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{{Short description|Species of flowering plant}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Use New Zealand English|date=July 2024}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Pittosporum patulum 1210304.jpg
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN2.3
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=de Lange, P.J. |date=1998 |title=''Pittosporum patulum'' |volume=1998 |page=e.T34899A9892459 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34899A9892459.en |access-date=16 November 2021}}</ref>
| status2 = NE
| status2_system = NZTCS
| status2_ref = <ref name="NZTCS"/>
| genus = Pittosporum
| species = patulum
| authority = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]
}}


'''''Pittosporum patulum''''' is a small tree species endemic to New Zealand where it has a restricted distribution in the South Island - ranging from [[Nelson, New Zealand|Nelson]] in the north with occurrences in inland [[Marlborough Region|Marlborough]] down to [[Wānaka]] in the south. It is unusual amongst the genus in having deep red and scented flowers.<ref name="DOC">{{cite web|url=http://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/native-plants/pittosporum-patulum/|access-date=26 January 2017|publisher= NZ Department of Conservation|title=Pittosporum patulum}}</ref>
| name = Melicytus lanceolatus


It is a small tree restricted to sub-alpine sites in canopy gaps in ''[[Nothofagus]]'' forest and in scree. It is uncommon and may be threatened by grazing and by alien herbivores.<ref name="DOC"/>
| species = Melicytus lanceolatus


It is listed in the IUCN [[Red List]] as Endangered,<ref name="iucn status 16 November 2021" /> and on the [[New Zealand Threat Classification System]] as Nationally Endangered.<ref name="NZTCS">{{Cite book| publisher = Science & Technical Pub., Department of Conservation| isbn = 0478141289| last = Hitchmough| first = Rod|author2=Leigh Bull |author3=Pam Cromarty | title = New Zealand Threat Classification System lists, 2005| location = Wellington, N.Z| date = 2007}}</ref> In 1999 a recovery plan was approved by the Director-General of the Department of Conservation.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Biodiversity Recovery Unit, Dept. of Conservation| isbn = 9780478218435| last = Townsend| first = A. J | title = ''Pittosporum patulum'' recovery plan, 1999-2009| location = Wellington, N.Z.| date = 1999 | series = Threatened species recover plan 28}}</ref>
| parent = Melicytus


It is occasionally cultivated.<ref>{{Cite book| publisher = Reed| isbn = 9780790001982| last = Metcalf| first = L. J| title = The cultivation of New Zealand trees & shrubs| location = Auckland, N.Z.| date = 1991}}</ref>
| taxon = Melicytus lanceolatus


==Description==
| image = Melicytus lanceolata 12.JPG


====Leaves====
| authority = Hook.f.
| status = NT
| status_system = NZTCS
| status_ref = <ref>{{cite book |last1=de Lange |first1=P. J |last2=Rolfe |first2=J. R |last3=Barkla |first3=J. W |last4=Courtney |first4=S |last5=Champion |first5=P. D |last6=Perrie |first6=L. R |last7=Beadel |first7=S. M |last8=Ford |first8=K |last9=Breitwieser |first9=I |last10=Schönberger |first10=I |last11=Hindmarsh-Walls |first11=R |oclc=1041649797|title=Conservation status of New Zealand indigenous vascular plants, 2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Department of Conservation |location=Wellington, New Zealand |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1041649797}}</ref>
}}


====Trunk====
'''''Melicytus lanceolatus''''', commonly called '''narrow-leaved māhoe''' or '''māhoe-wao''',<ref>{{cite book |last1=Nicol |first1=E. R |title=Common names of plants in New Zealand |date=1997 |publisher=Manaaki Whenua Press |location=Christchurch, New Zealand |isbn=9780478093100 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/38946767|oclc=38946767}}</ref> is a small tree<ref name=":3">{{cite web |title=''Melicytus lanceolatus'' |url=https://www.nzpcn.org.nz/flora/species/melicytus-lanceolatus/ |website=New Zealand Plant Conservation Network |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref> in the family [[Violaceae]]<ref>{{cite web |title= ''Melicytus lanceolatus'' Hook.f. |url=https://biotanz.landcareresearch.co.nz/scientific-names/87ba5e12-2546-4e4f-b854-f8bae04e6802 |website=Biota of New Zealand |publisher=Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref> that is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=M.J |last2=Macmillan |first2=B.H |last3=Douglass |first3=P |title=Current names list for wild gymnosperms, dicotyledons and monocotyledons (except grasses) in New Zealand : as used in Herbarium CHR |date=1998 |publisher=Manaaki Whenua Press |location=Christchurch, New Zealand |isbn=9780478093193 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/41430002|oclc=0478093195}}</ref>


====Flowers====
==Description==
''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is a small tree that typically appears slender, glabrous,<ref name=":6">{{cite book |last1=Cheeseman |first1=T. F |last2=Walter Reginald Brook |first2=O |title=Manual of the New Zealand flora |date=1925 |publisher=Government printer |location=Wellington, New Zealand |edition=2nd |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/154288888|oclc=154288888
}}</ref> and erect.<ref name=":7">{{cite book |last1=Salmon |first1=J. T |title=The native trees of New Zealand |date=1986 |publisher=Heinemann Reed |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=0790001047 |edition=Rev |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/261361033|oclc=261361033}}</ref> ''Melicytus lanceolatus'' has the potential to grow up to 5–6 m tall<ref name=":8">{{cite book |last1=Salmon |first1=J. T |title=Native New Zealand flowering plants |date=1991 |publisher=Heinemann Reed |location=Auckland, New Zealand |isbn=079000223X |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/26036266|oclc=26036266}}</ref> with a trunk 30 cm in diameter.<ref name=":9">{{cite book |last1=Wardle |first1=J. A |last2=Platt |first2=I |title=Wardle’s native trees of New Zealand and their story. |date=2011 |publisher=New Zealand Farm Forestry Association |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=1877520063 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/759841801?oclcNum=759841801|oclc=759841801}}</ref>


====Fruits====
The vibrant green<ref name=":10">{{cite book |last1=Metcalf |first1=M. J |title=Know your New Zealand trees |date=2006 |publisher=New Holland |location=Auckland, New Zealand |isbn=1869660986 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/144595167|oclc=144595167}}</ref> leaves of ''M. lanceolatus'' are simple, alternate,<ref name=":11">{{cite book |last1=Dawson |first1=J |last2=Lucas |first2=R |title=A field guide to New Zealand's native trees |date=2012 |publisher=Craig Potton|location=Nelson, New Zealand |isbn=1877517828 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/816328841|oclc=816328841}}</ref> and have a finely serrated margin.<ref name=":12">{{cite book |last1=Allan |first1=H. H |title=Flora of New Zealand |date=1961 |publisher=R.E. Owen, Government Printer |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=0477010415|oclc=977216383 |url=https://searchworldcat.org/title/977216383}}</ref> They are lanceolate in shape, being long, thin, and narrow.<ref name=":12"/><ref name=":13">{{cite book |last1=Eagle |first1=A. L |title=Eagle's complete trees and shrubs of New Zealand |date=2006 |publisher=Te Papa Press |location=Wellington, New Zealand |isbn=9780909010089 |oclc=85262201|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/85262201}}</ref> Typically, the leaves are between 5–16 cm long by 0.5–2 cm wide.<ref name=":3" /> Occasionally, the tip of the leaf will curve downward.<ref name=":11"/> Overall, these features can make the leaves of ''M. lanceolatus'' look a lot like [[willow]] leaves.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" />


== Range ==
Bark is brown to white, slightly wrinkled,<ref name=":7" /> and with prominent [[Lenticel|lenticels]].<ref name=":11" /> Branches are brittle.<ref name=":7" />


=== Natural global range ===
Flowers are small, 5 mm in diameter,<ref name=":12" /> and have five erect petals that curve backwards.<ref name=":6" /> Petal colours are variable, with some being yellow, dark purple, or with hints of both.<ref name=":13" /> Flowers occur in clusters of two to five.<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":7"/> They grow along bare branches below leaves but occasionally from the leaf axils.<ref name=":9"/> These clusters can be in such high quantity that they densely cover the branch in small flowers.<ref name=":7" /> Flowers are scented, being fragrant day and night.<ref name=":14">{{cite journal |last1=Powlesland |first1=M. H |title=Reproductive biology of three species of ''Melicytus'' (Violaceae) in New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=1984 |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=81–94 |doi=10.1080/0028825x.1984.10425235|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1984.10425235|issn=0028-825X}}</ref>


=== New Zealand range ===
''Melicytus lanceolatus'' produces dark purple round berries that are 4–6 mm in diameter.<ref name=":12" /> There is some discrepancy about the number of seeds in each berry, with some claiming between three to six seeds<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":13" /> or six to twelve seeds.<ref name= ":6" /><ref name=":9" /><ref name=":12" />


==Habitat==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="162px"|left>
File:Melicytus lanceolatus leaves.jpg|Leaves of ''Melicytus lanceolatus''
File:Melicytus lanceolatus purple flowers.jpg|''Melicytus lanceolatus'' flowering in September
File:Melicytus lanceolatus trunk.jpg|Trunk of ''Melicytus lanceolatus''
</gallery>


== Range ==
==Ecology==
===Phenology and reproduction===


===Predators, Parasites, and Diseases===
=== Natural global range ===


==Uses==
''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is endemic to New Zealand.


==Conservation==
=== New Zealand range ===


==References==
''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is found in the [[North Island]], [[South Island]] and [[Stewart Island]], from a latitude of 35°30S ([[Northland Region|Northland region]]) southwards<ref name=":12" /> from sea level to 915 m.<ref name=":7" /> In the South Island, it is mostly found around [[Dunedin]], in [[Southland Region|Southland]], and west of the [[Southern Alps]].<ref name=":10" /> Although ''M. lanceolatus'' occurs on Stewart Island, it is not very common.<ref name=":15">{{cite book |last1=Cockayne |first1=L |title=Report on a botanical survey of Stewart Island |date=1909 |publisher=J. Mackay, Government printer |location=Wellington, New Zealand |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/5379041|oclc=5379041}}</ref>
{{Reflist|2}}


==Further reading==
==Habitat==
*{{cite web | url = http://www.doc.govt.nz/upload/documents/science-and-technical/tsrp28.pdf| title = ''Pittosporum patulum'' recovery plan, 1999-2009| author = A.J. Townsend| year = 1999| publisher = Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand | format = PDF | accessdate = 2007-04-18}}
This species prefers moist, cool areas<ref name=":11" /> with high rainfall<ref name=":3" /> from lowland up to montane forests.<ref name=":10" /> ''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is an early coloniser after a disturbance.<ref name=":16">{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=C. J |title=Germination behaviour of seeds of the New Zealand woody species ''Ascarina lucida'', ''Coprosma grandifolia'', ''Melicytus lanceolatus'', and ''Solanum laciniatum''|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=1996 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=509–515 |doi=10.1080/0028825x.1996.10410131|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1996.10410131|issn=0028-825X}}</ref> It can be commonly seen growing along forest margins,<ref name=":12" /> in regenerating forest,<ref name=":16" /> or as a slightly shaded understory plant.<ref name=":9" /> Specifically, ''M. lanceolatus'' can be found in associations with [[Nothofagus fusca|red beech]], [[Nothofagus menziesii|silver beech]], [[Pterophylla racemosa|kāmahi]], and [[Podocarpus totara|tōtara]] forests.<ref name=":9" /> However, it can also occur in shrublands, river terraces, inland valleys or frosty basins.<ref name=":11" />


==External links==
==Ecology==
*[http://www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-plants/pittosporum-patulum/ ''Pittosporum patulum''] at the Department of Conservation
===Phenology===
[[File:Melicytus lanceolatus fruiting.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Purple berries of ''Melicytus lanceolatus'' in March]]

''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is a long-lived,<ref name=":17">{{cite book |last1=Wardle |first1=P |title=Vegetation of New Zealand |date=2002 |publisher=Blackburn Press |location=Caldwell, New Jersey |isbn=9781930665583 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/57965892|oclc=57965892}}</ref> [[Dioecy|dioecious]] plant.<ref name=":14" /> Flowering occurs from June to November (mid-winter or early spring to early summer) while fruiting occurs from July to February (late-winter to late-summer).<ref name=":8"/><ref name=":11" /><ref name=":18">{{cite journal |last1=Powlesland |first1=M. H |last2=Philipp |first2=M |last3=Lloyd |first3=D. G |title=Flowering and fruiting patterns of three species of ''Melicytus'' (Violaceae) in New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=1985 |volume=23 |issue=4 |pages=581–596 |doi=10.1080/0028825x.1985.10434229|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1985.10434229|issn=0028-825X}}</ref> Most fruits start to ripen from March to April.<ref name=":10" /> Insects are the primary pollinators of its flowers while [[Frugivore|frugivorous]] birds allow for seed dispersal.<ref name=":14" /> The seeds of ''M. lanceolatus'' were found to [[Germination|germinate]] after a two-month delay, often germinating in autumn or winter.<ref name=":16 /> Seeds could also remain viable in soil for up to thirty months.<ref name=":16 />

===Diet and foraging===

It is tolerant of a range of soils except dry soils.<ref name=":9 /> It especially prefers being in a moist environment in high rainfall areas.<ref name=":3" /> Since it can be an understory plant, it can tolerate shade.<ref name=":9 /> However, it does require enough light to germinate, as seeds were found to have a very low germination rate (8%) in the dark.<ref name=":16" /> Since it prefers cool areas, ''M. lanceolatus'' has a cold sensitivity of –2.0°C,<ref name=":19">{{cite journal |last1=Dale |first1=E. E |last2=Larcombe |first2=M. J |last3=Potter |first3=B. C. |last4=Lee |first4=W. G |title=Diversification and trait evolution in New Zealand woody lineages across changing biomes |journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand |date=2022 |volume=54 |issue=1 |pages=98–123 |doi=10.1080/03036758.2022.2108071|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03036758.2022.2108071?casa_token=ll7Ba_qr4O4AAAAA%3AKqXSO8JuLnV25HIRsSPbI7Q7YPAzu5hE5WvpxfR1MN_ofHs_WWoKLVvMwUHtraMFh9fcDEd-hSTriA|issn=0303-6758}}</ref> but its leaves were found to endure frosts down to –8.3°C.<ref name=":20">{{cite journal |last1=Bannister |first1=P |title=Are frost hardiness ratings useful predictors of frost damage in the field? A test using damage records from the severe frost in South Otago and Southland, New Zealand, July 1996|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=2003 |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=555–569 |doi=10.1080/0028825x.2003.9512869|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.2003.9512869|issn=0028-825X}}</ref>

===Predators, Parasites, and Diseases===

Due to its berries, flowers, and foliage, ''M. lanceolatus'' has interactions with insects, birds and introduced mammalian species.

Flies that have been caught visiting the flowers include [[Fungus gnat|fungus gnats]] from the family [[Sciaridae]] and [[Mycetophilidae]], [[Midge|midges]] from the family [[Chironomidae]], and [[Hoverfly|hover flies]], specifically the [[Melangyna novaezelandiae|large hover fly]].<ref name=":14" />

Bees, as seen with the [[western honey bee]], use the flowers as a [[pollen]] and [[nectar]] source.<ref name=":21">{{cite journal |last1=Butz Huryn |first1=V. M |title=Use of native New Zealand plants by honey bees (''Apis mellifera''): A review|journal=New Zealand Journal of Botany |date=1995 |volume=33 |issue=4 |pages=497–512 |doi=10.1080/0028825x.1995.10410621|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0028825X.1995.10410621|issn=0028-825X}}</ref>

Species of moth are also associated with ''M. lanceolatus''. ''[[Pyrgotis plagiatana]]'' has been observed visiting its flowers.<ref name=":14" /> ''[[Austramathes purpurea]]'' caterpillars use this species as a [[Host (biology)|host plant]] by feeding on its leaves.<ref name=":22">{{cite book |last1=Hoare |first1=R |title=Noctuinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) : part 1 : Austramathes, Cosmodes, Proteuxoa, Physetica |date=2017 |publisher=Manaaki Whenua Press |location=Christchurch, New Zealand |isbn=9780947525095 |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/1016869674?oclcNum=1016869674|oclc=1016869674}}</ref> The caterpillars of the [[Pūriri moth|puriri moth]] use the tree as a host plant by burrowing into its trunk and eating the [[Callus (cell biology)|callus tissue]] produced.<ref name=":23">{{cite book |last1=Townsend |first1=J. I |title=An insect survey of Paengaroa Scenic Reserve, Mataroa |date=1997 |publisher=Department of Conservation |location=Wellington, New Zealand |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/154151991?oclcNum=154151991|oclc=154151991}}</ref> One of the indigenous names (although less commonly used) for ''M. lanceolatus'', “Kaiwētā”<ref name=":10" /><ref name=":24">{{cite web |title=''Melicytus lanceolatus'' Hook.f. |url=https://www.nzflora.info/factsheet/Taxon/Melicytus-lanceolatus.html |website=nzflora |publisher=Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref> (meaning “[[wētā]] food” in [[Māori language|te reo Māori]]),<ref name=":25" /> suggests that wētā will also eat this plant. However, this could be in reference to the fact that wētā (specifically the [[tree wētā]]) live in holes made by the puriri moth,<ref name=":25">{{cite journal |last1=Wehi |first1=P. M |last2=Brownstein |first2=G |last3=Morgan‐Richards |first3=M |title=Indigenous plant naming and experimentation reveal a plant–insect relationship in New Zealand forests|journal=Conservation Science and Practice |date=2020 |volume=2 |issue=10 |doi=10.1111/csp2.282|url=https://conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/csp2.282|issn=2578-4854}}</ref> making it appear as though wētā eat trees like ''M. lanceolatus''.

[[File:Melicytus lanceolatus flowers budding.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Flower buds of ''Melicytus lanceolatus'' in August]]

''[[Bemisia flocculosa]]'', also known as the Melicytus whitefly, use ''M. lanceolatus'' as a host plant by feeding on the underside of its leaves.<ref name=":26">{{cite journal |last1=Gill |first1=R |last2=Holder |first2=P |title=A new species of ''Bemisia'' (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) from New Zealand |journal=Zootaxa |date=2011 |volume=2794 |issue=1 |page=63-68 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2794.1.5}}</ref> This interaction occurs with other ''Melicytus'' species, hence the common name.<ref name=":27">{{cite web |last1=Martin |first1=N. A |title=Melicytus whitefly - ''Bemisia flocculosa'' |url=https://interestinginsects.landcareresearch.co.nz/taxa/5da1b4b6-e8e4-4c28-ad93-0854206c1bc6 |website=Interesting insects and other invertebrates |publisher=Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research |access-date=11 May 2024}}</ref>

[[Thrips]] from the family [[Lathriidae]] have been caught visiting its flowers,<ref name=":14" /> while larvae from the species ''[[Hercinothrips bicinctus|Hercinothrips bicinctus]]'' have been found infesting its leaves.<ref name=":28">{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=N. A |last2=Mound |first2=L. A. |title=Host plants for some New Zealand thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia)|journal=New Zealand Entomologist |date=2004 |volume=27 |issue=1 |pages=119–123 |doi=10.1080/00779962.2004.9722133|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00779962.2004.9722133|issn=0077-9962}}</ref>

''Melicytus lanceolatus'' is an attractive food source for birds. For example, [[New Zealand bellbird|New Zealand bellbirds]] eat the berries,<ref name=":16" /> while [[Kererū|kererū]] eat the foliage, flowers, flower buds, and berries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Emeny |first1=M. T |last2=Powlesland |first2=R. G |last3=Henderson |first3=I. M |last4=Fordham |first4=R. A |title=Feeding ecology of kereru (''Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae'') in podocarp-hardwood forest, Whirinaki Forest Park, New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Ecology |date=2009 |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=114-124 |url=https://newzealandecology.org/nzje/2902.pdf|issn=1177-7788}}</ref>

Introduced mammals such as [[red deer]], [[fallow deer]], [[white-tailed deer]], and [[Feral goat|feral goats]], also eat the foliage of ''M. lanceolatus''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Forsyth |first1=D. M |last2=Coomes |first2=D. A |last3=Nugent |first3=G |last4=Hall |first4=G. M |title=Diet and diet preferences of introduced ungulates (Order: Artiodactyla) in New Zealand|journal=New Zealand Journal of Zoology |date=2002 |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=323–343 |doi=10.1080/03014223.2002.9518316|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03014223.2002.9518316|issn=0301-4223}}</ref>

=Evolution=

''Melicytus lanceolatus'' has been described as one of the oldest ''Melicytus'' species.<ref name=":19" /> It was estimated to have diverged around 6.41 million years ago.<ref name=":31">{{cite journal |last1=Mitchell |first1=A. D |last2=Heenan |first2=P. B |last3=Murray |first3=B. G |last4=Molloy |first4=B. P |last5=de Lange |first5=P. J |title=Evolution of the south-western Pacific genus ''Melicytus'' (Violaceae): evidence from DNA sequence data, cytology and sex expression|journal=Australian Systematic Botany |date=2009 |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=143-157 |doi=10.1071/sb0804|issn=1030-1887|url=https://www.publish.csiro.au/sb/sb08042}}</ref>

=Etymology=

The genus name ''Melicytus'' is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words μέλι (méli), meaning "honey,"<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=R |last2=Liddell |first2=H.G. |title=An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon|date=1889 |publisher=Oxford: Clarendon Press. |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=me/li |access-date=16 May 2024|oclc=31899293}}</ref> and κῠ́τος (kútos), meaning "hollow container."<ref>{{cite book |last1=Scott |first1=R |last2=Liddell |first2=H. G. |title=A Greek-English lexicon|date=1940 |publisher=Oxford: Clarendon Press |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=ku/tos |language=en|access-date=16 May 2024|issn=1940-641X
|oclc=7547345129}}</ref> Combined, this literally means “honey cave,” referencing the nectaries below the [[Stamen|stamens]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Poole |first1=A. L |last2=Adams |first2=N. M |editor1-last=West |editor1-first=C. J |title=Trees and shrubs of New Zealand |date=1994 |publisher=Manaaki Whenua Press |location=Christchurch, New Zealand |isbn=9780478045352 |edition= Rev|url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/33473843}}</ref>

The species name ''lanceolatus'' is a [[Latin]] word meaning “shaped like a lance,”<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lewis |first1=C. T |last2=Short |first2=C |title=A Latin Dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin Dictionary revised, enlarged, and in great part rewritten |date=1879 |publisher=Oxford: Clarendon Press |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=lanceolatus&toc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA |access-date=16 May 2024|oclc=249321852}}</ref> referencing the lanceolate leaves of ''M. lanceolatus''.
=Chromosome number=

The chromosome number of ''M. lanceolatus'' is 2n = 32.<ref name=":31" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q6812332}}

Latest revision as of 08:59, 18 September 2024

Ceveg/sandbox

Nationally Endangered (NZ TCS)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Apiales
Family: Pittosporaceae
Genus: Pittosporum
Species:
P. patulum
Binomial name
Pittosporum patulum

Pittosporum patulum is a small tree species endemic to New Zealand where it has a restricted distribution in the South Island - ranging from Nelson in the north with occurrences in inland Marlborough down to Wānaka in the south. It is unusual amongst the genus in having deep red and scented flowers.[3]

It is a small tree restricted to sub-alpine sites in canopy gaps in Nothofagus forest and in scree. It is uncommon and may be threatened by grazing and by alien herbivores.[3]

It is listed in the IUCN Red List as Endangered,[1] and on the New Zealand Threat Classification System as Nationally Endangered.[2] In 1999 a recovery plan was approved by the Director-General of the Department of Conservation.[4]

It is occasionally cultivated.[5]

Description

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Leaves

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Trunk

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Flowers

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Fruits

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Range

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Natural global range

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New Zealand range

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Habitat

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Ecology

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Phenology and reproduction

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Predators, Parasites, and Diseases

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Uses

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Conservation

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References

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  1. ^ a b de Lange, P.J. (1998). "Pittosporum patulum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T34899A9892459. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34899A9892459.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Hitchmough, Rod; Leigh Bull; Pam Cromarty (2007). New Zealand Threat Classification System lists, 2005. Wellington, N.Z: Science & Technical Pub., Department of Conservation. ISBN 0478141289.
  3. ^ a b "Pittosporum patulum". NZ Department of Conservation. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
  4. ^ Townsend, A. J (1999). Pittosporum patulum recovery plan, 1999-2009. Threatened species recover plan 28. Wellington, N.Z.: Biodiversity Recovery Unit, Dept. of Conservation. ISBN 9780478218435.
  5. ^ Metcalf, L. J (1991). The cultivation of New Zealand trees & shrubs. Auckland, N.Z.: Reed. ISBN 9780790001982.

Further reading

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