John Two Guns White Calf: Difference between revisions
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'''John Two Guns White Calf''' (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns<ref name="Bates">{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Erica Margaret |title=The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313306235 |page=141}}</ref>) (1872–1934<ref name="Estes"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Battle for the Blackfeet |url=https://flatheadbeacon.com/2013/10/23/battle-for-the-blackfeet/ |website=Flathead Beacon |access-date=30 June 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2013}}</ref>) was a [[tribal chief#United States|chief]] of the [[Piegan Blackfeet]] in [[Montana]]. He was born near [[Fort Benton, Montana]], and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf.<ref name="Bates"/> After the elder White Calf died in |
'''John Two Guns White Calf''' (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns<ref name="Bates">{{cite book |last1=Bates |first1=Erica Margaret |title=The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History |date=1999 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313306235 |page=141}}</ref>) (1872–1934<ref name="Estes"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Battle for the Blackfeet |url=https://flatheadbeacon.com/2013/10/23/battle-for-the-blackfeet/ |website=Flathead Beacon |access-date=30 June 2022 |language=en |date=23 October 2013}}</ref>) was a [[tribal chief#United States|chief]] of the [[Piegan Blackfeet]] in [[Montana]]. He was born near [[Fort Benton, Montana]], and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf.<ref name="Bates"/> After the elder White Calf died in 1903, while a guest of President T. Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., White Calf became the last chief of the Blackfoot Tribe.<ref name="Estes">{{cite web |last1=Estes |first1=Roberta |title=John Two Guns White Calf |url=https://nativeheritageproject.com/2012/05/21/john-two-guns-white-calf/ |website=Native Heritage Project |access-date=30 June 2022 |language=en |date=21 May 2012}}</ref> He died of [[pneumonia]] at the age of 63 and is buried in a [[Catholic]] cemetery in [[Browning, Montana]].<ref name="Estes"/><ref name="Bates"/> |
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== Promotional career == |
== Promotional career == |
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Revision as of 00:19, 11 December 2023
John Two Guns White Calf (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns[1]) (1872–1934[2][3]) was a chief of the Piegan Blackfeet in Montana. He was born near Fort Benton, Montana, and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf.[1] After the elder White Calf died in 1903, while a guest of President T. Roosevelt in Washington, D.C., White Calf became the last chief of the Blackfoot Tribe.[2] He died of pneumonia at the age of 63 and is buried in a Catholic cemetery in Browning, Montana.[2][1]
Promotional career
He became famous for his work promoting the Glacier National Park for the Great Northern Railway.[1][2][4]: 222 In 1912, he travelled with several other Blackfeet to the 1912 United States Land Show in Chicago to make what was possibly the first publicity trip for the tribe.[5] He also claimed to be the model for the profile on the Indian head nickel. The sculptor, James Earle Fraser, said that the image he used was a composite of several people.[1]: 141 [6]
Washington Redskins
In 1971, Walter Wetzel, a Blackfeet tribal council member, created the Washington Redskins logo.[7][8] He used Two Guns White Calf's image as the basis for the logo. Concerns caused the team to change the logo in 2020.[9][8] The team officially changed their name to The Washington Commanders in 2022.[10]
References
- ^ a b c d e Bates, Erica Margaret (1999). The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History. Greenwood Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780313306235.
- ^ a b c d Estes, Roberta (May 21, 2012). "John Two Guns White Calf". Native Heritage Project. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ "Battle for the Blackfeet". Flathead Beacon. October 23, 2013. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ Andrew R. Graybill (2013), The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780871404459
- ^ Beck, David R. M.; LaPier, Rosalyn R. (May 2015). City Indian: Native American Activism in Chicago, 1893-1934. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803278486.
- ^ VanRyzin, Robert R. (October 2009). Fascinating Facts, Mysteries and Myths About U.S. Coins. F+W Media. ISBN 978-1440225376.
- ^ Connell, Ryan. "The man behind the logo: The story of Walter "Blackie" Wetzel". ABC FOX Montana. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ a b BLASCO 406mtsports.com, JASON. "Washington Redskins logo has deep connection to Blackfeet reservation, Wetzel family". 406 MT SPORTS. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Native American son of Redskins logo designer says it's not offensive, calls the change 'hard'". wusa9.com. July 13, 2020. Retrieved March 8, 2023.
- ^ Bowman, Emma (February 6, 2022). "For many Native Americans, the Washington Commanders' new name offers some closure". NPR News.
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