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===Ground-based nuclear deterrence===
===Ground-based nuclear deterrence===
[[File:Temp 2S SS16 Sinner sketch.svg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The ''Shaheen-II'' mobility is transported through a [[Drive wheel|12WD]] [[Minsk Automobile Plant|MAZ truck]].{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Ghaznavi / Shaheen-II - Pakistan Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems |url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/pakistan/missile/shaheen-2.htm |website=nuke.fas.org |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>}}]]
[[File:Temp 2S SS16 Sinner sketch.svg|thumb|250px|right|{{small|The ''Shaheen-II'' mobility is transported through a [[Drive wheel|12WD]] [[Minsk Automobile Plant|MAZ truck]].{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Ghaznavi / Shaheen-II - Pakistan Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems |url=https://nuke.fas.org/guide/pakistan/missile/shaheen-2.htm |website=nuke.fas.org |access-date=10 October 2023}}</ref>}}]]
Due to Pakistan's engineering feat, the American sources leveled serious allegations on [[China]], and often compares missile to either of Chinese [[DF-11]] or [[DF-25]].<ref name=jane15>Duncan Lennox; ''Hatf 6 (Shaheen 2), Jane’s Strategic Weapon Systems''; June 15, 2004.</ref><ref name=mth6/> Pakistani military has always refuted the claims of Chinese assistance, stressing that the ''Shaheen-II'' was independently designed in [[2000 in Pakistan|2000]]; and its series of expensive [[Trial and error|trial and error]]s culminated in final deployment in 2014 to keep the secrecy of the program through ingenious development.{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Feroz |title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb |date=7 November 2012 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-8480-1 |pages=500 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Eating_Grass/yGgrNAsKZjEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=shaheen+II+eating+grass&pg=PA241&printsec=frontcover |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Further evidence provided through a press video shown by its designing contractor, [[NESCOM]], at the [[International Defence Exhibition and Seminar|IDEAS]] conference in [[2004 in Pakistan|2004]], the missile can achieve "surgical precision".<ref name="strategycenter"/> Between 2004–2010, Pakistani contractors committed to series of testing of the ''Shaheen-II'' that included its [[Rocket engine|engine]], propellent, on-board computers, programming, and vehicle testing.{{rp|241-242}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/>
Due to Pakistan's engineering feat, the American sources leveled serious allegations on [[China]], and often compares missile to either of Chinese [[DF-11]] or [[DF-25]].<ref name=jane15>Duncan Lennox; ''Hatf 6 (Shaheen 2), Jane’s Strategic Weapon Systems''; June 15, 2004.</ref><ref name=mth6/> Pakistani government has always refuted the claims of Chinese assistance, stressing that the ''Shaheen-II'' was independently designed in [[2000 in Pakistan|2000]]; and its series of expensive [[Trial and error|trial and error]]s culminated in final deployment in 2014 to keep the secrecy of the program through ingenious development.{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012">{{cite book |last1=Khan |first1=Feroz |title=Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb |date=7 November 2012 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-8480-1 |pages=500 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Eating_Grass/yGgrNAsKZjEC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=shaheen+II+eating+grass&pg=PA241&printsec=frontcover |access-date=9 October 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Further evidence provided through a press video shown by its designing contractor, [[NESCOM]], at the [[International Defence Exhibition and Seminar|IDEAS]] conference in [[2004 in Pakistan|2004]], the missile can achieve "surgical precision".<ref name="strategycenter"/> Between 2004–2010, Pakistani contractors committed to series of testing of the ''Shaheen-II'' that included its [[Rocket engine|engine]], propellent, on-board computers, programming, and vehicle testing.{{rp|241-242}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/>


The re-entry vehicle is also stated to utilize a [[GPS]] satellite guidance system to provide updates on its position, further improving its accuracy and reducing the [[Circular error probable|CEP]] to {{cvt|200|m|ft}}—{{cvt|300|m|ft}}.{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/news/pakistan/1999/fbis-nes-1999-0422.htm|title=How 'Shaheen' Was Developed<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-6/ |title=Hatf 6 "Shaheen 2" |publisher=MissileThreat |date= |accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref>{{doubtful|date=February 2018}} This has led to speculation that ''Shaheen-II'' incorporates a satellite navigation update system and/or a post separation attitude correction system to provide terminal course correction, which "may indicate a CEP of much less than {{cvt|300|m|ft}}."<ref name="strategycenter"/> According to [[King's College London]], "the current capability of Pakistani missiles is built around radar seekers."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.47/pub_detail.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229094132/http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.47/pub_detail.asp|url-status=dead|title=International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > Pakistan's Long Range Ballistic Missiles: A View From IDEAS|archive-date=December 29, 2012|website=www.strategycenter.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110321/DEFFEAT06/103210303/Pakistan-Seeks-Counter-Indian-ABM-Defenses|archive-url=http://archive.today/20130408013207/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110321/DEFFEAT06/103210303/Pakistan-Seeks-Counter-Indian-ABM-Defenses|url-status=dead|title=Pakistan Seeks To Counter Indian ABM Defenses|website=Defense News|archive-date=April 8, 2013}}</ref>
The re-entry vehicle is also stated to utilize a [[GPS]] satellite guidance system to provide updates on its position, further improving its accuracy and reducing the [[Circular error probable|CEP]] to {{cvt|200|m|ft}}—{{cvt|300|m|ft}}.{{rp|241}}<ref name="Stanford University Press, Khan, 2012"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/news/pakistan/1999/fbis-nes-1999-0422.htm|title=How 'Shaheen' Was Developed<!-- Bot generated title -->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/hatf-6/ |title=Hatf 6 "Shaheen 2" |publisher=MissileThreat |date= |accessdate=26 June 2017}}</ref>{{doubtful|date=February 2018}} This has led to speculation that ''Shaheen-II'' incorporates a satellite navigation update system and/or a post separation attitude correction system to provide terminal course correction, which "may indicate a CEP of much less than {{cvt|300|m|ft}}."<ref name="strategycenter"/> According to [[King's College London]], "the current capability of Pakistani missiles is built around radar seekers."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.47/pub_detail.asp|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121229094132/http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.47/pub_detail.asp|url-status=dead|title=International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > Pakistan's Long Range Ballistic Missiles: A View From IDEAS|archive-date=December 29, 2012|website=www.strategycenter.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110321/DEFFEAT06/103210303/Pakistan-Seeks-Counter-Indian-ABM-Defenses|archive-url=http://archive.today/20130408013207/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20110321/DEFFEAT06/103210303/Pakistan-Seeks-Counter-Indian-ABM-Defenses|url-status=dead|title=Pakistan Seeks To Counter Indian ABM Defenses|website=Defense News|archive-date=April 8, 2013}}</ref>

Revision as of 01:27, 10 October 2023

Hatf-VI Shaheen
TypeMRBM
Place of origin Pakistan
Service history
In service2014–Present
Used by Pakistan Army
Production history
DesignerNational Engineering & Scientific Commission
Designed2000–2013
ManufacturerNational Engineering & Scientific Commission
VariantsShaheen-III
Specifications (Technical data)
Mass23,600 kg (52,000 lb)
Length17.2 m (680 in)
Diameter1.4 m (55 in)
Maximum firing range2,500 km (1,600 mi)
WarheadHE/SNW
Warhead weight1,230 kg (2,710 lb)
Blast yield>40 kilotons of TNT (170 TJ)
EngineTwo-stage
DriveSix-axle
TransmissionAutomatic
SuspensionMAZ-547A 12WD
(With Pakistani military markings)
PropellantSolid-propellant
Operational
range
1,000 km (620 mi)–2,000 km (1,200 mi)
Guidance
system
Inertial, Terminal
Accuracy<350 m (1,150 ft)
Launch
platform
Transporter erector launcher (TEL), Silo, launch pad
TransportTransporter erector launcher

The Shaheen-II (Urdu:شاهين–اا; Military designation: Hatf-VI, Trans: Target-6), is a land-based supersonic and medium-range ballistic missile currently in deployed in military service with the strategic command of the Pakistan Army.[1][2]

Designed and developed by the National Engineering & Scientific Commission, Shaheen-II is a capable of nuclear weapons-delivery at vast range, and it is described as "highly capable missile which fully meets Pakistan's strategic needs towards maintenance of desired deterrence stability in the region" by the Pakistani military.[2][3][4]

The National Air and Space Intelligence Center of the United States Air Force estimates that "as of 2017 fewer than 50 Shaheen-II were operationally deployed.[5]

Description

Development and design of the Shaheen-II influenced from Pakistan's need for attaining surface-based second strike capability in a case of Pakistani military facing the Indian Army in an event of large-scale conventional war.[6] Since 2000, the United States had prior knowledge of such program and was able to confirm it in 2005, when six-axled-ten-wheel MAZ vehicle was shown in the military barracks.[7]

To Indian defense observes, Shaheen-II is seen as "backbone of Pakistan's survivability with ground-based second strike capability."[6]

Re-entry design

The re-entry vehicle carried by the Shaheen-II missile has a mass of between 700 kg (1,500 lb)—1,250 kg (2,760 lb), which includes the mass of a nuclear warhead and a terminal guidance system.[8]

Much of its engineering data, that is acceptable for public release, is provided by the Pakistani military and compiled by the American independent think tanks.[9][10][dubious – discuss] This re-entry vehicle is unlike that of the Shaheen I in that it has four moving delta control fins at the rear and small solid-liquid-propellant side thrust motors, which are used to orient the re-entry vehicle after the booster stage is depleted or before re-entry to improve accuracy by providing stabilization during the terminal phase.[11] This can also be used to fly evasive manoeuvres, making it problematic for existing anti-ballistic missile countermeasures to successfully intercept the missile.[11] The Shaheen II warhead may change its trajectory several times during re-entry and during the terminal phase, effectively preventing radar systems from pre-calculating intercept points.[11]

Ground-based nuclear deterrence

The Shaheen-II mobility is transported through a 12WD MAZ truck.: 241 [12][13]

Due to Pakistan's engineering feat, the American sources leveled serious allegations on China, and often compares missile to either of Chinese DF-11 or DF-25.[14][8] Pakistani government has always refuted the claims of Chinese assistance, stressing that the Shaheen-II was independently designed in 2000; and its series of expensive trial and errors culminated in final deployment in 2014 to keep the secrecy of the program through ingenious development.: 241 [12] Further evidence provided through a press video shown by its designing contractor, NESCOM, at the IDEAS conference in 2004, the missile can achieve "surgical precision".[11] Between 2004–2010, Pakistani contractors committed to series of testing of the Shaheen-II that included its engine, propellent, on-board computers, programming, and vehicle testing.: 241–242 [12]

The re-entry vehicle is also stated to utilize a GPS satellite guidance system to provide updates on its position, further improving its accuracy and reducing the CEP to 200 m (660 ft)—300 m (980 ft).: 241 [12][15][16][dubious – discuss] This has led to speculation that Shaheen-II incorporates a satellite navigation update system and/or a post separation attitude correction system to provide terminal course correction, which "may indicate a CEP of much less than 300 m (980 ft)."[11] According to King's College London, "the current capability of Pakistani missiles is built around radar seekers."[17][18]

See also

Related developments
Related lists

References

  1. ^ "Giant leap: Agni-V, India's 1st ICBM, fired successfully from canister". The Times of India. February 2015.
  2. ^ a b staff, writers (23 May 2019). "Shaheen-II ballistic missile training launch successful: ISPR". DAWN.COM. Dawn newspaper. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
  3. ^ Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat – Federation of American Scientists.
  4. ^ Greisler, David (2006-11-15). Handbook of technology management in public administration. CRC Press, 2006. ISBN 978-1-57444-564-0.
  5. ^ Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (Report). Defense Intelligence Ballistic Missile Analysis Committee. June 2017. p. 25. NASIC-1031-0985-17. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
  6. ^ a b Bukhari, Syed Shahid Hussain (15 September 2020). Pakistan’s Security and the India–US Strategic Partnership: Nuclear Politics and Security Competition. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-000-17662-9. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  7. ^ "Archive | Your Source of News on the World Wide Web". Dawn.Com. 10 May 2007. Retrieved 2011-03-27.
  8. ^ a b "Haft 6 "Shaheen 2"". CSIS Missile Threat. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  9. ^ "How 'Shaheen' Was Developed".
  10. ^ "Hatf 6 "Shaheen 2"". MissileThreat. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d e "International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > Pakistan's Long Range Ballistic Missiles: A View From IDEAS". www.strategycenter.net. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012.
  12. ^ a b c d Khan, Feroz (7 November 2012). Eating Grass: The Making of the Pakistani Bomb. Stanford University Press. p. 500. ISBN 978-0-8047-8480-1. Retrieved 9 October 2023.
  13. ^ "Ghaznavi / Shaheen-II - Pakistan Missile Special Weapons Delivery Systems". nuke.fas.org. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
  14. ^ Duncan Lennox; Hatf 6 (Shaheen 2), Jane’s Strategic Weapon Systems; June 15, 2004.
  15. ^ "How 'Shaheen' Was Developed".
  16. ^ "Hatf 6 "Shaheen 2"". MissileThreat. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  17. ^ "International Assessment and Strategy Center > Research > Pakistan's Long Range Ballistic Missiles: A View From IDEAS". www.strategycenter.net. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012.
  18. ^ "Pakistan Seeks To Counter Indian ABM Defenses". Defense News. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013.
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