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July 31 is the 212th day (213th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 153 days remaining.

Events

1423 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
1498 - On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
1667 - Second Anglo-Dutch War ends: The Treaty of Breda ends the war.
1703 - Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet.
1790 - Inventor Samuel Hopkins becomes the first issue to be issued a US patent issued.
1856 - Christchurch, New Zealand chartered as a city.
1919 - In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is passed into law.
1930 - The radio mystery program The Shadow airs for the first time.
1945 - Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
1941 - Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Herman Goering, orders SS general Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."
1948 - At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
1961 - At Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, the first All-Star Game tie in major league baseball history occurs when the game is stooped in the 9th inning due to rain.
1962 - Federation of Malaysia formed.
1964 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes).
1971 - Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
1975 - In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing.
1999 - NASA intentionally crashes the Lunar Prospector spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.

Births

1596 - Philip III of Burgundy, duke of Burgundy (+ [[[1467]])
1816 - George Henry Thomas, American general (+ 1870)
1901 - Jean Dubuffet, painter and sculptor (+ 1985)
1912 - Irv Kupcinet, newspaper columnist
1912 - Milton Friedman, recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in economics
1914 - Louis de Funès, actor and comedian (+ 1983)
1919 - Curt Gowdy, sports announcer
1919 - Primo Levi, author, chemist (+ 1987)
1921 - Whitney Young, civil rights activist (+ 1971)
1923 - Ahmet Ertegun, record company executive
1928 - Kurt Sontheimer, politicial scientist
1930 - Oleg Popov, clown
1939 - France Nuyen, actress
1943 - William Bennett, former Secretary of Education and "drug czar"
1944 - Geraldine Chaplin, actress
1946 - Gary Lewis, rock and roll musician
1946 - Bob Welch, rock and roll musician
1951 - Evonne Goolagong, tennis star
1952 - Alan Autry, American football player, actor, mayor of Fresno, California
1959 - Stanley Jordan, jazz guitarist
1962 - Wesley Snipes, actor
1965 - J. K. Rowling, novelist
1966 - Dean Cain, actor

Deaths

1099 - Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar ("El Cid"), Spanish warrior
1108 - King Philip I of France
1556 - Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits
1886 - Franz Liszt, composer
1937 - Charles Martine, Apache scout
1944 - Antoine de Saint-Exupery, French pilot and writer
1953 - Robert Taft, Senator from Ohio, former candidate for President of the United States, son of William Howard Taft, "Mr. Republican"
1993 - Baudouin I of Belgium
2001 - Poul Anderson, science fiction author

Holidays and observances

Republic of the Congo - Upswing of the Revolution

See Also:

July 30 - August 1 - June 30 - August 31 -- listing of all days

January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[da:31. juli]] [[de:31. Juli]] [[eo:31-a de julio]] [[es:31 de julio]] [[fr:31 juillet]] [[nl:31 Juli]] [[no:31. Juli]] [[pl:31 lipca]] [[sv:Juli 31]] [[zh:7&#26376;31&#26085;]]
 '''July 31''' is the 212th day (213th in [[leap year]]s) of the year in the [[Gregorian Calendar]], with 153 days remaining.
 ==Events==
+*[[1423]] - [[Hundred Years War]]: [[Battle of Cravant]] - The [[France|French]] army is defeated at [[Cravant]] on the banks of the river [[Yonne]].
-*[[904]] - [[Thessalonika, Greece]] is sacked by [[Saracen]] raiders.
+*[[1498]] - On his third voyage to the [[Western Hemisphere]], [[Christopher Columbus]] becomes the first European to discover the island of [[Trinidad]].
-*[[1423]] - The French army are defeated at the [[Battle of Cravant]].
-*[[1498]] - [[Christopher Columbus]] discovers island of [[Trinidad]].
+*[[1667]] - [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]] ends: The [[Treaty of Breda]] ends the war.
-*[[1667]] - Signing of the [[Treaty of Breda]], denoting the end of the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]].
+*[[1703]] - [[Daniel Defoe]] is placed in a [[pillory]] for the crime of seditious [[libel]] after publishing a politically satirical [[pamphlet]].
-*[[1790]] - First US [[patent]] issued.
+*[[1790]] - Inventor Samuel Hopkins becomes the first issue to be issued a US [[patent]] issued.
 *[[1856]] - [[Christchurch, New Zealand]] chartered as a city.
-*[[1945]] - [[Pierre Laval]], leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to Allied soldiers.
+*[[1919]] - In [[Germany]], the [[Weimar Constitution]] is passed into [[law]].
+*[[1930]] - The [[radio mystery]] program ''[[The Shadow]]'' airs for the first time.
-*[[1962]] - Federation of [[Malaysia]] formed.
+*[[1945]] - [[Pierre Laval]], fugitive former leader of [[Vichy France]], surrenders to [[Allies|Allied]] soldiers in Austria.
+*[[1941]] - [[Holocaust]]: Under instructions from [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Nazi]] official [[Herman Goering]], orders [[SS]] general [[Reinhard Heydrich]] to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired [[final solution]] of the Jewish question."
+*[[1948]] - At Idlewild Field in [[New York]], New York International Airport (later renamed [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]) is dedicated.
+*[[1961]] - At [[Fenway Park]] in [[Boston, Massachusetts]], the first [[All-Star Game]] tie in major league [[baseball]] history occurs when the game is stooped in the 9th inning due to rain.
+*[[1962]] - Federation of [[Malaysia]] formed.
+*[[1964]] - [[Ranger program]]: [[Ranger 7]] sends back the first close-up photographs of the [[moon]] (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from  earth-bound [[telescope]]s).
+*[[1971]] - [[Apollo program]]: [[Apollo 15]] astronauts become the first to ride in a [[lunar rover]].
+*[[1975]] - In [[Detroit, Michigan]], [[Teamsters Union]] president [[Jimmy Hoffa]] is reported missing.
+*[[1999]] - [[NASA]] intentionally crashes the [[Lunar Prospector]] spacecraft into the [[Moon]], thus ending its mission to detect frozen [[water]] on the moon's surface.
 ==Births==
@@ Line 43: / Line 50: @@
 *[[1556]] - [[Ignatius Loyola]], founder of the [[Jesuits]]
 *[[1886]] - [[Franz Liszt]], composer
+*[[1937]] - [[Charles Martine]], Apache scout
 *[[1944]] - [[Antoine de Saint-Exupery]], French pilot and writer
 *[[1953]] - [[Robert Taft]], [[Senator]] from [[Ohio]], former candidate for [[President of the United States]], son of [[William Howard Taft]], "Mr. Republican"
@@ Line 58: / Line 66: @@
 [[January]], [[February]], [[March]], [[April]], [[May]], [[June]], [[July]], [[August]], [[September]], [[October]], [[November]], [[December]]
+[[da:31. juli]] [[de:31. Juli]] [[eo:31-a de julio]] [[es:31 de julio]] [[fr:31 juillet]] [[nl:31 Juli]] [[no:31. Juli]] [[pl:31 lipca]] [[sv:Juli 31]] [[zh:7&#26376;31&#26085;]]