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Andrew Bell (1726–1809) was a Scottish engraver and printer, who co-founded Encyclopædia Britannica with Colin Macfarquhar.

Biography

Bell was born in Edinburgh in 1726, his father a baker. He had little formal education and was apprenticed to the engraver Richard Cooper.^[1] Bell was a colourful Scot. His height was four foot six inches (1.37 m); he had crooked legs and an enormous nose that he would sometimes augment with a papier-mache version whenever anyone stared at his natural nose.^[2] Bell began work as an engraver of crests, names, etc. on dog collars.^[2] Despite his small stature, he deliberately rode the tallest horse available in Edinburgh, dismounting by a ladder to the cheers of onlookers.^[2]

Bell produced almost all of the copperplate engravings for the 1st–4th editions of the Britannica: 160 for the 1st, 340 for the 2nd, 542 for the 3rd, and 531 for the 4th. By contrast, the 50 plates of the Supplement to the 3rd edition were engraved by D. Lizars.^{[citation needed]}

After Macfarquhar died in 1793, Bell bought out his heirs and became sole owner of the Britannica until his own death in 1809. He quarrelled with his son-in-law, Thomson Bonar, and refused to speak with him for the last ten years of his life.^{[citation needed]}

Family

He married Anne Wake who was the daughter of an excise officer in 1756.^[3] She was apparently the granddaughter of the artist John Scougal and through this connection Bell inherited many of Scougal's paintings.^[4]

References

^ Kafker, Frank A. (1 October 2008). "THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA". Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies. 18 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c Kogan, Herman (1958). The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. LCCN 58-8379.
^ Kafker, Frank A. (1 October 2008). "THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA". Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies. 18 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x. ISSN 1754-0194.
^ Cassell's Old and New Edinburgh vol. II p. 222/3

[1] Kafker, Frank A. (1 October 2008). "THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA". Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies. 18 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x.

[kogan_1958-2] Kogan, Herman (1958). The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. LCCN 58-8379.

[3] Kafker, Frank A. (1 October 2008). "THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA". Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies. 18 (2): 139–152. doi:10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x. ISSN 1754-0194.

[4] Cassell's Old and New Edinburgh vol. II p. 222/3

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 ==Biography==
-Bell was born in [[Edinburgh]] in 1726, his father a baker. He had little formal education and was apprenticed to the engraver [[Richard Cooper, the elder|Richard Cooper]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=BLOCKED BOTS AND WINDOWS 10-01-95&98 |first=Frank A. |date=1 October 2008 |title=THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA |journal=[[Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies]] |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=139–152 |doi=10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x}}</ref> Bell was a colourful Scot. His height was {{convert|4|foot|6|in|spell=in|}}; he had crooked legs and an enormous nose that he would sometimes augment with a papier-mache version whenever anyone stared at his natural nose.<ref name="kogan_1958" >{{cite book | last = Kogan | first = Herman | authorlink =Herman Kogan| year = 1958 | title = The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica | url = https://archive.org/details/greatebstoryo00koga_1 | url-access = registration | publisher = The University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | lccn= 58-8379}}</ref> Bell began work as an engraver of crests, names, etc. on dog collars.<ref name="kogan_1958" /> Despite his small stature, he deliberately rode the tallest horse available in [[Edinburgh]], dismounting by a ladder to the cheers of onlookers.<ref name="kogan_1958" />
+Bell was born in [[Edinburgh]] in 1726, his father a baker. He had little formal education and was apprenticed to the engraver [[Richard Cooper, the elder|Richard Cooper]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kafker|first=Frank A.|date=1 October 2008|title=THE ACHIEVEMENT OF ANDREW BELL and COLIN MACFARQUHAR AS THE FIRST PUBLISHERS OF THE ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA|journal=[[Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies]]|volume=18|issue=2|pages=139–152|doi=10.1111/j.1754-0208.1995.tb00185.x}}</ref> Bell was a colourful Scot. His height was {{convert|4|foot|6|in|spell=in|}}; he had crooked legs and an enormous nose that he would sometimes augment with a papier-mache version whenever anyone stared at his natural nose.<ref name="kogan_1958" >{{cite book | last = Kogan | first = Herman | authorlink =Herman Kogan| year = 1958 | title = The Great EB: The Story of the Encyclopædia Britannica | url = https://archive.org/details/greatebstoryo00koga_1 | url-access = registration | publisher = The University of Chicago Press | location = Chicago | lccn= 58-8379}}</ref> Bell began work as an engraver of crests, names, etc. on dog collars.<ref name="kogan_1958" /> Despite his small stature, he deliberately rode the tallest horse available in [[Edinburgh]], dismounting by a ladder to the cheers of onlookers.<ref name="kogan_1958" />
 Bell produced almost all of the copperplate engravings for the 1st–4th editions of the ''Britannica'': 160 for the 1st, 340 for the 2nd, 542 for the 3rd, and 531 for the 4th. By contrast, the 50 plates of the Supplement to the 3rd edition were engraved by D.{{nbsp}}Lizars.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}} <!--For the 1st edition, Bell produced three full pages of anatomically accurate depictions of dissected female pelvises and of foetuses in wombs for the [[midwife]]ry article; these illustrations shocked King [[George III of the United Kingdom|George III]] who commanded that the pages be ripped from every copy.--><!-- Dubious statements, unverified, i dont know much about Wikipedia, but [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] should be followed, feel free to remove this inline comment with a reliable citation as detailed in [[WP:RS]] -->

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