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Optimal viewing distance

The optimal viewing distance^[1] is based on the limits of the human eye, i.e. its angle of resolution. Here, it concerns its ability to distinguish two pixels. For normal visual acuity (6/6 vision), this angle is 1 arcmin. To obtain a fixed distance for a given resolution, it must be expressed in picture heights (H)^[1]. If a screen is 50 cm high and it is at a distance of 250 cm, then in picture heights, its distance is 5 H (⁠250/50⁠). Mathematically, this results in the distances presented in the following table:

Optimal viewing distance
	Resolution	Opti. Dist.
NTSC	(640) × 480	7.2 H
PAL SECAM	(720) × 576	6.0 H
HD 720	1280 × 720	4.8 H
HD 1080	1920 × 1080	3.2 H
4K UHD	3840 × 2160	1.6 H
8K UHD	7680 × 4320	0.8 H

This table can be used in various ways :

Find the optimal distance for a given screen. Example: for a 4K UHD 140 cm high (112 inches diagonal) screen, the optimal distance is 140 × 1.6 = 224 cm.

Find the right screen size. Example: for an HD 1080 television used at a distance of 250 cm, you need to find a screen whose height is close to ⁠250/3.2⁠ = 78 cm (63 inches diagonally).

Find the correct video resolution. Example: a screen, whose height is 53 cm (43 inches diagonal), which is at a distance of 300 cm, does not need to present video higher than HD 720. Presenting greater resolution results in a greater ecological footprint without any perceptible gain.

Find the best seat at the cinema. DCI 4K cinema has the same number of lines as 4K UHD (DCI 4K format is wider). The optimal distance is therefore 1.6 times the height of the screen. The best compromise with the ideal listening zone, the sweet spot, must be found; "Sound is 50 percent of the movie going experience" - George Lucas^[2].

Attention ! The optimal viewing distance is not suitable for user interface design; It is the distance of use actually observed in households which must be used. It is much larger and highly variable^[3].

^ ^a ^b "Recommandation ITU-R BT.500-14, Methodologies for the subjective assessment of the quality of television images". www.itu.int. 2019. Retrieved 2024-04-11.
^ Fantel, Hans (May 3, 1992). "Home Entertainment; In the Action With 'Star Wars' Sound". The New York Times.
^ Bertolus, Cédric; Bailleul, Daniel; Mersiol, Marc (2017-08-29). "Viewing distance requires large characters to ensure legibility on TV-set". Proceedings of the 29th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine. IHM '17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery: 147–155. doi:10.1145/3132129.3132133. ISBN 978-1-4503-5109-6.

[:0-1] "Recommandation ITU-R BT.500-14, Methodologies for the subjective assessment of the quality of television images". www.itu.int. 2019. Retrieved 2024-04-11.

[2] Fantel, Hans (May 3, 1992). "Home Entertainment; In the Action With 'Star Wars' Sound". The New York Times.

[3] Bertolus, Cédric; Bailleul, Daniel; Mersiol, Marc (2017-08-29). "Viewing distance requires large characters to ensure legibility on TV-set". Proceedings of the 29th Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine. IHM '17. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery: 147–155. doi:10.1145/3132129.3132133. ISBN 978-1-4503-5109-6.

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 <!-- EDIT BELOW THIS LINE -->
 ==== Optimal viewing distance ====
-The optimal viewing distance<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |year=2019 |title=Recommandation ITU-R BT.500-14, Methodologies for the subjective assessment of the quality of television images |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.500/en |url-status= |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.itu.int}}</ref> is based on the limits of the human eye, i.e. its [[Angular resolution|angle of resolution]]. Here, it concerns its ability to distinguish two pixels. For normal [[Visual acuity#Physiology|visual acuity]] (6/6 vision), this angle is 1 [[Minute and second of arc|arcmin]]. To obtain a fixed distance for a given [[Display resolution|resolution]], it must be expressed in picture heights (H)<ref name=":0" />. If a screen is 50 cm high and it is at a distance of 250 cm, then in picture heights, its distance is 5&nbsp;H (5 × 50). Mathematically, this results in the distances presented in the following table.
+The optimal viewing distance<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |year=2019 |title=Recommandation ITU-R BT.500-14, Methodologies for the subjective assessment of the quality of television images |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.500/en |url-status= |access-date=2024-04-11 |website=www.itu.int}}</ref> is based on the limits of the human eye, i.e. its [[Angular resolution|angle of resolution]]. Here, it concerns its ability to distinguish two pixels. For normal [[Visual acuity#Physiology|visual acuity]] (6/6 vision), this angle is 1 [[Minute and second of arc|arcmin]]. To obtain a fixed distance for a given [[Display resolution|resolution]], it must be expressed in picture heights (H)<ref name=":0" />. If a screen is 50 cm high and it is at a distance of 250 cm, then in picture heights, its distance is 5&nbsp;H ({{Sfrac|250|50}}). Mathematically, this results in the distances presented in the following table:
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Optimal viewing distance