Hēmeroskopeion: Difference between revisions
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The city must have already existed around the 1st century BC, judging by mentions from Strabo and [[Cicero]], who noted it was used during the civil wars as a military base by [[Quintus Sertorius]]. While the foundation date of the Roman city cannot be determined, it is known that the settlement possibly inherited from the Iberian establishments at Punta de Benimaquia or Pico del Águila. <ref>Cerdá 2009: ''Dianium'', p. 54</ref> |
The city must have already existed around the 1st century BC, judging by mentions from Strabo and [[Cicero]], who noted it was used during the civil wars as a military base by [[Quintus Sertorius]]. While the foundation date of the Roman city cannot be determined, it is known that the settlement possibly inherited from the Iberian establishments at Punta de Benimaquia or Pico del Águila. <ref>Cerdá 2009: ''Dianium'', p. 54</ref> |
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In the 1st century, it held the legal status of a ''[[civitas stipendiaria]]'', which meant that it had to pay tribute and was subject to the power of the provincial governor, in this case, [[Hispania Citerior]]. <ref>Cerdá 2009: ''Dianium'', p. 55</ref> Inscriptions found in the area of the ancient city mention several decurions as municipal officials, indicating they date to a time after the era of the [[Flavian dynasty]] (late 1st century), when municipalities were unified. |
In the 1st century, it held the legal status of a ''[[civitas stipendiaria]]'', which meant that it had to pay tribute and was subject to the power of the provincial governor, in this case, [[Hispania Citerior]]. <ref>Cerdá 2009: ''Dianium'', p. 55</ref> Inscriptions found in the area of the ancient city mention several decurions as municipal officials, indicating they date to a time after the era of the [[Flavian dynasty]] (late 1st century), when municipalities were unified. It is also known that during the same period, there was a college of ''[[Sodales Augustales]]'', an organization of freedmen dedicated to the imperial cult. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 14:44, 29 October 2023
Hēmeroskopeion (Template:Lang-grc) was an ancient Greek city.[1]
Its location is unknown but it has been suggested by some scholars[who?] (and rejected by others)[who?] that it existed on what is now the city of Dénia, the judicial seat of the comarca of Marina Alta in the province of Alicante, which is a division of the Valencian Community, Spain. Its name means watchtower in Greek and it reflects the first use of the lofty promontory as such. According to Strabo,[2][3] it was a small city and was founded by the Massaliot Greeks together with another two neighbouring and equally small cities, the names of which have not survived. The city was later conquered by the Romans and it was named Dianium, whence the modern name. This town was situated on the cape then called Artemisium (Template:Lang-grc) or Dianium[4] (Template:Lang-grc), named from a temple of Ephesia Artemis built upon it (goddess Artemis was called Diana in Latin). Apart from its strategic location the city was equally important for the iron mines that existed nearby.
History
The location was a notable commercial and fishing emporium. A prominent feature of this area was the sanctuary dedicated to Artemis of Ephesus, with its roots in Massalian tradition. Strabo provides the following account of the site:
— Strabo's Geographica: Book III (4, 6) [5]
The city must have already existed around the 1st century BC, judging by mentions from Strabo and Cicero, who noted it was used during the civil wars as a military base by Quintus Sertorius. While the foundation date of the Roman city cannot be determined, it is known that the settlement possibly inherited from the Iberian establishments at Punta de Benimaquia or Pico del Águila. [6]
In the 1st century, it held the legal status of a civitas stipendiaria, which meant that it had to pay tribute and was subject to the power of the provincial governor, in this case, Hispania Citerior. [7] Inscriptions found in the area of the ancient city mention several decurions as municipal officials, indicating they date to a time after the era of the Flavian dynasty (late 1st century), when municipalities were unified. It is also known that during the same period, there was a college of Sodales Augustales, an organization of freedmen dedicated to the imperial cult.
See also
Bibliography
- Manuel Cerdá (2009), "Gran enciclopedia temática de la Comunidad Valenciana", Prensa Valenciana (in Spanish), retrieved 2023-10-29
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
References
- ^ Spann, P., R. Warner, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies. "Places: 265880 (Dianium/Hemeroskopeion)". Pleiades. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Strabo (1903). "4". In Falconer, M.A. (ed.). The Geography of Strabo. Literally translated, with notes, in three volumes. Vol. 3. Translated by Hamilton, Esq., H.C. London: George Bell & Sons. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
Of these the best known is Hemeroscopium. On the promontory there is a temple to Diana of Ephesus, held in great veneration. Sertorius used it as an arsenal, convenient to the sea, both on account of its being fortified and fitted for piratical uses, and because it is visible from a great distance to vessels approaching. It is called Dianium, from Diana.
- ^ Strabo (1877). "4". In Meineke, A. (ed.). Geographica (in Ancient Greek). Vol. 3. Leipzig: Teubner. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
- ^ Smith, William (1852). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (Abacaenum – Hytanis). Vol. 1. Boston: Little, Brown. pp. 773.
- ^ Strabo, Book III (4, 6)
- ^ Cerdá 2009: Dianium, p. 54
- ^ Cerdá 2009: Dianium, p. 55
 | This article contains a translation of Hemeroscopio from es.wikipedia. |