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Coordinates: 53°20′01″N 2°50′59″W / 53.33361°N 2.84972°W / 53.33361; -2.84972
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{{Short description|International airport serving Liverpool, England, United Kingdom}}
{{short description|International airport in Liverpool, England}}
{{Redirect|Liverpool Airport|the airport in Nova Scotia, Canada|South Shore Regional Airport}}
{{Redirect|Liverpool Airport|the airport in Nova Scotia, Canada|South Shore Regional Airport}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
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{{Infobox airport
{{Infobox airport
| name = Liverpool John Lennon Airport
| name = Liverpool John Lennon Airport
| nativename =
| nativename =
| logo = Liverpool John Lennon Airport logo.svg
| image = Liverpool John Lennon Airport logo.svg
| logo-width = 250
| image-width = 250
| image = Liverpool John Lennon Airport (Terminal Exterior).jpg
| image2 = Liverpool John Lennon Airport (Terminal Exterior).jpg
| image-width = 250
| image2-width = 250
| IATA = LPL
| IATA = LPL
| ICAO = EGGP
| ICAO = EGGP
| owner = [[Peel Group]]
| owner = [[Peel Group]]
| operator = Liverpool Airport Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02116704|title=LIVERPOOL AIRPORT LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821045647/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02116704|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| operator = Liverpool Airport Ltd.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02116704|title=LIVERPOOL AIRPORT LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|access-date=20 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821045647/https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/company/02116704|archive-date=21 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
| focus_city = {{ubl|
| focus_city = <div>
| {{nowrap|[[easyJet]]}}
* [[easyJet]]
| {{nowrap|[[Jet2.com]]}}
* [[Jet2.com]]
| {{nowrap|[[Ryanair]]}}}}
* [[Ryanair]]</div>
| city-served = {{ubl|
| city-served = {{nowrap|[[Liverpool City Region]]}}, {{nowrap|[[North West England]]}}, {{nowrap|[[North Wales]]}}
⚫
| location = [[Speke]], Liverpool, England
| {{nowrap|[[Liverpool City Region]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[North West England]]}}
| {{nowrap|[[North Wales]]}}}}
⚫
| location = [[Speke]], [[Liverpool]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom]]
| elevation-f = 81
| elevation-f = 81
| coordinates = {{coord|53|20|01|N|2|50|59|W|region:GB-LIV|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|53|20|01|N|2|50|59|W|region:GB-LIV|display=inline,title}}
Line 29: Line 26:
| pushpin_label = EGGP
| pushpin_label = EGGP
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Merseyside
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Merseyside
| website = {{URL|www.liverpoolairport.com}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.liverpoolairport.com}}
| metric-rwy = Y
| metric-rwy = Y
| r1-number = 09/27
| r1-number = 09/27

Revision as of 09:33, 7 April 2024

"Liverpool Airport" redirects here. For the airport in Nova Scotia, Canada, see South Shore Regional Airport.

Liverpool John Lennon Airport
File:Liverpool John Lennon Airport logo.svg
Summary
OwnerPeel Group
OperatorLiverpool Airport Ltd.[1]
ServesLiverpool City Region, North West England, North Wales
LocationSpeke, Liverpool, England
Opened1 July 1933; 91 years ago (1933-07-01)
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL81 ft / 25 m
Coordinates53°20′01″N 2°50′59″W / 53.33361°N 2.84972°W / 53.33361; -2.84972
Websitewww.liverpoolairport.com
Map
EGGP is located in Merseyside
EGGP
EGGP
Location in Merseyside
EGGP is located in the United Kingdom
EGGP
EGGP
EGGP (the United Kingdom)
Map
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
09/27 2,285 7,497 Asphalt
Statistics (2022)
Passengers3,490,844
Passenger change 21-22Increase200%
Aircraft movements26,766
Movements change 21-22Increase102%
Sources: UK AIP at NATS[2]
Statistics from the UK Civil Aviation Authority[3]

Liverpool John Lennon Airport (IATA: LPL, ICAO: EGGP) is an international airport in Liverpool, England, on the estuary of the River Mersey 6.5 nautical miles (12.0 km; 7.5 mi) south-east of Liverpool city centre.[2] Scheduled domestic, European, North African and Middle Eastern[4] services are operated from the airport. The airport comprises a single passenger terminal, three general use hangars, a FedEx Express courier service centre as well as a single runway measuring 7,500 ft (2,286 m) in length, with the control tower south of the runway.

Originally called Speke Airport, it was operated by the Royal Air Force as RAF Speke in World War II. Between 1997 and 2007, the facility was one of Europe's fastest-growing commercial airports, as annual passenger numbers increased from 689,468 to 5.47 million. It was renamed after Liverpudlian musician John Lennon of The Beatles in 2001.[3] The airport handled 3.49 million passengers in 2022, making it the 12th-busiest airport in the UK.[5]

History

Imperial Airways

Built in part of the grounds of Speke Hall, Liverpool (Speke) Airport, as the airport was originally known, started scheduled flights in 1930 with a service by Imperial Airways via Barton Aerodrome near Eccles, Salford and Castle Bromwich Aerodrome, Birmingham to Croydon Airport near London. The airport was officially opened on 1 July 1933.[6] By the late 1930s, air traffic from Liverpool was beginning to take off with increasing demand for Irish Sea crossings, and a distinctive passenger terminal, control tower and two large aircraft hangars were built.[7]

Second World War

At the beginning of 1937 Liverpool City Council leased between 70 and 110 acres of their Speke Estate on a 999-year lease to the Air Ministry. The price included at all times the use of Speke Airport next to the shadow factory site. The LMS Railway provided a siding. Erection of the building was planned to take 30 weeks and when complete it would provide employment for more than 5,000 people. It was to be managed by Rootes Securities on behalf of the Air Ministry. Work started Monday 15 February 1937.[8]

During the Second World War, Speke was requisitioned by the Royal Air Force and known as RAF Speke. Rootes built in a "shadow factory" by the airport to produce Bristol Blenheims and 1,070 Handley Page Halifax bombers.[9] Lockheed Aircraft Corporation assembled many types of planes at the airport, including Hudsons and Mustang fighters, that had been shipped from the United States in parts to Liverpool Docks. The airport was also home to the Merchant Ship Fighter Unit.[6]

On 8 October 1940 (one day before John Lennon's birth), Speke was witness to what is thought to be the fastest air-to-air combat "kill" in the Battle of Britain and possibly of all time. Flight Lieutenant Denys Gillam took off in his Hawker Hurricane from Speke to be confronted by a Junkers Ju 88 passing across him. He shot the Junkers down while his undercarriage was still retracting, and, along with Alois Vašátko and Josef Stehlík, all of 312 Squadron, was credited with the kill. The moment has been caught in a painting by Robert Taylor called Fastest Victory.[10][11]

Civil airport

Normal civil airline operations resumed after VE-day and passengers increased from 50,000 in 1945 to 75,000 in 1948, remaining ahead of Manchester Airport. Ownership by the Ministry of Aviation proved to be a drag on the airport's progress thereafter and Manchester gained the lead from 1949, resulting in Liverpool's loss of the only ground-controlled radar approach unit available to North West airports, further hampering operation. [citation needed]

During the post-war years, Speke Airport hosted an annual air display in aid of the Soldiers, Sailors, and Air Force Association, a charity for veterans. The displays were immensely popular and attracted a huge crowd. On one such occasion on 21 May 1956, tragedy struck with the death of Léon Alfred Nicolas "Léo" Valentin, billed as the Birdman, when his balsa wood wings struck the opening of the aircraft from which he was exiting and he was hurtled into an uncontrollable spin. He attempted to deploy his emergency parachute, but it became entangled and 'Roman candled', leaving Leo to fall to his death. The local newspaper headlined the story with "The world has been robbed of a daring personality." Ironically, a few years earlier Valentin had been attributed with discovering the free-fall stable position still used by sports parachutists today for safe deployment.[citation needed]

New runway

The city took over control of the airport on 1 January 1961 and prepared development plans. In 1966, a new 7,500 ft (2,286 m) runway was opened by Prince Philip on a new site to the southeast of the existing airfield. It enabled the airport to be open for business around the clock and is in use to this day. Control of the airport transferred to Merseyside County Council from Liverpool Corporation in the mid-1970s and then, ten years later, to the five Merseyside councils following the abolition of Merseyside County Council. In 1982, Pope John Paul II visited and met crowds at the old Liverpool airport.

Old Terminal (1989)

The old terminal building, used between the 1930s and 1986, now the Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel

A modern passenger terminal adjacent to the new runway opened in 1986 followed by the closure of the original 1930s building.[12]

The original terminal building dating from the late 1930s, famously seen on early television footage with its terraces packed with Beatles fans, was left derelict until converted into a hotel, opening in 2001, preserving its Grade II listed Art Deco style. It was part of the Marriott chain of hotels, but is currently the Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel after a renovation in August 2008.[13] The former apron of the terminal is also listed and retained in its original condition, although it is no longer connected to the airport or subject to airside access control. It is the home of several aircraft, including BAe Jetstream 41 prototype G-JMAC and Bristol Britannia G-ANCF, preserved by the Speke Aerodrome Heritage Group.[citation needed] The two art-deco-style hangars that flank the terminal and apron have also been converted for new uses: one is now a David Lloyd leisure centre, the other the headquarters of the Very Group, called Skyways House.[13][14][15][16]

In 1990 the airport was privatised, with British Aerospace taking a 76% shareholding in the new company. Subsequently, the airport has become a wholly owned subsidiary of Peel Holdings.[6]

New Terminal and renaming (2000)

Check-in hall interior.
Aerial view of the airport - the passenger terminal, parking and general aviation hangars (in the top-right corner)

In 2000, work on a £42.5 million passenger terminal began, tripling its size and passenger capacity, completed in 2002 and opened by Queen Elizabeth II. There have since been further extensions to the airport terminal and airside.

In 2001, 21 years after his death, the airport was renamed in honour of The Beatles' John Lennon, becoming the first airport in the UK to be named after an individual.[17] A 7 ft (2.1 m) tall bronze statue stands overlooking the check-in hall. On the roof is painted the airport's motto, "Above us, only sky"; a line from Lennon's song "Imagine"[18]

In 2005 the Yellow Submarine, a large-scale work of art, was installed on a traffic island at the entrance to the airport. A permanent exhibition of photographs of The Beatles in India, taken by Paul Saltzman in 1968 at the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, can be seen above the retail units in the departure lounge.[19]

2005 also saw the construction of a brand-new apron, exclusively for EasyJet, to the east of the terminal with six stands and a pier with six boarding gates.

In September 2006 reconstruction started on the main runway and taxiways. This was the first time the runway had been reconstructed (as opposed to resurfaced) since it was opened in 1966. This work was completed in 2007.[20] In addition to runway and shoulder work was the upgrade of the 40-year-old airfield group lighting with a new system, intended to upgrade the runway to ILS Category III standards.[20]

In May 2007, Flyglobespan commenced a seasonal flight to Hamilton, 50 miles (80 km) from Toronto. This was the Liverpool airport's first transatlantic air service.[21][22] Later that month, the carrier launched a route to New York City using a Boeing 757. Four of the seven weekly flights were nonstop, while the other three operated via Knock, Ireland. Yoko Ono, the widow of John Lennon, attended the inauguration ceremony.[23][24] Several problems beset the service, including technical issues with the aircraft, lengthy delays and low passenger numbers.[25] Flyglobespan ended up replacing the Boeing 757 with a smaller 737 due to the poor patronage.[26] The company ended flights to both New York and Hamilton in October 2007.[27]

In 2007 construction of a multi-level car park[28] and a Hampton by Hilton hotel started. The hotel opened in October 2009.[29] In June 2010 Vancouver Airport Services announced that it reached an agreement with The Peel Group to acquire 65% share in its airports, including Liverpool.[30] Airside improvements include additional retail units and a more advanced security area aiming at reducing waiting times, completed in autumn 2010.[31]

April 2014 saw Peel repurchase the 65% stake it had sold in the airport giving it 100% ownership once more.[32] In March 2016, Peel sold a 20% stake in the airport to Liverpool City Council for a reported £12m. This valued the airport at £60m.[33] From 2019 to early 2020, the airport completed some renovation works which made it even easier to get around and also more aesthetically pleasing.[34] This included changing the gate numbers from Gates 30–43 to Gates 11–17, in order to make the gates larger and more spacious, which also involved removing two by merging gates together. In addition, the departure hall, security hall and the entire experience throughout the airport has been altered massively by new decorations and images promoting the surrounding region.[35]

On 16 May 2023, Liverpool gained a new focus airline from Jet2.com who announced they would be opening their 11th UK base at Liverpool Airport.[36] The airline will operate a total of 25 destinations across Europe, 7 of which will be new destinations to Liverpool.[37]

Future expansion

Future developments include the potential estimated £100 million investments in the airport infrastructure - this includes a runway extension (enabling transatlantic/long-haul flights)[38] as well as a new cargo area south of the runway, new taxiway, terminal expansion (including new food/drink outlets, larger security areas as well as 3 new piers/concourses), hotel/parking expansion as well as the plans for a new A-road to enhance motorway connections to the facilities.[39][40] In addition to this, the airport also wants to build a nature reserve on the coastal perimeter of the Oglet Shore.[41] Plans also include schemes to improve public transport connections to the airport, including new bus and rail services to South Parkway.

Terminal

The single terminal at Liverpool John Lennon Airport has a capacity of 7 million passengers a year[42] and consists of an arrivals and departures hall, both connected within short walking distance of each other. There are no jetbridges or travelators at Liverpool, requiring passengers to walk to/from the departure/arrival halls and gates.

There are a number of retail and food outlets located within the airport such as Boots, Burger King, Frankie & Benny's, Starbucks, WHSmith and a number of bars and cafe's. There is also a World Duty Free retail section for departing passengers.

Airport directors

Captain Harold James Andrews was appointed as the first Airport Manager in July 1932, and he was effectively the first full-time professional co-ordinator for the whole project. Jack Chadwick took over many of the management functions post-war until 1961. That year there was a traffic increase of 42%, attributed to the first airport marketing campaign initiated by the new Airport Director, Wing Commander H.W.G.Andrews.[43]

In the late 1960s, Brian Trunkfield MBE was a much-respected Assistant Director, and Keith Porter took over as Airport Director in the days when The Beatles were regular passengers.[44] Chris Preece, a former executive of British Aerospace, was Airport Director during much of the British Aerospace years of ownership, replaced by Rod Rufus and then Rod Hill, who brought in Direct Holidays, part of the MyTravel Group on a commercial deal which was to prove the market for easyJet. Neil Pakey took over as managing director in 2002, taking the airport through its major passenger growth years.

On selling the airport to Vancouver Airport Services in 2010, the former Operations Director for Vancouver Airport, Craig Richmond, took over, and on 1 March 2013, Matthew Thomas, also from Vancouver Airport Services (by then renamed Vantage Airport Group), was appointed to the role.[45] Andrew Cornish held the CEO position from September 2014 until the end of June 2017.[46] John Irving became the new CEO with effect from 12 March 2018.[47]

Airlines and destinations

The following airlines operate regular scheduled flights to and from Liverpool:[48]

AirlinesDestinations
Aer Lingus Dublin
Aurigny Seasonal: Guernsey[49]
Dan Air Bacău
easyJet Alicante, Amsterdam, Antalya, Barcelona, Belfast–City, Belfast–International, Enfidha, Faro, Hurghada, Isle of Man, Jersey, Lanzarote, Larnaca, Málaga, Palma de Mallorca, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Bodrum, Corfu, Dalaman, Geneva, Heraklion, İzmir, Kos, Lyon, Nice, Salzburg
Jet2.com Alicante,[50] Antalya, Fuerteventura,[51] Funchal,[52] Gran Canaria,[53] Lanzarote, Málaga,[54] Paphos,[55] Tenerife–South
Seasonal: Bodrum (begins 1 May 2024),[56] Burgas (begins 2 May 2024),[57] Corfu (begins 3 May 2024),[58] Dalaman, Faro,[59] Heraklion (begins 3 May 2024),[60] Ibiza (begins 3 May 2024),[61] Kos (begins 3 May 2024),[62] Kraków (begins 29 November 2024),[63], Malta (begins 1 April 2025),[54] Menorca (begins 5 May 2024),[64] Palma de Mallorca, Prague (begins 29 November 2024),[65], Reus (begins 4 May 2025),[54] Rhodes (begins 2 May 2024),[66] Zakynthos (begins 1 May 2024)[67]
Loganair Isle of Man
Play Seasonal: Reykjavík–Keflavík
Ryanair Alicante, Barcelona, Bergamo, Cork, Dublin, Faro, Kaunas, Knock, Košice, Kraków, Madrid, Málaga, Malta, Paphos,[68] Poznań, Rome–Ciampino, Shannon, Sofia, Stockholm–Arlanda, Szczecin, Tenerife–South, Wrocław
Seasonal: Bergerac, Corfu,[68] Fuerteventura, Ibiza, Lanzarote, Palma de Mallorca, Porto, Reus, Rovaniemi, Warsaw–Modlin, Zadar
Widerøe Bergen
Wizz Air Bucharest–Otopeni, Budapest, Gdańsk, Iași, Katowice, Warsaw–Chopin

Statistics

Passengers and aircraft movements

Annual passenger traffic at LPL airport. See Wikidata query.
Year Passenger numbers Aircraft movements
Total % change
(year on year)		 Total % change
(year on year)
1997 689,468 – 83,354 –
1998 873,172 Increase 26.6 86,871 Increase 4.2
1999 1,304,959 Increase 49.5 75,489 Decrease 13.1
2000 1,982,711 Increase 51.9 76,257 Increase 1.0
2001 2,253,398 Increase 13.7 74,659 Decrease 2.1
2002 2,835,871 Increase 25.8 74,313 Decrease 0.5
2003 3,177,009 Increase 12.0 84,405 Increase 13.6
2004 3,353,350 Increase 5.6 85,393 Increase 1.2
2005 4,411,243 Increase 31.5 92,970 Increase 8.9
2006 4,963,886 Increase 12.5 91,263 Decrease 1.8
2007 5,468,510 Increase 10.2 86,668 Decrease 5.0
2008 5,334,152 Decrease 2.5 84,890 Decrease 2.1
2009 4,884,494 Decrease 8.4 79,298 Decrease 6.6
2010 5,013,940 Increase 2.7 68,164 Decrease 14.0
2011 5,251,161 Increase 4.7 69,055 Increase 1.3
2012 4,463,257 Decrease 15.0 60,270 Decrease 12.7
2013 4,187,439 Decrease 6.2 55,839 Decrease 7.4
2014 3,986,654 Decrease 4.8 52,249 Decrease 6.4
2015 4,301,495 Increase 7.9 55,905 Increase 7.0
2016 4,778,939 Increase 11.1 62,441 Increase 11.7
2017 4,901,157 Increase 3.0 56,643 Decrease 9.0
2018 5,042,312 Increase 3.0 59,320 Increase 5.0
2019 5,043,975 Steady 0.0 58,968 Decrease 1.0
2020 1,338,000 Decrease 73.5 13,300 Decrease 77.5
2021 1,165,508 Decrease 1.1 13,233 Decrease 1.0
2022 3,490,844 Increase 199.5 26,766 Increase 102.2

Route statistics

Busiest routes to and from Liverpool (2022)[69]
Rank Airport Total
passengers		 Change
2021–22
1 Belfast–International 412,179 Increase 56.1%
2 Dublin 338,156 Increase 369.3%
3 Alicante 192,050 Increase 163.6%
4 Málaga 190,534 Increase 164.2%
5 Palma de Mallorca 156,364 Increase 196.7%
6 Isle of Man 154,439 Increase 149.1%
7 Amsterdam 143,256 Increase 1,237.7%
8 Faro 141,824 Increase 151.3%
9 Barcelona 117,838 Increase 466.5%
10 Jersey 99,937 Increase 108.4%
11 Knock 83,846 Increase 180.7%
12 Kraków 73,898 Increase 216.4%
13 Tenerife–South 71,690 Increase 510.4%
14 Geneva 58,743 Increase 3,147.3%
15 Cork 56,486 Increase 477.5%
16 Bucharest 52,704 Increase 477.5%
17 Rome–Fiumicino 47,261 Increase 842.6%
18 Warsaw–Modlin 46,869 Increase 152.1%
19 Lanzarote 46,378 Increase 266.6%
20 Nice 41,833 Increase 924.1%

Ground transport

Liverpool South Parkway railway station was built to improve links to the airport.
Platform view at Liverpool South Parkway Station.

Liverpool John Lennon Airport is within Merseytravel Area C, for local public transport tickets. Plusbus tickets are also available. Arriva North West provides buses to Liverpool City Centre. There is also an express service Arriva North West 500 that connects the airport with the city centre every 30 minutes[70]

Road

The airport is accessible from the A533 / Runcorn Widnes Bridge and Mersey Gateway Bridge to the South and from the M57 and Knowsley Expressway to the north.[71]

Rail

The nearest Merseyrail Northern Line station is Hunts Cross at 2.2 miles (3.5 km) away, where there are frequent services to Liverpool Central and Southport.

Liverpool South Parkway at 2.9 miles (4.7 km) from the airport is the closest intercity railway station, where there are East Midlands Railway, London Northwestern Railway, Merseyrail, Northern Trains, TransPennine Express & Transport for Wales regular services.

Bus and coach

Regular bus services link the airport with surrounding urban areas,operated by Arriva North West and Merseytravel.

Facilities

Hotels

The Hampton by Hilton Liverpool John Lennon Airport

The original terminal building dating from the late 1930s, famously seen on 1960s television footage with its terraces packed with Beatles fans, was part of the Marriott chain of hotels. It became the Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel after a renovation in August 2008.

The Hampton by Hilton Liverpool/John Lennon Airport is one of four Hilton Worldwide hotels in Liverpool. It is situated directly opposite the main terminal building, and is the second largest hotel serving the complex after the Crowne Plaza.[72] The hotel was constructed as part of a £37 million development by Peel Holdings at John Lennon Airport (which also included a multi-storey car park),

There is also a Premier Inn and a Travelodge UK within walking distance to the airport terminal

Accidents and incidents

See also

Bibliography

  • Phil Butler Liverpool Airport - an Illustrated History. Tempus Publishing, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-3168-4.
  • Gabi Dolff-Bonekämper: Berlin-Tempelhof in: Berlin-Tempelhof, Liverpool-Speke, Paris-Le Bourget. Années 30 Architecture des aéroports, Airport Architecture of the Thierties, Flughafenarchitektur der dreißiger Jahre. Éditions du patrimoine, Paris 2000, ISBN 2-85822-328-9, S. 32–61.
  • Bob Hawkins (ed.): Historic airports. Proceedings of the international "L'Europe de l'Air" conferences on Aviation Architecture Liverpool (1999), Berlin (2000), Paris (2001). English Heritage, London 2005, ISBN 1-873592-83-3.

References

  1. ^ "LIVERPOOL AIRPORT LIMITED - Overview (free company information from Companies House)". beta.companieshouse.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 21 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
  2. ^ a b "Liverpool - EGGP". NATS (Services) Limited. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
  3. ^ a b "Aircraft and passenger traffic data from UK airports". UK Civil Aviation Authority. 21 March 2023. Archived from the original on 25 March 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  4. ^ "easyJet commence more flights to Turkey from LJLA as new Antalya route takes off". Liverpool John Lennon Airport. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  5. ^ "Size of Reporting Airports 2022 Comparison with previous year". Civil Aviation Authority. January–December 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Wright, Jade (11 August 2013). "Flashback: Eighty years of our airport". Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
  7. ^ Limited, Fubra. "History of Liverpool Airport - Liverpool Airport Guide". liverpool-airport-guide.co.uk. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ Liverpool Aeroplane Factory. The Times, Saturday, 13 February 1937; pg. 9; Issue 47608
  9. ^ "Liverpool (Speke) Airport". forgottenairfields.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
  10. ^ "Shooting down of a Ju88 by No 312 Squadron". RAF Millom Aviation & Military Museum Group. Archived from the original on 30 June 2012. Retrieved 21 January 2009.
  11. ^ Taylor, Robert. "Fastest Victory". aceshighgallery.co.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2008. Retrieved 10 September 2008.
  12. ^ "Liverpool John Lennon Airport History". Liverpool John Lennon Airport. 2004. Archived from the original on 11 March 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2005.
  13. ^ a b "Recent History and Current Developments". Friends of Liverpool Airport. 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2011.
  14. ^ "Liverpool Marriott Hotel South". Marriott International Inc. Archived from the original on 26 November 2005. Retrieved 15 November 2005.
  15. ^ "The Jetstream Club". The Jetstream Club. Archived from the original on 21 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  16. ^ Roberts, Patricia (14 July 2005). "Home shopping jobs go west". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
  17. ^ "Background Information". Liverpool Airport. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  18. ^ Peter Adey, ""Above Us Only Sky": Themes, Simulations, and Liverpool John Lennon Airport," pp. 153–166 in The Themed Space: Locating Culture, Nation, and Self, ed. Scott A. Lukas (Lanham, MD, Lexington Books, 2007), ISBN 0-7391-2142-1
  19. ^ "Iconic Art Joins Arrivals at John Lennon Airport". Liverpool Daily Post. 20 November 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  20. ^ a b "Tarmac's John Lennon Airport resurfacing". Airport Technology. Contract Journal. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  21. ^ "Liverpool's First Transatlantic Service takes off to Canada" (Press release). Liverpool John Lennon Airport. May 2007. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  22. ^ Hodgson, Neil (25 September 2007). "25 jobs are lost as flyglobespan leaves JLA". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  23. ^ O'Keeffe, Greg (25 May 2007). "New York, New York it's a wonderful trip". Liverpool Echo. Gale A163942972.
  24. ^ Sobie, Brendan (20 May 2007). "Atlantic crossing". Airline Business. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  25. ^ Hodgson, Neil (3 July 2007). "Flyglobespan axes its New York air link with Liverpool". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  26. ^ Higgerson, David (19 October 2007). "Liverpool's NY flights lose air safety licence; Struggling JLA transatlantic route forced to divert as CAA imposes restrictions: Exclusive". Daily Post. Gale A170038627.
  27. ^ Hodgson, Neil (25 March 2008). "Air link to New York on runway to doom; Axed city service is not resumed". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  28. ^ "Liverpool John Lennon Airport Multi-storey car park". Liverpool Airport Multi-story. Liverpool JLA. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
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