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m Reverted edit by 2A02:C7C:62A2:4D00:D9C9:7A21:F803:DCF5 (talk) to last version by 2A02:C7C:D481:F100:88F1:B89B:B0EB:9C89
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| father = [[George II of Great Britain]]
| father = [[George II of Great Britain]]
| mother = [[Caroline of Ansbach]]
| mother = [[Caroline of Ansbach]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1723|3|5|df=y}} ([[Old Style and New Style dates|New Style]])
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1723|3|5|df=y}} ([[New Style]])
| birth_place = [[Leicester House, Westminster|Leicester House]], [[London]], England
| birth_place = [[Leicester House, Westminster|Leicester House]], [[London]], England
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1772|1|14|1723|3|5|df=yes}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1772|1|14|1723|3|5|df=yes}}
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}}</ref> For the marriage, [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] voted Mary £40,000.<ref name=odnb/>
}}</ref> For the marriage, [[Parliament of Great Britain|Parliament]] voted Mary £40,000.<ref name=odnb/>


They [[proxy marriage|married by proxy]] at the Chapel Royal of [[St. James's Palace]] in [[London]] on 8 May, then in person on 28 June 1740 at [[Bellevue Palace, Kassel|Bellevue Palace]], [[Kassel]].<ref name=Weir284/>
They [[married by proxy]] at the Chapel Royal of [[St. James's Palace]] in [[London]] on 8 May, then in person on 28 June 1740 at [[Bellevue Palace, Kassel|Bellevue Palace]], [[Kassel]].<ref name=Weir284/>
They had four sons, three of whom survived to adulthood.<ref name=odnb/>
They had four sons, three of whom survived to adulthood.<ref name=odnb/>


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|11 September 1747
|11 September 1747
|20 May 1837
|20 May 1837
|married, 1786, [[Princess Caroline of Nassau-Usingen|Caroline of Nassau-Usingen]]; had issue
|married, 1786, [[Caroline of Nassau-Usingen]]; had issue
|}
|}


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|1= 1. '''Princess Mary of Great Britain'''
|1= 1. '''Princess Mary of Great Britain'''
|2= 2. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|2= 2. [[George II of Great Britain]]
|3= 3. [[Caroline of Ansbach|Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|3= 3. [[Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach]]
|4= 4. [[George I of Great Britain]]
|4= 4. [[George I of Great Britain]]
|5= 5. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle]]
|5= 5. [[Sophia Dorothea of Celle|Duchess Sophia Dorothea of Brunswick-Celle]]
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|7= 7. [[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|7= 7. [[Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|8= 8. [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]]
|8= 8. [[Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover]]
|9= 9. [[Sophia of Hanover|Princess Sophia of the Palatinate]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Sophia of the Palatinate]]
|10= 10. [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|10= 10. [[George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|11= 11. [[Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse]]
|11= 11. [[Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse]]
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|13= 13. [[Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen|Countess Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen]]
|13= 13. [[Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen|Countess Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen]]
|14= 14. [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|14= 14. [[John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach]]
|15= 15. [[Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein (1632–1701)|Johannetta, Countess of Sayn-Altenkirchen]]
|15= 15. [[Johannetta, Countess of Sayn-Altenkirchen]]
}}
}}


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{{s-vac|last=[[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]]}}
{{s-vac|last=[[Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel]]|years=1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel]]|years=1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Margravine Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt|Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]}}
{{s-vac|next=[[Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


Revision as of 13:23, 2 February 2024

For other persons known as Princess Mary, see Princess Mary (disambiguation).

Princess Mary
Portrait by Johann Heinrich Tischbein, c. 1754
Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
Tenure1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772
Born(1723-03-05)5 March 1723 (New Style)
Leicester House, London, England
Died14 January 1772(1772-01-14) (aged 48)
Hanau, Germany
Burial1 February 1772
Hanau, Germany
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1740; sep. 1754)​
Issue
HouseHanover
FatherGeorge II of Great Britain
MotherCaroline of Ansbach

Mary of Great Britain (5 March 1723 – 14 January 1772) was the second-youngest daughter of George II of Great Britain and his wife, Caroline of Ansbach, and Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel as the wife of Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.

Early life

Princess Mary

Princess Mary was born at Leicester House, Westminster, London.[1] Her father was the Prince of Wales, later King George II. Her mother was Caroline of Ansbach, daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.[1]

Her father succeeded, as George II, on 11 June 1727, and she became "HRH The Princess Mary". Upon her death in 1737, her mother, Queen Caroline, entrusted Mary to her elder sister Caroline, urging her to "do what she could to support the meek and mild disposition of Princess Mary".[2]

Marriage

Mary as Hereditary Princess of Hesse-Kassel with her family in 1754. Painting by Johann Heinrich Tischbein.

A marriage was negotiated with Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Kassel, the only son and heir of William VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel.[3] For the marriage, Parliament voted Mary £40,000.[3]

They married by proxy at the Chapel Royal of St. James's Palace in London on 8 May, then in person on 28 June 1740 at Bellevue Palace, Kassel.[1] They had four sons, three of whom survived to adulthood.[3]

The marriage was unhappy, and Frederick was said to be "brutal" and "a boor". Frederick reportedly subjected Mary to spousal abuse.[4] In late 1746, Mary made an extended trip to Britain to escape his maltreatment. The couple separated in 1754 on Frederick's conversion to Roman Catholicism. She was supported by her father-in-law, who provided her with a residence in Hanau, as she did not wish to return to Great Britain, but to stay on the continent to raise her children.[4]

In 1756, Mary moved to Denmark, to take care of the children of her sister Louise of Great Britain, who had died in 1751. She took her children with her, and they were raised at the royal court and her sons were married to Danish princesses. Her husband succeeded his father as Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel in 1760, and so Mary was technically Landgravine consort for the last twelve years of her life, despite her estrangement from her husband.

Mary died on 14 or 16 January 1772, aged 48 at Hanau, Germany.[1]

Archive Information

Mary's personal library and documents are preserved in the Archive of the House of Hesse, which is kept in Fasanerie Palace in Eichenzell, Hesse, Germany.[5]

Arms

On 30 August 1727, as a child of the sovereign, Mary was granted use of the arms of the realm, differenced by a label argent of three points, each bearing a canton gules.[6]

Issue

Name Birth Death Notes
Prince William of Hesse-Kassel 25 December 1741 1 July 1742 died in infancy
William I, Elector of Hesse 3 June 1743 27 February 1821 married, 1763, Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway; had issue
Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel 19 December 1744 17 August 1836 married, 1766, Louise of Denmark; had issue
Prince Frederick of Hesse-Kassel 11 September 1747 20 May 1837 married, 1786, Caroline of Nassau-Usingen; had issue

Ancestors

References

  1. ^ a b c d Weir, Alison (2008). Britain's Royal Families, The Complete Genealogy. London: Vintage Books. p. 284. ISBN 978-0-09-953973-5.
  2. ^ Michael A. Beatty: The English Royal Family of America, from Jamestown to the American Revolution
  3. ^ a b c Williamson, David (2004). "Mary, Princess (1723–1772)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18253. Retrieved 15 March 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  4. ^ a b James Panton:Historical Dictionary of the British Monarchy
  5. ^ "House of Hesse Archive". Museum Schloss Fasanerie. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  6. ^ Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Princess Mary of Great Britain.
Princess Mary of Great Britain
Cadet branch of the House of Welf
Born: 5 March 1723 Died: 14 January 1772
German royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden 		Landgravine consort of Hesse-Kassel
1 February 1760 – 14 January 1772 		Vacant
Title next held by
Philippine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
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