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==United States==
==United States==
In the US, the majority of fellowships are accredited by the [[Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]] ("ACGME") or, to a lesser extent, the [[American Board of Physician Specialties]] in select states. There are fellowship programs that are not ACGME accredited, yet are well received, given the importance of being a Board-Certified Physician in a primary specialty, where a Fellowship is often more based on demand and research productivity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://med.stanford.edu/gme/programs/|title=Residencies & Fellowships - Graduate Medical Education - Stanford University School of Medicine|website=med.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>
In the US, the majority of fellowships are accredited by the [[Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education]] ("ACGME") or, to a lesser extent, the [[American Board of Physician Specialties]] in select states. There are fellowship programs that are not ACGME accredited, yet are well received, given the importance of being a Board-Certified Physician in a primary specialty, where a Fellowship is often more based on demand and research productivity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://med.stanford.edu/gme/programs/|title=Residencies & Fellowships - Graduate Medical Education - Stanford University School of Medicine|website=med.stanford.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>

===ACGME Fellowships===
The following are organized based on specialty required for the fellowship.

==== [[Family medicine|Family Medicine]] ====
* [[Adolescent medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* [[Geriatrics|Geriatric medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* [[Sports medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* [[Hospice and palliative medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* [[Health informatics|Clinical Informatics]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
Non-ACGME Fellowships:

* [[Addiction medicine|Addiction Medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Additional Certifications Available to Family Physicians {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications/additional-certifications-available-family-physicians |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* Administrative medicine<ref>{{Cite web |title=Administrative Medicine Eligibility Requirements |url=https://www.abpsus.org/administrative-medicine-eligibility/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=American Board of Physician Specialties |language=en-US}}</ref> (through [[American Board of Physician Specialties|ABPS]], only in select states)
* Aerospace Medicine <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aerospace Medicine Requirements Table – American Board of Preventive Medicine |url=https://www.theabpm.org/become-certified/specialties/aerospace-medicine/table/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Traumatic brain injury|Brain Injury Medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Additional Certifications Available to Family Physicians {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications/additional-certifications-available-family-physicians |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ABPMR - Brain Injury Medicine |url=https://www.abpmr.org/Subspecialties/BIM |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.abpmr.org}}</ref>
* [[Disaster medicine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Disaster Medicine Eligibility |url=https://www.abpsus.org/disaster-medicine-eligibility/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=American Board of Physician Specialties |language=en-US}}</ref> (through [[American Board of Physician Specialties|ABPS]], only in select states)
* [[Emergency medicine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Emergency Medicine Eligibility |url=https://www.abpsus.org/emergency-medicine-eligibility/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=American Board of Physician Specialties |language=en-US}}</ref> (through [[American Board of Physician Specialties|ABPS]], only in select states)
* Health Care Administration, Leadership, and Management <ref>{{Cite web |title=Health Care Administration, Leadership, and Management (HALM) – Requirements – American Board of Preventive Medicine |url=https://www.theabpm.org/become-certified/specialties/health-care-administration-leadership-and-management/requirements/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Integrative medicine<ref>{{Cite web |title=Integrative Medicine Eligibility |url=https://www.abpsus.org/integrative-medicine-eligibility/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=American Board of Physician Specialties |language=en-US}}</ref> (through [[American Board of Physician Specialties|ABPS]], only in select states)
* [[Nutritionist|Nutrition Specialist]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=NBPNS Certification – National Board of Physician Nutrition Specialists |url=https://nbpns.org/certification/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=nbpns.org}}</ref>
* [[Obesity medicine|Obesity Medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - American Board of Obesity Medicine |url=https://www.abom.org/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.abom.org |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Occupational and Environmental Medicine <ref>{{Cite web |title=Occupational and Environmental Medicine – American Board of Preventive Medicine |url=https://www.theabpm.org/become-certified/specialties/occupational-medicine/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Public Health and General Preventive Medicine <ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Health and General Preventive Medicine – American Board of Preventive Medicine |url=https://www.theabpm.org/become-certified/specialties/public-health-general-preventive-medicine/ |access-date=2023-11-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Pain management|Pain Medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>
* Spinal cord injury medicine <ref>{{Cite web |title=ABPMR - Spinal Cord Injury Medicine |url=https://www.abpmr.org/Subspecialties/SCIM |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.abpmr.org}}</ref>
* [[Sleep medicine]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Index -- AAFP |url=https://www.aafp.org/medical-education/directory/fellowship/search?cmpid=_van_849 |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.aafp.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Added Qualifications {{!}} ABFM {{!}} American Board of Family Medicine |url=https://www.theabfm.org/added-qualifications |access-date=2023-11-19 |website=www.theabfm.org}}</ref>

====Internal Medicine ''or'' Pediatrics====
* [[Adolescent Medicine]]
* Allergy/[[Immunology]]
* [[Cardiology]]
* [[Child abuse]] ([[pediatrics]] only)
* [[Intensive-care medicine|Critical care medicine]]
* [[Emergency medicine]]
* [[Endocrinology]]
* [[Gastroenterology]]
* [[Hematology]]
* [[Infectious diseases]]
* [[Neonatology]] ([[pediatrics]] only)
* [[Nephrology]]
* [[Oncology]]
* [[Pulmonology]]
* [[Rheumatology]]

====General Surgery====
<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acgme.org/Specialties/Overview/pfcatid/24/Surgery/|title=Surgery|website=www.acgme.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fellowshipcouncil.org/directory-of-fellowships/|title=Non-ACGME Surgery|website=www.fellowshipcouncil.org|language=en-US|access-date=2022-03-11}}</ref>
* [[Surgical oncology|Complex General Surgical Oncology]]
* [[Hand surgery|Hand Surgery]]
* [[Pediatric surgery|Pediatric Surgery]]
* [[Trauma surgery|Trauma, Burns, and Surgical Critical Care]]
* [[Vascular surgery|Vascular Surgery]]
* [[Colorectal surgery|Colon and Rectal Surgery]]
* [[Cardiothoracic surgery|Thoracic Surgery]]
* [[Hospice and palliative medicine]]
* [[Plastic surgery|Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery]]
Non-ACGME Accredited Fellowships:
* Abdominal Transplant Surgery
* Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery
* [[Laparoscopy|Advanced Gastrointestinal, Minimally Invasive, Foregut]], and [[Bariatric Surgery]]
* [[Breast surgery|Breast Surgery]]
* [[Endocrine surgery|Endocrine Surgery]]

====Neurology====
* Vascular Neurology
* Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology (Interventional Neurology, or Neurointerventional Radiology [NIR])
* Neurocritical Care
* Clinical Neurophysiology
* Epilepsy
* Movement Disorder
* Dementia/Behavioral Neurology
* Neuroimmunology/Multiple Sclerosis
* Neuro-oncology
* Neuro-ophthalmology
* Neuro-otology
* Geriatric Neurology
* Headache Medicine
* Sleep Medicine
* Neurohospitalist
* Neurorehabilitation
* Sports Neurology

====ObGyn====
<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nrmp.org/fellowships/obstetricsgynecology-match/|title=Obstetrics / Gynecology Match - The Match, National Resident Matching Program|work=The Match, National Resident Matching Program|access-date=2017-12-19|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.acgme.org/Specialties/Overview/pfcatid/12/Obstetrics%20and%20Gynecology/|title=Obstetrics and Gynecology|website=www.acgme.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>
* Gynecologic Oncology
* [[Maternal–fetal medicine|Maternal Fetal Medicine]]
* Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
* Reproductive Endocrinology
* Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery<sup>1</sup>
* Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology<sup>1</sup>
<sup>1</sup> Not officially recognized as a subspecialty by the American Board of Obstetrics/Gynecology or the American College of Obstetrics/Gynecologists.

====Ophthalmology====
* Cornea
* Glaucoma
* Medical retina
* Neuro-ophthalmology
* Oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery
* Oncology
* Pathology
* Pediatric
* Refractive
* Uveitis
* Vitreoretinal surgery

====Psychiatry====
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acgme.org/Specialties/Overview/pfcatid/21/Psychiatry/|title=Psychiatry|website=www.acgme.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-08-09}}</ref>
* Addiction Medicine
* Addiction Psychiatry
* Brain Injury Medicine
* Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
* Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry
* Forensic Psychiatry
* Geriatric Psychiatry
* Headache Medicine
* Hospice and Palliative Medicine
* Sleep Medicine

====Urology====
* Pediatric
* Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
* Urologic Oncology
* Endourology

====[[Orthopaedic]]====
* Hand
* Sports Medicine
* Pediatrics
* Spine
* Foot and Ankle
* Joint replacement
* Trauma
* Oncology<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.facs.org/education/resources/medical-students/faq/specialties|title=What are the surgical specialties?|website=American College of Surgeons|language=en|access-date=2017-12-19}}</ref>

====Other====
* [[Urogynecology|Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery]]
* [[Hematopathology]]
* [[Cytopathology]]
* [[Traumatologist]]
* [[Clinical Informatics]] (multiple specialties)
* [[Geriatrics]]
* [[Hospice and Palliative Medicine]]
* [[Interventional Radiology]]
* [[Sleep medicine]] (multiple specialties)
* [[Sports medicine]] (multiple specialties)
* [[Liver transplantation|Transplant hepatology]]


===Requirements===
===Requirements===

Revision as of 18:43, 21 November 2023

A fellowship is the period of medical training, in the United States and Canada, that a physician, dentist, or veterinarian may undertake after completing a specialty training program (residency). During this time (usually more than one year), the physician is known as a fellow. Fellows are capable of acting as an attending physician or a consultant physician in the specialist field in which they were trained, such as internal medicine or pediatrics. After completing a fellowship in the relevant sub-specialty, the physician is permitted to practice without direct supervision by other physicians in that sub-specialty, such as cardiology or oncology.

United States

In the US, the majority of fellowships are accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education ("ACGME") or, to a lesser extent, the American Board of Physician Specialties in select states. There are fellowship programs that are not ACGME accredited, yet are well received, given the importance of being a Board-Certified Physician in a primary specialty, where a Fellowship is often more based on demand and research productivity.[1]

Requirements

In general, ACGME accredited programs require completion of ACGME-accredited, RCPSC-accredited or CFPC- accredited residency program, however, exceptions for an ACGME-International- accredited residency programs and non-ACGME-accredited residency programs are possible.[2] International medical graduates must be ECFMG certified. Some fellowship specialties require participation in special matching programs like Specialties Matching Service® (SMS®) or SF Match.[3]

Combined fellowships

There are a number of programs offering a combined fellowship, training in two or more sub-specialties as part of a single program.

  • Pulmonary/Critical Care: this type of program is more common than Pulmonary Disease (non-combination) programs. As of 2007, there were 130 ACGME-accredited combined Pulmonary/Critical Care programs while only 25 programs for Pulmonary Disease alone.
  • Hematology/Oncology: as of 2005, there were 125 ACGME-accredited programs for Hematology-Oncology, while only 12 programs for Hematology alone and 18 for Oncology alone.
  • Geriatrics/Oncology: the American Board of Internal Medicine approved a 3-year combined fellowship training program in medical oncology and geriatrics. The John A. Hartford Foundation initially funded 10 institutions for this type of training.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Residencies & Fellowships - Graduate Medical Education - Stanford University School of Medicine". med.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-19.
  2. ^ "Eligibility Requirements – Fellowship Programs".
  3. ^ "Fellowship before residency in the USA".
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