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* [[Ghazi Kanaan]] (2002–2004)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/5016428|title=A rather convenient suicide|newspaper=The Economist|date=12 October 2005|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Ghazi Kanaan]] (2002–2004)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/5016428|title=A rather convenient suicide|newspaper=The Economist|date=12 October 2005|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref>
* Muhammad Mansoura (2004–2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/Joshua.M.Landis-1/syriablog1/2005/06/bahjat-suleiman-moved-along-with-other.htm|title=Bahjat Suleiman Moved along with Other Security Chiefs|publisher=Syria Comment|date=19 June 2005|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09DAMASCUS168&q=political-security-department%20syria|title=Political security department|publisher=Cablegatesearch|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002122851/http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09DAMASCUS168&q=political-security-department%20syria|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Muhammad Mansoura (2004–2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/L/Joshua.M.Landis-1/syriablog1/2005/06/bahjat-suleiman-moved-along-with-other.htm|title=Bahjat Suleiman Moved along with Other Security Chiefs|publisher=Syria Comment|date=19 June 2005|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09DAMASCUS168&q=political-security-department%20syria|title=Political security department|publisher=Cablegatesearch|accessdate=8 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002122851/http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=09DAMASCUS168&q=political-security-department%20syria|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>

:* Deputy Director: [[Jamil Hassan]] (2004–2009)

*[[Mohammed Dib Zaitoun]] (2009 – July 2012)<ref name="foreignaffairs1">{{cite news|author=Ahed Al Hendi|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67823/ahed-al-hendi/the-structure-of-syrias-repression?page=show|title=The Structure of Syria's Repression|newspaper=Foreign Affairs|date=3 May 2011|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle|publisher=BBC|date=30 July 2012|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref>
*[[Mohammed Dib Zaitoun]] (2009 – July 2012)<ref name="foreignaffairs1">{{cite news|author=Ahed Al Hendi|url=http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67823/ahed-al-hendi/the-structure-of-syrias-repression?page=show|title=The Structure of Syria's Repression|newspaper=Foreign Affairs|date=3 May 2011|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13216195 |title=Bashar al-Assad's inner circle|publisher=BBC|date=30 July 2012|accessdate=8 March 2013}}</ref>
*[[Rustum Ghazali]] (July 2012 – 24 April 2015)
*[[Rustum Ghazali]] (July 2012 – 24 April 2015)

Revision as of 17:07, 10 December 2023

Political Security Directorate
إدارة الأمن السياسي
Idarat al-Amn al-Siyasi
Agency overview
JurisdictionGovernment of Syria
HeadquartersDamascus, Syria
Agency executive
  • Maj. Gen. Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb, Director
Parent agencyMinistry of Interior

The Political Security Directorate (PSD, Template:Lang-ar) is an intelligence service of the Syrian government. It is divided into an Internal Security Department and an External Security Department.[1] Intelligence division is affiliated to the Ministry of Interior. It is responsible for surveillance of the satellite parties of National Progressive Front and is active against the Syrian opposition.[2][3] It monitors literature, print publications, political dissent, and all media outlets.[1][4][5] This intelligence service has been headed by Major General Ghaith Shafeeq Deeb since February 5, 2021.[6]

Directors


  • Head of Investigative branch: Brig. Gen. Makhmoud al-Khattib (2011).[14]
  • Head of Operations branch: Brig. Gen. Mohamed Heikmat Ibrahim (2011).[14]

Regional Directors

  • Daraa branch: Atef Najib (2011), the European Union sanctioned him for "being responsible for the violence against protesters in Daraa during the Syrian uprising".[16] He was replaced by Brig. Gen. Nasser Al-Ali.[14]

Other Syrian intelligence agencies

References

  1. ^ a b "Herzliya Conference Bashar's Syria" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Syria, Intelligence and Security". Espionageinfo. Archived from the original on 13 October 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  3. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC News. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
  4. ^ Paul Todd; Jonathan Bloch (8 November 2003). Global Intelligence: The World's Secret Services Today. Zed Books. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-84277-113-6. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC News. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022.
  6. ^ "Installing Major General Ghaith Shafiq Fayyad Deeb as Head of Political Security". Syria Today (in Arabic). 1 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 December 2021.
  7. ^ Rathmell, Andrew (1996). "Syria's Intelligence Services: Origins and Development". The Journal of Conflict Studies. 16 (2). Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  8. ^ Worldwide, Keesings (2002). The Annual Register: A Record of World Events 2002 - Keesings Worldwide. ISBN 9781886994461. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  9. ^ "A rather convenient suicide". The Economist. 12 October 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  10. ^ "Bahjat Suleiman Moved along with Other Security Chiefs". Syria Comment. 19 June 2005. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  11. ^ "Political security department". Cablegatesearch. Archived from the original on 2 October 2013. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  12. ^ Ahed Al Hendi (3 May 2011). "The Structure of Syria's Repression". Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  13. ^ "Bashar al-Assad's inner circle". BBC. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  14. ^ a b c "By all means necessary" (PDF). Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 8 March 2013.
  15. ^ a b Jihad Yazigi (24 September 2019). "Who's Who: Major General Husam Muhammad Louka". The Syrian Observer. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  16. ^ "Joint Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION concerning restrictive measures in view of the situation in Syria and repealing Regulation (EU) No 442/2011". EuroLex. 52011PC0887. 2011. Retrieved 10 March 2012.
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