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Coordinates: 37°47′37″N 40°47′35″E / 37.79361°N 40.79306°E / 37.79361; 40.79306
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[[Category:Archaeological sites in Southeastern Anatolia]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in Southeastern Anatolia]]

Revision as of 20:38, 9 April 2024

Ziyaret Tepe
Tushhan is located in Turkey
Tushhan
Shown within Turkey
LocationDiyarbakır Province, (Turkey)
Coordinates37°47′37″N 40°47′35″E / 37.79361°N 40.79306°E / 37.79361; 40.79306
Typesettlement
History
Founded3th millennium BC
PeriodsBronze Age, Iron Age
Site notes
Excavation dates1997-2014
ArchaeologistsTimothy Matney
ConditionRuined
OwnershipPublic
Public accessYes

Tushhan (alternatively spelled as Tushan or Tušhan), thought to be at the site of Ziyaret Tepe, was an ancient city in Mesopotamia and was a provincial capital in the upper Tigris river valley, on the south bank and inhabited since the Mitanni period, and mainly during the Neo-Assyrian period during the Iron Age.

It is now thought to be located at the site of the archaeological site Ziyaret Tepe (Template:Lang-ku), Diyarbakır Province, Turkey though Üçtepe Höyük has also been proposed.[1][2]

History

The site of Ziyaret Tepe was occupied as early as the Early Bronze Age. Most of the urban development uncovered to date is from the Middle Iron Age, when the city was rebuilt after its collapse at the end of the Middle Assyrian period. In late Assyrian times it is thought to have been known as Tushhan, until circa 612 BC to 605 BC, when that empire fell. The site was also occupied in a much smaller scale in the Hellenistic, Roman, Medieval and Ottoman periods. The site is expected to be inundated by the Ilısu Dam around 2014.

Archaeology

Work at the location began with 3 years of surface survey and remote sensing in 1997 [3][4][5] From 2000 until 2014 the site was being excavated by a team directed by Timothy Matney of the University of Akron.[6][7][8][9][10] [11] [12] [13]

An important assemblage of cuneiform clay tablets was found there, translated by Simo Parpola of Helsinki University.[14]

Controversial Neo-Assyrian tablet

A cuneiform tablet was discovered in 2009 at Ziyaret Tepe that contained a list of around 60 names. It was a list of women deported from an unknown location around 800 BC, during the Neo Assyrian Empire period. According to John MacGinnis of the University of Cambridge McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, these women may have come from around the Zagros Mountains. He said that the most likely possibility was that these names belonged to Shubrians, a people speaking a dialect of Hurrian.[15][16] This contention received little support.[citation needed]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ [1]Şevket Dönmez, "An Overview on the Excavations at Üçtepe Höyük (Ancient Tušḫan). The 1988-1992 Excavations Seasons", Proceedings of the 61e Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Geneva and Bern, 22-26 June 2015 (Eds. P. Attinger/A. Cavigneaux/C. Mittermayer/M. Novak). Leuven, pp. 139-146, 2018
  2. ^ [2]Taylor, J. G., "Travels in Kurdistan, with Notices of the Sources of the Eastern and Western Tigris, and Ancient Ruins in their Neighbourhood", Journal of Royal Geographical Society 35, pp. 21-58, 1865
  3. ^ Timothy Matney, The First Season of Excavation at Ziyaret Tepe in the Diyarbakir Province, Anatolica, vol. 24, pp. 7-30, 1998
  4. ^ Timothy Matney and Lewis Somers, The Second Season of Excavation at Ziyaret Tepe in the Diyarbakir Province, Anatolica, vol. 25, pp. 203-219, 1999
  5. ^ Timothy Matney and A. Bauer, The Third Season of Archaeological Survey at Ziyaret Tepe in Diyarbakir Province, Anatolica, vol. 26, pp. 119-128, 2000
  6. ^ Timothy Matney et al.,Archaeological Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe: 2000 and 2001, Anatolica, vol. 28, pp. 47-89, 2002
  7. ^ Timothy Matney et al.,Archaeological Investigations at Ziyaret Tepe: 2002, Anatolica, vol. 29, pp. 175-221, 2003
  8. ^ Timothy Matney and L. Rainville, Archaeological Investigations at Ziyaret Tepe: 2003 and 2004, Anatolica, vol. 31, pp. 19-68, 2005
  9. ^ Timothy, Matney et al., Report on Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe, 2006 Season, Anatolica, vol. 33, pp. 23-73, 2007
  10. ^ Timothy, Matney et al., Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe 2007-2008, Anatolica, vol. 35, pp. 37-84, 2009
  11. ^ Timothy, Matney et al., Excavations at Ziyaret Tepe, Diyarbakir Province, Turkey, 2009-2010 Seasons, Anatolica, vol. 37, pp. 67-114, 2011
  12. ^ Matney, Timothy ; Greenfield, Tina ; Köroʇlu, Kemalettin ; MacGinnis, John ; Proctor, Lucas ; Rosenzweig, Melissa ; Wicke, Dirk. / Excavations at ziyaret tepe, diyarbakir province, Turkey, 2011-2014 seasons. In: Anatolica. 2015 ; Vol. 41. pp. 125-176.
  13. ^ Timothy Matney el al, Ziyaret Tepe Exploring the Anatolian frontier of the Assyrian Empire, Cornucopia Books, September 2017 ISBN 978-09565948-9-1
  14. ^ S. Parpola, Cuneiform Texts From Ziyaret Tepe (Ancient Tushan) 2002-2003, State Archives of Assyria Bulletin, vol. 16, 2006
  15. ^ Archaeologists discover lost language - University of Cambridge
  16. ^ John MacGinnis, Evidence for a Peripheral Language in a Neo-Assyrian Tablet from the Governor’s Palace in Tušhan, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 13-20, (April 2012)

References

  • Timothy Matney and Ann Donkin, Mapping the Past: An Archaeogeophysical Case Study from Southeastern Turkey, Near Eastern Archaeology, vol. 69, pp. 12–26, 2006
  • Timothy, Matney et al., Eighteen years on the frontiers of Assyria: the Ziyaret Tepe Archaeological Project, EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2020 ISBN 978-88-5511-145-4 eISBN 978-88-5511-146-1
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