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==Plot summary==
==Plot summary==
[[File:Farr as Louka.jpg|frame|Production photograph of [[Florence Farr]] portraying Louka in ''Arms and the Man,'' 1894]]
[[File:Farr as Louka.jpg|frame|Production photograph of [[Florence Farr]] portraying Louka in ''Arms and the Man,'' 1894]]
[[File:Smith_College_Club_of_St._Louis_presents_Arms_and_the_Man_by_Shaw,_1908.jpg|thumb|right|Actors of the [[Smith College]] Club of St. Louis are sketched rehearsing for an all-woman amateur benefit performance of George Bernard Shaw's "Arms and the Man" in December 1908. No men were allowed in the rehearsals or at the performance. The illustration is by [[Marguerite Martyn]] of the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch.''<ref>[https://stltoday.newspapers.com/image/138905979/?terms=Marguerite%2BMartyn Marguerite Martyn, "College Girls Swear Real Swears in "Arms and Man," ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch,'' December 13, 1908,, Part 6, Page 1]</ref>]]
[[File:Smith_College_Club_of_St._Louis_presents_Arms_and_the_Man_by_Shaw,_1908.jpg|thumb|right|Actors of the [[Smith College]] Club of St. Louis are sketched rehearsing for an all-woman amateur benefit performance of George Bernard Shaw's "Arms and the Man" in December 1908. No men were allowed in the rehearsals or at the performance. The illustration is by [[Marguerite Martyn]] of the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch.''<ref>{{cite web | url=https://stltoday.newspapers.com/image/138905979/?terms=Marguerite%2BMartyn | first=Marguerite | last=Martyn | title=College Girls Swear Real Swears in "Arms and Man | newspaper=St. Louis Post-Dispatch | date=13 December 1908 | page=Part 6, Page 1}}</ref>]]
The play takes place during the 1885 [[Serbo-Bulgarian War]]. Its heroine, Raina Petkoff, is a young Bulgarian woman engaged to Sergius Saranoff, one of the heroes of that war, whom she idolizes. On the night after the [[Battle of Slivnitsa|Battle of Slivnitza]], a [[Swiss mercenaries|Swiss mercenary soldier]] in the Serbian army, Captain Bluntschli, climbs in through her bedroom balcony window and threatens to shoot Raina if she gives the alarm. When Russian and Bulgarian troops burst in to search the house for him, Raina hides him so that he won't be killed. He asks her to remember that "nine soldiers out of ten are born fools." In a conversation after the soldiers have left, Bluntschli's pragmatic and cynical attitude towards war and soldiering shocks the idealistic Raina, especially after he admits that he uses his ammunition pouches to carry chocolates rather than cartridges for his pistol. When the search dies down, Raina and her mother Catherine sneak Bluntschli out of the house, disguised in one of Raina's father's old coats.
The play takes place during the 1885 [[Serbo-Bulgarian War]]. Its heroine, Raina Petkoff, is a young Bulgarian woman engaged to Sergius Saranoff, one of the heroes of that war, whom she idolizes. On the night after the [[Battle of Slivnitsa|Battle of Slivnitza]], a [[Swiss mercenaries|Swiss mercenary soldier]] in the Serbian army, Captain Bluntschli, climbs in through her bedroom balcony window and threatens to shoot Raina if she gives the alarm. When Russian and Bulgarian troops burst in to search the house for him, Raina hides him so that he won't be killed. He asks her to remember that "nine soldiers out of ten are born fools." In a conversation after the soldiers have left, Bluntschli's pragmatic and cynical attitude towards war and soldiering shocks the idealistic Raina, especially after he admits that he uses his ammunition pouches to carry chocolates rather than cartridges for his pistol. When the search dies down, Raina and her mother Catherine sneak Bluntschli out of the house, disguised in one of Raina's father's old coats.


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* The most prestigious London revival was directed by [[John Burrell (director)|John Burrell]] for The [[Old Vic Theatre|Old Vic]] Company at the [[Noël Coward Theatre|New Theatre]], which opened on 5 September 1944, starring [[Ralph Richardson]] (Bluntschli), [[Margaret Leighton]] (Raina Petkoff), [[Joyce Redman]] (Louka), and [[Laurence Olivier]] (Major Sergius Saranoff). "Olivier thought Sergius a humbug, a buffoon, a blackguard, a coward, 'a bloody awful part' until [[Tyrone Guthrie]] said he would never succeed in the role until he learned to love Sergius. Olivier, spurred and moustachioed, was high camp": Robert Tanitch.<ref>London Stage in the 20th Century, by Robert Tanitch, Haus (2007) {{ISBN|978-1-904950-74-5}}</ref>
* The most prestigious London revival was directed by [[John Burrell (director)|John Burrell]] for The [[Old Vic Theatre|Old Vic]] Company at the [[Noël Coward Theatre|New Theatre]], which opened on 5 September 1944, starring [[Ralph Richardson]] (Bluntschli), [[Margaret Leighton]] (Raina Petkoff), [[Joyce Redman]] (Louka), and [[Laurence Olivier]] (Major Sergius Saranoff). "Olivier thought Sergius a humbug, a buffoon, a blackguard, a coward, 'a bloody awful part' until [[Tyrone Guthrie]] said he would never succeed in the role until he learned to love Sergius. Olivier, spurred and moustachioed, was high camp": Robert Tanitch.<ref>London Stage in the 20th Century, by Robert Tanitch, Haus (2007) {{ISBN|978-1-904950-74-5}}</ref>
* A revival production ran at [[New York City]]'s Arena Theatre from 19 October 1950 to 21 January 1951, for a total of 108 performances. The cast included [[Lee Grant]] as Raina, [[Francis Lederer]] as Bluntschli and [[Sam Wanamaker]] as Sergius.
* A revival production ran at [[New York City]]'s Arena Theatre from 19 October 1950 to 21 January 1951, for a total of 108 performances. The cast included [[Lee Grant]] as Raina, [[Francis Lederer]] as Bluntschli and [[Sam Wanamaker]] as Sergius.
* [[Marlon Brando]]'s final stage appearance was in ''Arms and the Man'' in 1953. He gathered friends who were fellow actors into a company for a summer stock production. He chose to play Sergius while [[William Redfield (actor)|William Redfield]] starred as Bluntschli.<ref>Variety staff (July 8, 1953). [https://www.mediafire.com/view/lkr9mv6svpd8nbf/ "Brando Picks Barn Trek (At Nominal $125 Wage) to Give Jobs to Friends"]. ''Variety''. pp.&nbsp;1, 14. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref><ref>Dias (July 15, 1953). [https://www.mediafire.com/view/8f1bmtrbrtbchvj/ Legitimate – Straw Hat Reviews: Arms and the Man]. ''Variety'' . p.&nbsp;58. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</ref> The show was produced on the college circuit as well in the 1950s.<ref name=Arms54>{{cite magazine| title=Players to Give Drama by Shaw | magazine=[[Star Tribune|The Minneapolis Star]]|date=3 May 1954 }}</ref>
* [[Marlon Brando]]'s final stage appearance was in ''Arms and the Man'' in 1953. He gathered friends who were fellow actors into a company for a summer stock production. He chose to play Sergius while [[William Redfield (actor)|William Redfield]] starred as Bluntschli.<ref>Variety staff (8 July 1953). [https://www.mediafire.com/view/lkr9mv6svpd8nbf/ "Brando Picks Barn Trek (At Nominal $125 Wage) to Give Jobs to Friends"]. ''Variety''. pp.&nbsp;1, 14. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref><ref>Dias (15 July 1953). [https://www.mediafire.com/view/8f1bmtrbrtbchvj/ Legitimate – Straw Hat Reviews: Arms and the Man]. ''Variety'' . p.&nbsp;58. Retrieved 21 November 2021.</ref> The show was produced on the college circuit as well in the 1950s.<ref name=Arms54>{{cite magazine| title=Players to Give Drama by Shaw | magazine=[[Star Tribune|The Minneapolis Star]]|date=3 May 1954 }}</ref>
* [[Carroll Baker]], following her enormous success in [[Baby Doll]], toured in the play in the summer of 1957.
* [[Carroll Baker]], following her enormous success in [[Baby Doll]], toured in the play in the summer of 1957.
* The play was produced in 1982 at the [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]], with [[Brian Bedford]] as Bluntschli and [[Len Cariou]] as Sergius.
* The play was produced in 1982 at the [[Stratford Shakespeare Festival]], with [[Brian Bedford]] as Bluntschli and [[Len Cariou]] as Sergius.
* The [[Studio Arena Theater]] in Buffalo, New York, put on a production of ''Arms and the Man'' in 1983 with [[Kelsey Grammer]] as Sergius.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Studio Arena|date=1 January 1984|title=Playbill for Arms and the Man|journal=Studio Arena Programs|url=http://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/saprograms/44/}}</ref>
* The [[Studio Arena Theater]] in Buffalo, New York, put on a production of ''Arms and the Man'' in 1983 with [[Kelsey Grammer]] as Sergius.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Studio Arena|date=1 January 1984|title=Playbill for Arms and the Man|journal=Studio Arena Programs|url=http://digitalcommons.buffalostate.edu/saprograms/44/}}</ref>
* A [[Channel 4]] television production in 1983<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1507561|title=IMDB BBC production Arms and the man (1983)|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> starring [[Richard Briers]] as Captain Bluntschli, [[Peter Egan]] as Major Sergius Saranoff, [[Alice Krige]] as Raina and [[Anna Nygh]] as Louka.
* A [[Channel 4]] television production in 1983<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1507561|title=IMDB BBC production Arms and the man (1983)|website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> starring [[Richard Briers]] as Captain Bluntschli, [[Peter Egan]] as Major Sergius Saranoff, [[Alice Krige]] as Raina and [[Anna Nygh]] as Louka.{{fact}}
* In 1985 [[John Malkovich]] directed a revival production at [[New York City]]'s [[Circle in the Square Theatre]] starring [[Kevin Kline]] as Bluntschli (later replaced by Malkovich after Kline's departure), [[Glenne Headly]] as Raina and [[Raul Julia]] as Sergius. The production ran from 30 May to 1 September 1985, for a total of 109 performances.
* In 1985 [[John Malkovich]] directed a revival production at [[New York City]]'s [[Circle in the Square Theatre]] starring [[Kevin Kline]] as Bluntschli (later replaced by Malkovich after Kline's departure), [[Glenne Headly]] as Raina and [[Raul Julia]] as Sergius. The production ran from 30 May to 1 September 1985, for a total of 109 performances.{{fact}}
* The [[BBC]] produced a second made-for-TV version<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcamericashop.com/default.asp?cpa=product&id=3734&ctl=81&cc=21242&tt= |title=Home at BBC Shop |publisher=Bbcamericashop.com |access-date=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311073137/http://www.bbcamericashop.com/default.asp?cpa=product&id=3734&ctl=81&cc=21242&tt= |archive-date=11 March 2012 }}</ref> in 1989, directed by [[James Cellan Jones]], starring [[Helena Bonham Carter]] as Raina, [[Pip Torrens]] as Bluntschli, [[Patrick Ryecart]] as Sergius and [[Patsy Kensit]] as Louka.
* The [[BBC]] produced a second made-for-TV version<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbcamericashop.com/default.asp?cpa=product&id=3734&ctl=81&cc=21242&tt= |title=Home at BBC Shop |publisher=Bbcamericashop.com |access-date=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311073137/http://www.bbcamericashop.com/default.asp?cpa=product&id=3734&ctl=81&cc=21242&tt= |archive-date=11 March 2012 }}</ref> in 1989, directed by [[James Cellan Jones]], starring [[Helena Bonham Carter]] as Raina, [[Pip Torrens]] as Bluntschli, [[Patrick Ryecart]] as Sergius and [[Patsy Kensit]] as Louka.{{fact}}
* The 1991 production by Channel Theatre Company opened the Malvern Festival before touring the UK. Directed by Philip Dart it featured Sebastian Abineri, Steven Pinner, Juliette Kaplan, Charles Stapley, Mary Woodvine, Andrew Wheaton, Susan Gott and Colin Atkins.
* The 1991 production by Channel Theatre Company opened the Malvern Festival before touring the UK. Directed by Philip Dart it featured Sebastian Abineri, Steven Pinner, Juliette Kaplan, Charles Stapley, Mary Woodvine, Andrew Wheaton, Susan Gott and Colin Atkins.{{fact}}
* In 2011 the play was presented by the [[Guthrie Theater]] in Minneapolis, Minnesota; The Seattle Public Theater; and the Constellation Theatre Company in Washington, D.C.
* In 2011 the play was presented by the [[Guthrie Theater]] in Minneapolis, Minnesota; The Seattle Public Theater; and the Constellation Theatre Company in Washington, D.C.{{fact}}
* In the summer of 2013, [[Odyssey Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odysseytheatre.ca |title=odysseytheatre.ca |publisher=odysseytheatre.ca |date=9 December 2013 |access-date=21 January 2014}}</ref> in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada performed a masked performance of this play.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odysseytheatre.ca/index.php/events/theatre-under-the-stars/|title=Odyssey Theatre / Theatre Under the Stars}}</ref>
* In the summer of 2013, [[Odyssey Theatre]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odysseytheatre.ca |title=odysseytheatre.ca |publisher=odysseytheatre.ca |date=9 December 2013 |access-date=21 January 2014}}</ref> in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Canada performed a masked performance of this play.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.odysseytheatre.ca/index.php/events/theatre-under-the-stars/|title=Odyssey Theatre / Theatre Under the Stars}}</ref>
* The [[Shaw Festival]] at [[Niagara-on-the-Lake|Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario]], has performed the play a number of times: in 1967, 1976, 1986, 1994, 2006 and 2014, the last directed by [[Morris Panych]].<ref>[http://www.shawfest.com/about-the-shaw/mandate-and-history/ "History"], Shaw Festival, accessed 5 January 2016</ref>
* The [[Shaw Festival]] at [[Niagara-on-the-Lake|Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario]], has performed the play a number of times: in 1967, 1976, 1986, 1994, 2006 and 2014, the last directed by [[Morris Panych]].<ref>[http://www.shawfest.com/about-the-shaw/mandate-and-history/ "History"], Shaw Festival, accessed 5 January 2016</ref>
* The play opened at the [[American Shakespeare Center]]'s [[Blackfriars Playhouse]] in [[Staunton, Virginia]], on 29 April 2016 and ran until 11 June.
* The play opened at the [[American Shakespeare Center]]'s [[Blackfriars Playhouse]] in [[Staunton, Virginia]], on 29 April 2016 and ran until 11 June.{{fact}}
* In 2023, the play is produced [[Off-Broadway]] in [[New York City]] at [[Theatre Row (New York City)|Theatre Row]], by [[Gingold Theatrical Group]], and directed by [[David Staller]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keddy |first=Genevieve Rafter |title=Photos: ARMS AND THE MAN Cast and Creative Meets The Press |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/Photos-ARMS-AND-THE-MAN-Cast-and-Creative-Meets-The-Press-20230920 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>
* In 2023, the play is produced [[Off-Broadway]] in [[New York City]] at [[Theatre Row (New York City)|Theatre Row]], by [[Gingold Theatrical Group]], and directed by [[David Staller]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Keddy |first=Genevieve Rafter |title=Photos: ARMS AND THE MAN Cast and Creative Meets The Press |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/off-broadway/article/Photos-ARMS-AND-THE-MAN-Cast-and-Creative-Meets-The-Press-20230920 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=BroadwayWorld.com |language=en}}</ref>


Revision as of 20:03, 13 January 2024

This article is about the play by George Bernard Shaw. For other uses, see Arms and the Man (disambiguation).

Arms and the Man
Shaw at the time of the production of Arms and the Man
Written byGeorge Bernard Shaw
CharactersRaina Petkoff
Sergius Saranoff
Captain Bluntschli
Catherine Petkoff
Major Paul Petkoff
Louka
Nicola[1][2]
Date premiered21 April 1894 (1894-04-21)
Place premieredAvenue Theatre
SubjectLove and war[3][4]

Arms and the Man is a comedy by George Bernard Shaw, whose title comes from the opening words of Virgil's Aeneid, in Latin: Arma virumque cano ("Of arms and the man I sing").[5]

The play was first produced on 21 April 1894 at the Avenue Theatre and published in 1898 as part of Shaw's Plays Pleasant volume, which also included Candida, You Never Can Tell, and The Man of Destiny. Arms and the Man was one of Shaw's first commercial successes. He was called on to stage after the curtain, where he received enthusiastic applause. Amidst the cheers, one audience member booed. Shaw replied, in characteristic fashion, "My dear fellow, I quite agree with you, but what are we two against so many?"[6]

Arms and the Man is a humorous play that shows the futility of war and deals comedically with the hypocrisies of human nature.

Plot summary

Production photograph of Florence Farr portraying Louka in Arms and the Man, 1894
Actors of the Smith College Club of St. Louis are sketched rehearsing for an all-woman amateur benefit performance of George Bernard Shaw's "Arms and the Man" in December 1908. No men were allowed in the rehearsals or at the performance. The illustration is by Marguerite Martyn of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.[7]

The play takes place during the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War. Its heroine, Raina Petkoff, is a young Bulgarian woman engaged to Sergius Saranoff, one of the heroes of that war, whom she idolizes. On the night after the Battle of Slivnitza, a Swiss mercenary soldier in the Serbian army, Captain Bluntschli, climbs in through her bedroom balcony window and threatens to shoot Raina if she gives the alarm. When Russian and Bulgarian troops burst in to search the house for him, Raina hides him so that he won't be killed. He asks her to remember that "nine soldiers out of ten are born fools." In a conversation after the soldiers have left, Bluntschli's pragmatic and cynical attitude towards war and soldiering shocks the idealistic Raina, especially after he admits that he uses his ammunition pouches to carry chocolates rather than cartridges for his pistol. When the search dies down, Raina and her mother Catherine sneak Bluntschli out of the house, disguised in one of Raina's father's old coats.

The war ends, and the Bulgarians and Serbians sign a peace treaty. Raina's father (Major Paul Petkoff) and Sergius both return home. Raina begins to find Sergius both foolhardy and tiresome, but she hides it. Sergius also finds Raina's romantic ideals tiresome, and flirts with Raina's insolent servant girl Louka (a soubrette role), who is engaged to Nicola, the Petkoffs' manservant. Bluntschli unexpectedly returns so that he can give back the old coat, but also so that he can see Raina. Raina and Catherine are shocked, especially when Major Petkoff and Sergius reveal that they have met Bluntschli before and invite him to stay for lunch (and to help them figure out how to send the troops home).

Left alone with Bluntschli, Raina realizes that he sees through her romantic posturing, but that he respects her as a woman, as Sergius does not. She reveals that she left a photograph of herself in the pocket of the coat, inscribed "To my chocolate-cream soldier", but Bluntschli says that he didn't find it and that it must still be in the coat pocket. Bluntschli gets a telegram informing him of his father's death: he must now take over the family business, several luxury hotels in Switzerland.

Louka tells Sergius that Raina protected Bluntschli when he burst into her room and that Raina is really in love with him. Sergius challenges Bluntschli to a duel, but Bluntschli avoids fighting and Sergius and Raina break off their engagement, with some relief on both sides. Major Petkoff discovers the photograph in the pocket of his old coat; Raina and Bluntschli try to remove it before he finds it again, but Petkoff is determined to learn the truth and claims that the "chocolate-cream soldier" is Sergius. After Bluntschli reveals the whole story to Major Petkoff, Sergius proposes marriage to Louka (to Major Petkoff and Catherine's horror); Nicola quietly and gallantly lets Sergius have her, and Bluntschli, recognising Nicola's dedication and ability, offers him a job as hotel manager.

While Raina is now unattached, Bluntschli protests that—being 34 and believing she is 17—he is too old for her. On learning that she is actually 23, he immediately proposes marriage and proves his wealth and position by listing his inheritance from the telegram. Raina, realizing the hollowness of her romantic ideals, protests that she would prefer her poor "chocolate-cream soldier" to this wealthy businessman. Bluntschli says that he is still the same person, and the play ends with Raina proclaiming her love for him and Bluntschli, with Swiss precision, both clears up the major's troop movement problems and informs everyone that he will return to be married to Raina exactly two weeks from that day.

Critical reception

George Orwell said that Arms and the Man was written when Shaw was at the height of his powers as a dramatist. "It is probably the wittiest play he ever wrote, the most flawless technically, and in spite of being a very light comedy, the most telling."[8] His other plays of the period, equally well written, are about issues no longer controversial. For example, the theme of Mrs. Warren's Profession, which so shocked audiences at the time, was that the causes of prostitution are mainly economic, today a common opinion, and the play Widowers' Houses was an attack on slum landlords, who to many are now held in such low esteem that the matter is hardly controversial.[9]

Subsequent productions

Flyer for Birmingham Open Air Theatre, 1941, with plays including Arms and the Man performed in municipal parks during World War II.

Adaptations

The scene in The Chocolate Soldier in which Bumerli (the equivalent of Bluntschli) enters the bedroom of Nadina (the equivalent of Raina), in a 1910 London production

Pejorative military use of the term "chocolate soldier"

The chocolate-cream soldier of the play has inspired a pejorative military use of the term.[citation needed] In Israel, soldiers use the term "chocolate soldier" (Hayal Shel Shokolad, חייל של שוקולד) to describe a soft soldier who is unable to fight well.[22] Similarly, members of the Australian Citizens Military Force were derided by the regular army as "chokos" or chocolate soldiers, the implication being that they were not real soldiers.[23][24]

References

  1. ^ "E-NOTES". Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  2. ^ "Cliff Notes". Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  3. ^ Bernard Shaw (1990). Arms and the Man. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-26476-9.
  4. ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved 20 November 2013.
  5. ^ Shaw, Bernard (1898). "Arms and the Man". Plays: Pleasant and Unpleasant. Vol. The Second Volume, Containing the Four Pleasant Plays. London: Grant Richards. pp. 1–76 – via Internet Archive.
  6. ^ Frezza, Daniel. "About the Playwright: George Bernard Shaw" Archived 19 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine, "Utah Shakespearean Festival," 2007. Accessed 12 February 2008. Shaw's contemporary, William Butler Yeats, was present for the performance, and rendered this quotation differently in his autobiography: "I assure the gentleman in the gallery that he and I are of exactly the same opinion, but what can we do against a whole house who are of the contrary opinion?" (Yeats, The Trembling of the Veil, book 4: The Tragic Generation, from Autobiographies, in The Collected Works of W. B. Yeats, vol. 3, ed. William H. O’Donell and Douglas N. Archibald (New York: Scribner, 1999), 221).
  7. ^ Martyn, Marguerite (13 December 1908). "College Girls Swear Real Swears in "Arms and Man". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. p. Part 6, Page 1.
  8. ^ "Arms and the Man | Western Washington University". cfpa.wwu.edu. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  9. ^ George Orwell,George Bernard Shaw, Chapter 8 in George Orwell, The Lost Writings, Edited by W. J. West, Arbor House, New York, 1985.This also appears as Chapter 8 in Orwell, The War Broadcasts, Edited by W. J .West, The British Broadcasting Corporation, and The Old Piano Factory, London, 1985.
  10. ^ London Stage in the 20th Century, by Robert Tanitch, Haus (2007) ISBN 978-1-904950-74-5
  11. ^ Variety staff (8 July 1953). "Brando Picks Barn Trek (At Nominal $125 Wage) to Give Jobs to Friends". Variety. pp. 1, 14. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  12. ^ Dias (15 July 1953). Legitimate – Straw Hat Reviews: Arms and the Man. Variety . p. 58. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  13. ^ "Players to Give Drama by Shaw". The Minneapolis Star. 3 May 1954.
  14. ^ Studio Arena (1 January 1984). "Playbill for Arms and the Man". Studio Arena Programs.
  15. ^ "IMDB BBC production Arms and the man (1983)". IMDb.
  16. ^ "Home at BBC Shop". Bbcamericashop.com. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  17. ^ "odysseytheatre.ca". odysseytheatre.ca. 9 December 2013. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  18. ^ "Odyssey Theatre / Theatre Under the Stars".
  19. ^ "History", Shaw Festival, accessed 5 January 2016
  20. ^ Keddy, Genevieve Rafter. "Photos: ARMS AND THE MAN Cast and Creative Meets The Press". BroadwayWorld.com. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  21. ^ a b c Ellwood Annaheim (February 2002). "Shaw's Folly – Straus' Fortune". Archived from the original on 20 June 2005. https://web.archive.org/web/20050620092840/http://www.geocities.com/musictheater/chocolate/chocolate.html.
  22. ^ Rosenthal, Ruvik. Maariv, 11 September 2007
  23. ^ "Australian Soldier – Kokoda Track 1942" Archived 2 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, livinghistory.com, accessed 22 September 2010
  24. ^ "Kokoda Trail I" Archived 25 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Battle For Australia, accessed 22 September 2010
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