Agustín Muñoz Grandes

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Muñoz and the second or maternal family name is Grandes.

Agustín Muñoz Grandes
General Muñoz Grandes as an officer of the Wehrmacht, 1941–43
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
In office 11 July 1962 – 22 July 1967
Prime Minister	Francisco Franco
Preceded by	Francisco Gómez-Jordana Sousa (1938–39)
Succeeded by	Luis Carrero Blanco
Minister of the Army
In office 19 July 1951 – 25 February 1957
Preceded by	Fidel Dávila Arrondo
Succeeded by	Antonio Barroso Sánchez-Guerra
Personal details
Born	(1896-01-27)27 January 1896 Carabanchel Bajo, Spain
Died	11 July 1970(1970-07-11) (aged 74) Madrid, Spain
Political party	FET y de las JONS
Education	Toledo Infantry Academy
Signature
Military service
Allegiance	Kingdom of Spain (1915–1931) Spanish Republic (1931–1936) Nationalist Spain (1936–1941, 1942–1950) Nazi Germany (1941–1942)
Branch/service	Spanish Army German Army (Wehrmacht)
Years of service	1915–41, 1942–50 (Spain) 1941–42 (Germany)
Rank	General
Commands	Blue Division
Battles/wars	Rif War Spanish Civil War Battle of Málaga World War II Eastern Front
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves Military Medal

Agustín Muñoz Grandes (27 January 1896 – 11 July 1970) was a Spanish general, and politician, vice-president of the Spanish Government and minister with Francisco Franco several times; also known as the commander of the Blue Division between 1941 and 1942.

Biography

Born in Carabanchel Bajo on 27 January 1896, Muñoz Grandes enrolled at the Toledo Infantry Academy while in his teens. Upon graduating, he was deployed to Morocco in 1915 and in 1925 took part in the decisive Battle of Alhucemas. Muñoz Grandes fought for the Nationalists during the Spanish Civil War and was promoted to General, taking command in the Army of Africa. He led the Spanish Legionnaries in the conquest of Málaga by the Nationalists in February 1937.

In 1941, Muñoz Grandes was given command of the División Azul, Generalísimo Franco's volunteer unit created for service under the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front, against the Soviet Union. Muñoz Grandes was well acquainted with the Nazi German military establishment, and attended several interviews with Wilhelm Canaris and Adolf Hitler.

During his command Muñoz Grandes was decorated with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, with Oak Leaves personally added by Hitler. He was recalled to Spain in December 1942. A promotion to Lieutenant General awaited him at home, and his post on the Eastern Front was taken up by Emilio Esteban Infantes.

General Muñoz Grandes in 1962

Muñoz Grandes was appointed Captain General of I Military District in 1945, Minister of the Army in 1951 and Chief of the Defence High Command (chief of staff of the Spanish Armed Forces) in 1958. He served as Deputy Prime Minister of Spain from 1962 to 1967. In this capacity he advised Franco to enter the Vietnam War in order to gain better relations with the United States; however, Franco was reluctant to publicly support the war or the United States, and ultimately only several teams of medical personnel were sent, covertly.

Muñoz Grandes died in 1970. His wife Maria died in 1989.

Awards

• Order of Cisneros (1956, 1970)
• Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (12 March 1942)
  • Oak Leaves (12 December 1942)
• Iron Cross (1939)
  • 2nd Class (8 September 1941)
  • 1st Class (19 January 1942)

Bibliography

• Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
• Kleinfeld, Gerald A. (1979). Hitler's Spanish Legion: The Blue Division in Russia. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-0865-7.
• Thomas, Franz (1998). Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 2: L–Z [The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 2: L–Z] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7648-2300-9.

External links

• Newspaper clippings about Agustín Muñoz Grandes in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW