Himalayan prinia: Difference between revisions
→top: No-break space |
m v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation) |
||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
It is found in the [[Indian Subcontinent]] and parts of [[China]], with its range generally following the [[Himalayas]]. It is distributed in the countries of [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]], and the [[Yunnan|Yunnan Province]] in China. Populations in [[Myanmar]], most of China, and [[Taiwan]] are now considered to belong to ''P. striata'' following a 2019 study. Both ''P. crinigera'' and ''P. striata'' are [[Sympatry|sympatric]] in the Yunnan Province.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
It is found in the [[Indian Subcontinent]] and parts of [[China]], with its range generally following the [[Himalayas]]. It is distributed in the countries of [[Afghanistan]], [[Pakistan]], [[India]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]], and the [[Yunnan|Yunnan Province]] in China. Populations in [[Myanmar]], most of China, and [[Taiwan]] are now considered to belong to ''P. striata'' following a 2019 study. Both ''P. crinigera'' and ''P. striata'' are [[Sympatry|sympatric]] in the Yunnan Province.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
||
There are four known subspecies: ''P. c. striatula'', which is known from the mountains of Afghanistan and west Pakistan (the palest subspecies)<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alström |first=Per |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Pamela C. |last3=Sangster |first3=George |last4=Dalvi |first4=Shashank |last5=Round |first5=Philip D. |last6=Zhang |first6=Ruiying |last7=Yao |first7=Cheng‐Te |last8=Irestedt |first8=Martin |last9=Le Manh |first9=Hung |last10=Lei |first10=Fumin |last11=Olsson |first11=Urban |date=2019-08-28 |title=Multiple species within the Striated Prinia ''Prinia crinigera''–Brown Prinia ''P. polychroa'' complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12759 |journal=Ibis |volume=162 |issue=3 |pages=936–967 |doi=10.1111/ibi.12759 |issn=0019-1019}}</ref> |
There are four known subspecies: ''P. c. striatula'', which is known from the mountains of Afghanistan and west Pakistan (the palest subspecies);<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Alström |first=Per |last2=Rasmussen |first2=Pamela C. |last3=Sangster |first3=George |last4=Dalvi |first4=Shashank |last5=Round |first5=Philip D. |last6=Zhang |first6=Ruiying |last7=Yao |first7=Cheng‐Te |last8=Irestedt |first8=Martin |last9=Le Manh |first9=Hung |last10=Lei |first10=Fumin |last11=Olsson |first11=Urban |date=2019-08-28 |title=Multiple species within the Striated Prinia ''Prinia crinigera''–Brown Prinia ''P. polychroa'' complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12759 |journal=Ibis |volume=162 |issue=3 |pages=936–967 |doi=10.1111/ibi.12759 |issn=0019-1019}}</ref> ''P. c. crinigera'', which is distributed from north Pakistan to [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in northeast India; ''P. c. yunnanensis'', which is restricted to the northwestern Yunnan Province in China, and ''P. c. bangsi'' in the southeastern Yunnan Province. ''P. c. bangsi'' was formerly considered a subspecies of [[Deignan's prinia]] (formerly the brown prinia) until the 2019 study.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> |
||
== Description == |
== Description == |
||
Latest revision as of 06:55, 19 March 2024
| Himalayan prinia | |
|---|---|
| |
| P. c. crinigera in Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park, Nepal | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Cisticolidae |
| Genus: | Prinia |
| Species: | P. crinigera
|
| Binomial name | |
| Prinia crinigera Hodgson, 1836
| |
The Himalayan prinia (Prinia crinigera) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It was formerly lumped in with the striped prinia (P. striata) as the striated prinia.[2][3]
It is found in the Indian Subcontinent and parts of China, with its range generally following the Himalayas. It is distributed in the countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bhutan, Nepal, and the Yunnan Province in China. Populations in Myanmar, most of China, and Taiwan are now considered to belong to P. striata following a 2019 study. Both P. crinigera and P. striata are sympatric in the Yunnan Province.[2][3]
There are four known subspecies: P. c. striatula, which is known from the mountains of Afghanistan and west Pakistan (the palest subspecies);[4] P. c. crinigera, which is distributed from north Pakistan to Arunachal Pradesh in northeast India; P. c. yunnanensis, which is restricted to the northwestern Yunnan Province in China, and P. c. bangsi in the southeastern Yunnan Province. P. c. bangsi was formerly considered a subspecies of Deignan's prinia (formerly the brown prinia) until the 2019 study.[2][3]
Description
[edit]Its tail is long and broad, with a cold-toned dark color.[4]
It exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in both size and color.[4] Appearance varies by season.[4] During the non-breeding season, both sexes have streaking on the upper parts and mottling on the sides of the face and breast.[4]
During the breeding season, males have a blackish crown, which is paler around the edges in many individuals.[4] The face is blackish, and the sides of the breast are dark and mottled.[4] The mantle is streaked, but not as distinctly as the crown.[4] The bill is blackish.[4]
Breeding females are lighter in color and have less streaking.[4] The bill is pale pinkish, darker from the tip to the lower mandible.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Prinia crinigera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22713564A94379983. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22713564A94379983.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b c Madge, Steve (2021). Del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David; De Juana, Eduardo (eds.). "Striated Prinia (Prinia crinigera)". www.hbw.com. doi:10.2173/bow.strpri2.01.1. Retrieved 2019-07-22.
- ^ a b c Alström, Per; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Sangster, George; Dalvi, Shashank; Round, Philip D.; Zhang, Ruying; Yao, Cheng-Te; Irestedt, Martin; Manh, Hung Le (2019). "Multiple species within the Striated Prinia Prinia crinigera-Brown Prinia P. polychroa complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach". Ibis. 162 (3): 936–967. doi:10.1111/ibi.12759. ISSN 1474-919X. S2CID 196653037.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Alström, Per; Rasmussen, Pamela C.; Sangster, George; Dalvi, Shashank; Round, Philip D.; Zhang, Ruiying; Yao, Cheng‐Te; Irestedt, Martin; Le Manh, Hung; Lei, Fumin; Olsson, Urban (2019-08-28). "Multiple species within the Striated Prinia Prinia crinigera–Brown Prinia P. polychroa complex revealed through an integrative taxonomic approach". Ibis. 162 (3): 936–967. doi:10.1111/ibi.12759. ISSN 0019-1019.
 | This Cisticolidae-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |