Brule County, South Dakota: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox U.S. county |
{{Infobox U.S. county |
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| county = Brule County |
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| state = South Dakota |
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| ex image = |
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| ex image cap = Statue of Dignity above the [[Missouri River]], [[Chamberlain, South Dakota|Chamberlain]] |
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| seal = |
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| founded year = 1875 (created)<br/>1879 (organized) |
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| seat wl = Chamberlain |
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| largest city wl = Chamberlain |
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| area_total_sq_mi = 846 |
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| area_land_sq_mi = 817 |
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| area_water_sq_mi = 29 |
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| area percentage = 3.5 |
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| population_as_of = 2020 |
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| population_total = 5247 |
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| pop_est_as_of = 2022 |
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| population_est = 5321 {{increase}} |
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| population_density_sq_mi = auto |
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| time zone = Central |
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| web = www.brulecounty.org |
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| named for = [[Brulé]] subtribe of [[Lakota people]] |
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| district = At-large |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Brule County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[South Dakota]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 5,247.<ref name=QF>{{cite web|title= |
'''Brule County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[South Dakota]]. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 5,247.<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/brulecountysouthdakota/PST045222 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 8, 2023}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Chamberlain, South Dakota|Chamberlain]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Brule County was created on January 14, 1875, of territory partitioned from [[Charles Mix County]]. Its governing structure was also created at that time. However, in May 1875, Brule County was withdrawn from settlement, by order of US President Grant.<ref>Dakota Territory Laws 1874, 11th session, Chapter 31, p. 73</ref> This order was later annulled, and the organization of Brule County governing structure was completed in September 1879.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|title=Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies|website=Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries|publisher=The [[Newberry Library]]|date=2006|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402202102/http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
Brule County was created on January 14, 1875, of territory partitioned from [[Charles Mix County]]. Its governing structure was also created at that time. However, in May 1875, Brule County was withdrawn from settlement, by order of US President Grant.<ref>Dakota Territory Laws 1874, 11th session, Chapter 31, p. 73</ref> This order was later annulled, and the organization of Brule County governing structure was completed in September 1879.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|title=Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies|website=Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries|publisher=The [[Newberry Library]]|date=2006|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-date=April 2, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180402202102/http://publications.newberry.org/ahcbp/documents/DAKs_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> |
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On March 9, 1883, the area of Brule County was slightly increased by an addition of former [[Buffalo County, South Dakota|Buffalo County]] lands.<ref>Dakota Territory Laws 1883, 15th session, chapter 14, p. 24</ref> The total area of Brule County was further increased on June 4, 1891, when American Island (in the Missouri River)<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brule+County,+SD/@43.6473222,-99.4359775,21280m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x878682ba6bfe8d37:0xcfd44375afea26fb!8m2!3d43.6572515!4d-99.1013498 ''"place" Brule County SD'' Google Maps (accessed |
On March 9, 1883, the area of Brule County was slightly increased by an addition of former [[Buffalo County, South Dakota|Buffalo County]] lands.<ref>Dakota Territory Laws 1883, 15th session, chapter 14, p. 24</ref> The total area of Brule County was further increased on June 4, 1891, when American Island (in the Missouri River)<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Brule+County,+SD/@43.6473222,-99.4359775,21280m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x878682ba6bfe8d37:0xcfd44375afea26fb!8m2!3d43.6572515!4d-99.1013498 ''"place" Brule County SD'' Google Maps (accessed January 30, 2019)]</ref> was attached to the county (from the Sioux Reservation).<ref>South Dakota Laws 1891, 2nd session, chapter 45, p. 106</ref> Its boundaries have remained unchanged since that date. |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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The [[Missouri River]] flows southward along the western boundary line of Brule County. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, partially dedicated to agriculture. The county has a total area of {{convert|846|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|817|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|29|sqmi}} (3.5%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_46.txt|publisher= |
The [[Missouri River]] flows southward along the western boundary line of Brule County. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, partially dedicated to agriculture. The county has a total area of {{convert|846|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|817|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|29|sqmi}} (3.5%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/counties_list_46.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 22, 2015|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files}}</ref> |
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===Major highways=== |
===Major highways=== |
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|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> |
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> |
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|align-fn=center |
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|footnote= |
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref><br>1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/sd190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref><br>1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=March 22, 2015}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name=QF/> |
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===2020 census=== |
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As of the [[census]] of 2020, there were 5,247 people. |
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As of the [[2000 United States Census]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=May 14, 2011|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> there were 5,364 people, 1,998 households, and 1,328 families in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|6|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people |people|}}. There were 2,272 housing units at an average density of {{convert|3|/mi2|/km2|adj=pre|units }}. The racial makeup of the county was 89.91% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 0.26% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 8.28% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.48% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Race (United States Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.06% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.99% from two or more races. 0.48% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race. 39.6% were of [[German people|German]], 9.5% [[Czech people|Czech]], 8.6% [[Norwegian people|Norwegian]], 7.8% [[Irish American|Irish]] and 6.6% [[United States]] or American ancestry. |
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There were 1,998 households, out of which 31.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.20% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.50% were non-families. 29.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.49 and the average family size was 3.14. |
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The county population contained 30.50% under the age of 18, 6.80% from 18 to 24, 24.70% from 25 to 44, 21.20% from 45 to 64, and 16.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 93.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males. |
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The median income for a household in the county was $32,370, and the median income for a family was $37,361. Males had a median income of $26,698 versus $20,094 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $14,874. About 8.10% of families and 14.30% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.30% of those under age 18 and 20.20% of those age 65 or over. |
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===2010 census=== |
===2010 census=== |
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As of the [[ |
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 5,255 people, 2,136 households, and 1,375 families in the county. The population density was {{convert|6.4|PD/sqmi}}. There were 2,433 housing units at an average density of {{convert|3.0|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units |units|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 88.4% white, 8.5% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 51.7% were [[Germans|German]], 11.7% were [[Irish people|Irish]], 11.5% were [[Czechs|Czech]], 10.9% were [[Norwegians|Norwegian]], 6.2% were [[English people|English]], and 1.3% were [[Americans|American]]. |
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Of the 2,136 households, 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were non-families, and 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.03. The median age was 41.3 years. |
Of the 2,136 households, 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were non-families, and 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.03. The median age was 41.3 years. |
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The median income for a household in the county was $48,277 and the median income for a family was $58,363. Males had a median income of $33,958 versus $25,051 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,779. About 9.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. |
The median income for a household in the county was $48,277 and the median income for a family was $58,363. Males had a median income of $33,958 versus $25,051 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,779. About 9.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over. |
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==Communities== |
==Communities== |
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===Unincorporated community=== |
===Unincorporated community=== |
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* Grandview<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Grandview,+SD+57325/@43.6438859,-99.3057972,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8781494ba713abef:0xb82a84ed5beec1a2!8m2!3d43.6438867!4d-99.2970424 ''Grandview SD'' Google Maps (accessed |
* Grandview<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Grandview,+SD+57325/@43.6438859,-99.3057972,15z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8781494ba713abef:0xb82a84ed5beec1a2!8m2!3d43.6438867!4d-99.2970424 ''Grandview SD'' Google Maps (accessed January 30, 2019)]</ref> |
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===Townships=== |
===Townships=== |
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Since the "[[Reagan Revolution]]", voters in Brule County have shifted to favor Republican presidential candidates. [[Michael Dukakis]] in 1988 was the last Democrat to win a majority in Brule County, although [[Bill Clinton]] twice obtained a plurality. Four of the past five Republican nominees have won over 58 percent of Brule County's vote. |
Since the "[[Reagan Revolution]]", voters in Brule County have shifted to favor Republican presidential candidates. [[Michael Dukakis]] in 1988 was the last Democrat to win a majority in Brule County, although [[Bill Clinton]] twice obtained a plurality. Four of the past five Republican nominees have won over 58 percent of Brule County's vote. |
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{{PresHead|place=Brule County, South Dakota|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date= |
{{PresHead|place=Brule County, South Dakota|whig=no|source1=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=April 13, 2018}}</ref>}} |
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<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> |
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP/Whig vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} --> |
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{{PresRow|2020|Republican|1,750|673|67|South Dakota}} |
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|1,750|673|67|South Dakota}} |
Revision as of 05:11, 8 August 2023
Brule County | |
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Coordinates: 43°43′N 99°04′W / 43.72°N 99.06°W | |
Country | United States |
State | South Dakota |
Founded | 1875 (created) 1879 (organized) |
Named for | Brulé subtribe of Lakota people |
Seat | Chamberlain |
Largest city | Chamberlain |
Area | |
• Total | 846 sq mi (2,190 km2) |
• Land | 817 sq mi (2,120 km2) |
• Water | 29 sq mi (80 km2) 3.5% |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 5,247 |
• Estimate (2022) | 5,321 |
• Density | 6.2/sq mi (2.4/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
Congressional district | At-large |
Website | www |
Brule County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 5,247.[1] Its county seat is Chamberlain.[2]
History
Brule County was created on January 14, 1875, of territory partitioned from Charles Mix County. Its governing structure was also created at that time. However, in May 1875, Brule County was withdrawn from settlement, by order of US President Grant.[3] This order was later annulled, and the organization of Brule County governing structure was completed in September 1879.[4]
On March 9, 1883, the area of Brule County was slightly increased by an addition of former Buffalo County lands.[5] The total area of Brule County was further increased on June 4, 1891, when American Island (in the Missouri River)[6] was attached to the county (from the Sioux Reservation).[7] Its boundaries have remained unchanged since that date.
Geography
The Missouri River flows southward along the western boundary line of Brule County. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, partially dedicated to agriculture. The county has a total area of 846 square miles (2,190 km2), of which 817 square miles (2,120 km2) is land and 29 square miles (75 km2) (3.5%) is water.[8]
Major highways
Adjacent counties
- Buffalo County - north
- Jerauld County - northeast
- Aurora County - east
- Charles Mix County - south
- Lyman County - west
Protected areas
- Boyer State Game Production Area
- Brule Bottom State Game Production Area
- Burning Brule State Game Production Area
- Chain lake State Game Production Area
- Chamberlain State Game Production Area
- Elm Creek State Game Production Area
- Elm Creek State Lakeside Use Area
- Hoover State Game Production Area
- Kimball State Game Production Area
- Lake Sixteen State Game Production Area
Lakes
- Lake Francis Case (part)
- Red Lake
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1880 | 238 | — | |
1890 | 6,737 | 2,730.7% | |
1900 | 5,401 | −19.8% | |
1910 | 6,451 | 19.4% | |
1920 | 7,141 | 10.7% | |
1930 | 7,416 | 3.9% | |
1940 | 6,195 | −16.5% | |
1950 | 6,076 | −1.9% | |
1960 | 6,319 | 4.0% | |
1970 | 5,870 | −7.1% | |
1980 | 5,245 | −10.6% | |
1990 | 5,485 | 4.6% | |
2000 | 5,364 | −2.2% | |
2010 | 5,255 | −2.0% | |
2020 | 5,247 | −0.2% | |
2022 (est.) | 5,321 | [9] | 1.4% |
U.S. Decennial Census[10] 1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12] 1990-2000[13] 2010-2020[1] |
2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 5,247 people.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 5,255 people, 2,136 households, and 1,375 families in the county. The population density was 6.4 inhabitants per square mile (2.5/km2). There were 2,433 housing units at an average density of 3.0 units per square mile (1.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 88.4% white, 8.5% American Indian, 0.2% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.4% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 51.7% were German, 11.7% were Irish, 11.5% were Czech, 10.9% were Norwegian, 6.2% were English, and 1.3% were American.
Of the 2,136 households, 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.0% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 35.6% were non-families, and 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.03. The median age was 41.3 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $48,277 and the median income for a family was $58,363. Males had a median income of $33,958 versus $25,051 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,779. About 9.8% of families and 9.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.0% of those under age 18 and 10.6% of those age 65 or over.
Communities
Cities
- Chamberlain (county seat)
- Kimball
Town
Census-designated places
Unincorporated community
- Grandview[14]
Townships
- America
- Brule
- Chamberlain
- Cleveland
- Eagle
- Highland
- Kimball
- Lyon
- Ola
- Plainfield
- Pleasant Grove
- Plummer
- Pukwana
- Red Lake
- Richland
- Smith
- Torrey Lake
- Waldro
- West Point
- Wilbur
- Willow Lake
- Union
Politics
For the first century of South Dakota statehood, the predominately white voters of Brule County favored the Democratic Party. The county favored a Republican presidential candidate on just three occasions between 1896 and 1976. In the national landslide victories of Theodore Roosevelt, Harding and Dwight D. Eisenhower, when each candidate swept every other county in South Dakota, none obtained more than 53.1 percent of Brule County's vote. Richard Nixon, running against favorite son George McGovern in 1972, did not gain 46 percent in Brule County, while he was sweeping all but 129 other counties nationwide.
Since the "Reagan Revolution", voters in Brule County have shifted to favor Republican presidential candidates. Michael Dukakis in 1988 was the last Democrat to win a majority in Brule County, although Bill Clinton twice obtained a plurality. Four of the past five Republican nominees have won over 58 percent of Brule County's vote.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
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No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 1,750 | 70.28% | 673 | 27.03% | 67 | 2.69% |
2016 | 1,565 | 68.40% | 571 | 24.96% | 152 | 6.64% |
2012 | 1,499 | 63.01% | 824 | 34.64% | 56 | 2.35% |
2008 | 1,407 | 57.69% | 965 | 39.57% | 67 | 2.75% |
2004 | 1,544 | 58.73% | 1,040 | 39.56% | 45 | 1.71% |
2000 | 1,268 | 58.51% | 818 | 37.75% | 81 | 3.74% |
1996 | 981 | 40.81% | 1,091 | 45.38% | 332 | 13.81% |
1992 | 908 | 33.93% | 1,060 | 39.61% | 708 | 26.46% |
1988 | 971 | 49.19% | 991 | 50.20% | 12 | 0.61% |
1984 | 1,578 | 61.74% | 961 | 37.60% | 17 | 0.67% |
1980 | 1,674 | 59.79% | 925 | 33.04% | 201 | 7.18% |
1976 | 1,175 | 43.15% | 1,534 | 56.33% | 14 | 0.51% |
1972 | 1,421 | 45.88% | 1,665 | 53.76% | 11 | 0.36% |
1968 | 1,237 | 43.94% | 1,425 | 50.62% | 153 | 5.44% |
1964 | 968 | 30.51% | 2,205 | 69.49% | 0 | 0.00% |
1960 | 1,403 | 46.72% | 1,600 | 53.28% | 0 | 0.00% |
1956 | 1,317 | 41.02% | 1,894 | 58.98% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 1,578 | 53.13% | 1,392 | 46.87% | 0 | 0.00% |
1948 | 1,056 | 38.48% | 1,646 | 59.99% | 42 | 1.53% |
1944 | 1,002 | 41.51% | 1,412 | 58.49% | 0 | 0.00% |
1940 | 1,352 | 42.42% | 1,835 | 57.58% | 0 | 0.00% |
1936 | 982 | 29.61% | 2,274 | 68.56% | 61 | 1.84% |
1932 | 797 | 24.04% | 2,465 | 74.36% | 53 | 1.60% |
1928 | 1,431 | 46.46% | 1,599 | 51.92% | 50 | 1.62% |
1924 | 1,060 | 37.11% | 650 | 22.76% | 1,146 | 40.13% |
1920 | 1,036 | 51.03% | 671 | 33.05% | 323 | 15.91% |
1916 | 729 | 41.66% | 975 | 55.71% | 46 | 2.63% |
1912 | 0 | 0.00% | 842 | 53.63% | 728 | 46.37% |
1908 | 753 | 46.80% | 823 | 51.15% | 33 | 2.05% |
1904 | 693 | 51.60% | 608 | 45.27% | 42 | 3.13% |
1900 | 644 | 47.14% | 716 | 52.42% | 6 | 0.44% |
1896 | 441 | 39.59% | 668 | 59.96% | 5 | 0.45% |
1892 | 538 | 44.03% | 200 | 16.37% | 484 | 39.61% |
See also
References
- ^ a b "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 8, 2023.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ Dakota Territory Laws 1874, 11th session, Chapter 31, p. 73
- ^ "Dakota Territory, South Dakota, and North Dakota: Individual County Chronologies". Dakota Territory Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. The Newberry Library. 2006. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2019.
- ^ Dakota Territory Laws 1883, 15th session, chapter 14, p. 24
- ^ "place" Brule County SD Google Maps (accessed January 30, 2019)
- ^ South Dakota Laws 1891, 2nd session, chapter 45, p. 106
- ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2022". Retrieved April 2, 2023.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
- ^ Grandview SD Google Maps (accessed January 30, 2019)
- ^ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 13, 2018.