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{{Short description|Cellular lining of the lymph vessels}}
{{Short description|Cellular lining of the lymph vessels}}
The '''lymphatic endothelium''' is a specialised form of [[epithelium]], distinct from but similar to [[endothelium|vascular endothelium]].The lymphatic capillaries are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003). A [[lymph]] [[capillary]] endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that [[collagen fiber]]s are directly attached to its [[plasma membrane]].
The '''lymphatic endothelium''' is a specialised form of [[epithelium]], distinct from but similar to [[endothelium|vascular endothelium]]. Until recently, lymphatic endothelial cells have not been characterized to their optimal potential. This system is very important in the function of continuous removal of interstitial fluid and proteins, while also having a significant function of entry for leukocytes and tumor cells. This leads to further research that is being developed on the relationship between lymphatic endothelium and metastasis of tumor cells (Pepper, M. S., & Skobe, M. 2003, October 27).The lymphatic capillaries are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003). A [[lymph]] [[capillary]] endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that [[collagen fiber]]s are directly attached to its [[plasma membrane]].


Although [[lymphatic]]s were first described by [[Hippocrates]] in 400BC and rediscovered as "milky veins in the gut of a well fed dog" in the 17th century by [[Gasparo Aselli]], they were ignored for centuries until in 1937 [[Howard Florey]] showed that lymphatics enlarge in inflammation. At this stage vascular and lymphatic endothelia were seen to be morphologically distinct and lymphatic vessels considered less important. Later it was discovered that [[VEGF-R3]] and [[VEGF-C]]/[[VEGF-D]] were the key growth factors controlling lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Markers of lymphatic endolthelium were not discovered until relatively recently. These being [[LYVE-1]] (Jackson et al., 1999)<ref name="J.Cell Biol">{{cite journal | title = LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan 1| journal = The Journal of Cell Biology| volume = 144| issue = 4| pages = 789–801| doi = 10.1083/jcb.144.4.789| year = 1999| last1 = Banerji| first1 = Suneale| last2 = Ni| first2 = Jian| last3 = Wang| first3 = Shu-Xia| last4 = Clasper| first4 = Steven| last5 = Su| first5 = Jeffrey| last6 = Tammi| first6 = Raija| last7 = Jones| first7 = Margaret| last8 = Jackson| first8 = David G.| pmid = 10037799| pmc = 2132933}}</ref> and [[PDPN|podoplanin]] (Kerjaschki, 1999).<ref name="American Journal of Pathology">{{cite journal|first1=Silvana|last1=Breiteneder-Geleff|first2=Afschin|last2=Soleiman|first3=Heinrich|last3=Kowalski|first4=Reinhard|last4=Horvat|first5=Gabriele|last5=Amann|first6=Ernst|last6=Kriehuber|first7=Katja|last7=Diem|first8=Wolfgang|last8=Weninger|first9=Erwin|last9=Tschachler|first10=Kari|last10=Alitalo|first11=Dontscho|last11=Kerjaschki|title = Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic andothelium|journal=American Journal of Pathology|year=1999|volume=154|issue=2|pages=385–394|pmid=10027397|pmc=1849992|doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65285-6}}</ref>
Although [[lymphatic]]s were first described by [[Hippocrates]] in 400BC and rediscovered as "milky veins in the gut of a well fed dog" in the 17th century by [[Gasparo Aselli]], they were ignored for centuries until in 1937 [[Howard Florey]] showed that lymphatics enlarge in inflammation. At this stage vascular and lymphatic endothelia were seen to be morphologically distinct and lymphatic vessels considered less important. Later it was discovered that [[VEGF-R3]] and [[VEGF-C]]/[[VEGF-D]] were the key growth factors controlling lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Markers of lymphatic endolthelium were not discovered until relatively recently. These being [[LYVE-1]] (Jackson et al., 1999)<ref name="J.Cell Biol">{{cite journal | title = LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan 1| journal = The Journal of Cell Biology| volume = 144| issue = 4| pages = 789–801| doi = 10.1083/jcb.144.4.789| year = 1999| last1 = Banerji| first1 = Suneale| last2 = Ni| first2 = Jian| last3 = Wang| first3 = Shu-Xia| last4 = Clasper| first4 = Steven| last5 = Su| first5 = Jeffrey| last6 = Tammi| first6 = Raija| last7 = Jones| first7 = Margaret| last8 = Jackson| first8 = David G.| pmid = 10037799| pmc = 2132933}}</ref> and [[PDPN|podoplanin]] (Kerjaschki, 1999).<ref name="American Journal of Pathology">{{cite journal|first1=Silvana|last1=Breiteneder-Geleff|first2=Afschin|last2=Soleiman|first3=Heinrich|last3=Kowalski|first4=Reinhard|last4=Horvat|first5=Gabriele|last5=Amann|first6=Ernst|last6=Kriehuber|first7=Katja|last7=Diem|first8=Wolfgang|last8=Weninger|first9=Erwin|last9=Tschachler|first10=Kari|last10=Alitalo|first11=Dontscho|last11=Kerjaschki|title = Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic andothelium|journal=American Journal of Pathology|year=1999|volume=154|issue=2|pages=385–394|pmid=10027397|pmc=1849992|doi=10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65285-6}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:28, 15 November 2023

The lymphatic endothelium is a specialised form of epithelium, distinct from but similar to vascular endothelium. Until recently, lymphatic endothelial cells have not been characterized to their optimal potential. This system is very important in the function of continuous removal of interstitial fluid and proteins, while also having a significant function of entry for leukocytes and tumor cells. This leads to further research that is being developed on the relationship between lymphatic endothelium and metastasis of tumor cells (Pepper, M. S., & Skobe, M. 2003, October 27).The lymphatic capillaries are described to be blind ended vessels (closed on one end), and they are made up of a single non-fenestrated layer of endothelial cells; The lymph capillaries function to aid in the uptake of fluids, macromolecules, and cells (S. Pepper, Skobe 2003). A lymph capillary endothelial cell is distinct from other endothelial cells in that collagen fibers are directly attached to its plasma membrane.

Although lymphatics were first described by Hippocrates in 400BC and rediscovered as "milky veins in the gut of a well fed dog" in the 17th century by Gasparo Aselli, they were ignored for centuries until in 1937 Howard Florey showed that lymphatics enlarge in inflammation. At this stage vascular and lymphatic endothelia were seen to be morphologically distinct and lymphatic vessels considered less important. Later it was discovered that VEGF-R3 and VEGF-C/VEGF-D were the key growth factors controlling lymphatic endothelial proliferation. Markers of lymphatic endolthelium were not discovered until relatively recently. These being LYVE-1 (Jackson et al., 1999)[1] and podoplanin (Kerjaschki, 1999).[2]

See also

Endothelium

References

  1. ^ Banerji, Suneale; Ni, Jian; Wang, Shu-Xia; Clasper, Steven; Su, Jeffrey; Tammi, Raija; Jones, Margaret; Jackson, David G. (1999). "LYVE-1, a new homologue of the CD44 glycoprotein, is a lymph-specific receptor for hyaluronan 1". The Journal of Cell Biology. 144 (4): 789–801. doi:10.1083/jcb.144.4.789. PMC 2132933. PMID 10037799.
  2. ^ Breiteneder-Geleff, Silvana; Soleiman, Afschin; Kowalski, Heinrich; Horvat, Reinhard; Amann, Gabriele; Kriehuber, Ernst; Diem, Katja; Weninger, Wolfgang; Tschachler, Erwin; Alitalo, Kari; Kerjaschki, Dontscho (1999). "Angiosarcomas express mixed endothelial phenotypes of blood and lymphatic capillaries: podoplanin as a specific marker for lymphatic andothelium". American Journal of Pathology. 154 (2): 385–394. doi:10.1016/S0002-9440(10)65285-6. PMC 1849992. PMID 10027397. 
   3. Pepper MS, Skobe M. Lymphatic endothelium: morphological, molecular and                          
      Functional properties. J Cell Biol. 2003 Oct 27;163(2):209-13. doi:    
      10.1083/jcb.200308082. PMID: 14581448; PMCID: PMC2173536.

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