activities in the area.

Ibagué maintains one of the major urban economies of Colombia and could grow in prominence within South America^[6] with its development potential and competitive national and international business centers, industry, and infrastructure. It is one of three cities in the country chosen by the World Trade Center Association (WTCA) to build headquarters along with Cali,^[7] adding to the one existing in Bogotá. The economy of Ibagué is based primarily on the industrial, tourism, and agricultural sectors, with its textile industry^[8] being the third largest in Colombia.^[9] According to "Doing Business" from the World Bank in Washington DC, Ibagué tops the ranking of the cities with greater ease of doing business and investment in the country after Manizales.^[10] The city is also part of the Colombian coffee growing axis.

The city is known as "The Musical Capital of Colombia and America", thanks to the Conservatory of Tolima^[11] (one of the most prestigious and important in Colombia),^[12] folklore festivities,^[13] and its many monuments referring to music. The city's main educational institutions are the University of Tolima, the University of Ibagué, the Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) and the Conservatory of Tolima.

History

Ibagué was founded by Andrés López de Galarza on 14 October 1550, as "Villa de San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas" ("Town of Saint Boniface of Ibagué of the Valley of the Spears") in a nearby location where now lies the urban area of the neighboring municipality of Cajamarca about 42 km (26 miles) to the west of Ibagué's current whereabouts. The indigenous Pijaos commanded by cacique Ibagué were not fond of Spaniards colonizing the area so the city was re-founded in its current location on 7 February 1551. ^{[citation needed]}

From April to December 1854, Ibagué was briefly the capital of the New Granada following a coup d'etat promoted by general José María Melo. In 1908, when the department of Tolima was created, Ibagué was designated as its capital. The University of Tolima was founded in 1945, and was raised to state university status in 1954. The city is also the home of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ibagué.

Geography

Ibagué is located in the Colombian Andean region, in the center of the department of Tolima, surrounded by mountains on all sides with the exception of a plateau which extends to the east.

Volcanism

Ibagué lies within the Andean Volcanic Belt. It has two active volcanoes in its immediate vicinity: the Nevado del Tolima, 28 km (17 mi) NW of the city, and the Cerro Machín, 17 km (11 mi) west of the city center but still within the Municipality of Ibagué. The city is one access point to Los Nevados National Park, the other being Manizales.

Cerro Machín has been dormant for the last 800 years, but seismological activity has been registered recently causing several earthquakes. The volcano is classified as "III – Changes in behavior of volcanic activity" by Ingeominas, the Colombian Institute for Geology and Mining.^[14] A map of menaced areas has been published indicating that in the event of an eruption the city of Ibagué would not be affected despite its proximity to the volcano.^[15]

Demographics

The total population of the municipality of Ibagué (including urban and rural areas), according to the 2018 census, was 529,635 inhabitants, of which 492,554 resided in the urban area.^[16]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Municipal transport is managed by several local bus companies that operate minibuses throughout the city and to neighboring villages.

Ibagué lies at the intersection of national roads 40 and 43, connecting the city to Magdalena River Valley and Bogotá to the east, Armenia and the Valle del Cauca to the west, and Honda to the north. There is a long distance bus terminal with connections to most big cities in Colombia. There are frequent connections to Bogotá, Cali, Medellín, and several overnight buses to Cartagena, Barranquilla, and seasonal services to Santa Marta.

About 10 km (6 mi) east of the city lies Perales Airport which has several flights a day to Bogotá and Medellín.

Climate

Ibagué features a tropical rainforest climate under the Köppen climate classification, albeit a relatively cooler version of the climate due to the high altitude. Although the city does experience noticeably drier conditions during and around the months of January and July, the city has no true dry season month, as all twelve months see on average more than 60 mm (2.4 in) of rain. As is commonplace in areas with this climate, temperatures are relatively consistent throughout the course of the year in Ibagué, with average high temperatures of about 28 °C or 82.4 °F and average low temperatures of about 18 °C or 64.4 °F. On average Ibagué sees 1,700 mm (66.9 in) of rain annually.

Climate data for Ibagué, Colombia (Perales Airport) 1981-2010
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	34.4 (93.9)	35.4 (95.7)	34.4 (93.9)	34.2 (93.6)	33.2 (91.8)	33.6 (92.5)	35.0 (95.0)	36.4 (97.5)	36.0 (96.8)	34.8 (94.6)	31.9 (89.4)	34.2 (93.6)	36.4 (97.5)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	28.8 (83.8)	29.1 (84.4)	28.8 (83.8)	28.2 (82.8)	28.2 (82.8)	28.9 (84.0)	29.8 (85.6)	30.8 (87.4)	29.9 (85.8)	28.2 (82.8)	27.5 (81.5)	28.0 (82.4)	28.8 (83.8)
Daily mean °C (°F)	23.8 (74.8)	24.2 (75.6)	24.0 (75.2)	23.7 (74.7)	23.8 (74.8)	24.1 (75.4)	24.5 (76.1)	25.2 (77.4)	24.6 (76.3)	23.5 (74.3)	23.1 (73.6)	23.3 (73.9)	24.0 (75.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.8 (65.8)	19.3 (66.7)	19.3 (66.7)	19.3 (66.7)	19.3 (66.7)	19.1 (66.4)	18.9 (66.0)	19.2 (66.6)	19.0 (66.2)	19.0 (66.2)	19.0 (66.2)	18.9 (66.0)	19.1 (66.4)
Record low °C (°F)	15.3 (59.5)	15.2 (59.4)	14.8 (58.6)	15.6 (60.1)	16.2 (61.2)	15.2 (59.4)	15.2 (59.4)	10.6 (51.1)	14.4 (57.9)	16.0 (60.8)	15.2 (59.4)	15.4 (59.7)	10.6 (51.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	86.5 (3.41)	109.1 (4.30)	138.2 (5.44)	227.1 (8.94)	228.2 (8.98)	110.6 (4.35)	75.9 (2.99)	78.2 (3.08)	149.9 (5.90)	205.6 (8.09)	173.7 (6.84)	108.6 (4.28)	1,691.6 (66.6)
Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm)	12	13	16	20	19	12	10	10	14	19	19	14	178
Average relative humidity (%)	77	77	79	81	81	77	70	66	72	80	83	81	77
Mean monthly sunshine hours	179.8	144.1	139.5	138.0	155.0	168.0	192.2	195.3	180.0	158.1	141.0	164.3	1,955.3
Mean daily sunshine hours	5.8	5.1	4.5	4.6	5.0	5.6	6.2	6.3	6.0	5.1	4.7	5.3	5.3
Source: Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales^[17]^[18]^[19]

Neighborhoods

Licapeña

Notable people

Sports

The Colombian Football Association announced that Ibagué will be one of the venue cities to host the 2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup,^[21] although in the end it was not designated as the venue for the sporting event.^[22]

Twin towns – sister cities

Ibagué is twinned with:^[23]

Chengdu, China
Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

References

^ City of Ibagué (Tolima). Mycities.co. Retrieved 2 June 2014
^ https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "What are the departments of Colombia". colombiainfo.org. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
^ https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "mapa de comunas de ibague" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "world trade center ibague" (in Spanish). 2010.
^ "world trade center Colombia" (in Spanish). 2010.
^ colombianparadise (2010). "economía de ibague" (in Spanish).
^ El tiempo (2010). "ibague,ciudad de la confeccion" (in Spanish).
^ ibague es la segunda ciudad negociante del país (2010). "ibague seuna ciudad finanicera y de negocios del pais/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf" (in Spanish).
^ conservatorio de ibague (2010). "conservatorio de ibague" (in Spanish).
^ conservatorio del tolima (2010). "conservatorio del tolima" (in Spanish).
^ reinado nacional del folclor (2010). "reinado nacional del folclor" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
^ "Ingeominas" (in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 1 August 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
^ "Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín" (in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
^ https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
^ "Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
^ "Tiempo y Clima" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
^ "Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'", El Espectador, 29 September 2008 (in Spanish).
^ "Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016". fcf.com.co/. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.
^ "Cali, Medellín y Bucaramanga, sedes del Mundial de Futsal". 29 January 2016.
^ "Menu: International cooperation". ibaguecreativa.gov.co. Ibagué Creativa. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

External links

El Nuevo Día (local journal)
ElOlfato.com (digital magazine)
Ecos del Combeima (local radio station and digital radio)
Ondas de Ibagué (local radio station and digital radio)
Media related to Ibagué at Wikimedia Commons
Ibagué travel guide from Wikivoyage

[1] City of Ibagué (Tolima). Mycities.co. Retrieved 2 June 2014

[2] ttps://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}

[3] "What are the departments of Colombia". colombiainfo.org. Retrieved 23 March 2015.

[4] ttps://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}

[5] "mapa de comunas de ibague" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2010.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[6] "world trade center ibague" (in Spanish). 2010.

[7] "world trade center Colombia" (in Spanish). 2010.

[8] radise (2010). "economía de ibague" (in Spanish).

[9] El tiempo (2010). "ibague,ciudad de la confeccion" (in Spanish).

[10] ue es la segunda ciudad negociante del país (2010). "ibague seuna ciudad finanicera y de negocios del pais/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf" (in Spanish).

[11] servatorio de ibague (2010). "conservatorio de ibague" (in Spanish).

[12] servatorio del tolima (2010). "conservatorio del tolima" (in Spanish).

[13] reinado nacional del folclor (2010). "reinado nacional del folclor" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 22 May 2013.

[14] "Ingeominas" (in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 1 August 2009. Archived from the original on 26 June 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2009.

[15] "Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín" (in Spanish). Manizales, Colombia: Ingeominas. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2009.

[16] ttps://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}

[IDEAM1-17] "Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

[IDEAM2-18] "Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

[19] "Tiempo y Clima" (in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.

[20] "Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'", El Espectador, 29 September 2008 (in Spanish).

[21] "Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016". fcf.com.co/. 28 May 2013. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013.

[22] "Cali, Medellín y Bucaramanga, sedes del Mundial de Futsal". 29 January 2016.

[23] "Menu: International cooperation". ibaguecreativa.gov.co. Ibagué Creativa. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2019}}
+{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2023}}
 {{Infobox settlement
 | official_name                   = Ibagué
 | settlement_type                 = [[Municipalities of Colombia|Municipio]]
-| nickname                        = ''Ciudad musical de Colombia'' (Musical city of Colombia)<ref>[http://www.mycities.co/colombia/city_ibague_.html  City of Ibagué (Tolima)]. ''Mycities.co''. Retrieved June 2, 2014</ref>
+| nickname                        = ''Ciudad musical de Colombia'' (Musical city of Colombia)<ref>[http://www.mycities.co/colombia/city_ibague_.html  City of Ibagué (Tolima)]. ''Mycities.co''. Retrieved 2 June 2014</ref>
 | motto                           =
 | image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage
@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 | leader_name                     = Andrés Hurtado
 | established_title               = Foundation
-| established_date                = October 14, 1550
+| established_date                = {{Start date|1550|10|14|df=yes}}
 | area_magnitude                  =
 | area_total_km2                  = 1498
@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 }}
-'''Ibagué'''  ({{IPA-es|iβaˈɣe}}) (referred to as '''San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas''' during the [[New Kingdom of Granada|Spanish]] period) is the capital of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], one of the 32 departments that make up the [[Republic of Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=What are the departments of Colombia|url=http://www.colombiainfo.org/en-us/colombia/departments.aspx|website=colombiainfo.org|access-date=March 23, 2015}}</ref> The city is located in the center of the country, on the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, near [[Nevado del Tolima]]. It is one of the most populous cities in the country, with a population of 492,554 (according to the 2018 census), making it the eleventh most populous in Colombia,<ref>https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> and with a population of 529,625 in the municipality. It was founded on October 14, 1550, by the Spanish captain Andrés López de Galarza. The city of Ibagué is divided into 13 communes and the rural area has 17 [[Corregimientos of Colombia|corregimientos]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://alcaldiadeibague.gov.co/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf|title= mapa de comunas de ibague|year= 2010|language= es}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As the capital of the department of Tolima the city hosts the Government of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], the Departmental Assembly, and the Attorney General's Office. It is the main epicenter of political, economic, [[administration (government)|administrative]], business, art, culture, and tourism activities in the area.
+'''Ibagué'''  ({{IPA-es|iβaˈɣe}}) (referred to as '''San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas''' during the [[New Kingdom of Granada|Spanish]] period) is the capital of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], one of the 32 departments that make up the [[Republic of Colombia]].<ref>{{cite web|title=What are the departments of Colombia|url=http://www.colombiainfo.org/en-us/colombia/departments.aspx|website=colombiainfo.org|access-date=23 March 2015}}</ref> The city is located in the center of the country, on the central mountain range of the Colombian Andes, near [[Nevado del Tolima]]. It is one of the most populous cities in the country, with a population of 492,554 (according to the 2018 census), making it the eleventh most populous in Colombia,<ref>https://www.dane.gov.co/files/varios/informacion-capital-DANE-2019.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> and with a population of 529,625 in the municipality. It was founded on 14 October 1550, by the Spanish captain Andrés López de Galarza. The city of Ibagué is divided into 13 communes and the rural area has 17 [[Corregimientos of Colombia|corregimientos]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://alcaldiadeibague.gov.co/web2/joomla/documentos/mapa_comunas.pdf|title= mapa de comunas de ibague|year= 2010|language= es}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> As the capital of the department of Tolima the city hosts the Government of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]], the Departmental Assembly, and the Attorney General's Office. It is the main epicenter of political, economic, [[administration (government)|administrative]], business, art, culture, and tourism activities in the area.
 Ibagué maintains one of the major urban economies of [[Colombia]] and could grow in prominence within South America<ref>{{cite web
@@ Line 90: / Line 90: @@
 |year=2010
 |author= conservatorio del tolima
-|language=es}}</ref> folklore festivities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festivalfolclorico.com/es/el-festival/reinados/nacional/|title=reinado nacional del folclor|year=2010|author=reinado nacional del folclor|language=es|access-date=May 22, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619083158/http://festivalfolclorico.com/es/el-festival/reinados/nacional|archive-date=June 19, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and its many monuments referring to music. The city's main educational institutions are the [[University of Tolima]], the [[University of Ibagué]], the [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] (UNAD) and the Conservatory of Tolima.
+|language=es}}</ref> folklore festivities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festivalfolclorico.com/es/el-festival/reinados/nacional/|title=reinado nacional del folclor|year=2010|author=reinado nacional del folclor|language=es|access-date=22 May 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619083158/http://festivalfolclorico.com/es/el-festival/reinados/nacional|archive-date=19 June 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> and its many monuments referring to music. The city's main educational institutions are the [[University of Tolima]], the [[University of Ibagué]], the [[Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia]] (UNAD) and the Conservatory of Tolima.
 ==History==
-Ibagué was founded by Andrés López de Galarza on October 14 of 1550, as "Villa de San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas" ("Town of Saint Boniface of Ibagué of the Valley of the Spears") in a nearby location where now lies the urban area of the neighboring municipality of [[Cajamarca, Tolima|Cajamarca]] about {{convert|42|km|0|abbr=in}} to the west of Ibagué's current whereabouts. The indigenous [[Pijaos]] commanded by [[cacique]] Ibagué were not fond of Spaniards colonizing the area so the city was re-founded in its current location on February 7, 1551. {{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
+Ibagué was founded by Andrés López de Galarza on 14 October 1550, as "Villa de San Bonifacio de Ibagué del Valle de las Lanzas" ("Town of Saint Boniface of Ibagué of the Valley of the Spears") in a nearby location where now lies the urban area of the neighboring municipality of [[Cajamarca, Tolima|Cajamarca]] about {{convert|42|km|0|abbr=in}} to the west of Ibagué's current whereabouts. The indigenous [[Pijaos]] commanded by [[cacique]] Ibagué were not fond of Spaniards colonizing the area so the city was re-founded in its current location on 7 February 1551. {{citation needed|date=May 2021}}
 From April to December 1854, Ibagué was briefly the capital of the [[Republic of New Granada|New Granada]] following a coup d'etat promoted by general [[José María Melo]]. In 1908, when the department of [[Tolima Department|Tolima]] was created, Ibagué was designated as its capital. The [[University of Tolima]] was founded in 1945, and was raised to state university status in 1954. The city is also the home of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ibagué]].
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 Ibagué lies within the [[Andean Volcanic Belt]]. It has two active volcanoes in its immediate vicinity: the [[Nevado del Tolima]], {{convert|28|km|0|abbr=on}} NW of the city, and the [[Cerro Machín]], {{convert|17|km|0|abbr=on}} west of the city center but still within the Municipality of Ibagué. The city is one access point to [[Los Nevados]] National Park, the other being [[Manizales]].
-Cerro Machín has been dormant for the last 800 years, but seismological activity has been registered recently causing several earthquakes. The volcano is classified as "III – Changes in behavior of volcanic activity" by Ingeominas, the Colombian Institute for Geology and Mining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ingeominas |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Página_Principal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626201352/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/P%C3%A1gina_Principal |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 26, 2007 |date=August 1, 2009 |publisher=Ingeominas |access-date=August 13, 2009 |language=es |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref> A map of menaced areas has been published indicating that in the event of an eruption the city of Ibagué would not be affected despite its proximity to the volcano.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Machín |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013025243/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Mach%C3%ADn |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 13, 2008 |date=December 9, 2008 |publisher=Ingeominas |access-date=August 13, 2009 |language=es |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref>
+Cerro Machín has been dormant for the last 800 years, but seismological activity has been registered recently causing several earthquakes. The volcano is classified as "III – Changes in behavior of volcanic activity" by Ingeominas, the Colombian Institute for Geology and Mining.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ingeominas |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Página_Principal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626201352/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/P%C3%A1gina_Principal |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 June 2007 |date=1 August 2009 |publisher=Ingeominas |access-date=13 August 2009 |language=es |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref> A map of menaced areas has been published indicating that in the event of an eruption the city of Ibagué would not be affected despite its proximity to the volcano.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapa de amenaza del Cerro Machín |url=http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Machín |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013025243/http://intranet.ingeominas.gov.co/manizales/Mapa_de_Amenaza_del_Cerro_Mach%C3%ADn |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2008 |date=9 December 2008 |publisher=Ingeominas |access-date=13 August 2009 |language=es |location=Manizales, Colombia }}</ref>
 ==Demographics==
@@ Line 258: / Line 258: @@
  |url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1981+-+2010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025712/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%20Climatol%C3%B3gicos%20%201981%20-%202010.xlsx/f28d0b07-1208-4a46-8ccf-bddd70fb4128
- |archive-date=August 15, 2016
+ |archive-date=15 August 2016
  |title=Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010
  |publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
  |language=es
- |access-date=August 16, 2016
+ |access-date=16 August 2016
  |url-status=dead
 }}</ref><ref name=IDEAM2>{{cite web
  |url=http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios+Climatol%C3%B3gicos++1971+-+2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af
  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030409/http://www.ideam.gov.co/documents/21021/553571/Promedios%2BClimatol%C3%B3gicos%2B%2B1971%2B-%2B2000.xlsx/7358269a-2856-442c-8d41-fe076f0361af
- |archive-date=August 15, 2016
+ |archive-date=15 August 2016
  |title=Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000
  |publisher=Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
  |language=es
- |access-date=August 16, 2016
+ |access-date=16 August 2016
  |url-status=dead
 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160815030620/http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/tiempo-y-clima/clima
-| archive-date = August 15, 2016
+| archive-date = 15 August 2016
 | title = Tiempo y Clima
 | publisher = Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
 | language = es
-| access-date = August 16, 2016}}</ref>
+| access-date = 16 August 2016}}</ref>
 |date=August 2010
 }}
@@ Line 291: / Line 291: @@
 ==Notable people==
 *[[Andres Marin]], competitive ice climber
-*[[Dario Ortiz (artist)|Darío Ortiz Robledo]], artist<ref>[http://www.elespectador.com/entretenimiento/arteygente/articulo-dario-ortiz-abrio-su-ventana-al-mundo "Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'"], ''[[El Espectador]]'', September 29, 2008 {{in lang|es}}.</ref>
+*[[Dario Ortiz (artist)|Darío Ortiz Robledo]], artist<ref>[http://www.elespectador.com/entretenimiento/arteygente/articulo-dario-ortiz-abrio-su-ventana-al-mundo "Darío Ortiz abrió su 'Ventana al Mundo'"], ''[[El Espectador]]'', 29 September 2008 {{in lang|es}}.</ref>
 *[[Óscar Escandón]], [[Boxing|boxer]]
 *[[Jairo Alberto Bocanegra Pena]], singer
@@ Line 301: / Line 301: @@
 ==Sports==
 {{Update|section|date=June 2020}}
-The Colombian Football Association announced that Ibagué will be one of the venue cities to host the [[2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670:copa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4:&Itemid=296 |title=Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016 |publisher=fcf.com.co/ |date=May 28, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012230/http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670%3Acopa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4%3A&Itemid=296 |archive-date=December 3, 2013 }}</ref> although in the end it was not designated as the venue for the sporting event.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-16495235#:~:text=As%C3%AD%20las%20cosas%2C%20Cali%2C%20Medell%C3%ADn,y%20el%201%20de%20octubre | title=Cali, Medellín y Bucaramanga, sedes del Mundial de Futsal | date=January 29, 2016 }}</ref>
+The Colombian Football Association announced that Ibagué will be one of the venue cities to host the [[2016 FIFA Futsal World Cup]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670:copa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4:&Itemid=296 |title=Copa Mundial de Futsal de la FIFA se jugará en Colombia en 2016 |publisher=fcf.com.co/ |date=28 May 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012230/http://fcf.com.co/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4670%3Acopa-mundial-de-futsal-de-la-fifa-se-jugara-en-colombia-en-2016&catid=4%3A&Itemid=296 |archive-date=3 December 2013 }}</ref> although in the end it was not designated as the venue for the sporting event.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-16495235#:~:text=As%C3%AD%20las%20cosas%2C%20Cali%2C%20Medell%C3%ADn,y%20el%201%20de%20octubre | title=Cali, Medellín y Bucaramanga, sedes del Mundial de Futsal | date=29 January 2016 }}</ref>
 ==Twin towns – sister cities==

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